第03讲 Unit 3 Make it happen!（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习讲义）新八年级英语新教材外研版

第03讲 Unit3 Make it happen! （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 词汇：掌握 artificial、invent、invention、inventor、curiosity、pioneer、fail、explore 等核心词，熟记 build...out of、lend a hand、work on、hit on、blow sb away、for free、what’s worse 等必考短语，能在发明、好奇心主题语境灵活运用。 2. 句型：吃透 out、enough、What 感叹句、It blew me away、must lend a hand 等课文重点句式，复述 Easton 造假肢、富兰克林风筝实验、万户飞天、张衡发明地动仪课文关键句。 3. 语法：不定式 (to do) 和动名词 (doing) 作宾语（本单元核心语法），分清只接 to do、只接 doing、两者含义不同的三类动词；辨析 spend/cost/pay/take、enough 用法。 4. 输出：能撰写好奇心主题小短文，制作发明介绍海报。 学习重点 1. 高频短语：build out of、lend a hand、work on、hit on、for free、what’s worse 语境辨析； 2. 语法：to do/doing 作宾语分类、spend/cost/pay/take、enough 位置用法； 3. 写作：围绕 curiosity 举例写发明类小短文。 学习难点 1.remember/forget/stop/try 接 to do/doing 词义区分； 2.cost 主语为物、spend 主语为人的用法区别； 3. 英文发明主题段落组织。 1. It was a robotic arm. He built it out of plastic blocks and fishing line.(P36) 这是一只机械手臂，他用塑料积木和鱼线制作而成。 【详解】 1）build sth out of… 固定短语，意为 “用…… 制作某物”，out of 后接制作的原材料。 例：I built a small box out of cardboard. 2）block n. 积木，块状物；可数名词，复数 blocks。 例：Children use wooden blocks to build houses. 3）fishing line 固定名词搭配，意为鱼线，不可数短语。 例：My dad buys new fishing line before going fishing. 【典例】She built a toy plane ______ waste paper. A. out B. out of C. from 【答案】B 【解析】句意：她用废纸做了一架玩具飞机。考查固定短语 build sth out of 的用法。A 选项 out 为副词，不能直接连接名词；B 选项 out of 是固定搭配，后接制作原料；C 选项 from 多用于 be made from（看不出原材料），不搭配 build。根据固定词组用法，故选 B。 【即练 1】We build a model car ______ wood.(介词填空) 【答案】out of 【解析】句意：我们用木头做了一辆汽车模型。本题考查固定短语 build…out of，该词组表示用某种原材料制作物品，因此填 out of。 【即练 2】There are many wooden ______ on the desk for kids to build toys.(词形变换) 【答案】blocks 【解析】句意：桌上有许多木积木供孩子们搭建玩具。many 后接可数名词复数，block 复数形式为 blocks，故填 blocks。 2. She was born without an arm.(P36) 她天生缺少一只手臂。 【详解】 1）be born without… 固定搭配，天生缺少……；without 是介词，后接名词、动名词。 例：The dog was born without a tail. 2）be born + 形容词 / 介词短语，表天生具备某种特征。 例：He was born with good hearing. 3）without 介词，表没有，否定含义，不能替换 no/not。 例：I go to school without breakfast. 【典例】The little boy was born ______ any fingers on his left hand. A. without B. no C. not 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这个小男孩左手天生没有手指。考查介词 without 用法。A 选项 without 是介词，后可直接接名词；B 选项 no 是限定词，后面需要搭配名词，不能放在 be born 后；C 选项 not 是副词，不能直接连用。结合语法规则，故选 A。 【即练 1】He went out without ______(take) an umbrella.(变形) 【答案】taking 【解析】句意：他没带伞就出门。介词后面需要使用动名词形式，without 为介词，所以 take 变为 taking。 【即练 2】Most people are born ______ good eyesight, but they don’t protect it.(介词填空) 【答案】with 【解析】句意：大多数人天生视力很好，却不懂得保护。固定搭配 be born with 表示天生具备某种特质，故填 with。 3. What's worse, children like her grow quickly and need new arms all the time.(P36) 更糟糕的是，像她这样的孩子长得很快，一直需要更换新假肢。 【详解】 1）what’s worse 插入语，放句首加逗号，引出更糟糕的事情。 例：It rained heavily. What’s worse, I missed the last bus. 2）all the time 固定短语，一直、总是，等同于 always。 例：My little brother watches cartoons all the time. 【典例】It is cold. ______, we have no warm clothes. A. What’s more B. What’s worse C. At last 【答案】B 【解析】句意：天气很冷，更糟的是我们没有厚衣服。考查短语辨析。A 选项 What’s more 表示此外、补充好事；B 选项 What’s worse 用来引出不利的坏情况；C 选项 At last 意为最后，表时间。前后都是坏境遇，故选 B。 【即练 1】It rained heavily. ______(bad), I forgot my raincoat.(变形，句首大写) 【答案】What’s worse 【解析】句意：大雨滂沱，更糟的是我忘带雨衣。固定短语 What’s worse 表示更糟糕的是，句首首字母大写，为固定用法。 【即练 2】The little girl asks questions ______ when she is curious.(同义替换填空) 【答案】all the time 【解析】句意：这个小女孩好奇的时候总会不停提问。all the time 为固定短语，含义等同于 always，表示一直、总是，故填 all the time。 4. It blew me away! I built my arm for only $300.(P37) 这让我大吃一惊！我造的假肢只花了 300 美元。 【详解】 1）blow sb away 固定短语，使某人震惊；不规则变化 blow→blew→blown。 例：The wonderful show blew all visitors away. 2）for + 具体金额，固定搭配，花费多少钱。 例：I bought a pen for ten yuan. 【典例】The wonderful design ______ all the visitors away. A. blow B. blows C. blowing 【答案】B 【解析】句意：绝妙的设计让所有参观者大为惊叹。考查一般现在时主谓一致。A 选项 blow 动词原形，主语单数不能用；B 选项 blows 是动词三单；C 选项 blowing 是非谓语，不能单独作谓语。主语 design 为单数名词，谓语动词用三单，故选 B。 【即练 1】The news blew ______(we) away.(宾格) 【答案】us 【解析】句意：这个消息让我们很震惊。动词后面用人称代词宾格形式，we 的宾格是 us。 【即练 2】He bought a simple robotic arm ______ 200 dollars last year.(介词填空) 【答案】for 【解析】句意：他去年花 200 美元买了一款简易机械手臂。固定搭配 for + 具体金额，表示花费多少钱，故填 for。 5. I must lend a hand to people like her.(P37) 我一定要帮助像她一样的人。 【详解】 1）must 情态动词，后接动词原形，无人称和时态变化。 例：You must finish your homework on time. 2）lend a hand to sb=help sb，帮助某人。 例：I always lend a hand to my classmates in trouble. 3）lend 借出（往外给）；borrow 借入（从别人拿）。 例：Can you lend me your ruler? I borrow books every week. 【典例】We must ______ poor disabled kids. A. to help B. help C. helping 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们必须帮助贫困残疾儿童。考查情态动词用法。A 选项 to help 不定式不能放在 must 后；B 选项动词原形；C 选项动名词形式错误。must 后只能加动词原形，故选 B。 【即练 1】I want to lend a hand ______ my deskmate.(介词) 【答案】to 【解析】句意：我想要帮助我的同桌。lend a hand to sb 是固定搭配，介词用 to。 【即练 2】Could you ______ your tool to me to fix the model?(动词辨析填空) 【答案】lend 【解析】句意：你能把你的工具借给我修模型吗？lend 表示向外借出，borrow 表示借入，本句是向外借，故填 lend。 6. He always tried to improve his work.(P37) 他一直努力改进自己的作品。 【详解】 1）try to do sth 设法、尽力做某事（不定式作宾语，本单元核心语法）。 例：I try to get up early every morning. 2）improve v. 改进、改善，及动词，后面直接加宾语。 例：I want to improve my English. 【典例】Easton tried ______ the weight of the artificial arm. A. reduce B. to reduce C. reducing 【答案】B 【解析】句意：伊斯顿设法减轻假肢重量。考查 try 固定搭配。A 选项动词原形不能直接放 try 后；B 选项 to reduce 不定式，符合 try to do；C 选项 reducing 是 try doing（试着做），不符合本句含义。本句表示尽力做，故选 B。 【即练 1】She tries ______(finish) the model every evening. 【答案】to finish 【解析】句意：她每晚都尽力做完模型。try to do sth 尽力做某事，固定搭配。 【即练 2】He works hard to ______ his robotic arm design.(动词填空) 【答案】improve 【解析】句意：他努力改良自己的机械手臂设计。to 后接动词原形，improve 意为改进、改良，贴合句意，故填 improve。 7. He enjoyed fixing problems one after another.(P37) 他喜欢接连不断地解决难题。 【详解】 1）enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事，后只能接动名词，不能接 to do。 例：She enjoys listening to soft music. 2）one after another 固定短语，一个接一个、接连。 例：The students came into the classroom one after another. 【典例】The inventor enjoys ______ new inventions in his free time. A. make B. making C. to make 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这位发明者空闲时喜欢研发新发明。考查 enjoy 固定用法。A 动词原形错误；B 动名词符合 enjoy doing；C 不定式不能搭配 enjoy。故选 B。 【即练 1】I enjoy ______(collect) model robots. 【答案】collecting 【解析】句意：我喜欢收集机器人模型。enjoy 后面固定搭配动名词，collect 变动名词 collecting。 【即练 2】New ideas came out ______ in the lab last week.(短语填空) 【答案】one after another 【解析】句意：上周实验室里源源不断涌现出新想法。one after another 表示接连、一个接一个，贴合语境，故填 one after another。 8. Finally he hit on success at age 23.(P37) 23 岁那年，他终于取得了成功。 【详解】 1）hit on sth 偶然想出主意、获得成果。 例：We hit on a good plan after discussion. 2）at age + 数字 = at the age of + 数字，在几岁。 例：He started drawing at age seven. 【典例】We hit ______ a great plan after discussion. A. in B. on C. at 【答案】B 【解析】句意：讨论后我们想出了绝佳方案。考查固定词组 hit on。A in、at 无法搭配该短语，只有 on 符合固定用法，故选 B。 【即练 1】He found a new way and hit ______ success.(介词) 【答案】on 【解析】hit on 为固定短语，表示偶然取得（成功），填 on。 【即练 2】He began to invent small machines ______ twelve.(同义转换填空) 【答案】at age 【解析】句意：他十二岁就开始发明小型器械。at age + 数字是固定年龄表达，等同于 at the age of twelve，故填 at age。 9. His design only weighed 0.5 kilograms and cost around $500.(P37) 他的设计重仅 0.5 千克，造价大约 500 美元。 【详解】 1）cost v. 花费，主语必须是物品，过去式 cost 同原形。 例：The pen costs ten yuan. 2）around=about 大约，修饰数字。 例：It costs around 200 dollars. 拓展：spend 主语是人，spend time/money doing sth。 例：I spend an hour reading daily. 【典例】The artificial arm ______ him five hundred dollars. A. spent B. cost C. paid 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这只假肢花了他五百美元。考查花费动词辨析。A 选项 spend 主语必须是人；B 选项 cost 主语为事物；C 选项 pay 主语是人，搭配 pay for。本句主语 arm 是物品，故选 B。 【即练 1】The bike ______(cost) me 200 yuan last month.(过去式) 【答案】cost 【解析】句意：这辆自行车上个月花了我 200 元。last month 是过去时间，cost 过去式和原形一致。 【即练 2】The model robot weighs ______ one kilo, not two.(同义替换填空) 【答案】around 【解析】句意：这个机器人模型大约一公斤，不是两公斤。around 作副词修饰数字，表示大约，等同于 about，故填 around。 10. He decided to post his design online for free.(P37) 他决定免费把设计放到网上。 【详解】 1）decide to do sth 决定做某事，不定式作宾语。 例：I decide to visit my grandma this weekend. 2）for free 固定短语，免费。 例：You can get the book for free. 【典例】She decided ______ her drawing on the Internet. A. share B. to share C. sharing 【答案】B 【解析】句意：她决定在网上分享自己的画作。考查 decide 固定搭配。A 原形错误；B 不定式符合 decide to do；C 动名词不能搭配 decide。故选 B。 【即练 1】People can download these plans ______ free.(介词) 【答案】for 【解析】for free 固定短语，免费。 【即练 2】They decide ______ all their invention drawings on the website.(动词变形) 【答案】to post 【解析】句意：他们决定把所有发明图纸发布到网站上。固定搭配 decide to do sth，因此填 to post。 11. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature.(P44) 他被电深深吸引，对电的本质抱有浓厚的好奇心。 【详解】 1）be curious about=have curiosity about 对…… 好奇；curiosity (n.) 好奇；curious (adj.) 好奇的。 例：Little kids are curious about everything around them. 例：His curiosity makes him do lots of experiments. 2）be drawn to… 被…… 吸引。 例：Most kids are drawn to cartoon movies. 【典例】Kids are ______ all kinds of new things. A. curiosity B. curious about C. curiously 【答案】B 【解析】句意：孩子们对各种新鲜事物充满好奇。A 是名词不能放 be 动词后；B 形容词短语固定搭配；C 是副词不能作表语。be curious about 固定短语，故选 B。 【即练 1】His ______(curious) helps him do lots of research.(名词) 【答案】curiosity 【解析】句意：他的好奇心促使他做大量研究。形容词性物主代词后需要名词，curious 名词形式是 curiosity。 【即练 2】Lots of teenagers ______ new high-tech inventions easily.(固定短语填空) 【答案】are drawn to 【解析】句意：许多青少年很容易被全新的高科技发明吸引。固定短语 be drawn to 表示被…… 吸引，主语 teenagers 为复数，be 动词用 are，故填 are drawn to。 12. He spent years studying the sky and the earth.(P45) 他花费数年研究天地。 【详解】 1）spend + 时间 +(in) doing sth，主语必须是人，in 可省略。 例：I spend two hours doing my homework every day. 拓展：spend on + 名词。 例：She spends money on books. 【典例】Zhang Heng spent many years ______ stars. A. study B. studying C. to study 【答案】B 【解析】句意：张衡花费多年研究星体。考查 spend 用法。A 原形错误；B 动名词符合 spend doing；C 不定式不搭配 spend。故选 B。 【即练 1】I spend two hours ______(make) a small invention every weekend. 【答案】making 【解析】spend...doing 固定搭配，make 变 making。 【即练 2】He spends most of his pocket money ______ science magazines.(介词填空) 【答案】on 【解析】句意：他把大部分零花钱都花在科普杂志上。spend money on sth 表示把钱花费在某物上，介词用 on，故填 on。 13. Despite the failure, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas.(P45) 尽管失败了，但他的好奇心给后来的探索者带来灵感。 【详解】 1）despite 介词，后接名词 / 动名词，不能接完整句子。 例：Despite bad weather, we go out. 2）fail v. 失败；failure n. 失败。 例：He failed the exam. His failure makes him sad. 【典例】______ lots of difficulties, he never gives up. A. Despite B. But C. Because 【答案】A 【解析】句意：尽管困难重重，他从不放弃。A 介词后接名词；B 连词后面需要完整句子；C 表原因，语义不符。空后是名词短语，故选 A。 【即练 1】All his ______(fail) made him stronger.(名词) 【答案】failures 【解析】his 后面用名词，fail 名词 failure，此处用复数。 【即练 2】 spending little money, he finished a great robotic arm.(介词填空) 【答案】Despite 【解析】句意：尽管花费很少，他还是完成了一款出色的机械手臂。despite 是介词，后可接动名词短语，句首大写，故填 Despite。 14. He was so curious about space that he invented a "flying chair"!(P45) 他对太空如此好奇，于是发明了飞天椅！ 【详解】 1）so + 形容词 / 副词 + that… 如此…… 以至于。 例：She is so young that she can’t go to school. 2）such+a/an + 名词 + that，区分 so 和 such。 例：It is such a nice pen that I like it. 【典例】He is ______ curious that he always tries new things. A. so B. such C. very 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他好奇心很重，总尝试新事物。so 修饰形容词 curious；such 修饰名词；very 不能搭配 that 从句。so+adj+that，故选 A。 【即练 1】It was ______ an interesting invention that we all liked it.(so/such) 【答案】such 【解析】such+a/an + 形容词 + 名词 + that 固定句型。 【即练 2】The flying chair is ______ light that kids can carry it easily.(选词填空 so/such) 【答案】so 【解析】句意：这款飞天椅十分轻便，小孩子都能轻松搬动。so 用于修饰形容词 light，构成 so+adj+that 结果状语从句，故填 so。 15. Curiosity is the key. It opens one door after another for us to discover a new world.(P45) 好奇心是钥匙，它为我们开启一扇扇大门去探索新世界。 【详解】 1）the key to ……… 的关键，to 是介词。 例：Practice is the key to good grades. 2）不定式 to discover 作目的状语。 例：He goes to the shop to buy fruit. 【典例】Hard work is the key ______ success. A. to B. for C. of 【答案】A 【解析】句意：努力是成功的关键。the key to 固定搭配，介词只能用 to，故选 A。 【即练 1】We need courage ______(explore) unknown things.(不定式) 【答案】to explore 【解析】不定式作目的状语，填 to explore。 【即练 2】Constant thinking is the key ______ new inventions.(介词填空) 【答案】to 【解析】句意：持续思考是创造新发明的关键。固定搭配 the key to sth，表示…… 的关键，介词用 to，故填 to。 一、单词拼写 1. He made an a______ (人造的) arm for poor kids. 【答案】artificial 【解析】句意：他为贫困孩子制作了一只假肢。空格需要形容词修饰名词 arm，结合中文释义 “人造的”，单词为 artificial。 2. The great i______ (发明者) invented the useful machine. 【答案】inventor 【解析】句意：这位伟大的发明者发明了这台实用机器。表示人 “发明者” 用 inventor，invent 是动词发明，invention 是发明物，根据中文提示填 inventor。 3. C______ (好奇心) pushes people to make new inventions.(首字母大写) 【答案】Curiosity 【解析】句意：好奇心促使人们创造新发明。本空在句首作主语，需要名词，首字母大写，curiosity 好奇心。 4. He f______ (失败) many times but never gave up.(过去式) 【答案】failed 【解析】句意：他失败很多次却从未放弃。并列动词 gave 为一般过去式，fail 也要使用过去式 failed。 5. We can get these design plans f______ (免费) online. 【答案】free 【解析】句意：我们能在网上免费获取这些设计方案。for free 固定短语，本空填 free。 二、单项选择 1. Easton decided ______ his invention on the Internet. A. post B. to post C. posting 【答案】B 【解析】句意：伊斯顿决定在网上发布他的发明。考查 decide 的固定搭配。A 选项动词原形，decide 后不能直接加原形；B 选项不定式，符合 decide to do sth（决定做某事）；C 动名词不与 decide 搭配。根据固定用法，故选 B。 2. My father enjoys ______ small old things in his free time. A. fix B. fixing C. to fix 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我爸爸空闲时喜欢修理老旧小物件。考查 enjoy 固定用法。A 原形错误；B 动名词，enjoy doing 为固定搭配；C 不定式不能接在 enjoy 后。故选 B。 3. The new robot ______ me 600 yuan last week. A. spent B. cost C. paid 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这个新机器人上周花了我 600 元。考查花费动词辨析。A spent 主语必须是人；B cost 主语是物品；C paid 搭配 pay for，主语为人。主语 robot 是事物，故选 B。 4. ______ useful invention this is! A. What a B. What an C. How 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这是一项多么有用的发明！考查感叹句。useful 辅音音素开头，不能用 an；How 后面加形容词 / 副词，不能接名词短语。what+a + 可数名词单数，故选 A。 5. I remember ______ this inventor before, so I know him well. A. to meet B. meeting C. meet 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我记得以前见过这位发明者，所以很熟悉。考查 remember 用法。remember to do 记得要做（未做）；remember doing 记得做过（已做完）。本句见过是过去的事，用 doing，故选 B。 6. We want to lend a hand ______ homeless children. A. for B. to C. with 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们想要帮助无家可归的孩子。考查固定短语 lend a hand to sb，介词固定用 to，for 和 with 无此搭配，故选 B。 7. She is old enough ______ join the invention club. A. to B. for C. in 【答案】A 【解析】句意：她年龄够大，可以加入发明社团。考查 enough 固定结构 adj+enough to do，不定式符号 to，for/in 不能接动词原形，故选 A。 8. —Would you like ______ design a new cup? —Yes, I enjoy ______ creative work. A. to; making B. to; to make C. doing; make 【答案】A 【解析】句意：— 你想要设计新杯子吗？— 是的，我喜欢创造性工作。would like to do 固定搭配，enjoy doing 固定搭配。第一个空不定式，第二个动名词，故选 A。 三、用所给词适当形式填空 1. He decided ______(send) his design for free. 【答案】to send 【解析】句意：他决定免费寄出自己的设计。动词decide后固定搭配动词不定式to do作宾语，因此填to send。 2. My grandpa enjoys ______(repair) broken toys. 【答案】repairing 【解析】句意：爷爷喜欢修理坏掉的玩具。动词enjoy后只能接动名词作宾语，动词repair对应的动名词形式为repairing，因此填repairing。 3. Remember ______(take) your invention to the show tomorrow.(事情未做) 【答案】to take 【解析】句意：记得明天带上你的发明去展会。句中标注事情尚未完成，固定结构remember to do sth.表示记得要去做某事，因此填to take。 4. The toy ______(cost) me ten yuan yesterday. 【答案】cost 【解析】句意：这个玩具昨天花了我十元。yesterday是一般过去时的标志性时间词，动词cost的过去式与原形拼写一致，因此填cost。 5. Curiosity ______(drive) people to invent new things. 【答案】drives 【解析】句意：好奇心驱使人们创造新事物。主语Curiosity为不可数名词，视作第三人称单数，本句为一般现在时，谓语动词drive需变为三单形式drives，因此填drives。 四、完成句子 1. Easton built the robotic arm ______ ______ plastic blocks. 【答案】out of 【解析】句意：伊斯顿用塑料积木制作机械手臂。句中“用（原材料）制作”为解题关键，固定短语build sth. out of表示用某种材料制作某物，因此依次填out of。 2. We want to ______ ______ to disabled children. 【答案】lend a hand 【解析】句意：我们想要帮助残疾小朋友。固定搭配lend a hand to sb.意为帮助某人，want to后接动词原形，因此依次填lend a hand。 3. ______ ______ great invention it is! 【答案】What a 【解析】句意：多么了不起的一项发明啊！本句为感叹句，核心结构What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词；great以辅音音素开头，搭配不定冠词a，因此依次填What a。 4. He kept ______ the artificial arm. 【答案】working on 【解析】句意：他一直致力于改良假肢。固定结构keep doing sth.表示持续做某事，短语work on意为致力于，动词work变动名词working，因此填working on。 5. Everyone can download the drawing ______ ______. 【答案】for free 【解析】句意：所有人都能免费下载这份图纸。固定词组for free含义为免费，在句中作状语，因此依次填for free。 五、阅读理解 If a fire starts in your home, you may only have two minutes to get out. It’s important to know how to keep yourself and your family safe. One young girl, Shanya Gill, makes an important contribution (贡献) to fire safety. Shanya Gill is a 13-year-old girl from California, US. In April, 2024, she got a special invitation. She went to a US fire office to talk about fire safety. Gill made a new fire detector (探测器) and won first place at a science event in 2023. One day, the restaurant behind Gill’s house was on fire when she was in Grade 6. No one died, but some people got hurt badly. That made Gill and her family feel afraid. Gill thought it was because the restaurant’s fire detectors were not good enough. So she wanted to make a better one. After learning how to program (编程), Gill made a fire detector. It can find hot things with 97% accuracy (准确度) and tell people about them. The accuracy of other fire detectors is only about 82% to 94%. Gill doesn’t want to make money from her fire detector. She hopes everyone can use it to save lives and buildings. 1．What is important when a fire starts in your home? A．Keeping family members safe. B．Talking to fire officer. C．Making a fire detector. D．Learning how to program. 2．What is Shanya Gill? A．A student. B．An officer. C．A scientist. D．A firefighter. 3．What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph 3 refer to (指代)? A．A house. B．A hot thing. C．A restaurant. D．A fire detector. 4．Why did Gill want to make the fire detector? A．To make money. B．To learn how to program. C．To win first place. D．To help save lives and buildings. 5．From the text, we can know that ________. A．Gill will sell her fire detector at a high price (价格) B．the accuracy of Gill’s fire detector is better than that of others C．Gill’s family caused the fire at the restaurant behind her house D．Gill didn’t like other fire detectors because they were too expensive 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了13岁女孩Shanya Gill为消防安全做出的重要贡献，她发明了一款准确度更高的火灾探测器，并希望用它来拯救生命和建筑。 【解析】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It’s important to know how to keep yourself and your family safe.”可知，当家里发生火灾时，重要的是要知道如何保护自己和家人的安全。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One day, the restaurant behind Gill’s house was on fire when she was in Grade 6.”可知，当Gill上六年级时，她家后面的餐馆着火了，由此可知，Gill是一名学生。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Gill thought it was because the restaurant’s fire detectors were not good enough. So she wanted to make a better one.”可知，Gill认为餐馆的火灾探测器不够好，所以她想做一个更好的，由此可知，此处“one”指代的是火灾探测器。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Gill doesn’t want to make money from her fire detector. She hopes everyone can use it to save lives and buildings.”可知，Gill不想从她的火灾探测器中赚钱，她希望每个人都能用它来拯救生命和建筑。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It can find hot things with 97% accuracy (准确度) and tell people about them. The accuracy of other fire detectors is only about 82% to 94%.”可知，Gill的火灾探测器能以97%的准确度发现热的东西并告诉人们，而其他火灾探测器的准确度只有82%到94%，由此可知，Gill的火灾探测器的准确度比其他的高。故选B。 六、完形填空 Great inventions change the world. They help people live a 1 life. The following are three of the most important 2 in history. The wheel The wheel is perhaps the greatest invention in history. 3 it was invented, travelling became faster and more comfortable. A few thousand years ago, people started to use wheels on 4 . In the early 19th century, the first trains began to carry passengers. At the start of the 20th century, cars became popular. 5 the wheel, we would not have these inventions. The telephone Alexander Graham Bell invented one of the first 6 telephones in 1876. Since then, people have been able to 7 each other over long distances. Today, millions of people across the world own mobile phones. They 8 people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere. The light bulb Thomas Edison 9 the first practical light bulb in 1879. Before the invention of the light bulb, people had to use oil lamps, gas lamps or 10 to see at night. With light bulbs, people can do as many things in the evening as they can in the daytime. Can you imagine living without them? 1．A．best B．worst C．better D．worse 2．A．inventors B．inventions C．wheels D．telephones 3．A．Before B．Since C．After D．Though 4．A．buses B．cars C．carriages D．trains 5．A．Without B．With C．By D．To 6．A．expensive B．terrible C．practical D．boring 7．A．argue with B．wait for C．talk to D．agree with 8．A．stop B．protect C．avoid D．allow 9．A．thought B．found C．imagined D．developed 10．A．lamps B．bulbs C．candles D．electricity 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．C 8．D 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了历史上最重要的三项发明：轮子、电话和灯泡。 【解析】1．句意：它们帮助人们过上更好的生活。 best最好的，形容词最高级；worst最差的，形容词最高级；better更好的，形容词比较级；worse更差的，形容词比较级。根据“They help people live a... life.”可知，发明帮助人们过上更好的生活，含比较之意。故选C。 2．句意：以下是历史上最重要的三项发明。 inventors发明家；inventions发明；wheels轮子；telephones电话，根据“The wheel”、“The telephone”和“The light bulb”可知，此处指发明。故选B。 3．句意：它被发明后，旅行变得更快、更舒适。 Before在……之前；Since自从；After在……之后；Though虽然，尽管。根据“... it was invented, travelling became faster and more comfortable.”可知，轮子被发明之后，旅行变得更快、更舒适，After引导时间状语从句；Since需搭配完成时，此处主句是过去时。故选C。 4．句意：几千年前，人们开始在马车上使用轮子。 buses公交车；cars汽车；carriages四轮马车；trains火车。根据“A few thousand years ago,”可知，几千年前的交通工具应该是马车。故选C。 5．句意：没有轮子，我们就不会有这些发明。 Without没有；With具有；By通过；To到。根据“... the wheel, we would not have these inventions.”可知，此处指没有轮子就不会有这些发明，Without表否定条件。故选A。 6．句意：亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年发明了最早的实用电话之一。 expensive昂贵的；terrible可怕的；practical实用的；boring无聊的。根据“telephones”和下文可知，电话是实用的。故选C。 7．句意：从那时起，人们就可以远距离交谈了。 argue with争论；wait for等待；talk to交谈；agree with同意。根据上文可知，电话被发明了，所以此处指用电话交谈。故选C。 8．句意：它们允许人们随时随地保持联系。 stop停止；protect保护；avoid避免；allow允许。分析句子可知，They指代手机，此处指手机允许人们随时随地保持联系；allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”。故选D。 9．句意：托马斯·爱迪生在1879年研发了第一个实用的灯泡。 thought认为；found找到；imagined想象；developed研发。根据“Thomas Edison... the first practical light bulb in 1879.”可知，此处指爱迪生研发了第一个实用的灯泡。故选D。 10．句意：在灯泡发明之前，人们不得不使用油灯、煤气灯或蜡烛在晚上看东西。 lamps灯；bulbs灯泡；candles蜡烛；electricity电。根据“Before the invention of the light bulb, people had to use oil lamps, gas lamps or... to see at night.”并结合实际可知，在灯泡发明之前，人们使用油灯、煤气灯或蜡烛。故选C。 15 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第03讲 Unit3 Make it happen! （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 词汇：掌握 artificial、invent、invention、inventor、curiosity、pioneer、fail、explore 等核心词，熟记 build...out of、lend a hand、work on、hit on、blow sb away、for free、what’s worse 等必考短语，能在发明、好奇心主题语境灵活运用。 2. 句型：吃透 out、enough、What 感叹句、It blew me away、must lend a hand 等课文重点句式，复述 Easton 造假肢、富兰克林风筝实验、万户飞天、张衡发明地动仪课文关键句。 3. 语法：不定式 (to do) 和动名词 (doing) 作宾语（本单元核心语法），分清只接 to do、只接 doing、两者含义不同的三类动词；辨析 spend/cost/pay/take、enough 用法。 4. 输出：能撰写好奇心主题小短文，制作发明介绍海报。 学习重点 1. 高频短语：build out of、lend a hand、work on、hit on、for free、what’s worse 语境辨析； 2. 语法：to do/doing 作宾语分类、spend/cost/pay/take、enough 位置用法； 3. 写作：围绕 curiosity 举例写发明类小短文。 学习难点 1.remember/forget/stop/try 接 to do/doing 词义区分； 2.cost 主语为物、spend 主语为人的用法区别； 3. 英文发明主题段落组织。 1. It was a robotic arm. He built it out of plastic blocks and fishing line.(P36) 这是一只机械手臂，他用塑料积木和鱼线制作而成。 【详解】 1）build sth out of… 固定短语，意为 “用…… 制作某物”，out of 后接制作的原材料。 例：I built a small box out of cardboard. 2）block n. 积木，块状物；可数名词，复数 blocks。 例：Children use wooden blocks to build houses. 3）fishing line 固定名词搭配，意为鱼线，不可数短语。 例：My dad buys new fishing line before going fishing. 【典例】She built a toy plane ______ waste paper. A. out B. out of C. from 【即练 1】We build a model car ______ wood.(介词填空) 【解析】句意：我们用木头做了一辆汽车模型。本题考查固定短语 build…out of，该词组表示用某种原材料制作物品，因此填 out of。 【即练 2】There are many wooden ______ on the desk for kids to build toys.(词形变换) 【解析】句意：桌上有许多木积木供孩子们搭建玩具。many 后接可数名词复数，block 复数形式为 blocks，故填 blocks。 2. She was born without an arm.(P36) 她天生缺少一只手臂。 【详解】 1）be born without… 固定搭配，天生缺少……；without 是介词，后接名词、动名词。 例：The dog was born without a tail. 2）be born + 形容词 / 介词短语，表天生具备某种特征。 例：He was born with good hearing. 3）without 介词，表没有，否定含义，不能替换 no/not。 例：I go to school without breakfast. 【典例】The little boy was born ______ any fingers on his left hand. A. without B. no C. not 【即练 1】He went out without ______(take) an umbrella.(变形) 【解析】句意：他没带伞就出门。介词后面需要使用动名词形式，without 为介词，所以 take 变为 taking。 【即练 2】Most people are born ______ good eyesight, but they don’t protect it.(介词填空) 3. What's worse, children like her grow quickly and need new arms all the time.(P36) 更糟糕的是，像她这样的孩子长得很快，一直需要更换新假肢。 【详解】 1）what’s worse 插入语，放句首加逗号，引出更糟糕的事情。 例：It rained heavily. What’s worse, I missed the last bus. 2）all the time 固定短语，一直、总是，等同于 always。 例：My little brother watches cartoons all the time. 【典例】It is cold. ______, we have no warm clothes. A. What’s more B. What’s worse C. At last 【即练 1】It rained heavily. ______(bad), I forgot my raincoat.(变形，句首大写) 【解析】句意：大雨滂沱，更糟的是我忘带雨衣。固定短语 What’s worse 表示更糟糕的是，句首首字母大写，为固定用法。 【即练 2】The little girl asks questions ______ when she is curious.(同义替换填空) 4. It blew me away! I built my arm for only $300.(P37) 这让我大吃一惊！我造的假肢只花了 300 美元。 【详解】 1）blow sb away 固定短语，使某人震惊；不规则变化 blow→blew→blown。 例：The wonderful show blew all visitors away. 2）for + 具体金额，固定搭配，花费多少钱。 例：I bought a pen for ten yuan. 【典例】The wonderful design ______ all the visitors away. A. blow B. blows C. blowing 【即练 1】The news blew ______(we) away.(宾格) 【解析】句意：这个消息让我们很震惊。动词后面用人称代词宾格形式，we 的宾格是 us。 【即练 2】He bought a simple robotic arm ______ 200 dollars last year.(介词填空) 5. I must lend a hand to people like her.(P37) 我一定要帮助像她一样的人。 【详解】 1）must 情态动词，后接动词原形，无人称和时态变化。 例：You must finish your homework on time. 2）lend a hand to sb=help sb，帮助某人。 例：I always lend a hand to my classmates in trouble. 3）lend 借出（往外给）；borrow 借入（从别人拿）。 例：Can you lend me your ruler? I borrow books every week. 【典例】We must ______ poor disabled kids. A. to help B. help C. helping 【即练 1】I want to lend a hand ______ my deskmate.(介词) 【解析】句意：我想要帮助我的同桌。lend a hand to sb 是固定搭配，介词用 to。 【即练 2】Could you ______ your tool to me to fix the model?(动词辨析填空) 【解析】句意：你能把你的工具借给我修模型吗？lend 表示向外借出，borrow 表示借入，本句是向外借，故填 lend。 6. He always tried to improve his work.(P37) 他一直努力改进自己的作品。 【详解】 1）try to do sth 设法、尽力做某事（不定式作宾语，本单元核心语法）。 例：I try to get up early every morning. 2）improve v. 改进、改善，及动词，后面直接加宾语。 例：I want to improve my English. 【典例】Easton tried ______ the weight of the artificial arm. A. reduce B. to reduce C. reducing 【即练 1】She tries ______(finish) the model every evening. 【解析】句意：她每晚都尽力做完模型。try to do sth 尽力做某事，固定搭配。 【即练 2】He works hard to ______ his robotic arm design.(动词填空) 7. He enjoyed fixing problems one after another.(P37) 他喜欢接连不断地解决难题。 【详解】 1）enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事，后只能接动名词，不能接 to do。 例：She enjoys listening to soft music. 2）one after another 固定短语，一个接一个、接连。 例：The students came into the classroom one after another. 【典例】The inventor enjoys ______ new inventions in his free time. A. make B. making C. to make 【即练 1】I enjoy ______(collect) model robots. 【解析】句意：我喜欢收集机器人模型。enjoy 后面固定搭配动名词，collect 变动名词 collecting。 【即练 2】New ideas came out ______ in the lab last week.(短语填空) 8. Finally he hit on success at age 23.(P37) 23 岁那年，他终于取得了成功。 【详解】 1）hit on sth 偶然想出主意、获得成果。 例：We hit on a good plan after discussion. 2）at age + 数字 = at the age of + 数字，在几岁。 例：He started drawing at age seven. 【典例】We hit ______ a great plan after discussion. A. in B. on C. at 【即练 1】He found a new way and hit ______ success.(介词) 【解析】hit on 为固定短语，表示偶然取得（成功），填 on。 【即练 2】He began to invent small machines ______ twelve.(同义转换填空) 9. His design only weighed 0.5 kilograms and cost around $500.(P37) 他的设计重仅 0.5 千克，造价大约 500 美元。 【详解】 1）cost v. 花费，主语必须是物品，过去式 cost 同原形。 例：The pen costs ten yuan. 2）around=about 大约，修饰数字。 例：It costs around 200 dollars. 拓展：spend 主语是人，spend time/money doing sth。 例：I spend an hour reading daily. 【典例】The artificial arm ______ him five hundred dollars. A. spent B. cost C. paid 【即练 1】The bike ______(cost) me 200 yuan last month.(过去式) 【解析】句意：这辆自行车上个月花了我 200 元。last month 是过去时间，cost 过去式和原形一致。 【即练 2】The model robot weighs ______ one kilo, not two.(同义替换填空) 10. He decided to post his design online for free.(P37) 他决定免费把设计放到网上。 【详解】 1）decide to do sth 决定做某事，不定式作宾语。 例：I decide to visit my grandma this weekend. 2）for free 固定短语，免费。 例：You can get the book for free. 【典例】She decided ______ her drawing on the Internet. A. share B. to share C. sharing 【即练 1】People can download these plans ______ free.(介词) 【解析】for free 固定短语，免费。 【即练 2】They decide ______ all their invention drawings on the website.(动词变形) 11. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature.(P44) 他被电深深吸引，对电的本质抱有浓厚的好奇心。 【详解】 1）be curious about=have curiosity about 对…… 好奇；curiosity (n.) 好奇；curious (adj.) 好奇的。 例：Little kids are curious about everything around them. 例：His curiosity makes him do lots of experiments. 2）be drawn to… 被…… 吸引。 例：Most kids are drawn to cartoon movies. 【典例】Kids are ______ all kinds of new things. A. curiosity B. curious about C. curiously 【即练 1】His ______(curious) helps him do lots of research.(名词) 【解析】句意：他的好奇心促使他做大量研究。形容词性物主代词后需要名词，curious 名词形式是 curiosity。 【即练 2】Lots of teenagers ______ new high-tech inventions easily.(固定短语填空) 12. He spent years studying the sky and the earth.(P45) 他花费数年研究天地。 【详解】 1）spend + 时间 +(in) doing sth，主语必须是人，in 可省略。 例：I spend two hours doing my homework every day. 拓展：spend on + 名词。 例：She spends money on books. 【典例】Zhang Heng spent many years ______ stars. A. study B. studying C. to study 【即练 1】I spend two hours ______(make) a small invention every weekend. 【解析】spend...doing 固定搭配，make 变 making。 【即练 2】He spends most of his pocket money ______ science magazines.(介词填空) 13. Despite the failure, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas.(P45) 尽管失败了，但他的好奇心给后来的探索者带来灵感。 【详解】 1）despite 介词，后接名词 / 动名词，不能接完整句子。 例：Despite bad weather, we go out. 2）fail v. 失败；failure n. 失败。 例：He failed the exam. His failure makes him sad. 【典例】______ lots of difficulties, he never gives up. A. Despite B. But C. Because 【即练 1】All his ______(fail) made him stronger.(名词) 【即练 2】 spending little money, he finished a great robotic arm.(介词填空) 14. He was so curious about space that he invented a "flying chair"!(P45) 他对太空如此好奇，于是发明了飞天椅！ 【详解】 1）so + 形容词 / 副词 + that… 如此…… 以至于。 例：She is so young that she can’t go to school. 2）such+a/an + 名词 + that，区分 so 和 such。 例：It is such a nice pen that I like it. 【典例】He is ______ curious that he always tries new things. A. so B. such C. very 【即练 1】It was ______ an interesting invention that we all liked it.(so/such) 【解析】such+a/an + 形容词 + 名词 + that 固定句型。 【即练 2】The flying chair is ______ light that kids can carry it easily.(选词填空 so/such) 15. Curiosity is the key. It opens one door after another for us to discover a new world.(P45) 好奇心是钥匙，它为我们开启一扇扇大门去探索新世界。 【详解】 1）the key to ……… 的关键，to 是介词。 例：Practice is the key to good grades. 2）不定式 to discover 作目的状语。 例：He goes to the shop to buy fruit. 【典例】Hard work is the key ______ success. A. to B. for C. of 【即练 1】We need courage ______(explore) unknown things.(不定式) 【即练 2】Constant thinking is the key ______ new inventions.(介词填空) 一、单词拼写 1. He made an a______ (人造的) arm for poor kids. 2. The great i______ (发明者) invented the useful machine. 3. C______ (好奇心) pushes people to make new inventions.(首字母大写) 4. He f______ (失败) many times but never gave up.(过去式) 5. We can get these design plans f______ (免费) online. 二、单项选择 1. Easton decided ______ his invention on the Internet. A. post B. to post C. posting 2. My father enjoys ______ small old things in his free time. A. fix B. fixing C. to fix 3. The new robot ______ me 600 yuan last week. A. spent B. cost C. paid 4. ______ useful invention this is! A. What a B. What an C. How 5. I remember ______ this inventor before, so I know him well. A. to meet B. meeting C. meet 6. We want to lend a hand ______ homeless children. A. for B. to C. with 7. She is old enough ______ join the invention club. A. to B. for C. in 8. —Would you like ______ design a new cup? —Yes, I enjoy ______ creative work. A. to; making B. to; to make C. doing; make 三、用所给词适当形式填空 1. He decided ______(send) his design for free. 2. My grandpa enjoys ______(repair) broken toys. 3. Remember ______(take) your invention to the show tomorrow.(事情未做) 4. The toy ______(cost) me ten yuan yesterday. 5. Curiosity ______(drive) people to invent new things. 四、完成句子 1. Easton built the robotic arm ______ ______ plastic blocks. 2. We want to ______ ______ to disabled children. 3. ______ ______ great invention it is! 4. He kept ______ the artificial arm. 5. Everyone can download the drawing ______ ______. 五、阅读理解 If a fire starts in your home, you may only have two minutes to get out. It’s important to know how to keep yourself and your family safe. One young girl, Shanya Gill, makes an important contribution (贡献) to fire safety. Shanya Gill is a 13-year-old girl from California, US. In April, 2024, she got a special invitation. She went to a US fire office to talk about fire safety. Gill made a new fire detector (探测器) and won first place at a science event in 2023. One day, the restaurant behind Gill’s house was on fire when she was in Grade 6. No one died, but some people got hurt badly. That made Gill and her family feel afraid. Gill thought it was because the restaurant’s fire detectors were not good enough. So she wanted to make a better one. After learning how to program (编程), Gill made a fire detector. It can find hot things with 97% accuracy (准确度) and tell people about them. The accuracy of other fire detectors is only about 82% to 94%. Gill doesn’t want to make money from her fire detector. She hopes everyone can use it to save lives and buildings. 1．What is important when a fire starts in your home? A．Keeping family members safe. B．Talking to fire officer. C．Making a fire detector. D．Learning how to program. 2．What is Shanya Gill? A．A student. B．An officer. C．A scientist. D．A firefighter. 3．What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph 3 refer to (指代)? A．A house. B．A hot thing. C．A restaurant. D．A fire detector. 4．Why did Gill want to make the fire detector? A．To make money. B．To learn how to program. C．To win first place. D．To help save lives and buildings. 5．From the text, we can know that ________. A．Gill will sell her fire detector at a high price (价格) B．the accuracy of Gill’s fire detector is better than that of others C．Gill’s family caused the fire at the restaurant behind her house D．Gill didn’t like other fire detectors because they were too expensive 六、完形填空 Great inventions change the world. They help people live a 1 life. The following are three of the most important 2 in history. The wheel The wheel is perhaps the greatest invention in history. 3 it was invented, travelling became faster and more comfortable. A few thousand years ago, people started to use wheels on 4 . In the early 19th century, the first trains began to carry passengers. At the start of the 20th century, cars became popular. 5 the wheel, we would not have these inventions. The telephone Alexander Graham Bell invented one of the first 6 telephones in 1876. Since then, people have been able to 7 each other over long distances. Today, millions of people across the world own mobile phones. They 8 people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere. The light bulb Thomas Edison 9 the first practical light bulb in 1879. Before the invention of the light bulb, people had to use oil lamps, gas lamps or 10 to see at night. With light bulbs, people can do as many things in the evening as they can in the daytime. Can you imagine living without them? 1．A．best B．worst C．better D．worse 2．A．inventors B．inventions C．wheels D．telephones 3．A．Before B．Since C．After D．Though 4．A．buses B．cars C．carriages D．trains 5．A．Without B．With C．By D．To 6．A．expensive B．terrible C．practical D．boring 7．A．argue with B．wait for C．talk to D．agree with 8．A．stop B．protect C．avoid D．allow 9．A．thought B．found C．imagined D．developed 10．A．lamps B．bulbs C．candles D．electricity 9 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $