Unit 10 Part A Topic Talk & Lesson 1（教用Word）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册高中同步学案（北师大版）

本讲义围绕“人与社会——良好的人际关系与社会交往”主题，核心涵盖亲子矛盾及解决策略、“六度分隔”社会网络理论，系统梳理conflict、apologise等词汇用法及过去时被动语态语法点，构建从主题理解到语言应用的学习支架。 资料以贴近学生生活的亲子关系话题导入，结合“六度分隔”实验案例分析，通过词汇迁移应用、句式剖析及多样化练习，提升语言理解与表达能力，培养逻辑思维与问题解决能力，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后助力学生自主查漏补缺，强化知识掌握。

UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS 单元主题语境：人与社会——良好的人际关系与社会交往 In every conceivable manner, the family is a link to our past, bridge to our future. ——Alex Haley 在一切所能想到的方式里，家庭是我们联系过去的纽带、通向未来的桥梁。——亚历克斯·哈里 类文赏读　话题导入 Strangers Under The Same Roof Does every dinner with your parents seem to turn into a battle? Have your once warm and open conversations become cold and guarded? Do you feel that you just cannot see eye to eye with them1 on anything? You are not alone.Heated arguments and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents. Teenagers' physical changes may result in such family tensions2. You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up3 in height or getting left far behind. You might worry about your changing voice, weight problems or spots. When it all gets too much, your parents are often the first targets of your anger. It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental needs too. You enter a strange middle ground－no longer a small child but not quite an adult. You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents' love and support. You feel ready to be more responsible and make decisions on your own. Unfortunately, your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unhappy. “Why can't they just let me go？” you may wonder. On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient－sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride. It can be difficult when your parents treat you like a child but expect you to act like an adult. All of this can lead to a breakdown4 in your relationship. Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family, you can take action to improve the situation.The key to keeping the peace is regular and honest communication.When you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view. Perhaps they have experienced something similar and do not want you to go through the same pain.After you have thought it through5, explain your actions and feelings calmly, listen carefully, and address their concerns.Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will learn when to back down6 and when to ask your parents to relax their control. Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent­child tensions create, and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationshiop. The good news is that this stormy7 period will not last. Everything will turn out all right in the end, and the changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for adulthood. (选自译林版新教材必修第一册　Unit 2) 词汇积累 1．see eye to with sb.与某人看法一致 2．tension/tenn/n.紧张关系；紧张；拉伸 3．shoot up快速长高，蹿个儿 4．breakdown/breIkdan/n.(关系)破裂；故障 5．think sth.through充分考虑，想透 6．back down承认错误，认输 7．stormy/stmi/adj.激烈争吵的 靓名背诵 1．Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control. 通过这种健康的讨论，你会学会何时应该做出让步以及何时可以要求父母放松控制。 [句式分析]　 when to do结构作宾语。 2．Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent­child tensions create, and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship. 只要记住，无法轻松应对亲子关系紧张带来的压力是完全正常的，并且你和父母可以共同努力，改善你们的关系。 [句式分析]　 本句中出现了三个that引导的从句，其中第一和第三个是that引导的宾语从句；第二个是that引导的定语从句，先行词是stress。(这是边文，请据需要手工删加) (这是边文，请据需要手工删加) 英语　选择性必修第四册(BS)(这是双页眉，请据需要手工删加) UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS(这是单页眉，请据需要手工删加) Part A　Topic Talk & Lesson 1 Ⅰ.根据语境写出下列单词 1．the theory of “Six Degrees of Separation” “六度分隔”的理论 2．a chain of supermarkets连锁超市 3．a general impression of sb.对某人的整体印象 4．social networks 社交网络 5．a random sample随机抽样 6．a parcel of food and clothing 一个装着食品和衣物的包裹 7．release the result of the investigation公布调查结果 8．a bimonthly magazine一本双月刊杂志 9．a memorable phrase一个难忘的习语 10．an active sociologist一个活跃的社会学家 Ⅱ.用适当的介词或副词填空 1．Dolphins use sound to communicate with each other. 2．The police tried to find out who was responsible for the accident. 3．The novel is based on a true story. 4．The old soldier referred to his experiences during the Long March. 5．He is known as a successful architect. 6．Buildings and docks must be connected to the road network. 7．English is used as a useful tool in our country. 8．The company's financial losses were due to poor management. Ⅲ. 根据课文补全下列句式 1．The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929, in_which_he_introduced_the_idea_of_friendship_networks (在书中他提出了友谊网络的概念) and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks. 2．Then, more films and TV programmes based_on_the_concept (基于这一理念的) were made and broadcast. 1．Well, sometimes conflicts will come up, but never for very long.(教材P107) 哦，有时会有冲突，但不会持续太久。 　◆conflict n．抵触，冲突，矛盾 His naughty son was involved in a conflict. 他淘气的儿子参与了一起冲突事件。 There is a conflict between what they are doing and what you want. 他们正在做的和你想要的之间存在冲突。 [词汇拓展] a conflict between... and... 　　　　　……和……之间的冲突 in conflict with...　和……冲突 come into conflict 发生冲突 conflict vi. 抵触；冲突 conflict with... 和……发生冲突 conflict over 为……发生冲突 There is a conflict between the two. 这两者之间存在冲突。 She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career. 她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着冲突。 The farmers came into conflict over land and water. 农民们为土地和水发生了冲突。 [迁移应用] 单句填空 (1)The scientists said their findings don't conflict with each other. (2)In America there are often conflicts between employers and employees. 完成句子 (3)踢足球时两名学生因一名学生踢了另一名学生的脚而发生了冲突。 While playing football, the two students came_into_conflict because one kicked the other on the foot. (4)有时，我们的想法和现实会发生冲突。 At times, our thoughts are in_conflict_with reality. 2．Instead of staying in our flat, feeling angry about the noise, we went over to their flat, told them how unhappy the noise was making us and they apologised and said they would make less noise from then on.(教材P107) 对噪音感到气愤的我们没有待在我们的公寓，而是去了他们的公寓，告诉他们噪音让我们很不高兴，他们道歉了，并说从今往后他们将减少噪音。 　◆apologise vi.道歉，谢罪 If it's your fault, you need to apologise. 如果是你的错，你就需要道歉。 [词汇拓展] apologise for (doing) sth.因(做)某事道歉 apologise to sb. 向某人道歉 apologise to sb. for (doing) sth. 　　　　　　　为(某)事向某人道歉 apology n. 道歉 make an apology (to sb.) for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事(向某人) 道歉 owe sb. an apology 该向某人道歉 It's normal for a father to apologise to his son. 一个父亲向儿子道歉是正常的。 You must apologise for what you have done. 你必须为你所做的事道歉。 The coach made a public apology for the players' bad performances. 教练为运动员们的糟糕表现公开道歉。 [迁移应用] 单句填空 (1)My brother apologised for not attending my wedding. (2)Arriving at home, Mrs.Black received a message of apology (apologise) from her friend. 完成句子 (3)让你等这么久，我应该向你道歉。 I owe_you_an_apology_for keeping you waiting for such a long time. 3．“Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theroy that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.(教材P8) “六度分隔”理论指的是地球上任何人都可通过不超过另外5个人的联结与其他任何人联系起来。 　◆refer to提及，指的是，参考 The mother told her kids not to refer to that matter. 那位妈妈让她的孩子们别再提那件事了。 I was not referring to her when I said so. 当我那么说时，我并不是指她。 [词汇拓展1] refer to the dictionary/notes 　　　　　　　查词典/笔记 reference n. 提及；查阅 a reference book 参考书 in reference to 关于 While taking a test, you shouldn't refer to your notes. 进行测试时，你不应该查笔记。 Last weekend, I bought a very good reference book. 上周末我买了一本十分好的参考书。 I have nothing to say in reference to that incident. 关于那次事件，我无话可说。 [迁移应用1] 单句填空 (1)Mr.Green, could you tell us what the word“it” in this sentence refers to? (2)The parents felt worried because their daughter didn't make any reference (refer) to her life abroad in her letter. (3)The professor referred(refer) to in the video is in practice a very famous expert in AI. 完成句子 (4)我给你写信，是关于你们在报纸上发布的招聘职位的信息。 I am writing to you in_reference_to the position advertised in the newspaper. ◆connect vt. & vi.连接；联结；使有关系；沟通，相处 Taste and smell are closely connected. 味觉和嗅觉是密切相关的。 The two cities are connected by a railway. 那两个城市由铁路相连。 [词汇拓展2] connect... to...　把……和……连接 connect sb. (with sb.) 给某人接通(某人的) 电话 connect... with.. 把……和……联系 在一起 connect with 与……沟通 be connected to 连接到…… be connected with 与……有关系 connection n. 联结；连接；人际关系 a loose connection 接触不良 have (no) connection with 和……(没)有关系 there is a connection between...and... 在……和……之间 有关系 in connection with 关于，与……有关 There is no evidence to connect them with the conflict. 没有证据把他们和这次冲突联系在一起。 The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others. 成功的聊天的关键在于要学会如何与他人沟通交流。 There is a connection between the tide and the moon. 潮汐和月亮有关系。 [迁移应用2] 单句填空 (1)The discussion is connected with the incident happening in the workshop. (2)They couldn't find a computer connected (connect) to the Internet. (3)Experts believe that there is a connection between smoking and lung cancer. 完成句子 (4)你的灯忽明忽暗，一定是接触不良。 Your light goes on and off.There must be a_loose_connection． (5)4名年轻人因与盗窃案有关而受到审问。 Four young men were questioned in_connection_with the theft. 4．He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.(教材P9) 他在美国中部随机抽取一部分人作为样本，让他们给马萨诸塞州的一位陌生人寄包裹。 　◆random adj.随机的，随意的 Children's words and actions are often fairly random. 孩子们的言行往往是相当随意的。 We do random things like asking people questions in the street and testing sports clothing. 我们做一些随机的事，比如在街上问人们问题和测试运动服装。 [词汇拓展] a random sample　　　随机抽取的样品 a random selection 任意选择的东西 random remarks 随便说的话 random n. 随意 at random 随机地，随意地 randomly adv. 随机地，随意地 The survey used a random sample of two thousand people across England and Wales. 该调查在英格兰和威尔士随机抽取了2 000人。 We received several answers, and we picked one at random. 我们收到了几个答案，然后随机挑选了一个。 The winning numbers are randomly selected by computer. 中奖号码是由电脑随机选取的。 [迁移应用] 单句填空 (1)In the study, tasks are randomly (random) distributed to volunteers. (2)By talking about her problems at random, she becomes less upset. 完成句子 (3)在仪式上他只是随便说了一此话。 At the ceremony, he just made_a_few_random_remarks． 5．Amazingly, it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered, and once released, the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today.(教材P9) 令人惊讶的是，这些包裹只需通过5到7个人就能送到正确的人手中。结果一经公布，便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上 。 　◆deliver vi.& vt.递送；传送　vt.发表；接生 Once his message was delivered, he allowed me to stay and watch. 他的信息一经传达，他就让我留下来观看。 [词汇拓展] deliver sth.to sb.　把某物交付给某人 deliver a message 带信，传话 deliver a speech 发表演讲 deliver a baby 助产，接生 delivery n. 传递，递送，运送；生产， 分娩；讲话方式，风度 on delivery 送达时，到货时 I am honoured to be given such a chance to deliver a speech to you. 我很荣幸能有这样一个机会向你们发表演讲。 Her baby was delivered by her own doctor. 她的孩子是由她自己的医生接生的。 Can we pay for this phone with cash on delivery, Mark? 马克，我们买这部手机可以货到付款吗？ [迁移应用] 单句填空 (1)Whatever you buy from our store, the delivery (deliver) is free of charge. (2)You can pay for the goods on delivery. (3)All these supplies must be delivered to them without delay. 6．Then, more films and TV programmes based on the concept were made and broadcast.(教材P9) 随后，更多基于这一理论的影视节目相继拍摄和播出。 　◆base n．底部；基地，大本营；基础　vt.以……为基础 At the base of the mountain is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3，000 metres. 山脚下是一片雨林。它在3 000米处戛然终止。 [词汇拓展] at the base of...　 在……底部 an air base 空军基地 base...on/upon... 使……基于…… be based on/upon 以……为基础 basic adj. 基本的，基础的；初级的 basis n. 基础 I base my hopes on the good news we had yesterday. 我把希望寄托在我们昨天得到的好消息上。 Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。 These facts are basic to an understanding of the case. 这些事实是了解这一案件的基础。 [词语辨析] base 可用作名词、动词或形容词，作名词时表示具体的有形事物的底部或军事基地 basis 仅用作名词，表示抽象的无形事物的基础 [迁移应用] 单句填空 (1)The famous writer's new novel is based on/upon historic facts. (2)On top of the basic (base) salary, there are numerous other benefits. 7．The idea of the game was to link any actor to Kevin Bacon, a famous American actor and musician, through on more than six links.(教材P9) 这个游戏的玩法是通过不超过6个联结将任意一个演员与美国著名演员、音乐家凯文·贝肯联系起来。 　◆no more than只有，不超过，不过 There is room for no more than three cars. 这地方只能停放不超过3辆车。 A good tip for summer eating is to limit frozen treats like ice cream to no more than once a week. 一个夏季饮食的好建议是每周食用冰激凌这样的冷冻食品不超过一次。 The place they live in is no more than a cottage. 他们所住的地方只不过是一个村舍。 more than　　　超过，多于；非常，十分； 不只是，不仅仅是 more...than... 与其说……倒不如 说……；比……更… not more than 不超过，至多 do more good than harm　利大于弊 do more harm than good 弊大于利 His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. 然而，他的访问所涉及的范围远远不止于此。 Bill is more shy than impolite. 与其说比尔没有礼貌，倒不如说他是害羞。 This main avenue was not more than eight feet wide. 这条主道的宽度不超过8英尺。 [迁移应用] 完成句子 (1)如果你只想着赚钱，那么你不过是钱的仆人。 If you only think of earning money, then you are no_more_than its servant. (2)我们英语老师对我们很友好，与其说他是我们的老师，倒不如说他是我们的朋友。 Our English teacher is so kind to us that he is more our friend than our teacher. (3)如果我们告诉他真相，可能弊大于利。 If we tell him the truth, it may do_more_harm_than_good． 8．The experiment involved 24，163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries.(教材P9) 这项实验涉及24 163个电子邮件链接，覆盖了来自13个不同国家的18个目标人物。 　◆involve vt.涉及，参与；牵连；包括 The treatment does not involve the use of any artificial drugs. 这种疗法不涉及任何人造药物的使用。 [词汇拓展] involve doing sth. 涉及做某事 involve sb.in (doing) sth. 使某人参与(做)某事 involved adj. 复杂的；纠缠的；有关的 get/be involved in 卷入，专注于，涉及 be involved with 关注，和……有关系 involvement n. 参与，加入，沉迷，牵连 Running your own business usually involves working long hours. 经营你自己的生意通常涉及长时间的工作。 Try to involve as many children as possible in the game. 让尽可能多的孩子参与到游戏中来。 How many vehicles were involved in the crash? 这次撞车事故涉及多少辆汽车？ He spoke honestly about his involvement in the affair. 他直言不讳地说他与该事件有牵连。 [迁移应用] 单句填空 (1)I suspect that he is more or less involved in the affair. (2)His new book examines the United States' involvement (involve) in World War Ⅱ. (3)Your working task involves selling (sell) all these products. (4)In addition to studies, students should also get involved (involve) in lots of extra­curricular activities. 9．The results confirmed that the average number of links in the chain was six.(教材P9) 实验结果证实，联络链上的平均连接数量是6个。　◆confirm v．证实 The news that the mayor resigned was at last confirmed. 市长辞职的消息最终得到了证实。 [词汇拓展] confirm sth.　　证实某事 confirm that... 证实/确认…… it's/it has been confirmed that... 已经确定…… confirm sb.in one's belief that... 某人更加坚信…… confirmation n. 证实，确认书 confirmable adj. 可证实的 confirmed adj. 习惯的，根深蒂固的，得到 确认的 The police confirmed that the diamond in the museum had been stolen. 警察证实博物馆里的钻石被偷了。 Many people have claimed to have seen the aliens, which is not confirmable. 许多人声称看到过外星人，但这是无法证实的。 They took her resignation as confirmation of their suspicions. 他们认为她的辞职证实了他们的猜疑。 [迁移应用] 单句填空 (1)The crowd were waiting outside the hall for the confirmation (confirm) of the news. (2)What we saw confirmed what we had suspected. (3)Experts has confirmed that this kind of food is harmless to us. 完成句子 (4)已经证实丢失的婴儿已经找到了。 It_has_been_confirmed_that the lost baby has been found. (5)这起坠机事件使我更坚信我们需要更健全的安全法规。 The airplane crash confirms_me_in_my_belief_that stronger safety regulations are needed. 1．Didn't you argue or fight with each other when you were children？(教材P107) 当你们还是孩子的时候，难道你们没有过争吵或打架吗？ 　[句式剖析]　这是一个否定形式的一般疑问句，可译为“难道……不……吗？”。 Don't you know they have moved to Shanghai? 难道你不知道他们已经搬去上海了吗？ [句式拓展] 此类否定形式的一般疑问句往往含有惊讶、意外等语气，常不需要作出回答。当对其作出回答时，答案肯定则应用Yes，后面用表示肯定的简略回答形式；答案否定则应用No，后面用表示否定的简略回答形式。 —Didn't you go to the movie with her last weekend? —Yes，I did. ——上周末你没和她一道去看电影吗？ ——不，我和她一起去了。 [迁移应用] 完成句子 (1)——难道你现在不住在这座城市了吗？ ——不，我住在这儿。 —Don't_you_live in this city now? —Yes,_I do． (2)——昨天你没听那个报告吗？ ——对，我没听。 —Didn't_you_attend the lecture yesterday? —No,_I didn't． 2．Amazingly, it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered, and once released, the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today.(教材P9) 令人惊讶的是，这些包裹只需通过5到7个人就能送到正确的人手中。结果一公布，便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。 　[句式剖析]　此处的once released是状语从句的省略，其完整形式为once the results were released。 We all believe that the professor's book, once published, will be popular. 我们都相信那位教授的书一经出版，将会很受欢迎。 [句式拓展] 在when, while等引导的时间状语从句，if, unless, once, though, although等引导的让步状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致并含有be动词时，常可将主语和be动词省略。if/when it is possible/necessary等可省略为if/when possible/necessary。 The flowers will grow better if(they are) watered often. 这些花如果经常浇水会长得更好。 While (he was) waiting for his train, Mr.Black read the Chinese novel. 布莱克先生等火车时读了那本中国小说。 If (it is) possible, we will go and visit you next weekend. 如果有可能，我们下周末会去看你。 [迁移应用] 完成句子 (1)这样的事一旦发生就会导致严重的后果。 Such a thing, once_happening,_will result in serious effects. (2)这些细节如果被忽视，将会导致严重的后果。 These details, if_neglected/ignored , will cause serious consequences. (3)如果有必要，我会告诉他真相的。 If_necessary,_I'll tell him the truth. (4)尽管知道很难按时完成这项任务，我们还是没有放弃。 Though/Although_knowing that we can't finish the task on time, we don't give up. 3．In the last few decades, the theory and the phrase have appeared again.(教材P9) 在过去的几十年里，这一理论和说法又再次出现。 　[句式剖析]　in the last few decades表示“在过去的几十年里”，常和现在完成时态连用。 In the last few decades, science and technology has developed rapidly. 在过去的几十年里，科技迅猛发展。 In the last few decades, a large quantity of railways have been built in China. 在过去的几十年里，中国已经建起了很多铁路。 [句式拓展] 类似“in the last＋一段时间”的时间状语还有：during the last...、during the past...、in the past...、over the last...、over the past...。 The musician along with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months. 在过去的三个月里，这位音乐家和他的乐队成员已经进行了十场演出。 China's high­speed railways have grown from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometres in the past few years. 中国高铁的里程在过去的几年内已经从9 000千米增加到25 000千米。 [迁移应用] 完成句子 (1)在过去的几周里，中国北方的许多城市一直饱受大雾之苦，大雾给人们带来了极大的不便。 Over the past several weeks, many clties in Northern China have_been_suffering_from heavy fogs, causing great inconvenience to people. (2)在过去的10年里，那位乡村老师已经帮助了数百名女孩上大学。 Over the last ten years, the village teacher has_helped hundreds of girls attend college. 过去时中的被动语态 Activity 1　规律探究 感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题 1．The concept was first talked about as long ago as in the 1920s. 2．In the 1950s, an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically. 3．Once the parcel had been received by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person. 4．Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film. 5．Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States. 方框中的句子用了被动语态，其中句1、句2、句4是一般过去时的被动语态，构成was/were_done；句3是过去完成时的被动语态，构成是had_been_done；句5是过去进行时的被动语态，构成是was/were_being_done。 Activity 2　语法精析 Passive Forms in the Past 英语的动词的语态可分为主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主动语态和被动语态可以相互转化。 一、基本用法 　被动语态有“be＋过去分词”构成，不同时态的被动语态的差别在于be的不同时态形式。下面主要讲解三种表示过去的被动语态。 时态 构成 一般过去式 was/were done 过去进行时 was/were being done 过去完成时 had been done Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system. 全国各地的研究人员被召集到一起来开发这个新的体系。 To our shock, some new computers were stolen last night. 令我们震惊的是，昨晚一些新电脑被盗了。 We couldn't use the reading room, because it was being repaired. 我们不能使用阅览室，因为它正在被修缮。 When we got to the cinema, all the tickets had been sold out. 我们到达电影院时，票已经售完。 二、如何变被动语态 　主动语态在变为被动语态时，通常都是将原来的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语若为人称代词，要将其变为主格；原来的谓语变为“be＋过去分词”形式；原来的主语在被动句中由by引出，主语若为人称代词，要变为宾格，有时by短语可以省略。 Someone broke the window.→The window was broken by someone. 有人打破了窗户。 Julia was drawing a picture.→A picture was being drawn by Julia. 朱莉娅正在画一幅画。 Tom had finished his homework before his mother came back home.→Tom's homework had been finished before his mother came back home. 妈妈回家前汤姆已经把作业写完了。 [注意] 1．“主语＋谓语＋双宾语”结构变为被动语态时，可以将两个宾语中的任何一个宾语作为被动句的主语，直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，句子又有两种：一种可以转化为带介词to的结构，一种可以转化为带介词for的结构。 She gave me a nice gift.→A nice gift was given to me by her./I was given a nice gift by her. 她给了我一件很漂亮的礼物。 My mother made me a nice cake.→A nice cake was made for me by my mother. 妈妈给我做了一个漂亮的蛋糕。 2．“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，应将主动句中的宾语变为主语，宾语补足语形式不变，但相应地成为主语补足语。不带to的不定式作宾语补足语在句子变为被动时要加上to(let除外)。 We made Mr.White leader of the team.→Mr.White was made leader of the team. 我们选怀特先生为队长。 You don't have to make Peter work hard.→Peter doesn't have to be made to work hard. 你没有必要逼迫彼得努力学习。 3．有些及物动词或及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。常见的这类动词或动词短语有： have有　　　　　　　cost花费 lack缺少 own拥有 suit适合 hold容纳，装得下 fit适合 belong to属于 wish希望 suffer from遭受 take part in参加 date back to追溯到 4．不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。常见的这类动词或动词短语有： happen/take place/occur (to)发生 remain剩下 break out爆发 last持续 come out出版 come up被提出 lose heart失去信心 run out用完 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．He is being treated at the clinic (诊所). 2．The gallery (美术馆) possesses a number of the artist's early works. 3．The city is providing free transportation to the stadium (体育场) from downtown. 4．Hot and cold food is available in the cafeteria (自助餐厅). 5．The smell is very familiar to everyone who lives near the bakery (面包烘房). 6．The information is processed in a random (随机的) order. 7．There is a parcel (邮包) and some letters for you. 8．The new software is planned for release (发行) in May. 9．Our annual has changed into a bimonthly (两月一次的) publication. 10．I got his point and learned a new phrase (习语). Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．It is a statement in conflict with other evidence. 2．She is still angry and refuses to accept my apology (apologise). 3．He often envies (envy) me having such a close family. 4．We were greatly disturbed (disturb) by global warming. 5．Disagreement (disagree) arose about exactly how to plan the show. 6．He needs all the support and encouragement (encourage) he can get. 7．We can just hang out and have a good time. 8．There are some excellent galleries (gallery) in this city. 9．My cousin came to see me from the countryside, bringing (bring) me a full basket of fresh fruits. 10．More than one farmer singer has (have) appeared on the stage of the Spring Festival Gala like Zhu Zhiwen. Ⅲ.短语填空 come into conflict, apologise to sb. for, call on, hang out, out of envy 1．She often comes_into_conflict with her mother. 2．His attitude towards me is out_of_envy． 3．The government called_on us to donate money to the poor children. 4．Tom hung_out with his friends in the street last night. 5．I should apologise_to you for my mistake. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $