课时作业(12) Unit 3 Period 4（Word练习）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册高中同步学案（人教版）

课时作业(十二)　Unit 3　Period 4 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A The oceans are where life on Earth began and they continue to be home to an incredibly wide range of species. It has been estimated that there are around 230，000 different marine species, but some marine biologists think that there could well be species ten times that number still waiting to be discovered. Oceans have always played an important part in human life. They perform many functions. Since the beginning of time oceans have provided the world with a transport network for goods and people. That's why most of the major cities of the world are close to the sea. Countless numbers of people from other countries have travelled the seas to find a new and better life, and meanwhile others have been transported very much against their will, the evil slave trade being a case in point. World trade has always depended on ocean transport and the world's navies grow up in order to protect the sea trade routes. The ocean has traditionally been a source of nutritious food, but sadly the general view has always been that what is there is for the taking. There has been little regard for sustainability(可持续性)and in the words of Greenpeace, we are now damaging our oceans on a scale unimaginable to most people. Large commercial fishing boats catch everything, but not everything is wanted or allowed due to some restrictions and a lot of dead fish are thrown back into the sea.The whole marine ecosystem can be wiped out as huge nets are dragged across the ocean floor, destroying the ocean floor forever. Overfishing in this way does not enable the fish to sustain their population. As a result, numbers decrease until the point is reached where there are no longer any fish left to catch. Some species have been hunted to extinction and some are almost on the edge. It is said that due to overfishing, large predatory(捕食性的)fish, like cod and tuna, are down to the last 10% of their original number. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。海洋在食物和交通运输方面都给我们提供了便利，因此海洋在人类生活中扮演着非常重要的角色。但人类一味索取，从不考虑海洋的可持续发展。过度捕捞会摧毁整个海洋生态系统，导致某些海洋物种灭绝或处于灭绝的边缘。 1．What do we know from Paragraph 1? A．We have known enough about ocean life. B．We need more exploration of ocean life. C．2，300，000 marine species have been discovered. D．230，000 marine species are expected to be discovered. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段“It has been estimated that...still waiting to be discovered.”一句可知，据估计海洋里有大约230 000种海洋生物，但一些海洋生物学家认为等着我们去发现的海洋物种的数量可能是这个数字的10倍。由此推测，通过第一段我们可以知道，我们需要探索更多的海洋生物，故B项正确。A项“我们对海洋生物的了解已经够多”、C项“已经发现了2 300 000个海洋物种”、D项“230 000个海洋物种预计会被发现”与原文表述均不符，故排除。 2．Why are most of the large cities close to the sea? A．To attract more and more visitors. B．To appreciate the beautiful sights. C．For the natural resources in the sea. D．For the convenience of transportation. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第三、四句可知，从一开始，海洋就为世界提供了一个运送货物和人的网络。那就是世界上大多数主要城市都临海的原因。大部分大城市临海是因为海洋提供了便利的交通运输。故选D项。 3．What's people's general attitude to the ocean? A．Making use of ocean life wisely. B．Treating ocean life in a friendly way. C．Paying much attention to its sustainability. D．Getting whatever they like from the ocean. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the general view has always been that what is there is for the taking”可知，人们普遍认为海洋中的一切就是为让我们索取而存在的。故人们对海洋的普遍观点是：从海洋中获取想要的一切。故选D项。 4．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．The sustainability of oceans is important. B．The extinction of some species is normal. C．Ocean life offers much to us human beings. D．Overfishing has led to no more fish species. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“The whole marine ecosystem can be wiped out as huge nets are dragged across the ocean floor, destroying the ocean floor forever.”以及最后一段的“Some species have been hunted to extinction and some are almost on the edge.”可知，过度捕捞导致海洋可持续性被破坏，整个海洋生态系统都会被摧毁，某些海洋动物灭绝或者濒临灭绝。由此推知，海洋的可持续性非常重要。故选A项。 B Blue whales, the earth's largest animals, call to others of their kind, though exactly what these cries communicate remains a mystery. But these sounds have begun evolving (演变). Since at least the 1960s, the pitch (音调) of Antarctic blue whales has downshifted. Scientists have theories as to why: all involving humans. The deepening of their sounds is not unique. Many blue whales around the world have also dropped their pitch. In a study last year that analyzed more than 1 million individual recordings of whale calls, scale shifts were found across species, and among populations that don't necessarily interact with one another. This is to say, whatever has caused the change doesn't seem to have a specific geographic origin. The underwater noises caused by ocean traffic and at­sea industries might seem a likely criminal. However, scientists have identified lowered pitches even across populations of whales that live in seas without major shipping routes. One possible explanation for the change is the achievements of global conservation efforts. As their populations have grown, then, the whales may have decreased their volume because they are more likely to be communicating over short distances. Last year's study of whale calls also suggests a threatening reason for the drop in pitch, however. Perhaps whales don't need to be so loud because sound waves travel farther in oceans made acidic by the absorption of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, meanwhile, may also indirectly influence whale voices in other ways. The recent study shows that, during the summer, the whales must use their top volume to be heard in the cracking ice－a natural sound increased by unnatural processes, as rising temperatures worsen ice­melt. So the impacts of a warming planet may modulate animal sounds even in remote places. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍蓝鲸变调的原因。 5．To what extent is whales' pitch drop? A．Across the species. B．In the Antarctic ocean. C．Among some populations. D．Within one million individuals. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中“In a study last year that...scale shifts were found across species”可知，鲸鱼音调的转换扩展到整个物种。 6．What causes the evolving of whales' pitch according to the text? A．Less communication and more threat. B．Protection efforts and acidic sea water. C．Sharp decrease of whales' populations. D．Underwater noises by ships and industries. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“One possible explanation...global conservation efforts.”和第五段最后一句“Perhaps whales don't need to be so loud...oceans made acidic by the absorption of carbon dioxide.”可知，人类做出的保护和酸性海水是鲸鱼音调演变的原因。 7．What does the underlined word “modulate” mean in the last paragraph? A．Produce.　　　　　 B．Damage. C．Balance. D．Change. 解析：选D　猜测词义题。根据最后一段可知，二氧化碳也可能间接影响鲸鱼的声音。由于温度上升，冰融化恶化，在冰裂开的声音中，鲸鱼必须用它们最大的音量。由此可以推知，此处表示地球变暖的影响也可能会改变动物的声音。 8．What can we infer from the text? A．Man is the soul of nature. B．Man and nature are in one. C．Nature pardons no mistakes. D．Nature has the final say over man. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后两句“Since at least...all involving humans.”可知，蓝鲸音调变低皆是源于人类，由此可以推断出人与自然是一体的。 Ⅱ.完形填空 MacArthur's love for sailing dates back to the time when she was just 4 years old, when she first got the opportunity to have a try on a boat. “It __1__ me that this boat had everything we needed to take us anywhere in the world. And that opened up everything and made me feel the greatest sense of __2__，” she explained. This experience __3__ a passion within MacArthur—she wanted to sail around the world. Growing up in the countryside, she had no idea how to __4__ it. However, she knew that was what she wanted to do at some stage. So she acquired knowledge and __5__ for years to seek her dream of sailing. Having merely potatoes and beans every day for eight years, she __6__ could afford the right equipment. By reaching such __7__ goals and asking technical questions about __8__， MacArthur felt as though she was getting __9__ to her ambition. “The impossible could be possible and __10__ high is not necessarily such a crazy thing to do，” she said. And it seems that MacArthur's __11__ to become a sailor went beyond her expectations. At the age of 24, she started to __12__ the media attention after taking second place in the Vendée Globe, an around­the­world single­handed non­stop yacht (帆船)race. Four years later, MacArthur chose to sail for 71 days and 14 hours，__13__ more than 26，000 miles. This led her to set a new record. __14__ this record has been surpassed (超过)，MacArthur is still considered as Britain's most successful offshore racer. So when you know where you're going, you can actually get there—even if it seems __15__！ 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。4岁时的一次坐船的经历点燃了麦克阿瑟环游世界的激情，她最终实现了梦想，把不可能变成了可能。 1．A.benefited　　　　 B．struck C．taught D．treated 解析：选B　句意：我突然想到，这艘船拥有我们需要的带我们到世界任何地方的一切。It strikes/struck sb. that...为固定句型，意为“某人突然想到……”，故选B。 2．A.wonder B．magic C．direction D．freedom 解析：选D　句意：那打开了一切可能性，让我感受到最大的自由感……。 wonder奇迹； magic魔术； direction方向； freedom自由。故选D。 3．A.lighted B．left C．carried D．invented 解析：选A　句意：这次经历点燃了麦克阿瑟的激情——她想乘船环游世界。 light点燃；leave离开； carry携带； invent发明。故选A。 4．A.approach B．gain C．achieve D．forget 解析：选C　句意：在乡下长大的她不知道如何做到这一点。 approach接近； gain获得； achieve达到； forget忘记。故选C。 5．A.made up B．saved up C．turned up D．picked up 解析：选B　句意：所以她获取知识，攒钱多年以追求航行的梦想。make up编造； save up攒钱；turn up出现； pick up捡起。故选B。 6．A.eventually B．fortunately C．gradually D．definitely 解析：选A　句意：八年里，她每天只吃土豆和菜豆，她终于买得起合适的设备了。 eventually最终； fortunately幸运地； gradually逐渐地； definitely明确地。故选A。 7．A.personal B．financial C．final D．academic 解析：选B　她终于攒够了购买合适的设备的钱，实现了经济上的目标。 personal个人的； financial财政的； final最终的；academic学术的。故选B。 8．A.school B．sailing C．driving D．business 解析：选B　实现了财务上的目标，询问了航海的技术问题，麦克阿瑟觉得她好像离自己追求的目标越来越近了。school学校； sailing航海； driving驾驶；business生意。故选B。 9．A.further B．deeper C．closer D．smarter 解析：选C　far远的； deep深的；close近的；smart聪明的。由上一题的分析可知选C。 10．A.working B．designing C．meaning D．aiming 解析：选D　句意：她说：“不可能的事也可能发生，心气高并不一定是一件疯狂的事情。”小时候乘船环游世界的梦想对她来说是一个很高的目标。work工作；design设计；mean意欲；aim力求达到。aim high心气高，故选D。 11．A.lesson B．mind C．confidence D．plan 解析：选D　句意：麦克阿瑟成为一名航海者的计划似乎超出了她的预期。 lesson教训；mind头脑；confidence信心；plan计划。故选D。 12．A.accept B．receive C．enjoy D．keep 解析：选B　24岁时，她在旺迪单人不靠岸航海赛中获得第二名后，开始受到媒体的关注。accept接受；receive受到；enjoy欣赏；keep保持。故选B。 13．A.including B．reaching C．covering D．floating 解析：选C　句意：四年后，麦克阿瑟选择航行71天14小时，航程超过26 000英里。 include包括；reach达到；cover覆盖，行走(一段路程)；float漂浮。故选C。 14．A.After B．When C．Whether D．While 解析：选D　句意：尽管这一纪录已经被打破，麦克阿瑟仍然被认为是不列颠最成功的海上参赛选手。故选D。while虽然，尽管。 15．A.impossible B．constant C．valuable D．available 解析：选A　句意：所以当你知道你要去哪里的时候，你实际上可以到达那里——即使这看起来是不可能的。航海对她来说几乎是“不可能的”。impossible不可能的；constant经常的；valuable有价值的；available可获得的。故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 You may love going to the beach, having fun in the waves, surfing and enjoying the sun and the sand. But what do you know about beaches? 1．______(actual), beaches are made up of small loose rocks, 2.______ turn into sand and get together on the shores of a body of water. But how are they made? Well, they 3.______(create) by waves or currents (水流). A current is like a large river inside the ocean that often 4.______(flow) from one place to the next. These currents are caused by changes in temperature as well as the wind. The shape of the beach depends on how the waves move around. Some waves move things up the beach and others move things down the beach. On 5.______(sand) beaches, the waves move sand away from the beach, 6.______(make) gentle slopes (斜坡). If a wave is not strong enough 7.______(move) sand away, you will get a steeper beach. Today, with the 8.______(appear) of beach towns, more and more people prefer to spend their holidays on the beach. If you want to have 9.______ wonderful time at the beach, then look for a beach that has a Blue Flag because it is usually safer and has a higher standard 10.______ water quality. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了海滩的形成和形状，并给出了去海滩度假的建议。 1．Actually　考查副词。句意：实际上，海滩是由一些松软的小岩石组成的，它们会变成沙子，然后聚集在一片水域的岸边。根据句子结构可知，此处为状语，故用副词，填Actually。 2．which　考查非限制性定语从句。句意同上。分析本句结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为small loose rocks，指物，关系词在从句中充当主语，故填which。 3．are created　考查主谓一致、时态和语态。句意：嗯，它们是由波浪或水流引起的。根据句意可知，主语“they”(复数)与动词“create”之间为被动关系，由上下文语境可知用一般现在时，故填are created。 4．flows　考查主谓一致、时态和语态。句意：水流就像海洋里的一条大河，经常从一个地方流向下一个地方。分析句子结构可知，“that”引导定语从句，“that”指代先行词“a large river”， 为单数意义，“flow”与从句主语之间是主动关系，且根据上下文可知用一般现在时，故填 flows。 5．sandy　考查形容词。句意：在沙滩上，海浪把沙子从沙滩上冲走，形成平缓的斜坡。根据其后的名词可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故填sandy。 6．making　考查现在分词。句意同上。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处应用现在分词作结果状语，故填making。 7．to move　考查动词不定式。句意：如果海浪没有足够的力量把沙子冲走，你就会得到一个更陡的海滩。根据其前的“strong enough”可知，此处应用不定式，adj.＋enough to do...为固定短语，意为“足够……做……”，故填to move。 8．appearance　考查名词。句意：现在，随着海滨城镇的出现，越来越多的人喜欢在海滩度假。根据设空处前的“the”和设空处后的“of beach towns”可知，此处应用名词，填appearance。 9．a　考查冠词。句意：如果你想在海滩度过一段美好的时光，那就去找一个蓝旗海滩，因为它通常更安全，拥有更高标准的水质。have a wonderful time是固定短语，意为“玩得高兴”，故填a。 10．of　考查介词。句意同上。根据空格前后的两个名词之间的关系可知，此处应填介词of。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $