Unit 2 Making a difference 过去分词作状语（单元核心语法精练）英语外研版必修第三册

Unit 2 Making a difference 核心语法精练（过去分词作定语） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 3 二、完成句子 7 三、句型转换，将定语从句转换成过去分词作定语 9 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 9 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 11 （1） 定义及基本用法 用法 例句 位置 单个过去分词通常放在名词前；过去分词短语通常放在名词后。 单个：the injured person, polluted water 短语：the suggestions mentioned in class, the room decorated by some students 注意1：有些过去分词单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。 There are few tigers left; it is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out. 几乎没有老虎剩余；该是相关部门采取措施保护他们免遭灭绝的时候了。 注意2：如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，一般情况下，单个过去分词放在被修饰词的后面。 Is there anything unsolved? 有还未解决的问题吗？ 转化为形容词的过去分词 有些作定语的过去分词已经转化为形容词，与被修饰词构成系表结构，表示被修饰词的状态。如：seated(就坐的)，broken(破碎的),amused(高兴的),confused(困惑的),hidden(隐藏的),injured(受伤的),worried(担忧的)等。 The hidden secret was given away to the public. 隐藏的秘密被公之与众了。 过去分词作定语的逻辑主语 过去分词作定语时，其逻辑主语就是被修饰的名词。在很多情况下，作定语的过去分词或短语可以改写为定语从句。 The celebrities invited to the party complained about the terrible service. = The celebrities who were invited to the party complained about the terrible service. 被邀请来晚会的名人们投诉了糟糕的服务。 the risen sun → the sun which had risen（不及物动词表完成） （二）注意事项 过去分词作定语的不同表达方式 A. 只表被动 B. 只表完成 C. 既表被动又表完成 a. developed country (B) b. English spoken (A) c. anything planned (C) 与现在分词区别 现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成（尤其是不及物动词）。 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子——fallen leaves 落叶 boiling water 正在沸腾的水——boiled water 开水 a developing country 一个发展中国家——a developed country 一个发达国家 the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳-----the risen sun 已经升起的太阳 不及物动词过去分词 只表完成，不表被动。 Our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week. 上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。 The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning. 早上初升的太阳正光辉四射。 （三）done / being done / to be done 区别 done 表已完成的被动动作。 The building built last year… （去年建成的） being done 表正在进行的被动动作。 The building being built now… （正在建设的） to be done 表将要发生的被动动作。 The building to be built next month… （将要建设的） 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1.My memory became______________________large that even I couldn't believe it! 2. We had great trouble__________________________(make) him understand what we taught him. 3. He really made___________________ great difference to the world by his own efforts. 4. Training didn't result in good results and was much_______________________( effective) than expected. 5. Many countries in Africa are ______________________ (develop) countries. 6. His plan was_________________(become) an engineer at first but he became a famous singer at last 7. The boy donated all his pocket money _____________the charity. 8. What was once regarded as impossible has now become ___________________( real). 9.On the contrary , smartphones not only take________________________our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health. 10.He is this kind of man who is always generous _____________________________his money. 11. Not only he but also his parents________________________(be) fond of online shopping. 12. Those who know how____________________( tolerate) others can naturally lead a happy life. 13. It is wrong of you to play jokes on the____________________________( disability). 14. The___________________________(excite) children are opening their New Year presents. 15. The headmaster delivered an important speech at the meeting yesterday ,______________________________ left 16.The Stock Exchange is very sensitive____________________political change. 17. There we saw a group of children, most of them___________________________(come)from the countryside. 18.What they have done in the past year has been kept____________________________ (record) of as their archival 19. A reading room________________________________(aim) to help students concentrate on their studies is set up. 20. The_________________________( heartbreak ) mother had no alternative but to report her guilty son to police. 21.The TV programme reported that Winton became of a_______________________(respect) figure around the world. 22.When we write questions for the_________________________(certificate) exams, we also write practice questions. 23.We were too tired to go ______________________________ (far),so we called a taxi. 24. We were_________________________________( shock ) at the size of his debts. 25. This will not be easy ,but it is certainly___________________________________( achieve). 26. She had moved out of______________________________________(hear). 27.In case you need something,please don’t hesitate ______________________(ask) me. 28.Without your ______________________(assist),I couldn’t have succeeded in passing the driving test. 29.Facilities for people with ______________________(disability) are still insufficient. 30.He has many admirable qualities,such as loyalty,honesty,______________________(generous) and bravery. 2、 完成句子 1.我不知道他什么时候来参加派对。(when) I have no idea__________________________________________________________________ 2.我所能做的就是帮我的父母打扫房间。 All I can_________________________________ my parents clean the room. 3.他们需要的是熟练而且有经验的工人。(主语从句) ______________________________________________are skilled and experienced workers. 4.重要的不是你是谁而是你为这个社会做了什么。 It is _______________________________________who you are _______________________what you do for the society that matters. 5.他想到今年冬天会很冷。 _____________________came to___________________ it would be very cold this winter. 6.这些商家以低价售卖回收的自行车,并提供修理服务。(recycle) The businesses sell the________________________________________at a low price and provide repair services. 7.运动员们可享用这家公司捐赠的饮品。(donate ) The sportsmen can enjoy drinks________________________________________________________. 8.这所学校去年开放的小剧场颇受学生喜爱。( open) The little theatre in this school,________________________________________________________,is quite popular among the students. 9.一位英国作家曾写过一本描述去往月球旅行的书。(describe) An English writer once wrote a book_____________________________________________________. 10. 他沉默地坐在那里,思考着他是否应该参加演讲比赛。(wonder) He sat there silently, ___________________________________________________he should participate in the speech contest or not. 三、句型转换，将定语从句转换成过去分词作定语 1．He is a teacher who is admired by his students. →He is a teacher _________________________. 2.The girl, who was brought up by her uncle, has begun to work now. →The girl, ___________________ by her uncle, has begun to work now. 3. The story which was written by a little boy is popular in schools. →The story ______________________ is popular in schools. 4.The man who had retired was much interested in painting. →__________________ was much interested in painting. 5.The student who is dressed in blue is my son. →The student ________________ is my son. 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Understanding ideas The Well that Changed the World As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble 1.________ (believe) the words spoken by his teacher that many people in 2.________ (develop) African countries couldn’t get enough clean water. He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain. It was very close — only ten steps away. So, Ryan asked himself, “Why do some African children have to walk ten kilometres 3.________ (get) water every day? And why is the water so dirty 4.________ it makes them sick?” Young Ryan thought, “Life is easy for me, but hard for those people. Why don’t I help?” At first, his plan was 5.________ (earn) money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He cleaned windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours. He soon reached his first target of $70, 6.________ when he gave the money to a charity, he 7.________ (tell) that it actually cost $2,000 to build a well. Seventy dollars was only enough for a hand pump. Ryan understood that a hand pump wouldn’t help the children. What they needed was a well 8.________ (dig) near their homes. Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn’t give up. He was determined 9.________ (help) other children have clean water. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them 10.________ (donate) money. At the same time, a friend of Ryan’s mother helped make his story go public. After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with 11.________ a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water. They were grateful 12.________ him and invited him to visit. In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well 13.________ his own eyes. But that was not all. He also saw hundreds of 14.________ (delight) students who had turned out to welcome him. They sang and danced happily. Some even offered him food and gifts. At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth 15.________ (fill) him. He really had made 16.________ difference for these children. He broke 17.________ a joyful smile. Later, Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. Many 18.________ (inspire) people gave him their support. Ryan’s foundation continues to attract support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa 19.________ (benefit) from the life-changing gift of clean, safe water. Now, as 20.________ adult, Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why don’t I help?”, 21.________ “How can I help today?”. This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a 22.________ (real). 2. Developing ideas The Power of Good It is August 1939, and a group of 1.________ (frighten) children are boarding a train at Prague’s Wilson Station. Their heartbroken parents do not join them. Indeed, they fear they may never see their children again. But they know that their children will live. These are among the 669 children, most of them Jewish, 2.________ Nicholas Winton will go on to save from 3.________ (die) at the hands of the Nazis. Nicholas Winton was born on 19 May 1909 in London, to German-Jewish parents. The family later took British nationality. On 4.________ (leave) school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France. He returned to Britain in 1931, 5.________ he worked in business. In December 1938, a friend asked Winton to come to Prague 6.________ (aid) people who were escaping from the Nazis. In Prague, Winton saw people living in terrible conditions and 7.________ lives were in danger. He decided to help transport children 8.________ safety in Britain. He established an office 9.________ (keep) records of the children, and then returned to Britain to find temporary homes for them. He used 10.________ (donate) funds and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child 11.________ the British government required. By August 1939, Winton 12.________ (save) 669 children. During World War II, Winton served 13.________ an officer in Britain’s Royal Air Force. He left the military in 1954. He then worked for international charities 14.________ for various companies. For the most part, he did not mention the children he saved, and his actions soon disappeared from people’s memories. That all changed in 1988 15.________ his wife Grete found a 16.________ (forget) journal at home. The journal contained photographs and names of the children and 17.________ (address) of the families that took them in. She sent the journal to a newspaper, and that year Winton was seen on the British television programme That’s Life. At one point, the host asked people in the audience to stand up 18.________ Nicholas Winton had saved their lives. A 19.________ (shock) Winton watched as 20.________ majority of people 21.________ (rise) to their feet. The programme brought his actions 22.________ public attention, and Winton became a respected figure around the world. Later, Winton received 23.________ (vary) honours for his achievement, including a knighthood in 2003, and the Czech government’s highest honour, the Order of the White Lion, in 2014. Nicholas Winton passed 24.________ on 1 July 2015, at the age of 106. 25.________ the Chinese saying goes, “A kind-hearted person lives a long life.” 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A (2025-2026学年高一上·安徽·月考)High school is the most important time of a person's life. My own experience has been full ___1___ more laughter, stress, and — most importantly, growth — than I ever could have expected. The lessons I have learned about the world in the last three years have shaped who I ___2___ (be) today, and that person is far from the inexperienced 14-year-old girl who walked through those glass ___3___ (door) of the teaching building nearly three years ago. As a freshman, my struggle began with adapting to (适应) what felt like a whole new world. I was eager to make friends. I knew ___4___ it was like to feel lonely in a school with so many strangers. I felt like I had to act a certain way or be a certain person ___5___ (get) close to people in my classes or on my soccer team. Every day, in my head was how I could manage to make ___6___ (I) look like someone with more friends than I ___7___ (actual) had at the time. At the end of my freshman year and into the next, I had ___8___ good time. School wasn't particularly ___9___ (challenge), and I was spending my weekends having fun with my friends and going to basketball games. I had finally created a routine and felt mostly ____10____ (satisfy) with my life. B (2025-2026学年高一上·黑龙江·月考)At 9:32 am, Room 319 in Willard Hall is filled ____11____ talking students. Sam Waters looks around the room, feeling both nervous and ____12____ (excite) for his first day at the University of Delaware (UD). Over the loud chatter, Waters stands in the front of the room and introduces ____13____(he). “My name is Sam Waters — you can call me Sam or Professor Waters, whatever works for you,” he says. “I understand how nervous you might be about learning difficult math. I want you to feel comfortable and ____14____(confidence).” Sam Waters, an assistant professor in mathematical sciences, ____15____ (complete) his Ph. D. from the University of Northern Colorado last month. He is nervous on his first day as well, ____16____ (particular) dealing with technology issues and teaching three math classes in different ____17____ (room). “I’m looking forward to being in a new environment, taking the time to get to know you on a personal level and making UD’s traditions my own,” he says. “My goal this year is to adapt (适应) and enjoy everything new ____18____ comes with the school year.” Not only are new professors nervous, ____19____ returning students feel the same way, too. “It will be a busy year,” says Frenchezza Jumawan, a senior majoring in international relations. “I decide ____20____ (make) a detailed plan ahead so that everything works best for me.” C (2025-2026学年高一上·江西·月考) Huizhou merchants (商人) first became active during the Song Dynasty and were most successful from the late Ming Dynasty to early Qing Dynasty. Because Huizhou is a mountainous area with very little farmland, many people turned to business ____21____ (support) their families. They traded local products like tea, wood, cotton cloth, ink, and paper, transporting them to different parts of China. These businessmen, known for their hard work and strong ethics (行为准则), ____22____ (influence) by Confucian (儒家的) values, and they stressed ____23____ (honest), fairness, and kindness in all their dealings. This earned them the name “Confucian businessmen”. They valued education ____24____ (huge), believing it was important not only for business but also for ____25____ (person) growth and social respect. They hoped good ethics and a sense of justice would guide their actions for ____26____ (generation). They often formed close groups with others from ____27____ same family or hometown. By cooperating and supporting one another, they created trust and became more successful. The businessmen ____28____ earned wealth would returned home to contribute to their communities. They spent time and energy ____29____ (repair) roads, supporting local charities, and funding schools. Some even provided poor families ____30____ food and other necessities during difficult times. One of the most famous Huizhou businessmen started out as a shop assistant but later owned over twenty banks and many medicine stores. He helped the government by providing money and supplies. 9 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Making a difference 核心语法精练（过去分词作定语） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 3 二、完成句子 7 三、句型转换，将定语从句转换成过去分词作定语 9 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 9 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 11 （1） 定义及基本用法 用法 例句 位置 单个过去分词通常放在名词前；过去分词短语通常放在名词后。 单个：the injured person, polluted water 短语：the suggestions mentioned in class, the room decorated by some students 注意1：有些过去分词单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。 There are few tigers left; it is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out. 几乎没有老虎剩余；该是相关部门采取措施保护他们免遭灭绝的时候了。 注意2：如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，一般情况下，单个过去分词放在被修饰词的后面。 Is there anything unsolved? 有还未解决的问题吗？ 转化为形容词的过去分词 有些作定语的过去分词已经转化为形容词，与被修饰词构成系表结构，表示被修饰词的状态。如：seated(就坐的)，broken(破碎的),amused(高兴的),confused(困惑的),hidden(隐藏的),injured(受伤的),worried(担忧的)等。 The hidden secret was given away to the public. 隐藏的秘密被公之与众了。 过去分词作定语的逻辑主语 过去分词作定语时，其逻辑主语就是被修饰的名词。在很多情况下，作定语的过去分词或短语可以改写为定语从句。 The celebrities invited to the party complained about the terrible service. = The celebrities who were invited to the party complained about the terrible service. 被邀请来晚会的名人们投诉了糟糕的服务。 the risen sun → the sun which had risen（不及物动词表完成） （二）注意事项 过去分词作定语的不同表达方式 A. 只表被动 B. 只表完成 C. 既表被动又表完成 a. developed country (B) b. English spoken (A) c. anything planned (C) 与现在分词区别 现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成（尤其是不及物动词）。 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子——fallen leaves 落叶 boiling water 正在沸腾的水——boiled water 开水 a developing country 一个发展中国家——a developed country 一个发达国家 the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳-----the risen sun 已经升起的太阳 不及物动词过去分词 只表完成，不表被动。 Our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week. 上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。 The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning. 早上初升的太阳正光辉四射。 （三）done / being done / to be done 区别 done 表已完成的被动动作。 The building built last year… （去年建成的） being done 表正在进行的被动动作。 The building being built now… （正在建设的） to be done 表将要发生的被动动作。 The building to be built next month… （将要建设的） 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1.My memory became______________________large that even I couldn't believe it! 【答案】so 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我的记忆力变得如此之好，以至于我自己都不敢相信！固定句型“so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”，so后接形容词或副词。 2. We had great trouble__________________________(make) him understand what we taught him. 【答案】(in) making 【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：我们费了很大劲才让他理解我们教给他的内容。固定短语“have trouble (in) doing sth.”意为“做某事有困难”，后接动名词形式。 3. He really made___________________ great difference to the world by his own efforts. 【答案】a 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他确实通过自己的努力对世界产生了重大影响。固定短语“make a difference”意为“产生影响，起重要作用”。 4. Training didn't result in good results and was much_______________________( effective) than expected. 【答案】less effective 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：训练没有带来好的效果，而且比预期的效果差得多。根据句意“比预期的...”，应用比较级。结合前文“didn't result in good results”，应为“效果更差”，故用less effective。 5. Many countries in Africa are ______________________ (develop) countries. 【答案】developing 【详解】考查分词作定语。句意：许多非洲国家是发展中国家。“发展中国家”为“developing countries”，developing为现在分词作形容词，表示“发展中的”。 6. His plan was_________________(become) an engineer at first but he became a famous singer at last 【答案】to become 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他最初的计划是成为一名工程师，但最后却成了一位著名的歌手。句中谓语动词为“was”，动词“become”应用非谓语形式。主语“His plan”的内容就是“to become an engineer”，表示目的或未实现的计划，常用不定式。 7. The boy donated all his pocket money _____________the charity. 【答案】to 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：这个男孩把他所有的零花钱都捐给了慈善机构。动词“donate”与介词“to”搭配，构成短语“donate...to...”，意为“把……捐赠给……”。 8. What was once regarded as impossible has now become___________________( real). 【答案】a reality 【详解】考查固定短语和名词单复数。句意：曾经被认为不可能的事情现在已经变成了现实。短语“become a reality”意为“成为现实”。reality此处为可数名词，指一件具体的事成为现实，故用单数形式“a reality”。 9.On the contrary , smartphones not only take________________________our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health. 【答案】up 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：相反，智能手机不仅占用了我们宝贵的时间，还对我们的健康有很大危害。动词短语“take up”意为“占用（时间、空间）”。 10.He is this kind of man who is always generous _____________________________his money. 【答案】with 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：他就是那种总是花钱大方的人。形容词“generous”与介词“with”搭配，表示“在……方面慷慨”。 11. Not only he but also his parents________________________(be) fond of online shopping. 【答案】are 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：不仅他，而且他的父母都喜欢网上购物。在“not only...but also...”结构中，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，根据最近的主语“his parents”（复数），谓语用复数形式“are”。 12. Those who know how____________________( tolerate) others can naturally lead a happy life. 【答案】to tolerate 【详解】考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。句意：那些知道如何容忍他人的人自然能过上幸福的生活。“how”为疑问副词，后接带“to”的不定式，构成“疑问词+不定式”结构，作“know”的宾语。 13. It is wrong of you to play jokes on the____________________________( disability). 【答案】disabled 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你拿残疾人开玩笑是不对的。“the + 形容词”表示一类人。“the disabled”意为“残疾人”。 14. The___________________________(excite) children are opening their New Year presents. 【答案】excited 【详解】考查形容词。句意：兴奋的孩子们正在打开他们的新年礼物。形容人“感到兴奋的”应用“excited”。“exciting”用于形容事物“令人兴奋的”。 15. The headmaster delivered an important speech at the meeting yesterday, _________________left 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：校长昨天在会上发表了重要讲话，给大家留下了深刻印象。逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“an important speech”，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词“which”引导。 16.The Stock Exchange is very sensitive____________________political change. 【答案】to 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：证券交易所对政治变化非常敏感。形容词“sensitive”与介词“to”搭配，表示“对……敏感”。 17. There we saw a group of children, most of them___________________________(come)from the countryside. 【答案】coming 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：在那里我们看到一群孩子，他们大多数来自农村。“most of them”是独立主格结构的逻辑主语，与动词“come”是主动关系，故用现在分词“coming”。 18.What they have done in the past year has been kept____________________________ (record) of as their archival 【答案】a record 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他们过去一年所做的一切已被作为档案记录下来。固定短语“keep a record of”意为“记录…，将…存档”。 19. A reading room________________________________(aim) to help students concentrate on their studies is set up. 【答案】aimed 【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：一个旨在帮助学生专心学习的阅览室被建立起来。动词“aim”与其修饰的名词“a reading room”构成被动关系（阅览室被设立以…为目的），故用过去分词“aimed”。 20. The_________________________( heartbreak ) mother had no alternative but to report her guilty son to police. 【答案】heartbroken 【详解】考查形容词。句意：那位心碎的母亲别无选择，只能向警察举报了她有罪的儿子。形容人“感到心碎的”应用“heartbroken”。“heartbreaking”用于形容事物“令人心碎的”。 21.The TV programme reported that Winton became of a_______________________(respect) figure around the world. 【答案】respected 【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：电视节目报道称，温顿成为了一位全世界受人尊敬的人物。名词“figure”与动词“respect”构成被动关系（人物被尊敬），故用过去分词“respected”作定语。 22.When we write questions for the_________________________(certificate) exams, we also write practice questions. 【答案】certificate 【详解】考查名词作定语。句意：当我们为证书考试编写试题时，我们也编写练习题。名词“certificate”在此处作定语，修饰“exams”，表示考试的性质，无需变形。 23.We were too tired to go ______________________________ (far),so we called a taxi. 【答案】further 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：我们太累了，无法走得更远，于是叫了出租车。副词“far”的比较级为“farther”（具体距离上更远）或“further”（抽象程度上更深、更远）。此处意为“走更远的路程”，两者均可，但“further”更通用。 24. We were_________________________________( shock ) at the size of his debts. 【答案】shocked 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们对他的债务规模感到震惊。形容人“感到震惊的”应用“shocked”。“shocking”用于形容事物“令人震惊的”。 25. This will not be easy ,but it is certainly___________________________________( achieve). 【答案】achievable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这不会容易，但肯定是可实现的。系动词“is”后接形容词作表语。动词“achieve”的形容词形式为“achievable”，意为“可实现的，可达到的”。 26. She had moved out of______________________________________(hear). 【答案】hearing 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：她已经走到了听不见（声音）的地方。固定短语“out of hearing”意为“在听不见的地方”，其中“hearing”为名词，意为“听力，听觉范围”。 27.In case you need something,please don’t hesitate ______________________(ask) me. 【答案】 to ask 【详解】考查动词用法。句意：万一你需要什么，请不要犹豫向我开口。动词“hesitate”后接动词不定式作宾语，构成固定搭配“hesitate to do sth.”，意为“犹豫做某事”。 28.Without your ______________________(assist),I couldn’t have succeeded in passing the driving test. 【答案】assistance 【详解】考查名词。句意：没有你的帮助，我不可能通过驾照考试。介词“without”后应接名词作宾语，动词“assist”的名词形式为“assistance”。句意为“没有帮助”，应用单数形式。 29.Facilities for people with ______________________(disability) are still insufficient. 【答案】 disabilities 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：为残疾人（群体）提供的设施仍然不足。此处“people with disabilities”是一个固定短语，意为“残疾人”，指这一类群体。“disability”是可数名词，此处用复数形式“disabilities”表示泛指。 30.He has many admirable qualities,such as loyalty,honesty,______________________(generous) and bravery. 【答案】generosity 【详解】考查名词。句意：他有许多令人钦佩的品质，比如忠诚、诚实、慷慨和勇敢。介词“such as”后列举名词或名词短语。与前面的“loyalty”，“honesty”以及后面的“bravery”并列，应用形容词“generous”的名词形式“generosity”。 2、 完成句子 1.我不知道他什么时候来参加派对。(when) I have no idea__________________________________________________________________ 【答案】when he will come to the party. 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我不知道他什么时候来参加派对。idea后为同位语从句，解释idea的具体内容。从句表示将来，用一般将来时，且语序为陈述语序。 2.我所能做的就是帮我的父母打扫房间。 All I can_________________________________ my parents clean the room. 【答案】do is (to) help 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我所能做的就是帮我的父母打扫房间。“All I can do is (to) do sth.”为固定句型，is后通常接带to或不带to的不定式。 3.他们需要的是熟练而且有经验的工人。(主语从句) ______________________________________________are skilled and experienced workers. 【答案】What they need 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他们需要的是熟练而且有经验的工人。句中缺少主语，故用what引导的主语从句“What they need”充当。 4.重要的不是你是谁而是你为这个社会做了什么。 It is _______________________________________who you are _______________________what you do for the society that matters. 【答案】not; but 【详解】考查并列连词。句意：重要的不是你是谁而是你为这个社会做了什么。强调句型“It is...that...”中嵌套了“not...but...”结构，表示“不是……而是……”。 5.他想到今年冬天会很冷。 _____________________came to___________________ it would be very cold this winter. 【答案】The thought; him that 【详解】考查固定句型和同位语从句。句意：他想到今年冬天会很冷。短语“The thought came to sb. that...”意为“某人想到……”。that引导同位语从句，解释thought的内容，为避免句子头重脚轻，从句后置。 6.这些商家以低价售卖回收的自行车,并提供修理服务。(recycle) The businesses sell the________________________________________at a low price and provide repair services.【答案】recycled bicycles 【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：这些商家以低价售卖回收的自行车，并提供修理服务。动词“recycle”与其修饰的名词“bicycles”构成被动关系（自行车被回收），故用过去分词“recycled”作前置定语。 7.运动员们可享用这家公司捐赠的饮品。(donate ) The sportsmen can enjoy drinks________________________________________________________. 【答案】donated by the company 【详解】考查过去分词短语作定语。句意：运动员们可享用这家公司捐赠的饮品。“饮品”和“捐赠”是被动关系（饮品被公司捐赠），故用过去分词短语“donated by the company”作后置定语。 8.这所学校去年开放的小剧场颇受学生喜爱。( open) The little theatre in this school,________________________________________________________,is quite popular among the students. 【答案】opened last year 【详解】考查过去分词短语作定语。句意：这所学校去年开放的小剧场颇受学生喜爱。名词“the little theatre”和动词“open”之间是被动关系（小剧场被开放），且动作发生在过去，故用过去分词短语“opened last year”作后置定语。 9.一位英国作家曾写过一本描述去往月球旅行的书。(describe) An English writer once wrote a book_____________________________________________________. 【答案】describing the journey to the moon 【详解】考查现在分词短语作定语。句意：一位英国作家曾写过一本描述去往月球旅行的书。动词“describe”与其逻辑主语“a book”是主动关系（书描述旅行），故用现在分词短语“describing the journey to the moon”作后置定语。 10. 他沉默地坐在那里,思考着他是否应该参加演讲比赛。(wonder) He sat there silently, ___________________________________________________he should participate in the speech contest or not. 【答案】wondering whether/if 【详解】考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：他沉默地坐在那里，思考着他是否应该参加演讲比赛。主句主语“He”和动词“wonder”是主动关系，且“wonder”表示与“sat”同时发生的伴随动作，故用现在分词短语“wondering whether/if...”。此处“whether/if”引导宾语从句。 三、句型转换，将定语从句转换成过去分词作定语 1．He is a teacher who is admired by his students. →He is a teacher _________________________. 【答案】admired by his students 【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：他是一名被学生欣赏的老师。过去分词作定语可以与定语从句相互转化。定语从句中谓语动词为is admired为被动态，所以在非谓语方面，应该用过去分词作定语，用来修饰名词a teacher。所以应该写为admired by his students。 2.The girl, who was brought up by her uncle, has begun to work now. →The girl, ___________________ by her uncle, has begun to work now. 【答案】brought up 【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：被她叔叔抚养长大的女孩现在已经开始工作了。过去分词作定语可以与定语从句相互转化。定语从句中谓语动词为was brought up为被动态，所以在非谓语方面，应该用过去分词作定语，用来修饰名词the girl, 所以应该写为brought up。 3. The story which was written by a little boy is popular in schools. →The story ______________________ is popular in schools. 【答案】written by a little boy 【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：被小男孩写的故事在学校受到欢迎。过去分词作定语可以与定语从句相互转化。定语从句中谓语动词为was written为被动态，所以在非谓语方面，应该用过去分词作定语，用来修饰名词the story, 所以应该写为written by a little boy。 4.The man who had retired was much interested in painting. →__________________ was much interested in painting. 【答案】The retired man 【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：退休的那个人对绘画非常感兴趣。过去分词作定语，用来修饰名词，表示动作的完成，并不表示被动关系。所以应该写为The retired man。 5.The student who is dressed in blue is my son. →The student ________________ is my son. 【答案】dressed in blue 【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：穿蓝色衣服的那个学生是我的儿子。过去分词作定语，用来修饰名词，表示状态，并不表示被动关系。所以应该写为dressed in blue。 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Understanding ideas The Well that Changed the World As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble 1.________ (believe) the words spoken by his teacher that many people in 2.________ (develop) African countries couldn’t get enough clean water. He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain. It was very close — only ten steps away. So, Ryan asked himself, “Why do some African children have to walk ten kilometres 3.________ (get) water every day? And why is the water so dirty 4.________ it makes them sick?” Young Ryan thought, “Life is easy for me, but hard for those people. Why don’t I help?” At first, his plan was 5.________ (earn) money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He cleaned windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours. He soon reached his first target of $70, 6.________ when he gave the money to a charity, he 7.________ (tell) that it actually cost $2,000 to build a well. Seventy dollars was only enough for a hand pump. Ryan understood that a hand pump wouldn’t help the children. What they needed was a well 8.________ (dig) near their homes. Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn’t give up. He was determined 9.________ (help) other children have clean water. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them 10.________ (donate) money. At the same time, a friend of Ryan’s mother helped make his story go public. After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with 11.________ a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water. They were grateful 12.________ him and invited him to visit. In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well 13.________ his own eyes. But that was not all. He also saw hundreds of 14.________ (delight) students who had turned out to welcome him. They sang and danced happily. Some even offered him food and gifts. At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth 15.________ (fill) him. He really had made 16.________ difference for these children. He broke 17.________ a joyful smile. Later, Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. Many 18.________ (inspire) people gave him their support. Ryan’s foundation continues to attract support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa 19.________ (benefit) from the life-changing gift of clean, safe water. Now, as 20.________ adult, Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why don’t I help?”, 21.________ “How can I help today?”. This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a 22.________ (real). 【答案】1.believing 2.developing 3.to get 4.that 5.to earn 6.but 7.was told 8.dug 9.to help 10.to donate 11.which 12.to 13.with 14.delighted 15.filled 16.a 17.into 18.inspired 19.have benefited 20.an 21.but 22.reality 2. Developing ideas The Power of Good It is August 1939, and a group of 1.________ (frighten) children are boarding a train at Prague’s Wilson Station. Their heartbroken parents do not join them. Indeed, they fear they may never see their children again. But they know that their children will live. These are among the 669 children, most of them Jewish, 2.________ Nicholas Winton will go on to save from 3.________ (die) at the hands of the Nazis. Nicholas Winton was born on 19 May 1909 in London, to German-Jewish parents. The family later took British nationality. On 4.________ (leave) school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France. He returned to Britain in 1931, 5.________ he worked in business. In December 1938, a friend asked Winton to come to Prague 6.________ (aid) people who were escaping from the Nazis. In Prague, Winton saw people living in terrible conditions and 7.________ lives were in danger. He decided to help transport children 8.________ safety in Britain. He established an office 9.________ (keep) records of the children, and then returned to Britain to find temporary homes for them. He used 10.________ (donate) funds and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child 11.________ the British government required. By August 1939, Winton 12.________ (save) 669 children. During World War II, Winton served 13.________ an officer in Britain’s Royal Air Force. He left the military in 1954. He then worked for international charities 14.________ for various companies. For the most part, he did not mention the children he saved, and his actions soon disappeared from people’s memories. That all changed in 1988 15.________ his wife Grete found a 16.________ (forget) journal at home. The journal contained photographs and names of the children and 17.________ (address) of the families that took them in. She sent the journal to a newspaper, and that year Winton was seen on the British television programme That’s Life. At one point, the host asked people in the audience to stand up 18.________ Nicholas Winton had saved their lives. A 19.________ (shock) Winton watched as 20.________ majority of people 21.________ (rise) to their feet. The programme brought his actions 22.________ public attention, and Winton became a respected figure around the world. Later, Winton received 23.________ (vary) honours for his achievement, including a knighthood in 2003, and the Czech government’s highest honour, the Order of the White Lion, in 2014. Nicholas Winton passed 24.________ on 1 July 2015, at the age of 106. 25.________ the Chinese saying goes, “A kind-hearted person lives a long life.” 【答案】1.frightened 2.that/who/whom 3.death 4.leaving 5.where 6.to aid 7.whose 8.to 9.to keep 10.donated 11.that/which 12.had saved 13.as 14.and 15.when 16.forgotten 17.addresses 18.if 19.shocked 20.the 21.rose 22.to 23.various 24.away 25.As 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A (2025-2026学年高一上·安徽·月考)High school is the most important time of a person's life. My own experience has been full ___1___ more laughter, stress, and — most importantly, growth — than I ever could have expected. The lessons I have learned about the world in the last three years have shaped who I ___2___ (be) today, and that person is far from the inexperienced 14-year-old girl who walked through those glass ___3___ (door) of the teaching building nearly three years ago. As a freshman, my struggle began with adapting to (适应) what felt like a whole new world. I was eager to make friends. I knew ___4___ it was like to feel lonely in a school with so many strangers. I felt like I had to act a certain way or be a certain person ___5___ (get) close to people in my classes or on my soccer team. Every day, in my head was how I could manage to make ___6___ (I) look like someone with more friends than I ___7___ (actual) had at the time. At the end of my freshman year and into the next, I had ___8___ good time. School wasn't particularly ___9___ (challenge), and I was spending my weekends having fun with my friends and going to basketball games. I had finally created a routine and felt mostly ____10____ (satisfy) with my life. 【答案】1. of 2. am 3. doors 4. what 5. to get 6. myself 7. actually 8. a 9. challenging 10. satisfied 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要回忆了作者的高中生活以及前后的心理变化。 1.考查介词。句意：我自己的经历充满了笑声、压力，最重要的是，成长超出了我的预期。此处意为“充满了”，表达为be full of，故填of。 2.考查动词时态。句意：过去的三年里，我对世界的了解塑造了今天的我，而那个人也远非三年前走过教学楼玻璃门的那个14岁的女孩。此处作谓语动词，I为主语，根据时间状语now可知，应用一般现在时，故填am。 3.考查名词复数。句意：同上。door为可数名词，根据空前的those可知，应用名词的复数形式，故填those。 4.考查宾语从句。句意：我知道在一所有这么多陌生人的学校里感觉很孤独是什么感受。此处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少like的宾语，且意为“什么”，故应用what引导，故填what。 5.考查非谓语动词。句意：我觉得我必须以某种方式行事，或者成为一个特定的人，去接近我班上或者足球队里的人。此处表示“我成为一个特定的人的目的是为了接近班上的人”，应用动词不定式，作目的状语，故填to get。 6.考查代词。句意：每天，在我脑海里，我都想如何让我看起来像一个朋友比我实际多的人。此处作宾语，且主语为I，应用反身代词myself“我自己”作宾语，故填myself。 7.考查副词。句意：同上。此处修饰动词had，应用副词actually“实际上”，作状语，故填actually。 8.考查冠词。句意：在我高一结束和下一学年，我玩得很开心。此处意为“玩得开心”，表达为have a good time，故填a。 9.考查形容词。句意：学校并不是特别的有挑战性，我周末和朋友一起玩，去看篮球比赛。此处作表语，主语为School，应用形容词challenging“有挑战性的”，故填challenging。 10.考查形容词。句意：我终于创造了一个惯例，对我的生活感到满意。此处意为“对……满意”，表达为feel satisfied with，应用形容词satisfied，作表语，故填satisfied。 B (2025-2026学年高一上·黑龙江·月考)At 9:32 am, Room 319 in Willard Hall is filled ____11____ talking students. Sam Waters looks around the room, feeling both nervous and ____12____ (excite) for his first day at the University of Delaware (UD). Over the loud chatter, Waters stands in the front of the room and introduces ____13____(he). “My name is Sam Waters — you can call me Sam or Professor Waters, whatever works for you,” he says. “I understand how nervous you might be about learning difficult math. I want you to feel comfortable and ____14____(confidence).” Sam Waters, an assistant professor in mathematical sciences, ____15____ (complete) his Ph. D. from the University of Northern Colorado last month. He is nervous on his first day as well, ____16____ (particular) dealing with technology issues and teaching three math classes in different ____17____ (room). “I’m looking forward to being in a new environment, taking the time to get to know you on a personal level and making UD’s traditions my own,” he says. “My goal this year is to adapt (适应) and enjoy everything new ____18____ comes with the school year.” Not only are new professors nervous, ____19____ returning students feel the same way, too. “It will be a busy year,” says Frenchezza Jumawan, a senior majoring in international relations. “I decide ____20____ (make) a detailed plan ahead so that everything works best for me.” 【答案】11. with 12. excited 13. himself 14. confident 15. completed 16. particularly 17. rooms 18. that 19. but 20. to make 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了新入职特拉华大学的数学科学助理教授山姆・沃特斯在开学第一天的状态。 11.考查介词。句意：上午9点32分，威拉德大厅319室里坐满了正在交谈的学生。此处是固定搭配“be filled with”，意为“充满；装满”。故填with。 12.考查形容词。句意：山姆・沃特斯环顾房间，对于他在特拉华大学的第一天，既感到紧张又感到兴奋。空前的“feeling”为系动词，描述主语用形容词作表语，且主语指人，需用ed形式的形容词“excited”。故填 excited。 13.考查反身代词。句意：在嘈杂的交谈声中，沃特斯站在房间前面进行自我介绍。此处主语和宾语指代同一人，需用反身代词，“he”的反身代词为“himself”，“introduce oneself”是固定搭配，意为“自我介绍”。故填 himself。 14.考查形容词。句意：我希望你们能感到自在且自信。此处“feel”为系动词，后接形容词作表语，“confidence”是名词，其形容词形式为“confident”，且与前面的“comfortable”构成并列表语。故填 confident。 15.考查动词时态。句意：山姆・沃特斯是数学科学领域的一名助理教授，他上个月刚从北科罗拉多大学获得博士学位。空处为句子谓语，根据句中的时间状语“last month”可知，此处表示过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时，“complete”的过去式为“completed”。故填completed。 16.考查副词。句意：他在（任教）第一天也感到紧张，尤其是在处理技术问题以及在不同教室教授三门数学课（的时候）。此处需用副词修饰后面的动词短语“dealing with”和“teaching”，“particular”是形容词，其副词形式为“particularly”。故填particularly。 17.考查名词复数。句意：他在（任教）第一天也感到紧张，尤其是在处理技术问题以及在不同教室教授三门数学课（的时候）。根据前面的形容词“different”可知，此处需用名词的复数形式，“room”的复数为 “rooms”。故填rooms。 18.考查定语从句。句意：他说：“我今年的目标是去适应并享受新学年带来的所有新事物。”空处引导定语从句，先行词为“everything new”，先行词为不定代词时，需用“that”引导定语从句。故填that。 19.考查连词。句意：不仅新教授会紧张，返校的学生也会有同样的感受。此处是固定搭配“Not only...but (also)...”，意为“不仅…… 而且……”，其中“also” 可省略，用来连接两个并列的句子成分。故填but。 20.考查非谓语动词。句意：“我决定提前制定一个详细的计划，这样一切都能对我最有利。”decide 后接动词不定式作宾语，此处是固定搭配“decide to do sth.”，意为 “决定做某事”。故填to make。 C (2025-2026学年高一上·江西·月考) Huizhou merchants (商人) first became active during the Song Dynasty and were most successful from the late Ming Dynasty to early Qing Dynasty. Because Huizhou is a mountainous area with very little farmland, many people turned to business ____21____ (support) their families. They traded local products like tea, wood, cotton cloth, ink, and paper, transporting them to different parts of China. These businessmen, known for their hard work and strong ethics (行为准则), ____22____ (influence) by Confucian (儒家的) values, and they stressed ____23____ (honest), fairness, and kindness in all their dealings. This earned them the name “Confucian businessmen”. They valued education ____24____ (huge), believing it was important not only for business but also for ____25____ (person) growth and social respect. They hoped good ethics and a sense of justice would guide their actions for ____26____ (generation). They often formed close groups with others from ____27____ same family or hometown. By cooperating and supporting one another, they created trust and became more successful. The businessmen ____28____ earned wealth would returned home to contribute to their communities. They spent time and energy ____29____ (repair) roads, supporting local charities, and funding schools. Some even provided poor families ____30____ food and other necessities during difficult times. One of the most famous Huizhou businessmen started out as a shop assistant but later owned over twenty banks and many medicine stores. He helped the government by providing money and supplies. 【答案】21. to support 22. were influenced 23. honesty 24. hugely 25. personal 26. generations 27. the 28. who##that 29. repairing 30. with 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕徽商的历史展开，讲述了他们因地理原因投身商海，凭借诚信经营和儒家价值观取得成功，并积极回馈家乡的历程。 21.考查非谓语动词。句意：由于徽州是一个山区，农田很少，许多人转而经商来养家糊口。分析句子结构可知，此句已有谓语动词 turned，所以此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to support。 22.考查时态和语态。句意：这些商人以勤劳和强烈的道德观念而闻名，受到儒家价值观的影响，他们在所有的交易中都强调诚实、公平和善良。根据上下文可知，此处应用一般过去时，且influence与主语 These businessmen构成被动关系，所以此处用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were influenced。 23.考查名词。句意：这些商人以勤劳和强烈的道德观念而闻名，受到儒家价值观的影响，他们在所有的交易中都强调诚实、公平和善良。此处与 fairness、 kindness 是并列关系，所以此处用名词形式。故填honesty。 24.考查副词。句意：他们非常重视教育，认为教育不仅对商业很重要，对个人成长和社会尊重也很重要。此处要用副词 hugely修饰动词 valued。故填hugely。 25.考查形容词。句意：他们非常重视教育，认为教育不仅对商业很重要，对个人成长和社会尊重也很重要。此处要用形容词 personal修饰名词 growth。故填personal。 26.考查名词单复数。句意：他们希望良好的道德和正义感能指导他们世世代代的行为。generation是可数名词，泛指，前无冠词，所以用名词的复数形式。故填generations。 27.考查冠词。句意：他们经常与来自同一家庭或家乡的人组成紧密的团体。the same...是常用结构，意为“相同的……”。故填the。 28.考查定语从句。句意：赚了钱的商人会回到家乡为社区做贡献。分析句子结构可知，此从句是一个定语从句，先行词是The businessmen，指人，关系代词在从句作主语，所以此处用关系代词 who或that引导。故填who/that。 29.考查非谓语动词。句意：他们花时间和精力修理道路，支持当地的慈善机构，资助学校。spend... doing... 是常用结构，意为“花费……做……”。故填repairing。 30.考查介词。 句意：有些人甚至在困难时期为贫困家庭提供食物和其他必需品。provide sb with sth是常用结构，意为“提供某人某物”。 故填with。 9 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $