Unit 5 Period 3 Learning About Language 语法精析课（教用Word）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册高中同步学案（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦句子结构核心知识点，通过“读句感悟”活动引导学生感知简单句、并列句及复合句（含名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句）的特征，再经“语法精析”系统梳理分类标准与结构规律，搭建从感知到理解的学习支架。 资料以“感知-精析-应用”为主线，先让学生自主分析例句培养思维品质，再通过分类讲解提升语言能力，配套单词拼写、语法专练等练习助力课后巩固，既辅助教师高效授课，又帮助学生查漏补缺，落实学习能力培养。

Period 3　Learning About Language　语法精析课 [素养目标] 1．Discover and understand the meaning and structure of the long sentences. 2．Try to grasp the effective ways to analyze the long sentences. 3．Attempt to understand some long and difficult sentences in reading comprehension. 4．Learn to use the methods in the following exercises and understand the sentences correctly. Activity 1　读句感悟 阅读下列句子，认真感悟加黑部分，并完成方框下的小题 1．This, however，is not always easy. 2．So try a few tests online and start thinking about your future career right now! 3．This is because your career is a very important part of who you are. 4．The top three scores are used to make a code that indicates the participant's overall work personality. 5．The best time to start thinking about possible careers is while you are still at school, before you make any choices about your further education. 6．The career you have defines your life, and so taking time to think about it is an essential exercise for young people. 1．以上句子中，句1为简单句。 2．句2为由and连接的并列句。 3．句3、句4和句5为主从复合句；在句3中，because引导的是表语从句，who引导的是宾语从句，都是名词性从句；在句4中，that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词code；句5中的while引导的是表语从句，而before引导的是状语从句。 4．句6为并列复合句，and连接的是并列句，而you have是定语从句，修饰先行词the career，引导词为关系代词that/which，在从句中作宾语，被省略。 Activity 2　语法精析 　句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 一、简单句(Simple Sentences) 简单句是只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。 He often reads English in the morning. 他经常在早上读英语。 Tom and Mike are Amencan boys. 汤姆和迈克是美国男孩。(加黑部分为并列主语，只有一个谓语，仍为简单句) She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 她喜欢画画，并且经常为墙报画画。(加黑部分为并列谓语，只有一个主语，仍为简单句) 二、并列句(Compound Sentences) (一)并列句的构成 包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。 The food was good，but he had little appetite. 食物很好，但他却没什么胃口。 One of the clock's hands is short; the other two are long. 钟表的一根指针短，另两根指针长。 (二)并列句的分类 1．并列关系and, not only...but also...，neither...nor...，both...and...，not...but...。 The boy is full of bounce and he bounces around joyfully. 这孩子充满了活力，到处蹦蹦跳跳。 Not only did they bring snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment. 他们不仅带了零食和饮料，还带了卡片来娱乐。 2．转折关系but, yet, whereas, nevertheless(但是；然而)。 John likes playing basketball, but he didn't play it yesterday. 约翰喜欢打篮球，但他昨天没打。 Jane said that she was ill, yet/but/whereas I saw her in the street just now. 简说她病了，但我刚才还在街上看见她了。 3．选择关系or, otherwise, or else, either...or...。 We must hurry，or we'll miss the train. 我们必须快点，否则会赶不上火车。 Either you come to my place or I go to yours. 或者你到我这儿来，或者我到你那儿去。 4．因果关系for，so。 We had better stay at home，for it is raining. 我们最好待在家里，因为天正在下雨。 I don't have an aptitude for maths，so I have to study it hard. 我没有数学天赋，所以我不得不努力学习。 5．对比关系while。 I want to be a real estate agent while my sister wants to be an accountant. 我想成为一名房地产经纪人，而我妹妹则想成为一名会计师。 6．祈使句＋and/or＋简单句，祈使句表示一个条件，and引导的简单句表示一个承接的结果，or引导的简单句表示一个相反的结果，简单句使用一般将来时态。 Remember the code，and you can withdraw the money in this card. 记住密码，你可以从这张卡里取出钱。 Take the flowers into a warm room, or they will die quickly. 把这些花拿到暖和的房间里去，否则它们会很快死去。 三、复合句(Complex Sentences) (一)主从复合句(Subjective and subordinate complex sentences)的结构由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫主从复合句。在主从复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。主句与从句之间用关联词连接起来。此时关联词也叫从属连词，它在主语与从句之间起连接作用。 The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。 (二)主从复合句的分类 根据从句对主句的修饰、限定和补充作用，主从复合句主要分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。 1．名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语，因此根据它，在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 从属连词：that, whether, if　(不充当从句的任何成分) 连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever 连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 what I want to know is why the detective is accused. 我想知道的是那个侦探为什么被指控。 It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。 I drew a conclusion that the entrepreneur is greedy. 我得出结论，这个企业家很贪婪。 2．定语从句 (1)定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词是先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有：who，whom，whose, that, which, as等。 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 Is he the man who/ that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的那个人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语) They rushed over to help the man whose wrist was sprained. 他们冲过去帮助那个手腕扭伤的人。(whose在此用来指人，在从句中作wrist的定语) A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appeared in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在从句中作主语) As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 正如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。(as引导非限制性定语从句，可位于主句前面) 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作时间、地点和原因状语。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。(when在从句中作状语，可替换成介词in＋which) (2)判断关系代词与关系副词 主要看从句中是否缺主语或者宾语。如果缺主语或者宾语，就要用关系代词。如果不缺主语、宾语，则用关系副词。 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这就是我去年待过的山村。(stay是不及物动词/先行词作状语) This is the mountain village which/that I visited last year. 这就是我去年拜访过的山村。(visit是及物动词/先行词作宾语) 3．状语从句 状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、形容词、副词或整个句子。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引导。按意义可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。 I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你解释了怎样去做，我才会做。(时间状语从句) Since/As the weather is so bad，we have to delay our journey. 由于天气那么糟，我们不得不推迟我们的旅程。(原因状语从句) You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须大点声，这样别人就都能听见了。(目的状语从句) He is such a young boy that he can't go to school. 这个男孩年龄太小，还不能上学。(结果状语从句) As long as we don't lose heart, we'll turn our dreams into realities. 只要我们不灰心，我们就会把梦想变成现实。(条件状语从句) Although it's raining, they are still working in the fields. 虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。(让步状语从句) (三)并列复合句(Compound Complex Sentences) 　并列复合句指并列句、复合句混合在一个句子里，或者说，一个句子里包含着多种关系：既有并列关系，又有复合关系。 I admire Tim, but he doesn't admire me，although I try hard to impress him. 我钦佩蒂姆，但他并不钦佩我，尽管我努力想给他留下深刻印象。(I admire Tim，but he doesn't admire me是并列关系，而although I try hard to impress him与but后的并列分句构成主从复合关系。) Even if you fail, at least you try, and you are a better person for it. 即便你失败了，至少你努力了，而且你是做这件事情的理想人选。(Even if you fail与at least you try构成主从复合关系，而at least you try与you are a better person for it之间又是并列关系)。 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．We shall urge humane principles and use our influence to promote justice (正义)． 2．We decided not to accuse (控告) them, so as not to cause any trouble. 3．He's a greedy (贪婪的) boy, yesterday, for instance, he ate all our biscuits! 4．I like to work with people who are honest, dedicated (奉献) to their work. 5．China is a socialist (社会主义的) country, and a developing country as well. 6．They're the entrepreneurs (创业者) of tomorrow. 7．The receptionist (接待员) recognized him at once. 8．In the following year he joined the Communist (共产主义的) Party. Ⅱ.选词填空 come to a conclusion; in common; have a great influence on; rather than; in spite of; decide on; devote...to... 1．Actually, the whole family, especially his grandparents, have_a_great_influence_on his future career. 2．Honestly speaking, it is Tom rather_than you that is to blame for the accident. 3．We can easily come_to_a_conclusion that the sharp decline of wildlife species results from population growth. 4．In_spite_of injuries, our team kept on struggling and eventually won. 5．Have the government decided_on the location of the new building yet? 6．We should focus on what we have in_common instead of emphasizing our differences. 7．Considerable resources have_been_devoted_to designing the best ad for your company since last month. Ⅲ.语法专练 1．Nowadays consumers become more and more practical and buy only what they need. 2．She'd like to offer money to whoever needs it to continue his or her study. 3．Yesterday he sold out all his stamps at what he thought was a reasonable price. 4．After three days' waiting, there was a little doubt in the mother's mind whether the police could find her lost child. 5．Our school is no longer what it was 10 years ago, when it was not well equipped. 6．Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded where other more well­informed experimenters failed. 7．You should keep those old jam bottles­you never know when you might need them. 8．What makes the school famous is that more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities. 9．As is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. 10．The road is covered with snow. I can't understand why they insist on going by motorbike. 11．That fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. 12．Whether we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $