课时作业(3) Unit 1 Period 3（Word练习）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册高中同步学案（人教版）

课时作业(三)　Unit 1　Period 3 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Science fiction writers create imaginary worlds.The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science.So it's important for you to be familiar with the scientific principles and inventions that are related to your creation.For example, if you're writing about humans living on a planet with zero gravity, then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body. Then you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary worlds.And you have to follow them.If humans have evolved(进化)into creatures that can breathe underwater in Chapter 1, your character can't drown in a swimming pool in Chapter 3. If your robots write poetry but not fiction, then you can't throw a novelist robot into Chapter 8. The issue here is maintaining your readers' trust.That means the reader is willing to pretend along with you.If you start out with an ordinary detective novel and then throw in someone breathing underwater in the 6th chapter, your readers' reaction might be：“What the h．..？” The imaginative spell is broken. You've pulled the readers out of their imagination.The same thing happens if you change the rules halfway. Part of your preparation work for the novel is to map out its worlds in great detail.Decide: the history of the world, the geography, what possibilities it offers, how everything works in this new reality, and how all of these factors affect the way your characters think, feel, and react to things.You don't have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter.But you have to let your readers know enough to understand what's going on.This also allows you to work out logical problems and conflicts before you start writing. When you are writing, remember to make the story feel real.You are inviting readers to visit a new world.They will feel an urge to see, hear, feel, smell, and even taste what it's like.Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet, help your readers feel like they're actually there. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科幻作家应如何创作出合理的科幻人物和情节。 1．What's the relationship between actual science and science fiction? A．Science fiction promotes the development of actual science. B．Science fiction often reflects the development of actual science. C．Actual science limits the imagination described in science fiction. D．Actual science provides basic principles for science fiction. 解析：选D　推理判断题。由第一段前两句“Science fiction writers...will be based on actual science.”可知，科幻作家创造虚构的世界，在你虚构的世界里，事物的运作方式将以实际科学为基础，即现实科学为科幻小说提供了基本原则。故选D。 2．The second paragraph is mainly developed by ______. A．making comparisons B．giving examples C．following the time order D．analyzing causes 解析：选B　推理判断题。由第二段第三、四、七三句可知，如果在第一章中人类已经进化到可以在水下呼吸，那么在第三章中你小说中的角色就不会在游泳池里淹死；如果你小说中的机器人写诗而不是小说，那么你不能在第八章里出现小说家机器人；如果你从一本普通的侦探小说开始，然后在第六章的情节中加入一个在水下呼吸的人，你的读者的反应可能是：“到底什么……？”由这几句关键句可知，本段是通过举例来进行说明的。故选B。 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．It is necessary to do some scientific experiments before writing science fiction. B．It is more difficult to write science fiction than ordinary detective novels. C．Readers of science fiction actually pretend the writers' rules are true. D．It is great to leave some contradictions in your science fiction. 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第二段中的“That means the reader is willing to pretend along with you.”可知读者愿意和你一起假装。由最后一段可知当你写作时，记得让故事显得真实，你在邀请读者进入一个崭新的世界。他们希望用多重感官去体验它的样子。由此可知，科幻小说的读者实际上假装作者设定的规则是真实的，故选C。由第三段的叙述可知，创作科幻小说前的准备工作是详细地规划小说的世界，并未提及“科学实验(scientific experiments)”，故排除A。文中未提及科幻小说和普通侦探小说在创作难度方面的对比，故排除B项。由第三段最后两句可知你必须让读者了解足够的东西来理解发生了什么，这能够使你在创作之前解决逻辑问题和矛盾。因此，D项“在你的科幻小说中留一些矛盾是很好的”表述有误，故排除。 4．The target readers of the passage are_____. A．young scientists B．science fiction writers C．college students D．professional journalists 解析：选B　推理判断题。由第一段中的“Science fiction writers create imaginary worlds...that are related to your creation.”以及最后一段中的“When you are writing, remember to make the story feel real.You are inviting readers to visit a new world.”可知文中多次使用的第二人称you指的是科幻小说的创作者，由此可得出文章的目标读者是科幻作家。故选B。 B Your next Saturday night takeaway could be brought to you by a robot after a major food delivery company announced plans to use automated vehicles to transport meals. Europe's biggest online takeaway food company Just Eat has partnered with Starship Technologies to deliver food with robots on the streets of London later this month. “Nobody has ever done deliveries with land­based robots，” said Allan Martinson, the chief operating officer of Starship. The robot courier can travel up to 4 miles per hour for about 10 miles. It uses a GPS signal and nine cameras to navigate(确定位置和方向). Instead of a person arriving at their door, customers could find themselves receiving a notification(通知) on their phone that says a robot is on its way and a code to unlock the automated courier. “Put the code in, the robot opens up, and there's your food，” said David Buttress, chief manager of Just Eat. The robot, which has so far been tested in Greenwich, Milton Keynes and Glastonbury, costs ￡1 to transport within 3 miles, compared with the ￡3 to ￡6 it costs for a human courier. To date 30 robots have driven nearly 5，000 miles without getting into an accident or finding themselves picked on by passers­by. They have driven in more than 40 cities around the world, including London and Tallinn, Estonia. An initial worry was how the public would react to robots. But Martinson said the public has been calm when passing the delivery machine on the streets. “The most surprising reaction has been the lack of reaction，” said Martinson. Another significant fear was that people would disrupt(扰乱) the robots, or try to steal them and their contents. To prevent this, the robot is fitted with nine cameras, two­way audio, and movement sensors that send a warning if it is lifted off the ground. And it opens only with a passcode provided to the customer via a notification. “It's much easier to shoplift than it is to steal a robot，” said Martinson. 【语篇解读】　本文主要讲了伦敦正在测试一款送餐机器人，未来机器人可能会取代人类来送餐。 5．According to the text, the Starship robot ______． A．opens up upon hearing the code B．travels 10 miles per hour at most C．finds its way by means of GPS and cameras D．sends a message to the customer upon arrival 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段“It uses a GPS signal and nine cameras to navigate(确定位置和方向)．”可知，Starship的机器人依靠全球定位系统和照相机找到路。故选C项。 6．The test of Starship robots shows that ____． A．they are easy to operate B．the robot delivery is appreciated in big cities C．the robot delivery is cheaper than human delivery D．they can travel for 10 hours continuously 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段“...costs ￡1 to transport within 3 miles, compared with the ￡3 to ￡6 it costs for a human courier.”可知，机器人送餐要比人类送餐便宜。故选C项。 7．Which of the following is one of the worries about Starship robots? A．People's indifference to the robots. B．Safety of the robot delivery. C．Accuracy of the robot delivery. D．People's concern about public traffic. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Another significant fear was that people would disrupt(扰乱) the robots, or try to steal them and their contents.”可知，人们对于Starship的机器人的担忧之一是机器人送餐的安全问题。故选B项。 8．The purpose of the text is mainly to _____． A．describe the great improvement of Just Eat B．tell about the global trend of food companies C．show new robots are to move on the road D．show delivery robots are to replace takeaway drivers 解析：选D　写作意图题。本文主要讲了伦敦正在测试一款送餐机器人，未来机器人可能会取代人类来送餐。故选D项。 Ⅱ.七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Writing a great science fiction novel is a long, hard process.As with any novel, you'll want to construct a satisfying plot, develop interesting characters, and write polished, vivid prose.__1___ Remember that science fiction is about ideas. Different from other genres(类型), a good science fiction story depends on a great imagination.__2__ In sci­fi, those questions can be implicit or explicit.For example, many early works of sci­fi make their questions obvious.In The War of the Worlds, the question is: What would happen to human society if it were invaded(入侵)by technologically advanced aliens? __3__ It's one thing to have a great idea or situation, but that doesn't mean you have a story.While science fiction novels are often thought experiments, they also can't just be thought experiments.That means you're going to have to come up with an appealing story that brings these questions to life.Ask yourself: What is the change that will occur over the course of your story, either in the world or in the life of the main characters? Create an interesting world.__4__The intricately(错综复杂地) imagined details that make up your world should flow in some way from the idea at the heart of your story.In that way, the world you create in your sci­fi novel also reveals something about your point of view on the real world. Even the most fantastically imagined story is still a reflection of real­world questions and problems. Make sure the rules of your world are consistent.One of the qualities that set sci­fi novels apart from the works of fantasy and surrealism(超现实主义) is that no matter how strange or fantastic the world is, it still obeys internally consistent logic.__5__ But instead of being absurd, it must be understandable and in order for it to feel believable to the reader. A．Focus on character development. B．Make sure you're telling a good story. C．That said, writing science fiction requires many unique considerations. D．That logic will necessarily be different from the logic that governs reality. E．Before you start writing, have some sense of the question your novel is asking. F．A sci­fi novel set in a technologically backward world would violate the rules of the reality. G．World building is one of the most important parts of creating a compelling sci­fi story. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。创作小说是一个漫长且艰难的过程。文章说明了在科幻小说的创作中需要考虑的几个独特因素。 1．解析：选C　由空前句可知，创作科幻小说和创作其他任何小说一样，创作者都想要构建一个令人满意的情节、发展有趣的角色，写精湛、生动的散文。C项中的“That said”(话虽如此)表示转折，“requires many unique considerations”(需要很多独特的考虑因素)是对上一句的转折，同时引出本文的主题——写科幻小说时要考虑的几个因素，起到了承上启下的作用。故选C。 2．解析：选E　空后句“In sci­fi, those questions can be implicit or explicit.”说明“在科幻小说中，那些问题可以是含蓄的，也可以是明确的”。其中“those questions”与E项中的“have some sense of the question”相呼应，而且下文举例说明写科幻小说所提出的问题，多次提到question(s)。故选E。 3．解析：选B　该空位于段首，应为该段的主题句。空后句“It's one thing to have a great idea or situation, but that doesn't mean you have a story.”说明“有了好的想法或情景并不意味着你就有了一个故事”；B项中“telling a good story”与下文的“have a story”和“come up with an appealing story”相呼应。本段说明科幻小说要有吸引人的故事。故选B。 4．解析：选G　由此段首句“Create an interesting world.”可知本段介绍“创造一个有趣的世界”，G项中“World building”与“Create an interesting world”语义相符。所以G项(创造世界是创作一个引人入胜的科幻故事最重要的部分之一)符合该段的主题。故选G。 5．解析：选D　空前句表明“无论这个世界多么离奇荒诞，它仍然遵循内在一致的逻辑”；D项(那种逻辑必然与支配现实的逻辑不同)中的“That logic”指的就是上一句中的“internally consistent logic”。故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Spending a bunch of time hanging around the streets, you might be faced with one common problem 1.______ everyone experiences at least once, finding a toilet! By day, we can find a solution, like using restaurant toilets or even turning 2.______ the local shops for help in emergency situations, if there is no public toilet around. However, especially after midnight, people may have to embarrass 3.______(they) by urinating (小便) on street corners with the absence of an 4.______(access) bathroom. In the morning, it is easy to see that shop owners are left 5.______ (clean) the front of their stores, suffering from smelly smell. You might even have dreamed about a toilet, appearing over in the corner suddenly, exactly like the pop­up toilet Urilift does. The Urilift can solve this problem for all 6.______(gender). It is recessed (嵌入式的), so men can step into the structure 7.______ (get) some privacy. Urilady is a single room for the ladies. During the day, all 8.______ (lower) below street level for a nice and clean look. When it becomes night，9.______ operator comes by with a remote and the facilities hydraulically (通过水压) lift to sidewalk level in about two minutes. Sounds magical? Plus, a self­cleaning technology is another feature.10.______ (undoubted), finding a free toilet which rises from the ground is a pretty great option for any kind of emergency bathroom needs. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章通过生活中人们在街道上遇到要上厕所的尴尬情况，介绍了一种可以在夜间使用的新型的卫生间。 1．which/that　考查定语从句。句意：在街上闲逛一段时间，你可能会遇到一个每个人都至少经历过一次的共同问题，找厕所！分析可知，空白及之后的内容为定语从句，先行词为problem，在从句中作experience的宾语，所以用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。 2．to　考查固定短语。句意：白天我们可以找到解决办法，比如使用餐馆的厕所，或者在紧急情况下，如果附近没有公共厕所，甚至可以向当地的商店寻求帮助。短语： turn to sb./sth. for help“向某人/某物求助”，此处指我们可以向当地的商店寻求帮助，故填to。 3．themselves　考查反身代词。句意：然而，特别是在午夜之后，人们可能不得不在没有无障碍卫生间的街角小便，这让自己很难堪。分析可知，句子主语people，此处指在街角小便人们自己感到很难堪。当宾语和主语一致时，宾语要用反身代词，所以此处用themselves，故填themselves。 4．accessible　考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词用形容词，bathroom“卫生间”为名词，所以空白处用形容词accessible，故填accessible。 5．cleaning　考查非谓语动词。句意：早上，很容易看到店主一直在打扫他们店铺的前面，忍受着难闻的气味。分析可知，这里指晚上小便的人离开后，早上店主只能清理这些污秽的东西，空白处表示店主留下来，伴随的动作时清理，所以填现在分词作补语。故填cleaning。 6．genders　考查名词复数。句意：Urilift可以解决所有性别的问题。gender为可数名词，结合设空前all可知，此处应用复数含义。故填genders。 7．to get　考查非谓语动词。句意：这是凹进去的，这样男人们可以进入建筑物，获得一些私人空间。分析可知，空白及之后的内容为男性进入其中之后的目的，所以空处要用不定式。故填to get。 8. are lowered　考查时态和语态。句意：白天，所有的都低于街道的高度，以便看起来干净整洁。根据本句描述的内容，这是介绍这种嵌入式卫生间的特点，所以时态用一般现在时。主语all为复数含义，与动词lower为动宾关系，所以填are lowered。故填are lowered。 9. an　考查冠词。句意：当夜幕降临时，操作员带着遥控器和设备在两分钟内液压升降到人行道上。operator“操作员”为可数名词，且首个因素为元音因素，结合句中comes可知，此处泛指任何一个操作员，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。 10．Undoubtedly　考查副词。句意：毫无疑问，找一个从地面升起的免费厕所，对于任何紧急情况下的厕所来说，都是一个不错的选择。空白处在句中为状语，修饰整个句子，所以用副词，因处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Undoubtedly。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $