课时作业(9) Unit 3 Period 1（Word练习）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册高中同步学案（人教版）

课时作业(九)　Unit 3　Period 1 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A The “swim­with­dolphins” tourist industry is becoming more popular every year. After all, it can cost a large amount of money to have this kind of holiday experience. So tour operators try to place eager swimmers as near as possible to the dolphins by trying to predict where the dolphins will be. Research has shown that while dolphins can move away if they do not want to interact (交流) with human swimmers, they do not like it at all if the swimmers slip into the water directly on top of them or if humans are in their path of travel. However, if swimmers enter the water to one side of them, the dolphins do not avoid the swimmers to the same extent. In all cases, the dolphins seem to have become more sensitive to the presence of the swimmers. For dolphins, swimming amongst or with humans is not necessarily a high priority. This study has shown that only 19% of any group of dolphins will participate in interaction. Young dolphins are the most likely to interact. It is believed that they see humans as “entertainment” and that the interaction is a new and unusual experience for them. It is frequently asked whether “swim­with­dolphins” tourism should be discontinued. The advice is that dolphins should be given enough periods of time throughout the day when they are not exposed to tourism. Permitted interactions should not be too disturbing to the dolphins since there could be mothers and calves (幼崽) present in dolphin groups. There should also be educational campaigns about the creatures and what is likely to cause danger to them. It is not easy to explain to someone that they cannot fulfill their lifelong dreams because the dolphins are resting, or that a mother dolphin and calf are in the area. But if we are to enjoy these remarkable animals and not just use them for our entertainment, then we must carefully monitor the “swim­with­dolphins” industry worldwide. 【语篇解读】　本文为说明文。“与海豚共游”这一旅游产业逐渐流行起来，研究者们就海豚的行为以及应如何控制这一旅游产业对海豚造成的影响展开了调研。 1．What makes “swim­with­dolphins” tourism popular? A．The local government's encouragement. B．The improvement of people's living standard. C．The increasing number of tourists. D．The high profits of the industry. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“After all, it can cost a large amount of money to have this kind of holiday experience”可知，这样的旅游花费不菲，言外之意就是其中的利益也不小。所以这个旅游产业越发流行的原因是这个产业的高利润。 2．Why are young dolphins more likely to swim with humans? A．They do this out of curiosity. B．They like humans better. C．They are less sensitive. D．They prefer new things by nature. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Young dolphins are the most likely to interact. It is believed that they see humans as ‘entertainment’ and that the interaction is a new and unusual experience for them”可知，人们认为小海豚把人类当成它们的娱乐，把这种互动看成一种新奇且不寻常的经历。即出于好奇，小海豚更可能与人类一起游泳。 3．What does the author suggest the “swim­with­dolphins” industry do in Paragraph 4? A．Avoid interaction with young dolphins. B．Strictly limit the expansion of the industry. C．Make people know the hidden threat to dolphins. D．Expose dolphins to tourists only in the daytime. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“There should also be educational campaigns about the creatures and what is likely to cause danger to them”可知，应该举办一些关于海豚以及可能对它们造成危害的事情这类话题的教育活动。因此，让公众了解可能给海豚带来的潜在威胁是减小对海豚造成消极影响的办法之一，故选C项。 