Unit 3 Period 3 Learning About Language 语法精析课（课件PPT）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册高中同步学案（人教版）

该高中英语课件聚焦动词不定式用法，涵盖其作主语、表语等成分及时态、语态、特殊形式。课堂通过“读句感悟”活动，选取海洋探索主题句子让学生感知不定式功能，再系统讲解语法规则，搭建从语境感知到规则归纳的学习支架。 其亮点是结合单元主题语境，将语法学习与意义理解融合，提升语言能力。通过对比不定式与现在分词作结果状语等培养思维品质，分层练习（单词拼写、语法填空等）助力学习能力发展。学生能在主题中掌握语法应用，教师可依托系统资源高效教学。

Unit 3　Sea Exploration Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Period 3　Learning About Language　语法精析课 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 目录 contents 课堂·优化探究 Part 01 课时作业（十一） Part 03 随堂·达标演练 Part 02 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 课堂·优化探究 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 1 5 2 4 6 3 to do Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 随堂·达标演练 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 politics coverage tax capsule tournament Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 laptop Meanwhile applaud professions directory Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 for off/out mixture applause Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 professional manned to be seen Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 to find to reduce to be invited to Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 to make to take place/to be held Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 课时 作业 （十一） 点击进入word Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 谢谢观看 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 英语 选择性必修第四册 [素养目标] 1．Learn the usage of infinitive. 2．Consolidate the tense and voice of infinitive. 3．Master how to pick out the phrases in the passage. 4．Learn to make sentences with the intinitive. Activity 1　读句感悟 阅读下列句子，认真感悟加黑部分，并完成方框下的小题 1．To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations. 2．Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east. 3．Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures. 4．The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world. 5．Trading has grown greatly in recent years, and will continue to do so in years to come. 6．Hundreds of years on，and with the latest technology in hand, the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive to reach out across the sea far into the future. 1．以上句子中黑体部分皆用了动词不定式。动词不定式在句中可充当主语(如句_)、宾语(如句_)、宾语补足语(如句_)、表语(如句_)、定语(如句_)及目的状语(如句_)。 2．动词不定式一般式的结构为：_____。 Activity 2　语法精析 一、动词不定式的基本用法 动词不定式在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等多种成分。 1．作主语 (1)动词不定式作主语时，在很多情况下都可以用动名词替代，但表示某些具体情况，或表示较强烈的对比，或在某些固定说法中时，通常不用动名词替代。 (2)动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 To err is human. 金无足赤，人无完人。/人非圣贤，孰能无过。 To finish this job in one day is impossible. 要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。(表示具体的情况) (3)若动词不定式太长，则往往用it代替动词不定式作形式主语，不定式移至句末，以使句子结构平衡。 It is very interesting to play in the snow in winter. 冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。 2．作表语 动词不定式置于be动词后面作表语时，常表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用，其主语常常是dream，wish, idea, plan, task, purpose, aim，duty, job等表示意向、打算、职责等意义的词。 His dream is to become an astronaut. 他的梦想是成为一名宇航员。 My main task is to get this company running smoothly. 我的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。 3．作宾语 (1)有些动词后常跟不定式(而不跟动名词)作宾语，如decide, afford, agree, attempt, choose，determine, demand, expect, fail, hope, manage，offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse等。 Tina’s decided to go to Rome for her holidays. 蒂娜已决定去罗马度假。 My dad has offered to pick us up. 我爸爸主动提出开车来接我们。 (2)用于“动词＋it＋adj./n.＋动词不定式”结构中，其中it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语。能用于该结构的动词有feel, find，think, believe, consider, make等。 I find it pleasant to work with him. 我发现跟他一块儿工作令人愉快。 I think it useful to learn a foreign language. 我认为学一门外语是有用的。 4．作定语 动词不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面。动词不定式作定语的几种情况： (1)序数词、形容词最高级或the last/the only/the next等后或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。 He is the best man to do the job. 他是做这项工作的最佳人选。 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来，最后一个走。 (2)抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，opportunity, ability，promise，attempt等后常用动词不定式作定语。 Interest is as vital to learning as the ability to understand, even more so. 对于学习来说，兴趣同理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。 He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow. 他许诺明天按时来这儿。 (3) something，nothing，anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式作定语。 Do you have anything to say? 你有什么要说的吗？ (4)动词不定式作定语可表示将来的、还没发生的动作。 He said he had an important meeting to attend. 他说他有一个重要的会议要参加。 There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon. 在我们准备好长时间停留在月球上之前，还有许多问题要解决。 (5)在there be句型中，作主语的名词后可接动词不定式作定语，不定式用主动式或被动式均可，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 There is nothing to worry/to be worried about. 没什么可担心的。 5．作状语 动词不定式可用作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。 (1)作目的状语 动词不定式作目的状语时，其所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，一般放在句子后面，表示强调，也可位于句首；其前可加in order或so as，但加so as时不能放在句首。 I came here to say goodbye to you. 我来这儿是为了向你告别。 He ran fast all the way so as to/in order to catch the first bus. 他一路快速奔跑以便赶上第一班公共汽车。 In order to pass the exam，he studied hard till midnight. 为了通过考试，他努力学习到半夜。 (2)作原因状语 动词不定式常跟在作表语的形容词和过去分词之后，用来说明产生某种情绪或作出某种评价的原因。此类词有happy，lucky，surprised，sorry, glad, delighted, eager, anxious，ready, foolish, interested, careless等。 We’re quite glad to meet you here. 我们很高兴在这儿见到你。 They were very surprised to be informed of the news. 被告知这个消息他们很吃惊。 (3)作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语时往往表示意想不到的或是不愉快的结果。其前有时可以加上only以加强语气。 He got to the station only to be told the train had gone. 他到了车站，却被告知火车已经开走了。 [特别提醒]　现在分词(短语)作结果状语多表示顺其自然的结果，即句子和结果状语之间有一定的因果关系。 Jack has made great progress, making his parents very happy. 杰克取得了巨大的进步，这让他的父母很高兴。 6．作补语 (1) ask, tell, invite, get, advise, allow, want, permit, warn, order, encourage, prefer, expect, force, wish, beg等表示命令、教导、要求、意向、允许、警告等意义的动词后可接动词不定式作宾语补足语。 My teacher encouraged me to study abroad. 我的老师鼓励我出国留学。 Her parents don’t allow her to go out at night. 她父母不允许她晚上出去。 (2) believe, consider, declare, find, imagine, prove，suppose，think等表示意见、认可、判断、料想、声明等意义的动词后的宾语补足语常是“to be”或“to have been”形式。 She’s proved herself to be a very reliable worker. 她证明了自己在工作上是可靠的。 I believe him to be honest. 我相信他是诚实的。 二、动词不定式的时态 1．一般式 动词不定式的一般式(to do)所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生，或是在它之后发生。 I noticed him go out. 我看见他出去了。(notice与go out同时发生) I plan to withdraw from the club. 我打算退出这个俱乐部。(withdraw的动作在plan后发生) 2．进行式 动词不定式的进行式(to be doing)表示不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。 They are reported to be working hard. 据报道他们正努力地工作。(be reported与work同时发生) The boy pretended to be sleeping when his mother entered his bedroom. (pretend与sleep同时发生) 3．完成式 动词不定式的完成式(to have done)表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 I’m very sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time. 很抱歉让你久等了。(keep发生在be sorry前) The merchant is considered to have negotiated with that factory. 这个商人被认为已经和那家工厂协商过了。(negotiate发生在be considered之前) 三、动词不定式的语态 1．主动语态和被动语态 (1)动词不定式有主动语态和被动语态两种形式； (2)在主动语态中动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间构成主动关系； (3)在被动语态中动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间构成被动关系；有一般式to be done和完成式to have been done两种形式。 We were very excited to hear the news. 听到那则消息，我们很兴奋。 It’s a great honour for me to be invited. 我能被邀请，甚是荣幸。(me是invite动作的承受者) The teacher seems to have been told the good news. 老师似乎已被告知了这个好消息。(teacher是tell的承受者且tell发生在seem前) 2．动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 (1)动词不定式作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系，同时与句中另一名词或代词有逻辑上的主谓关系时。 We have masses of work to do today. Hurry up! 今天，我们有很多工作要做。快点儿！ (2)在“主语＋be＋性质形容词＋动词不定式”结构中。 The license is difficult to get. 许可证很难得到。 注意：此结构中，to后的动词往往和主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。 (3)动词不定式与疑问代词连用时。 What to do next hasn’t been decided. 下一步该做什么还没有决定。 I wonder which to choose next. 我想知道下一步选哪一个。 (4)在“be to blame”中常用主动形式表示被动意义。 I felt I was to blame for this bicycle accident. 我觉得这次自行车事故怪我。 四、动词不定式的特殊形式 1．省略to的动词不定式 在feel(一感)，hear/listen to(二听)，make/let/have(三让)，see/watch/notice/observe(四看)等使役动词和感官动词(短语)后，动词不定式作宾语补足语时常省略to。这些词在变为被动语态时，to不能省略，此时不定式作主语补足语。(一感二听三让四看半帮助，主动不to被动to) I felt the earth shake at that moment. 那时，我感到地面在晃动。 I often hear him sing the song. 我经常听见他唱这首歌。 He is often heard to sing the song. 经常听见他唱这首歌。 2．动词不定式的省略与替代 在 expect, hope, wish, mean，prefer, forget, want, try及used to, would like, should love等后面常常使用to来替代动词不定式后被省略的动词。 I haven’t been to the Great Wall, but l wish to. 我没有去过长城，但是我希望去。 3．动词不定式的否定在不定式标志to前加上not，即“not to do”。 Tell him not to open the door. 告诉他别开门。 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．He began studying ________(政治) and Chinese history. 2．Now a special TV network gives live ________(新闻报道)of most races. 3．To attract investors, the local government has adjusted its ___(税)and labour laws. 4．You are asked to swallow a _______(胶囊)containing vitamin B. 5．He pocketed more money from this __________(锦标赛)than in his entire three years as a professional. 6．I usually have my ______(笔记本电脑) resting on my knee and connect it to the local wireless network. 7．The doctor will see you again next week. _________(与此同时，在此期间), you must rest as much as possible. 8．Attracted by the beauty of the music, the audience almost forgot to _______ when the pianist finished it. 9．Many graduates sought employment in engineering, education, medicine and a wide variety of other ___________. 10．You have dialed the wrong number. Please look up the correct number in the telephone _________. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．As long as your competitor is up for the challenge, you might as well go ___ it. 2．In the 1960s, the Beatles packed up their electric guitars and drum kits, and set _______ for America. 3．We listened to the news with a _______(mix) of surprise and horror. 4．No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous ________(applaud). 5．The boys may have a chance to become ____________(profession) soccer players and play an important part in China’s soccer field. 6．The year 2008 saw the successful launch of China’s Shenzhou­7 ______(man) spacecraft. 7．Whether law remains a good career choice for women remains __________(see). Ⅲ.完成句子 1．他吃惊地发现他所有的个人信息都被公开了。 He was astonished _______ that all his personal information had been exposed to the public. 2．减少工业污染和净化水花了多年的努力。 It took years of effort _________ the industrial pollution and clean the water. 3．被邀请参加这次会议我感到荣幸。 It is an honour for me ________________ attend the meeting. 4．我们认为使我们的国家变得更好是我们的责任。 We feel it our duty _______ our country better. 5．下周举行的会议一定会取得巨大的成功。 The meeting ________________________ next week is sure to be a great success. $