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专题八 动词和动词短语
语法导图
01
核心考点精讲
02
针对性练习
03
语法导图
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语法导图
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考点一 实义动词的用法
1.及物动词和不及物动词
分类 功能及用法 例词
实
义
动
词 及物动词vt. 本身含有实在意义,表示动作或状态,在句中能独立作谓语 可以接宾语 afford买得起
enjoy喜欢
不及物动词vi. 不可以直接接宾语 arrive到达
fall落下
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不及物动词要想接宾语,必须在不及物动词后加上适当的介词。
She died of hunger.她死于饥饿。
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2.延续性动词和非延续性动词
(1)延续性动词和非延续性动词的意义
分类 意义 例词
延续性
动词 表示动作是可持续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用 drink喝 fly飞
wait等 lie躺着
play玩 read读
sing唱 work工作
stand站 keep保持
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分类 意义 例词
非延续
性动词 表示瞬间动作,动作一发生便立即结束。非延续性动词在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用 buy买 begin开始
Close关闭 come来
die死 marry结婚
open打开 start开始
arrive到达 leave离开
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(2)延续性动词和非延续性动词的转换
非延续性 延续性 非延续性 延续性
buy have marry be married
borrow keep get to know know
join be in come back be back
put on wear die be dead
leave be away sit down sit
begin/start be on finish be over
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(2024·无锡)I couldn’t ______what else he has to say. Everyone knows that’s a lie.
A. suppose B. imagine
C. realize D. consider
[解析]suppose“假设”;imagine“想象”;realize“意识到”;consider“考虑”。根据“Everyone knows that’s a lie.(每个人都知道那是个谎言。)”可知,此处指我无法想象他还有什么别的可说的,imagine符合题意。
[答案]B
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考点二 系动词的用法
常用系
动词 词义 例句
be 是 I’m a girl with short hair.我是个短发女孩。
become 成为,
变得 Mike becomes interested in Chinese. Mike对汉语产生了兴趣。
turn 变得 Mr. White’s face turned red. White先生的脸变红了。
get 变得 The weather is getting bad. 天气变糟了。
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常用系
动词 词义 例句
grow 逐渐
变得 As time went on he grew more and more impatient.时间长了,他越来越没有耐心。
smell 闻起来 The flowers smell nice. 这些花闻起来很香。
sound 听起来 The plan sounds good. 这个计划听起来不错。
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常用系
动词 词义 例句
taste 尝起来 The soup tastes delicious. 汤尝起来很美味。
feel 感觉,
摸起来 The coat feels very soft.这件外套摸起来很软。
look 看起来 My mother looks very young.我的妈妈看起来很年轻。
keep 保持 The girl keeps silent all the time. 这个女孩一直保持沉默。
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(1)系动词不能单独作谓语,其后必须接形容词、名词或介词短语作表语。
(2)含系动词(be除外)的句子变疑问句时一定要借助助动词。
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(2024·广西)—What do you think of the chicken soup, Helen?
—It ______really good. I’d like to drink more.
A. tastes B. feels C. sounds
[解析]tastes“尝起来”;feels“感觉”;sounds“听起来”。根据句意“你觉得这个鸡汤怎么样?”可知,应是回答它尝起来真的很不错。
[答案]A
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考点三 助动词的用法
助动词本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、否定、疑问等。
(1)助动词will和shall用于构成将来时。shall仅用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称。
(2)助动词do/does/did不仅可以构成疑问句、倒装句、否定句等,还可以加强说话的语气或代替前面刚出现的动词等。
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(2024·成都)The astronauts of the Shenzhou-18 ______in the Tiangong space station for about two months since they were sent into space in April this year.
A. will work B. have worked C. is working
[解析]根据观察可知,题干是复合句,含有since引导的时间状语从句。主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时,have worked 符合题意。
[答案]B
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考点四 情态动词的用法
常用的情态动词
常见情态动词有can(could), may(might), must, have to, shall(should), will(would), dare, need, ought to等。
(1)情态动词不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。
(2)情态动词除ought和have外,后面只能接不带to的不定式。
(3)情态动词没有人称、数的变化(have to除外)。
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(2024·龙东)—Must I answer this question in English?
—No, you ______.
A. mustn’t
B. needn’t
C. can’t
[解析]根据“No”可知,说话人不必用英语回答这个问题,则此处应用needn’t。
[答案]B
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考点五 动词短语
1.动词短语的构成
类型 例词
动词+介词 knock at敲
go over仔细检查
deal with处理
hear from收到……来信
动词+介词+名词 keep in mind牢记;记住某事
go to bed上床睡觉
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类型 例词
动词+副词 set off出发
hand in上交
find out查明;弄清
动词+副词+介词 catch up with赶上
keep away from远离
动词+名词 take place发生;举行
take care小心,警惕
make progress取得进步
动词+名词+介词 make fun of取笑
take part in参加
pay attention to注意
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2.常见动词短语
(1)come 短语
Come across 偶然遇见,偶然发现
Come out出版,发行;出来
Come along出现,跟随;进展
Come over 来访,拜访
Come on加油;快点
Come true(梦想等)实现
Come back回来;恢复
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(2)fall 短语
fall over 被……绊倒,倒下;摔倒
fall off 脱落;下降;从……跌落
fall behind 落后于
fall down倒塌;跌倒
fall in love with爱上
fall asleep 入睡
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(3)get 短语
get up 起床;起身;站起
get over 从……中恢复;克服
get on进展;上(车、船等)
get off下(车、船等);下班;(使)离开;(使)动身
get ready for 为……做准备
get together相聚
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(4)give 短语
give up 放弃
give off发出(光、热等)
give in 屈服,让步
give away 捐赠
give out分发
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(5)go短语
go off (警报器等)突发巨响;停止运作
go on 继续
go away 离开
go by 从旁经过;时间流逝
go over仔细检查
go up上升;增长
go out 出去;熄灭
go after追求,追赶
go down下降;倒下
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(6)have 短语
have a look看一看
have a rest休息
have a cold 感冒
have confidence in对……有信心
have (an) interest in对……感兴趣
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(7)keep 短语
keep off使不接近,回避
keep in touch with 和……保持联系
keep away from远离
keep up with赶上
keep on 继续
keep out 防止进入
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(8)look短语
look at看
look up查阅;向上看
look back回顾
look through浏览
look for寻找
look around环顾
look after 照顾
look over查看,检查
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(9)make 短语
make up组成;化妆;编造
make a decision作出决定
make the bed铺床
make a difference有作用;有影响
make a promise作出承诺
make friends with 和……交朋友
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(10)put 短语
put up张贴;搭建
put away 把……收起来
put on穿上
put down写下;放下
put back放回(原处)
put out 熄灭
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(11)take 短语
take off 脱掉;起飞
take out 取出,拿出
take up 占据;学着做;开始做
take in吸收;吸入;吞入
take down 拆除;往下拽;记下;记录
take away 拿走,带走;解除;消除
take after (长相、举止或性格)像
take on 呈现,具有(特征、外观等)
take over 接收,接管(企业、公司等)
take back 退回;收回,撤回(说过的话)
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(12)think 短语
think of 想起,记得
think out认真考虑;想出
think over仔细考虑;慎重思考
think through充分考虑;全盘考虑;想透
think up想出;虚构
think back回想起
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(2024·菏泽)—Why are you late for class again, Bob?
—Sorry, I failed to ______when my alarm went off.
A. get up B. run away C. lie down
[解析]get up“起床”;run away“跑开”;lie down“躺下”。根据“Why are you late for class again,Bob?”可知,此处是说“抱歉,闹钟响的时候我没能起床”。got up符合题意。
[答案]A
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( )1.(2024·天津)It ______be the only way to solve the problem. There are other choices.
A. may not B. mustn’t
C. need D. should
( )2.(2024·云南)The students worked in groups to ______the difficult problem in the math class.
A. work out B. turn down
C. cut off D. worry about
A
A
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( )3.(2024·东营)Jenny, you have ______a lot, much thinner and more hard-working than before.
A. done B. changed
C. learned D. practiced
B
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( )4.(2024·滨州)—Mum, would you like to help me clear out these old clothes?
—Oh, they are still in good condition. Let’s to people in need.
A. give them away
B. wash them away
C. throw them away
D. keep them away
A
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( )5.(2024·扬州) Many think SOS is short for “save our ship”, but it doesn’t really ______anything.
A. look for B. stand for
C. pay for D. try for
( )6.(2024·无锡) I know how busy you are and I won’t ______too much of your time.
A. take up B. set up
C. make up D. put up
A
B
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( )7.(2024·常州)—Which school club should I choose?
—It ______what skills you want to develop.
A. takes on B. carries on
C. puts on D. depends on
( )8.It’s so quiet here that I can hardly ______we’re in the city center.
A. believe B. cough
C. count D. fight
A
D
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( )9.Lao She’s Teahouse ______the changes in Chinese society over fifty years.
A. describes B. improves
C. corrects D. prepares
( )10.—Maria, don’t forget to ______the sports shoes. You have a P.E. class today.
—Thanks, mom. I won’t.
A. get up B. put on
C. take off D. cut down
B
A
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动词和动词短语
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