B It seems we can't get off the planet fast enough. Two thirds of NASA's money is spent on manned space exploration, and that number will grow with the USA's decision to send a man to Mars in 2037. We've seen all there is to see on Earth, right? Wrong. The final place is here—under the surface of the sea. Heading down into the ocean, humans' limits are quickly reached. At 200 metres, the water is as black as a moonless night. Most nuclear submarines(核潜艇)will implode(内爆)before their depth reaches 1 km. At 3 km — still less than the average depth of the ocean—there's a good chance that you'll discover a new species. The deepest­diving whales go no further. At the very bottom—about 11 km down—lies the Challenger Deep, the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. Twelve humans have walked on the Moon, but only three have seen the Challenger Deep with their own eyes. Yet things live down there. Big things. A very loud sound was once heard and scientists believed that it was produced by an animal bigger than a blue whale, the largest creature known on the planet. In the late 1990s, a deep­water submarine was dropped in the Southern Ocean, and at 4，000 metres, it discovered something huge passing under it. Surprised? Don't be. The ocean covers about 70% of the planet's surface and we've studied less than 5% of it. We know more about the dark side of the Moon than about the underwater world. One reason that we explore space is to find evidence of other life forms. The search for life outside of Earth is important, but robots can look under the dry rocks of Mars better than humans. They're absolutely important for doing ocean research, too, but they can't look under the sea. The cost of exploration is rising, but the results would benefit our lives. Understanding the oceans will help us find new sources of food, drugs and energy. Perhaps now it's time to begin a new period of sea exploration. The manned exploration of space is science fiction. The adventure in the deep sea is the science fact. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。作者认为比起对太空的探索，人类对深海的探索或许更具现实意义。 4．What does Paragraph 2 suggest? A．Sea exploration is no easy task. B．Nuclear submarines need to be improved. C．The ocean is far deeper than people have expected. D．The conditions under the sea are similar to those on the Moon. 解析：选A　细节理解题。第二段提到，已有12个人在月球上行走过，但是目睹挑战者深渊的却只有3个人。由此可见比起探索太空，人类对于深海的探索更艰难，探索大海绝非易事，故选A项。 5．What do we know about the Challenger Deep? A．Blue whales live there. B．No one has ever been there. C．People are terrified at the sight of it. D．It is the deepest known location on Earth. 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第二段“At the very bottom—about 11 km down—lies the Challenger Deep, the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean.”可知，挑战者深渊位于大概11千米深的海底，是马里亚纳海沟最深的部分。与 D项相符，故选D项。根据“only three have seen the Challenger Deep with their own eyes”可排除B项；第三段提到“an animal bigger than a blue whale”，由此可知住在那里的不是蓝鲸，而是比蓝鲸大的一种动物，故排除A项；文章并未谈到人类害怕看见它，故排除C项。 6．What does the author think of the discovery in the Southern Ocean? A．It's surprising.　　 B．It's no wonder. C．It's worrying. D．It's no success. 解析：选B　推理判断题。由第四段的“Surprised? Don't be. The ocean covers about 70% of the planet's surface and we've studied less than 5% of it. We know more about the dark side of the Moon than about the underwater world.”可知，对于在南冰洋的发现，作者并不感到惊讶，地球表面约有70%被海洋覆盖，人类对海洋的研究还不到5%。我们对月球阴暗面的了解都比海底世界多。故选B项。 7．What does the author want to tell us? A．Space exploration is of little value. B．We spend too much money on space travel. C．Humans' success lies in how much they explore the sea. D．The ocean is the place where we should make our efforts. 解析：选D　推理判断题。由倒数第二段内容可知，对于太空的探索很重要，可机器人会比人类做得更好。但机器人不能在海底探索。虽然勘探海洋费用增加了，但可能帮人类找到更多食物、药品和能量来源，故人类应该在海洋探索方面努力。故选D项。 Ⅱ.七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Things You Can Do for the Ocean The ocean supports a global underwater circulation system of currents, which affects temperature and nutriment distribution.__1__It's time for you to do something for the ocean. Be the best citizen of the ocean you can be by taking these simple steps today. __2__ The Monterey Bay Aquarium has made it easy to choose ocean­friendly seafood wherever you live or travel. You can visit their site to determine the pocket guide and try to carry a reusable cup when traveling. More than 200 billion pounds of plastic is produced in the world every year and about 10% of it ends up in the ocean! __3__You can also make every effort to reduce plastic waste by traveling with your own cup. Leave it better than you found it and reduce water pollution. Leave natural areas and beaches better than you found them.__4__Or get together with like­minded members of your community by participating in a local beach clean­up. Reducing water pollution is also beneficial to protecting the ocean. There are simple things you can do to reduce water pollution locally and impact water quality globally.__5__You should correctly deal with dangerous materials. Moreover, you should use native plants and natural fertilizers, and be mindful when washing your vehicle. A．And these in turn affect human life. B．The ocean pollution has been a serious problem. C．Eat sustainable seafood and carry a reusable cup. D．Bring a small bag and pick the rubbish along the way. E．You should not eat at the restaurants selling wild animals. F．You should use non­toxic household products whenever it is possible. G．Refusing bottled water is an effective way to reduce the waste stream of plastic. 【语篇解读】　本文为说明文，作者针对如何保护海洋，减少海洋污染这一问题给出了自己的一些建议。 1．解析：选A　根据上文中的“The ocean supports a global underwater circulation system of currents, which affects temperature and nutriment distribution.”可知海洋的作用，再根据设空处后的“It's time for you to do something for the ocean.”可知，本文号召人类为海洋做些事情，故A项(并且这些转而会影响人类的生活。)符合语境。 2．解析：选C　设空处是本段的小标题，应是对本段的总结。根据下文内容可知，本段主要建议人们吃可持续的海鲜和使用可重复使用的杯子来避免造成大量的海洋垃圾，C项中的“Eat sustainable seafood”，“reusable cup”分别和下文中的“ocean­friendly seafood, carry a reusable cup”相呼应，故选C项。 3．解析：选G　根据设空处前的内容可知，每年海洋中有大量的塑料垃圾，再根据设空处后的“You can also make every effort to reduce plastic waste by traveling with your own cup.”可知，此处建议通过旅游时携带自己的水杯来减少塑料废弃物。由此可推知，G项(拒绝瓶装水是一种减少塑料废弃物的有效方法。)符合语境。 4．解析：选D　根据下文中的“by participating in a local beach clean­up”可知，此处介绍如何清理海滩，保护海洋环境，故选D项(带一个小包，沿途捡垃圾。)符合语境。 5．解析：选F　根据设空处后的“You should correctly deal with dangerous materials.”可知此处提到了如何正确地处理危险物品，由此可知，上文提及的内容应与危险物品有关，故F项(只要可能，你应该使用无毒的家居产品。)符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Climate change has caused a rise in sea level. This has increased the amount of salt in fresh water 1.______ (use) on coastal farms. As 2.______ result, farmers are 3.______(gradual) unable to use fields close to the sea. However, Marc Van Rijsselberg, a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a 4.______(mix) of sea and fresh water 5.______(grow) healthy and tasty vegetables. He teamed up with scientists from the Free University and divided a farm 6.______eight irrigated areas. Separate pipes pumped fresh and sea water, and a computer program created water with eight levels of salinity(含盐度)． The water levels and the levels of salinity 7.______(control) by computerized measuring devices called “sensors”. Mr Van Rijsselberg said he was able to harvest vegetables from most of the eight testing areas. He said the vegetables were smaller than 8.______grown in fresh water. But he said they also had more sugar and salt, so they tasted much 9.______(good)． He found that potatoes grew better than the other vegetables in the combination of sea and fresh water. Mr Van Rijsselberg said four kinds of these potatoes would be sent to Pakistan 10.______thousands of hectares of land was damaged by salinization(盐化作用) last year. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述随着海平面的上升，靠近海的农田的盐度增加。荷兰的一位农场主便尝试混合海水和淡水来浇灌蔬菜。通过试验，这样种出的蔬菜比用淡水浇灌的蔬菜味道好。 1．used　考查过去分词。fresh water与use之间是动宾关系，用过去分词作后置定语，故填used。 2．a　考查冠词。固定短语as a result意为“结果”，故填a。 3．gradually　考查副词。unable是形容词，要用副词修饰，故填gradually。 4．mixture　考查名词。use是及物动词，后接名词作宾语。故填mixture。 5．to grow　考查动词不定式。此处动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语。故填to grow。 6．into　考查介词。divide...into...意为“把……分成……”，是固定搭配，故填into。 7．were controlled　考查动词时态和语态。control与the water levels and the levels of salinity之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态；又因为语境时态是一般过去时，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。 8．those　考查代词。为避免重复，用those代替句中的vegetables。故填those。 9．better　考查形容词比较级。此处是用混合水浇灌的蔬菜和用淡水浇灌的蔬菜相比，用形容词比较级。故填better。 10．where　考查定语从句。先行词Pakistan在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故填where。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $