专题03 阅读理解：议论文（复习讲义）（北京专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题03 阅读理解：议论文 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 3 03 考点通关·靶向突破 3 ★ 考点一 词义猜测题 4 ★ 考点二 细节理解题 6 考点三 主旨大意题 9 ★ 考点四 推理判断题 12 04 优题精选·练能提分 15 考点 课标要求 复习目标 论点判断 1.能读懂简单的说理类文章，理解作者的观点、立场和论证思路。 2.能识别议论文的论点、论据（事实论据、道理论据）和论证方法。 3.能分析段落之间的逻辑关系，判断论据与论点的关联性。 4.能对作者的观点进行评价，表达个人看法并说明理由。 1.熟练掌握议论文“论点—论据—论证”的核心框架，快速定位中心论点。 2.能准确分析论据与论点的关系，辨别不同论证方法的作用。 3.培养批判性思维，能对文章观点进行合理评价和逻辑推理。 4.提高议论文阅读的解题速度和准确率，适应中考考试要求。 论据分析‌ 论证方法 逻辑梳理 观点评价 命题预测 1.核心素养导向：未来命题会更注重思维品质考查，减少单纯的信息定位题，增加对作者观点、论证逻辑的深层推理题。 2.话题贴近现实：常选取AI发展、大数据、自我成长、幸福与成功等热点话题，体现学科育人价值。 3.题型灵活创新：可能出现“观点匹配题”“论证方法判断题”等新题型，强调对文本逻辑的整体把握。 解题锦囊 锦囊1：词义猜测题 1. 找上下文同义/反义线索 2. 借助举例、定义等解释性语句 3. 代入选项验证逻辑是否通顺 锦囊2：细节理解题 1. 定位题干关键词（人名、数字、专有名词） 2. 对比原文与选项，注意同义替换 锦囊3：主旨大意题 1. 找主题句（常位于段首/段尾） 2. 归纳各段核心，排除片面选项 3. 最佳标题需涵盖全文主旨，不夸大不缩小 锦囊4：推理判断题 1. 立足原文，不主观臆断 2. 关注情态动词（may/might）、转折词（but/however）后的内容 3. 排除与原文直接表述的选项 1. 知识梳理 （1）议论文三要素 要素 作用 常见形式 论点 文章核心观点 常位于首段尾句或末段 论据 支撑论点的依据 事实论据（例子、数据）、道理论据（名言、科学原理） 论证 连接论点与论据的逻辑过程 举例论证、对比论证、因果论证 （2）易混易错点辨析 易混题型 区别点 解题关键 推理判断题VS细节理解题 推理题：原文无直接答案，需推断；细节题：原文有直接对应信息 推理题选“可能/也许”的选项，细节题选“同义替换”项 段落大意题VS主旨大意题 段落题：聚焦某一段；主旨题：覆盖全文 主旨题需包含各段共同话题 （3）速记口诀 议论阅读并不难，论点先找是关键。 论据例子和数据，论证逻辑要理清。 词义猜测看语境，推理判断不主观。 主旨标题全覆盖，细节定位关键词。 2. 议论文阅读理解通用解题步骤 1. 先题后文：读题干，标注题型（词义/细节/主旨/推理）和关键词，带着问题读文章。 2. 定位原文：议论文按“观点—论据—结论”分层，根据关键词快速找到对应段落。 3. 匹配选项：结合各题型锦囊，对比选项与原文，排除干扰项。 4. 验证答案：主旨题需通读全文验证，推理题需检查是否“立足原文”。 考点一 词义猜测题 （一）解题步骤 1.寻找上下文同义或反义线索； 2.借助举例、定义等解释性语句辅助判断； 3.将选项代入原文，验证逻辑是否通顺。 （二）考情分析 议论文中常通过同义替换（如 argue 与 put forward a view 同义）、反义对比（如 some support...while others oppose... 这类句式）来表达观点； 定义句通常以 is、means、refers to 引出，举例内容则常用 for example、for instance 衔接。 从北京中考近5年考情来看，议论文词义猜测题80%以上可通过上下文线索解题，极少单独考查纯词汇量，上下文分析是核心解题思路。 避坑指南 1.避免仅依赖单词词根词缀猜测含义，忽略上下文语境的核心作用； 2.代入选项时，需确保整句话逻辑成立，而非仅满足单词搭配合理。 一、单项选择 1．（2025·北京） As AI becomes more powerful, we need to take increasing care to read our principles (原则) into the record of our actions rather than allowing the two to diverge. Recognizing this allows us to make better decisions, but only when we are prepared to look closely and take responsibility for what we see. What does the word “diverge” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．Improve. B．Appear. C．Separate. D．Repeat. 【答案】C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据“we need to take increasing care to read our principles (原则) into the record of our actions rather than allowing the two to diverge.”可知，在人工智能发展的过程中，我们需要将我们的原则融入到我们的行动记录中，而不是让两者背道而驰。划线部分diverge意为“分歧，背离”，与Separate表达的意思相近。故选C。 2.（2024·北京） The key to dealing with this disagreement lies in compassion (同情) for ourselves and others. By developing a culture of openness and by understanding the challenges of aligning behaviors with beliefs, we can begin to break down what prevents us from having conversation and change. Admitting that this disagreement is a shared part of the human experience can enable us to speak openly, find support, and take necessary steps toward the agreement between our inner world and our actions. What does the word “aligning” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Matching. B．Comparing. C．Mixing. D．Confusing. 【答案】A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“By developing a culture of openness and by understanding the challenges of aligning behaviors with beliefs, we can begin to break down what prevents us from having conversation and change.”可知，这里指通过发展一种开放的文化，通过理解使行为与信念保持一致的挑战，人们能够开始突破那些不利于我们进行对话和改变的障碍。上文一直在说行为与信念的“不一致”，由此可推知，此处的“挑战”应指使行为与信念保持一致。画线词应意为“使一致”，与A项意思相近。故选A。 考点二 细节理解题 （一）解题步骤 1.定位题干中的关键词，包括人名、数字、专有名词、观点态度词等； 2.将原文内容与选项逐一对比，重点关注同义替换表述。 （二）考情分析 议论文细节题多考查支撑观点的论据，如调查数据、研究者或者专家引言等，同时也会涉及不同群体的观点态度。 北京中考这类题型偏爱用同义替换改写原文，例如将“do a survey among 200 students”改写为“carry out a research with 200 participants”。 关键词定位是解题核心，其中观点词（如 agree、disagree、advocate 等）也是高频定位词，需重点关注。 （三）典型示例 题干为“What does the author use the 2023 study to prove?”。 解题步骤：首先定位关键词“2023 study”；随后在原文中找到对应内容“The 2023 study shows that 65% of teens prefer reading paper books to e-books.”；最后对比选项，正确选项将原文中的“prefer...to...”替换为“like...better than...”，符合同义替换的解题逻辑。 避坑指南 1.警惕偷换概念，如原文表述为“some teens”，选项偷改为“all teens”，扩大范围； 2.注意绝对化表述，only、never、always 等词汇所在的选项多为错误选项，议论文中观点多为相对表述，极少出现绝对化结论。 1．（2025·北京朝阳·一模）In many areas of life, people compete even when it does not benefit them. Office workers stay late at work to avoid looking lazy. On social media, people feel pressured to post perfect photos. These situations all come from a problem called the theater effect, which explains why people find it hard to stop competing, even when it is unnecessary. The theater effect happens when one person tries to do better, forcing others to follow. In the end, everyone works harder, but no one truly benefits. Imagine watching a movie—if the people in front stand up, those behind must stand too. Finally, everyone is standing, but the view remains the same. According to the passage, which is probably the example of the theater effect? A．A family enjoys a quiet dinner without surfing the internet. B．A company gives praise to workers for their continual efforts. C．People set a long-term goal to exercise more for better health. D．Students sign up for more classes because others are doing so. 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第1段“people compete even when it does not benefit them”及第2段“forcing others to follow”可知，该现象的核心是“因他人行为而被迫跟随”。故选D。 2.（2025·北京丰台·二模） No one wants to be seen as a liar. Liars are considered untrustworthy at best and immoral at worst. And yet, we keep lying to ourselves all the time. “I’ll enjoy this sleeve of Oreos today because my diet starts tomorrow,” I might tell myself. Or even — ironically — “I am always honest with myself.” Why does the author use the example of Oreos in Paragraph 1? A．To prove that eating snacks affects people’s dieting plans. B．To show a common form of self-deception in daily life. C．To stress the popularity of Oreos among dieters. D．To explain why lying to others is harmful. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据“And yet, we keep lying to ourselves all the time”可知，本段是讨论人们在生活中经常自己骗自己，因此举出吃完奥利奥再减肥的事例，是为了说明在生活中，自我欺骗的现象很常见。故选B。 3.（2024·北京石景山·一模）The idea is not new that the spaces we live and work in influence our feelings and behaviours. Winston Churchill noted: “We shape our buildings and then our buildings shape us.” Buildings and the city environment have been found to influence our general emotion and wellbeing. Architects (建筑师) have often been focused on their imagination and design above how a space may influence its residents (居住者). However, there are a number of architects moving in a new direction, interested in creating people-centred building designs. What do you know about architects from the passage? A．They are running out of creativity. B．Their stress needs to be considered. C．They have to take tests from time to time. D．Their design starts to focus on human feelings. 【答案】D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, there are a number of architects moving in a new direction, interested in creating people-centred building designs.”可知，有许多建筑师正朝着一个新的方向发展，他们对创造以人为本的建筑设计感兴趣，即他们的设计开始关注人类的感受。故选D。 考点三 主旨大意题 （一）解题步骤 1.寻找主题句，主题句常位于段首或段尾，议论文中首段末句、末段首句是主题句的高频出现位置； 2.归纳各段落核心观点，排除片面性选项； 3.选择最佳标题时，需确保标题涵盖全文主旨，既不夸大也不缩小原文观点范围。 （二）考情分析 北京中考议论文结构清晰，多采用“总—分—总”或“总—分”结构，主题句通常包含作者的核心观点，例如“We should take action to protect the environment”这类表达观点的句子。 主旨题的干扰项多存在两种问题： 一是“以偏概全”，仅概括某一段的分论点，而非全文主旨； 二是“过度拔高”，超出原文观点范围，添加无关内容。 （三）典型示例 全文围绕“青少年应合理使用社交媒体”展开，分论点包括： ①社交媒体的弊端； ②合理使用社交媒体的方法； ③对待社交媒体的正确态度。 正确主旨应为“Teenagers should use social media properly.”。常见干扰项如“How to avoid social media”，仅围绕分论点②展开，属于片面性选项，不符合主旨要求。 避坑指南 1.不要将开头引出话题的例子当作全文主旨，例子仅为引出观点服务，并非核心主旨； 2.标题题需兼顾简洁性与概括性，议论文标题通常包含核心观点词，如 should、must、importance of 等，明确体现作者观点。 1.（2022·北京） A Pathway (路径) to Meaning in Life All the results proved our theory (假设) true. But putting it into practice can be difficult. Our fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with goals. We try to get the highest output both at work and in spare time. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. We should slow down and let life surprise us. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．It is easier for results-driven people to achieve success. B．We often turn a blind eye to the present moment. C．A fast-paced lifestyle helps us reach our goals. D．Future life will bring us many more surprises. 【答案】B 【解析】 段落大意题。根据“This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. ”可知，我们经常忽略当下正在发生的一切。故选B。 2.（2025·北京） People are talking a lot about artificial intelligence (AI), viewing it as a force that could reshape how society works. But there is something important missing from this discussion. It isn’t enough to ask how it will change us. We also need to understand how we shape AI and what it can tell us about ourselves. Every AI model we develop mirrors our rules and expresses our beliefs. A few years ago, while looking for new workers, a famous company gave up an AI-powered tool after finding it unfavorable to women. The AI was not designed to behave this way, instead, it was influenced by the historical data (数据) favoring men. Similarly, a recent study found that lending algorithms (算法) often offer less favorable terms to colored people, worsening long-standing unfairness in money-lending business. In both cases, AI isn’t creating new biases (偏见), it is mirroring the ones that are already present. These reflections (反映) give us an important chance to take a close look at ourselves. By making these problems seen and more pressing, AI challenges us to recognize and address what causes algorithmic bias. As AI continues to develop, we must ask ourselves how we as average people want to shape its role in society. We should not only improve AI models, but also make sure that AI is developed and used responsibly. A number of companies are already taking action. They are judging the data, rules, and beliefs that shape the behavior of AI models. Still, we cannot expect the companies to do all the work. As long as AI is trained on human data, it will reflect human behavior. That means we have to think carefully about the footprints of ourselves we leave in the world. I may value privacy, but if I give it up in a heartbeat to visit a website, the algorithms may make a very different judgment of what I really want and what is good for me. If I want meaningful human connections yet spend more time on social media and less time in the physical company of my friends, I am indirectly training AI models about the true nature of humanity. As AI becomes more powerful, we need to take increasing care to read our principles (原则) into the record of our actions rather than allowing the two to diverge. Recognizing this allows us to make better decisions, but only when we are prepared to look closely and take responsibility for what we see. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．AI Isn’t the Problem; We Are B．AI: A Tool to Reshape Our Society C．More Open algorithms for Better AI? D．Building Trust in Human-AI Relationships 【答案】A 【解析】 步骤1：通读全文，梳理核心论点 1. 首段：引出话题——人们热议AI对社会的重塑，但忽略了关键问题：我们如何塑造AI，以及AI反映出的人类自身问题。 2. 第二段：用两个例子（企业AI招聘工具歧视女性、贷款算法对有色人种不公）论证核心：AI不会产生新偏见，只是映射人类已有的偏见。 3. 第三段：指出AI的映射作用给人类提供了反思机会，人类需负责地开发和使用AI。 4. 第四段：强调企业的行动不够，普通人的行为也会影响AI（如隐私泄露、沉迷社交媒体），因为AI是基于人类数据训练的。 5. 尾段：总结观点——人类需让自身行为符合价值观，对AI反映出的问题负责。 全文核心论点：AI的问题本质上是人类自身的问题，人类的规则、数据、行为决定了AI的表现，人类需对AI的影响负责。 步骤2：逐一分析选项，匹配核心论点 首先看选项A“AI Isn’t the Problem; We Are”，该选项直接对应全文核心，既点明了AI的偏见等问题不是AI本身造成的，又强调了人类的规则、数据和行为才是根源，涵盖了首段的核心疑问、中间的举例论证和尾段的总结呼吁，完全贴合全文主旨。 再看选项B“AI: A Tool to Reshape Our Society”，它仅对应首段开头的现象描述，是文章引出话题的引子，并非全文的核心论点。全文重点不是“AI如何重塑社会”，而是“人类如何塑造AI”，属于仅概括局部信息，不符合主旨。 选项C“More Open algorithms for Better AI?”，全文自始至终未提及“开放算法”这一概念，属于无中生有，与文章内容毫无关联，可直接排除。 选项D“Building Trust in Human-AI Relationships”，文章并未围绕“建立人类与AI的信任关系”展开论述，核心话题是“人类对AI的影响及责任”，该选项偏离主旨，不符合要求。 步骤3：验证最优选项 标题题需满足两个核心条件：① 概括性，即能覆盖全文内容，而非局部段落；② 精准性，即能贴合作者的核心论点和态度。选项A同时满足这两个条件，既明确了“AI不是问题根源”，又突出了“人类才是问题关键”，完美匹配全文的论证逻辑，是最恰当的标题。 考点四 推理判断题 （一）解题步骤 1.立足原文内容进行推理，不主观臆断，确保推理有依据； 2.重点关注情态动词（may、might、could 等）和转折词（but、however、yet 等）后的内容，这些部分常为推理关键； 3.排除与原文直接表述一致的选项，推理题答案需是原文隐含的观点或结论，而非原文直接陈述的内容。 （二）考情分析 议论文推理题侧重考查作者的隐含态度或观点的延伸，北京中考这类题型不考查“无中生有”的推理，所有答案必须基于原文内容。其中，转折词后往往是作者的真实观点，情态动词后则是推测性内容，这两类句式都是推理题的核心解题突破口，需重点分析。 （三）典型示例 原文为“Many people think online courses are convenient, but they ignore the lack of face-to-face communication.”，推理题题干为“What can we infer from the sentence?”。 解析：转折词 but 后的内容是重点，作者指出人们忽略了在线课程缺乏面对面交流这一问题，由此可推理得出“作者认为在线课程存在不足”，对应正确选项“The author thinks online courses have a disadvantage.”。 避坑指南 1.避免过度推理，即使选项内容符合常识，若原文未提及相关依据，也不能作为正确答案； 2.明确“直接表述≠推理”，若选项与原文内容完全一致，仅为原文的重复陈述，不属于推理题的正确答案。 1.（2025·北京·中考真题） Every AI model we develop mirrors our rules and expresses our beliefs. A few years ago, while looking for new workers, a famous company gave up an AI-powered tool after finding it unfavorable to women. The AI was not designed to behave this way, instead, it was influenced by the historical data (数据) favoring men. Similarly, a recent study found that lending algorithms (算法) often offer less favorable terms to colored people, worsening long-standing unfairness in money-lending business. In both cases, AI isn’t creating new biases (偏见), it is mirroring the ones that are already present. Why does the writer introduce the two examples in Paragraph 2? A．To suggest a solution. B．To stress a difference. C．To challenge a practice. D．To support a viewpoint. 【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“In both cases, AI isn’t creating new biases (偏见), it is mirroring the ones that are already present.”可知，作者认为AI并没有创造新的偏见，而是反映了已经存在的偏见。第二段中提到的招聘时由AI驱动的工具对女性更不利，贷款算法对有色人种更为不利，这两个例子印证了作者的观点，是为了支持“AI反映人类社会偏见”这一观点。故选D。 2.（2024·北京·中考真题） Almost everyone has experienced the feeling of discomfort when their actions do not agree with their inner values. A man, for example, values work-life balance yet works 80 hours every week, caring little about his own health and family. Another example is a boy who holds his parents’ love dear but gets angry at them in a moment of stress; or a woman who hopes to live healthily but gives in to the attraction of fast food during moments of weakness. Why does the writer use the examples in Paragraph 1? A．To stress an unavoidable need. B．To show a result of the wrong values. C．To describe a common human experience. D．To introduce a change in people’s relationships. 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。通读第一段可知，本段第一句提出了一个观点：几乎每个人都会经历实际行动违背内心价值观带来的不适感，下文列举了三个具体的例子。由此可推知，作者在第一段中举例子是为了具体描述这种普遍的人类经历。故选C。 3.（2024·北京·中考真题） Recognizing and addressing these behaviors can provide a possibility of change. By looking into the causes of our behaviors, we can begin to understand our actions more easily and work toward sticking to our beliefs. Research supports the idea that recognizing this disagreement, together with mindfulness and open communication, can help with this process. These methods help us slow down, reflect (反思), and choose behaviors that follow our values more closely, even in the face of old habits or immediate needs. Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Discomfort forces us to give up our beliefs. B．Our behaviors weaken our understandings of life. C．Open communication makes it possible for us to change. D．Keeping silent allows us time to live up to our standards. 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。通读第三段尤其是第三句“Research supports the idea that recognizing this disagreement, together with mindfulness and open communication, can help with this process.”可知，作者认为意识到这种分歧，再加上保持警觉，进行坦诚的沟通，可以使人们发生改变。故选C。 Passage 1 （2021·北京·中考真题） Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种). Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt(适应) , progress and raise itself above and beyond other species. Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for example, hunting(打猎) . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons(武器) is related to that adaptation-from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied. The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood.  Just as snails carry their shells, so do we bring along our culture.  However, culture is also passed on among people of the same time or among people belonging to different populations.  We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speak that language. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Culture belongs to human nature. B．Nature teaches humans how to adapt. C．Humans are supposed to be well organized. D．Education pushes the human species to progress. 2．Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3? A．To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits. B．To stress the importance of tools in humans’ struggle for life. C．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment. D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons. 3．The word “transmission” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．system B．spread C．start D．spirit 4．What is the writer’s opinion on the nature-culture relationship? A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced. B．Culture depends much on nature to progress. C．Nature and culture are different but connected. D．Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【分析】本文是一篇议论文，自然和文化常常被视为对立的观点，但是人类发展的研究表明，文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分。生物的发展和文化的发展是紧密相连的，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。 1．段落大意题。根据“Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争) against human nature.”和“Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures”可知，人们把教育的过程看作是一场与人性的斗争，教育把文化作为一种方式，让我们摆脱最广泛的天性。所以本段想说明教育推动人类进步。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“Consider, for example, hunting(打猎) . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits.”可知，打猎似乎是一种适应，使人类能够进入新的和不同的地区，打开改变生活习惯的机会。文章提到打猎是为了展示文化是如何随着人类适应环境而发展的。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。分析“The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shells, so do we bring along our culture.”可知，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。就像蜗牛带着它们的壳一样，我们也带着我们的文化。所以此处transmission的意思是“传播”，故选B。 4．观点态度题。根据“Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种).”可知，作者认为文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分，作者认为自然和文化之间是对立且密切联系的。故选C。 Passage 2 （2025·北京朝阳·二模）If you’re thinking about what job you want in the future, it’s likely you’ve heard this one before: “Just do what you enjoy!” In today’s world, making money isn’t easy no matter what you do, so why not do something you truly enjoy? That may sound like a smart plan: You move somewhere with a low cost of living, and even if the thing you love doesn’t make much money, you can still live well. But in reality, things aren’t that simple. Passion (热情) alone can’t always carry you through. Doing the job you love can bring you great feelings when life is easy and you are in a cheerful state. However, things can go wrong when you feel tired, feel lonely or get sick. Passion alone may not be enough. At those times, you may begin to ask yourself: “Is this really the right life for me?” Thinking about the job opportunities you passed by, you might even wonder if giving up that better job you could have had was a smart choice. I completely understand how that feels. As a writer, I truly enjoy my work. But there are days—like today—when it’s outside, I haven’t slept well, and all I want is to stay in bed. Still, even when I don’t feel like it, I still sit down and write. Why? Because passion isn’t the only thing that drives me. I also have a sense of purpose. I know that my writing helps people, and that keeps me going—even when passion fades. Actually, I have been through it many times—when I sit at my desk, staring (盯着) at the empty screen, feeling lost or tired. Writing doesn’t always feel fun. But because I have a purpose, I get through it every time. Over time, I’ve learned that passion makes you excited at first, but purpose helps you keep going when things get hard. If you know your work helps others, even in a small way, it feels more meaningful. To find your purpose, you need to try different things. Do different jobs, talk to new people, explore new places, and see what makes you feel happy and useful. You don’t need to know all the answers right now, but you do need to keep learning and keep exploring. One day, you may find the place where your passion and your purpose come together. And when that happens, I hope you build a life and a job that you truly enjoy. 1.You will most probably enjoy your work in the long run if you ________. A．move to a place with an affordable cost of living B．choose a job that makes you feel excited every day C．enjoy your work while knowing why it matters to you D．follow your heart without caring about others’ opinions 2.What does the word “fades” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Grows slowly. B．Becomes weaker. C．Moves quickly. D．Stays the same. 3.What do you know about passion and purpose from the passage? A．Purpose usually comes before passion in jobs. B．Purpose is the key for people to lead a rich life. C．People make a smart plan with purpose and passion. D．People need purpose more than passion at hard times. 4.What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show how people can find their purpose in jobs. B．To explain why passion alone is not enough at work. C．To compare different ways of choosing jobs in modern times. D．To introduce the challenge of making good job choices in life. 【答案】1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B 【导语】本文主要通过个人经历和说理，指出职业选择需平衡热情与目的，尤其在困难时期，目的感是持续的动力。 1.细节理解题。根据“I’ve learned that passion makes you excited at first, but purpose helps you keep going when things get hard.”和“One day, you may find the place where your passion and your purpose come together. And when that happens, I hope you build a life and a job that you truly enjoy.”可知，此处说明如果工作能同时满足激情和目标才能让人真正长期享受。故选C。 2.词句猜测题。根据“I know that my writing helps people, and that keeps me going—even when passion fades.”可知，我知道我的写作帮助了人们，这让我继续下去——即使激情消失了，故fade意为“消失”与选项B“变得更弱”意思相同。故选B。 3.推理判断题。根据“Over time, I’ve learned that passion makes you excited at first, but purpose helps you keep going when things get hard.”可推知，此处强调困难时期目标更重要。故选D。 4.主旨大意题。根据“Passion (热情) alone can’t always carry you through.”和“Passion alone may not be enough.”及通读全文可知，全文围绕“仅凭热情不足，需结合目标感”展开，选项B“解释在工作中为何仅靠热情是不够的。”准确概括主旨。故选B。 Passage 3 （2025·北京海淀·二模）Do we use technology, or does it use us? Do our gadgets (设备) improve our lives or just make us weak and lazy? These are old questions, maybe older than you think. Back in 370 BC, Socrates warned that writing could hurt memory. After all, if we write things down, do we still need to remember them? We’ve always greeted new technologies with a mixture of fascination and fear. In 1931, John Bakeless wrote that it was time to ask, “How far is the use of machines something calling for vigorous resistance; and how far is it a good thing, to which we may willingly give in?” The technology that alarmed him might seem, to us, laughably low-tech: printing machines. “It is a curious fact,” he wrote, “we have overlooked the machine’s deep influence on the human mind.” He was particularly worried about how technology was used by the media to control what people thought and talked about. For the first time, he believed, a world-wide public opinion was becoming possible. About 50 years later, as telephone answering machines became common, some people worried that machines, while useful, were encouraging self-centered thoughts and actions, resulting in social isolation (隔绝). In 2017, musician and thinker David Byrne said that social media allowed us to stay “connected” without meeting face-to-face. But he also stressed it would increase divisions by strengthening echo effects—people only hear ideas they already believe. Just last year, Will Douglas warned that AI tools would destroy children’s critical thinking skills. But maybe it’s time we pause and ask: do our fears about new technologies come to pass? Most of the time, no. Throughout history, we’ve shifted between “Wow, this is amazing!” and “It’s scary—this is going to change us in some negative way.” And then, something interesting happens—we get used to it and life goes on. Maybe the problem isn't technology at all; maybe it’s us. Technology doesn’t make us weak, lazy or foolish. It’s our fear of it that holds us back. The printing press, the telephone, and the Internet all seemed scary at first. Now, they’re just part of everyday life. If we are to ever create the ideal human society—one with enough time for art, music and science—it was unlikely we’d get it done without technology. We just need to make sure that technology serves us instead of the other way around. Just as Bakeless wrote back in 1931, “We must put the machine in its place.” 1.The words “vigorous resistance” in Paragraph 2 are closest in meaning to “________”. A．active attention B．strong opposition C．careful planning D．rapid spread 2.What is Bakeless’s opinion on the printing machines? A．They would cause a world-wide discussion. B．They were important tools for the news industry. C．They might help the media control people's minds. D．They encouraged self-centered thoughts and actions. 3.Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Socrates was right in warning about the effect of writing. B．Social media is sure to influence people in negative ways. C．AI tools have improved children's critical thinking ability. D．Worries about new technologies are actually unnecessary. 4.What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To argue that technology is harmful to humans by nature. B．To remind people not to fear technology but to use it wisely. C．To teach us to create an ideal society with modern machines. D．To show the role of technology in the development of society. 【答案】1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B 【导语】本文主要探讨了人类对新技术的恐惧与适应，通过历史案例和辩证分析，揭示技术与人类关系的本质。 1.词义猜测题。根据“We’ve always greeted new technologies with a mixture of fascination and fear.”以及“ ‘How far is the use of machines something calling for vigorous resistance; and how far is it a good thing, to which we may willingly give in?’ ”可知，我们总带着即着迷又害怕的复杂心情迎接新技术，所提出的两个问题，是对机器使用不同态度的对比，一种是需要……的；另一种是可以欣然接受的。故划线部分“vigorous resistance”意为“强烈反对”。故选B。 2.观点态度题。根据第二段“He was particularly worried about how technology was used by the media to control what people thought and talked about.”可知，Bakeless担心印刷机被媒体用来控制人们的思想。故选C。 3.推理判断题。根据第四段“Maybe the problem isn’t technology at all; maybe it’s us. Technology doesn’t make us weak, lazy or foolish. It’s our fear of it that holds us back.”可知，作者认为人们对技术的担忧大多未成真，问题在于人类自身而非技术。故选项D“新技术的担忧其实不必要”符合作者观点。故选D。 4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文通过多个历史案例说明人们对技术的恐惧常被夸大，最终呼吁正确使用技术。选项B“为了提醒人们不要害怕技术而是要智慧使用它。”最能准确概括这一目的。故选B。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解：议论文 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 3 03 考点通关·靶向突破 3 ★ 考点一 词义猜测题 4 ★ 考点二 细节理解题 6 考点三 主旨大意题 8 ★ 考点四 推理判断题 11 04 优题精选·练能提分 13 考点 课标要求 复习目标 论点判断 1.能读懂简单的说理类文章，理解作者的观点、立场和论证思路。 2.能识别议论文的论点、论据（事实论据、道理论据）和论证方法。 3.能分析段落之间的逻辑关系，判断论据与论点的关联性。 4.能对作者的观点进行评价，表达个人看法并说明理由。 1.熟练掌握议论文“论点—论据—论证”的核心框架，快速定位中心论点。 2.能准确分析论据与论点的关系，辨别不同论证方法的作用。 3.培养批判性思维，能对文章观点进行合理评价和逻辑推理。 4.提高议论文阅读的解题速度和准确率，适应中考考试要求。 论据分析‌ 论证方法 逻辑梳理 观点评价 命题预测 1.核心素养导向：未来命题会更注重思维品质考查，减少单纯的信息定位题，增加对作者观点、论证逻辑的深层推理题。 2.话题贴近现实：常选取AI发展、大数据、自我成长、幸福与成功等热点话题，体现学科育人价值。 3.题型灵活创新：可能出现“观点匹配题”“论证方法判断题”等新题型，强调对文本逻辑的整体把握。 解题锦囊 锦囊1：词义猜测题 1. 找上下文同义/反义线索 2. 借助举例、定义等解释性语句 3. 代入选项验证逻辑是否通顺 锦囊2：细节理解题 1. 定位题干关键词（人名、数字、专有名词） 2. 对比原文与选项，注意同义替换 锦囊3：主旨大意题 1. 找主题句（常位于段首/段尾） 2. 归纳各段核心，排除片面选项 3. 最佳标题需涵盖全文主旨，不夸大不缩小 锦囊4：推理判断题 1. 立足原文，不主观臆断 2. 关注情态动词（may/might）、转折词（but/however）后的内容 3. 排除与原文直接表述的选项 1. 知识梳理 （1）议论文三要素 要素 作用 常见形式 文章核心观点 常位于首段尾句或末段 支撑论点的依据 事实论据（例子、数据）、道理论据（名言、科学原理） 连接论点与论据的逻辑过程 举例论证、对比论证、因果论证 （2）易混易错点辨析 易混题型 区别点 解题关键 推理判断题VS细节理解题 推理题：原文无直接答案，需推断；细节题：原文有直接对应信息 推理题选“可能/也许”的选项，细节题选“同义替换”项 段落大意题VS主旨大意题 段落题：聚焦某一段；主旨题：覆盖全文 主旨题需包含各段共同话题 （3）速记口诀 议论阅读并不难，论点先找是关键。 论据例子和数据，论证逻辑要理清。 词义猜测看语境，推理判断不主观。 主旨标题全覆盖，细节定位关键词。 2. 议论文阅读理解通用解题步骤 1. 先题后文：读题干，标注题型（词义/细节/主旨/推理）和关键词，带着问题读文章。 2. 定位原文：议论文按“观点—论据—结论”分层，根据关键词快速找到对应段落。 3. 匹配选项：结合各题型锦囊，对比选项与原文，排除干扰项。 4. 验证答案：主旨题需通读全文验证，推理题需检查是否“立足原文”。 考点一 词义猜测题 （一）解题步骤 1.寻找上下文同义或反义线索； 2.借助举例、定义等解释性语句辅助判断； 3.将选项代入原文，验证逻辑是否通顺。 （二）考情分析 议论文中常通过同义替换（如 argue 与 put forward a view 同义）、反义对比（如 some support...while others oppose... 这类句式）来表达观点； 定义句通常以 is、means、refers to 引出，举例内容则常用 for example、for instance 衔接。 从北京中考近5年考情来看，议论文词义猜测题80%以上可通过上下文线索解题，极少单独考查纯词汇量，上下文分析是核心解题思路。 避坑指南 1.避免仅依赖单词词根词缀猜测含义，忽略上下文语境的核心作用； 2.代入选项时，需确保整句话逻辑成立，而非仅满足单词搭配合理。 一、单项选择 1．（2025·北京） As AI becomes more powerful, we need to take increasing care to read our principles (原则) into the record of our actions rather than allowing the two to diverge. Recognizing this allows us to make better decisions, but only when we are prepared to look closely and take responsibility for what we see. What does the word “diverge” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．Improve. B．Appear. C．Separate. D．Repeat. 2.（2024·北京） The key to dealing with this disagreement lies in compassion (同情) for ourselves and others. By developing a culture of openness and by understanding the challenges of aligning behaviors with beliefs, we can begin to break down what prevents us from having conversation and change. Admitting that this disagreement is a shared part of the human experience can enable us to speak openly, find support, and take necessary steps toward the agreement between our inner world and our actions. What does the word “aligning” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Matching. B．Comparing. C．Mixing. D．Confusing. 考点二 细节理解题 （一）解题步骤 1.定位题干中的关键词，包括人名、数字、专有名词、观点态度词等； 2.将原文内容与选项逐一对比，重点关注同义替换表述。 （二）考情分析 议论文细节题多考查支撑观点的论据，如调查数据、研究者或者专家引言等，同时也会涉及不同群体的观点态度。 北京中考这类题型偏爱用同义替换改写原文，例如将“do a survey among 200 students”改写为“carry out a research with 200 participants”。 关键词定位是解题核心，其中观点词（如 agree、disagree、advocate 等）也是高频定位词，需重点关注。 （三）典型示例 题干为“What does the author use the 2023 study to prove?”。 解题步骤：首先定位关键词“2023 study”；随后在原文中找到对应内容“The 2023 study shows that 65% of teens prefer reading paper books to e-books.”；最后对比选项，正确选项将原文中的“prefer...to...”替换为“like...better than...”，符合同义替换的解题逻辑。 避坑指南 1.警惕偷换概念，如原文表述为“some teens”，选项偷改为“all teens”，扩大范围； 2.注意绝对化表述，only、never、always 等词汇所在的选项多为错误选项，议论文中观点多为相对表述，极少出现绝对化结论。 1．（2025·北京朝阳·一模）In many areas of life, people compete even when it does not benefit them. Office workers stay late at work to avoid looking lazy. On social media, people feel pressured to post perfect photos. These situations all come from a problem called the theater effect, which explains why people find it hard to stop competing, even when it is unnecessary. The theater effect happens when one person tries to do better, forcing others to follow. In the end, everyone works harder, but no one truly benefits. Imagine watching a movie—if the people in front stand up, those behind must stand too. Finally, everyone is standing, but the view remains the same. According to the passage, which is probably the example of the theater effect? A．A family enjoys a quiet dinner without surfing the internet. B．A company gives praise to workers for their continual efforts. C．People set a long-term goal to exercise more for better health. D．Students sign up for more classes because others are doing so. 2.（2025·北京丰台·二模） No one wants to be seen as a liar. Liars are considered untrustworthy at best and immoral at worst. And yet, we keep lying to ourselves all the time. “I’ll enjoy this sleeve of Oreos today because my diet starts tomorrow,” I might tell myself. Or even — ironically — “I am always honest with myself.” Why does the author use the example of Oreos in Paragraph 1? A．To prove that eating snacks affects people’s dieting plans. B．To show a common form of self-deception in daily life. C．To stress the popularity of Oreos among dieters. D．To explain why lying to others is harmful. 3.（2024·北京石景山·一模）The idea is not new that the spaces we live and work in influence our feelings and behaviours. Winston Churchill noted: “We shape our buildings and then our buildings shape us.” Buildings and the city environment have been found to influence our general emotion and wellbeing. Architects (建筑师) have often been focused on their imagination and design above how a space may influence its residents (居住者). However, there are a number of architects moving in a new direction, interested in creating people-centred building designs. What do you know about architects from the passage? A．They are running out of creativity. B．Their stress needs to be considered. C．They have to take tests from time to time. D．Their design starts to focus on human feelings. 考点三 主旨大意题 （一）解题步骤 1.寻找主题句，主题句常位于段首或段尾，议论文中首段末句、末段首句是主题句的高频出现位置； 2.归纳各段落核心观点，排除片面性选项； 3.选择最佳标题时，需确保标题涵盖全文主旨，既不夸大也不缩小原文观点范围。 （二）考情分析 北京中考议论文结构清晰，多采用“总—分—总”或“总—分”结构，主题句通常包含作者的核心观点，例如“We should take action to protect the environment”这类表达观点的句子。 主旨题的干扰项多存在两种问题： 一是“以偏概全”，仅概括某一段的分论点，而非全文主旨； 二是“过度拔高”，超出原文观点范围，添加无关内容。 （三）典型示例 全文围绕“青少年应合理使用社交媒体”展开，分论点包括： ①社交媒体的弊端； ②合理使用社交媒体的方法； ③对待社交媒体的正确态度。 正确主旨应为“Teenagers should use social media properly.”。常见干扰项如“How to avoid social media”，仅围绕分论点②展开，属于片面性选项，不符合主旨要求。 避坑指南 1.不要将开头引出话题的例子当作全文主旨，例子仅为引出观点服务，并非核心主旨； 2.标题题需兼顾简洁性与概括性，议论文标题通常包含核心观点词，如 should、must、importance of 等，明确体现作者观点。 1.（2022·北京） A Pathway (路径) to Meaning in Life All the results proved our theory (假设) true. But putting it into practice can be difficult. Our fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with goals. We try to get the highest output both at work and in spare time. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. We should slow down and let life surprise us. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．It is easier for results-driven people to achieve success. B．We often turn a blind eye to the present moment. C．A fast-paced lifestyle helps us reach our goals. D．Future life will bring us many more surprises. 2.（2025·北京） People are talking a lot about artificial intelligence (AI), viewing it as a force that could reshape how society works. But there is something important missing from this discussion. It isn’t enough to ask how it will change us. We also need to understand how we shape AI and what it can tell us about ourselves. Every AI model we develop mirrors our rules and expresses our beliefs. A few years ago, while looking for new workers, a famous company gave up an AI-powered tool after finding it unfavorable to women. The AI was not designed to behave this way, instead, it was influenced by the historical data (数据) favoring men. Similarly, a recent study found that lending algorithms (算法) often offer less favorable terms to colored people, worsening long-standing unfairness in money-lending business. In both cases, AI isn’t creating new biases (偏见), it is mirroring the ones that are already present. These reflections (反映) give us an important chance to take a close look at ourselves. By making these problems seen and more pressing, AI challenges us to recognize and address what causes algorithmic bias. As AI continues to develop, we must ask ourselves how we as average people want to shape its role in society. We should not only improve AI models, but also make sure that AI is developed and used responsibly. A number of companies are already taking action. They are judging the data, rules, and beliefs that shape the behavior of AI models. Still, we cannot expect the companies to do all the work. As long as AI is trained on human data, it will reflect human behavior. That means we have to think carefully about the footprints of ourselves we leave in the world. I may value privacy, but if I give it up in a heartbeat to visit a website, the algorithms may make a very different judgment of what I really want and what is good for me. If I want meaningful human connections yet spend more time on social media and less time in the physical company of my friends, I am indirectly training AI models about the true nature of humanity. As AI becomes more powerful, we need to take increasing care to read our principles (原则) into the record of our actions rather than allowing the two to diverge. Recognizing this allows us to make better decisions, but only when we are prepared to look closely and take responsibility for what we see. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．AI Isn’t the Problem; We Are B．AI: A Tool to Reshape Our Society C．More Open algorithms for Better AI? D．Building Trust in Human-AI Relationships 考点四 推理判断题 （一）解题步骤 1.立足原文内容进行推理，不主观臆断，确保推理有依据； 2.重点关注情态动词（may、might、could 等）和转折词（but、however、yet 等）后的内容，这些部分常为推理关键； 3.排除与原文直接表述一致的选项，推理题答案需是原文隐含的观点或结论，而非原文直接陈述的内容。 （二）考情分析 议论文推理题侧重考查作者的隐含态度或观点的延伸，北京中考这类题型不考查“无中生有”的推理，所有答案必须基于原文内容。其中，转折词后往往是作者的真实观点，情态动词后则是推测性内容，这两类句式都是推理题的核心解题突破口，需重点分析。 （三）典型示例 原文为“Many people think online courses are convenient, but they ignore the lack of face-to-face communication.”，推理题题干为“What can we infer from the sentence?”。 解析：转折词 but 后的内容是重点，作者指出人们忽略了在线课程缺乏面对面交流这一问题，由此可推理得出“作者认为在线课程存在不足”，对应正确选项“The author thinks online courses have a disadvantage.”。 避坑指南 1.避免过度推理，即使选项内容符合常识，若原文未提及相关依据，也不能作为正确答案； 2.明确“直接表述≠推理”，若选项与原文内容完全一致，仅为原文的重复陈述，不属于推理题的正确答案。 1.（2025·北京·中考真题） Every AI model we develop mirrors our rules and expresses our beliefs. A few years ago, while looking for new workers, a famous company gave up an AI-powered tool after finding it unfavorable to women. The AI was not designed to behave this way, instead, it was influenced by the historical data (数据) favoring men. Similarly, a recent study found that lending algorithms (算法) often offer less favorable terms to colored people, worsening long-standing unfairness in money-lending business. In both cases, AI isn’t creating new biases (偏见), it is mirroring the ones that are already present. Why does the writer introduce the two examples in Paragraph 2? A．To suggest a solution. B．To stress a difference. C．To challenge a practice. D．To support a viewpoint. 2.（2024·北京·中考真题） Almost everyone has experienced the feeling of discomfort when their actions do not agree with their inner values. A man, for example, values work-life balance yet works 80 hours every week, caring little about his own health and family. Another example is a boy who holds his parents’ love dear but gets angry at them in a moment of stress; or a woman who hopes to live healthily but gives in to the attraction of fast food during moments of weakness. Why does the writer use the examples in Paragraph 1? A．To stress an unavoidable need. B．To show a result of the wrong values. C．To describe a common human experience. D．To introduce a change in people’s relationships. 3.（2024·北京·中考真题） Recognizing and addressing these behaviors can provide a possibility of change. By looking into the causes of our behaviors, we can begin to understand our actions more easily and work toward sticking to our beliefs. Research supports the idea that recognizing this disagreement, together with mindfulness and open communication, can help with this process. These methods help us slow down, reflect (反思), and choose behaviors that follow our values more closely, even in the face of old habits or immediate needs. Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Discomfort forces us to give up our beliefs. B．Our behaviors weaken our understandings of life. C．Open communication makes it possible for us to change. D．Keeping silent allows us time to live up to our standards. Passage 1 （2021·北京·中考真题） Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种). Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt(适应) , progress and raise itself above and beyond other species. Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for example, hunting(打猎) . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons(武器) is related to that adaptation-from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied. The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood.  Just as snails carry their shells, so do we bring along our culture.  However, culture is also passed on among people of the same time or among people belonging to different populations.  We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speak that language. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Culture belongs to human nature. B．Nature teaches humans how to adapt. C．Humans are supposed to be well organized. D．Education pushes the human species to progress. 2．Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3? A．To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits. B．To stress the importance of tools in humans’ struggle for life. C．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment. D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons. 3．The word “transmission” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．system B．spread C．start D．spirit 4．What is the writer’s opinion on the nature-culture relationship? A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced. B．Culture depends much on nature to progress. C．Nature and culture are different but connected. D．Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture. Passage 2 （2025·北京朝阳·二模）If you’re thinking about what job you want in the future, it’s likely you’ve heard this one before: “Just do what you enjoy!” In today’s world, making money isn’t easy no matter what you do, so why not do something you truly enjoy? That may sound like a smart plan: You move somewhere with a low cost of living, and even if the thing you love doesn’t make much money, you can still live well. But in reality, things aren’t that simple. Passion (热情) alone can’t always carry you through. Doing the job you love can bring you great feelings when life is easy and you are in a cheerful state. However, things can go wrong when you feel tired, feel lonely or get sick. Passion alone may not be enough. At those times, you may begin to ask yourself: “Is this really the right life for me?” Thinking about the job opportunities you passed by, you might even wonder if giving up that better job you could have had was a smart choice. I completely understand how that feels. As a writer, I truly enjoy my work. But there are days—like today—when it’s outside, I haven’t slept well, and all I want is to stay in bed. Still, even when I don’t feel like it, I still sit down and write. Why? Because passion isn’t the only thing that drives me. I also have a sense of purpose. I know that my writing helps people, and that keeps me going—even when passion fades. Actually, I have been through it many times—when I sit at my desk, staring (盯着) at the empty screen, feeling lost or tired. Writing doesn’t always feel fun. But because I have a purpose, I get through it every time. Over time, I’ve learned that passion makes you excited at first, but purpose helps you keep going when things get hard. If you know your work helps others, even in a small way, it feels more meaningful. To find your purpose, you need to try different things. Do different jobs, talk to new people, explore new places, and see what makes you feel happy and useful. You don’t need to know all the answers right now, but you do need to keep learning and keep exploring. One day, you may find the place where your passion and your purpose come together. And when that happens, I hope you build a life and a job that you truly enjoy. 1.You will most probably enjoy your work in the long run if you ________. A．move to a place with an affordable cost of living B．choose a job that makes you feel excited every day C．enjoy your work while knowing why it matters to you D．follow your heart without caring about others’ opinions 2.What does the word “fades” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Grows slowly. B．Becomes weaker. C．Moves quickly. D．Stays the same. 3.What do you know about passion and purpose from the passage? A．Purpose usually comes before passion in jobs. B．Purpose is the key for people to lead a rich life. C．People make a smart plan with purpose and passion. D．People need purpose more than passion at hard times. 4.What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show how people can find their purpose in jobs. B．To explain why passion alone is not enough at work. C．To compare different ways of choosing jobs in modern times. D．To introduce the challenge of making good job choices in life. Passage 3 （2025·北京海淀·二模）Do we use technology, or does it use us? Do our gadgets (设备) improve our lives or just make us weak and lazy? These are old questions, maybe older than you think. Back in 370 BC, Socrates warned that writing could hurt memory. After all, if we write things down, do we still need to remember them? We’ve always greeted new technologies with a mixture of fascination and fear. In 1931, John Bakeless wrote that it was time to ask, “How far is the use of machines something calling for vigorous resistance; and how far is it a good thing, to which we may willingly give in?” The technology that alarmed him might seem, to us, laughably low-tech: printing machines. “It is a curious fact,” he wrote, “we have overlooked the machine’s deep influence on the human mind.” He was particularly worried about how technology was used by the media to control what people thought and talked about. For the first time, he believed, a world-wide public opinion was becoming possible. About 50 years later, as telephone answering machines became common, some people worried that machines, while useful, were encouraging self-centered thoughts and actions, resulting in social isolation (隔绝). In 2017, musician and thinker David Byrne said that social media allowed us to stay “connected” without meeting face-to-face. But he also stressed it would increase divisions by strengthening echo effects—people only hear ideas they already believe. Just last year, Will Douglas warned that AI tools would destroy children’s critical thinking skills. But maybe it’s time we pause and ask: do our fears about new technologies come to pass? Most of the time, no. Throughout history, we’ve shifted between “Wow, this is amazing!” and “It’s scary—this is going to change us in some negative way.” And then, something interesting happens—we get used to it and life goes on. Maybe the problem isn't technology at all; maybe it’s us. Technology doesn’t make us weak, lazy or foolish. It’s our fear of it that holds us back. The printing press, the telephone, and the Internet all seemed scary at first. Now, they’re just part of everyday life. If we are to ever create the ideal human society—one with enough time for art, music and science—it was unlikely we’d get it done without technology. We just need to make sure that technology serves us instead of the other way around. Just as Bakeless wrote back in 1931, “We must put the machine in its place.” 1.The words “vigorous resistance” in Paragraph 2 are closest in meaning to “________”. A．active attention B．strong opposition C．careful planning D．rapid spread 2.What is Bakeless’s opinion on the printing machines? A．They would cause a world-wide discussion. B．They were important tools for the news industry. C．They might help the media control people's minds. D．They encouraged self-centered thoughts and actions. 3.Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Socrates was right in warning about the effect of writing. B．Social media is sure to influence people in negative ways. C．AI tools have improved children's critical thinking ability. D．Worries about new technologies are actually unnecessary. 4.What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To argue that technology is harmful to humans by nature. B．To remind people not to fear technology but to use it wisely. C．To teach us to create an ideal society with modern machines. D．To show the role of technology in the development of society. 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $