课时作业(8)Unit 12 Part B Lesson 2 & Lesson 3（Word练习）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册高中同步学案（北师大版）

课时作业(八)　UNIT 12　Part B Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．It is caused during development by high incubation (孵化) temperature. 2．The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced their evaluation (评价) of the service. 3．Matter plays a central role in cosmology_ (宇宙学). 4．I want advice that's realistic rather than theoretical (理论的). 5．She overcame (克服) injury to win the Olympic gold medal last year. 6．The swimmer emerged_ (浮现) from the lake all of a sudden. 7．Children weary me with their constant (不断的) inquiries and demands. 8．In the age of global competition, we must encourage innovation (创新) to make the company remain competitive. 9．A person's behaviour is often regulated_ (约束) by his circumstances. 10. They met through a lot of coincidences_ (巧合). Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．He spent 7 days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry (hunger). 2．Her sudden arrival prevented him going (go) out. 3．Despite the heavy snow, he managed to come. 4．By 1989 that business became one of the biggest suppliers (supplier) of music to television. 5．Her parents don't allow her to_stay (stay) out late. 6．He was late for work. That was because he was stuck in a traffic jam. 7．Insurance costs was_reduced (reduce) for houses fitted with window locks later. 8．They have successfully (successful) communicated their knowledge to others. 9．As a result, he found himself (him) cheated by the young man. Ⅲ.短语填空 hear about, rather than, a number of, in spite of, prevent...from..., look for, be diagnosed with, be proud of 1．In_spite_of the fog, the crew can distinguish the coastline fairly well. 2．I would stay at home rather_than go shopping with you. 3．Although his illness had prevented him from studying, he managed to pass the exam. 4．We are pleased to hear_about the news that you won the game. 5．The children like to look_for shells on the seashore. 6．He is so excellent that his parents are_proud_of him. 7．A few years ago, the actor was_diagnosed a strange disease which was difficult to cure. 8．Not only was she the owner of this building, but a_number_of other buildings as well. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．令我们感到宽慰的是，孩子们最终安然无恙地到了家里。 To our relief, the children returned home safe_and_sound at last. 2．他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。 He not_only_read this book, but_also remembered what he had read. 3．尽管天气不好，运动会将按时举行。 In_spite_of_the_bad_weather,_the sports meeting will be held on time. 4．孩子们不被准许收看暴力电视节目。 The children are_not_allowed_to_watch violent TV programmes. 5．在她18岁的时候，她赢得了比赛一等奖。 At_the_age_of 18, she won the first prize in the competition. 6．山东省以丰富的农产品而出名。 Shandong Province is_famous_for its abundant agricultural resources. 7．在老师们的帮助下，我们完成了所有的任务。 With_the_help_of our teachers, we have finished all the tasks. 8．由于干旱，明年将有数百万人面临饥饿的威胁。 As_a_result_of the drought, millions of people will face starvation next year. Ⅴ.阅读理解 A I know when the snow melts and the first robins (知更鸟) come to call，when the laughter of children returns to the parks and playgrounds，something wonderful is about to happen. Spring cleaning. I'll admit spring cleaning is a difficult notion (概念) for modern families to grasp.Today's busy families hardly have time to load the dishwasher，much less clean the doormat.Asking the family to spend the weekend collecting winter dog piles from the melting snow in the backyard is like announcing there will be no more WiFi.It interrupts the natural order. “Honey，what say we spend the weekend beating the rugs，sorting through the boxes in the basement and painting our bedroom a nice lemony yellow？” I say. “Can we at least wait until the NBA matches are over？” my husband answers. But I tell my family，spring cleaning can't wait.The temperature has risen just enough to melt snow but not enough for Little League practice to start.Some flowers are peeking out of the thawing ground，but there is no lawn to seed，nor garden to tend.Newly wakened from our winter's hibernation (冬眠)，yet still needing extra blankets at night，we open our windows to the first fresh air floating on the breeze and all of the natural world demanding “Awake and be clean！”． Biologists offer a theory about this primal impulse to clean out every drawer and closet in the house at spring's first light，which has to do with melatonin，the sleepytime hormone (激素) our bodies produce when it's dark.When spring's light comes，the melatonin diminishes，and suddenly we are awakened to the dusty，virusfilled house we've been hibernating in for four months. I tell my family about the science and psychology of a good healthy cleaning at spring's arrival. I speak to them about life's greatest rewards waiting in the removal of soap scum from the bathtub，which hasn't been properly cleaned since the first snowfall. “I'll do it，” says the eldest child，a 21yearold college student who lives at home. “You will？Wow！” I exclaim. Maybe after all these years，he's finally grasped the concept.Maybe he's expressing his rightful position as eldest child and role model.Or maybe he's going to Florida for a break in a couple of weeks and he's being nice to me who is the financialaid officer. No matter.Seeing my adult son willingly cleaning that dirty bathtub gives me hope for the future of his 12yearold brother who，instead of working，is found to be sleeping in the seat of the window he is supposed to be cleaning. “Awake and be clean！” I say. [语篇解读]　文章主要讲述的是春季家庭大扫除的重要性和进行大扫除的科学原因。 1．According to the passage，“...spring cleaning is a difficult notion for modern families to grasp” means that spring cleaning ______． A．is no longer an easy practice to understand B．is no longer part of modern family life C．requires more family members to be involved D．calls for more complicated skills and knowledge 解析：选B　词句猜测题。根据后文“It interrupts the natural order”可知，这打扰了自然顺序，说明现在已经没有多少家庭保留春季大扫除这个传统做法了。故选B项。 2．Which of the following is LEAST likely to be included in family spring cleaning? A．Beating the rugs. B．Cleaning the window. C．Restoring WiFi services. D．Cleaning the backyard. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Asking the family to spend the weekend collecting winter dog piles from the melting snow in the backyard is like announcing there will be no more WiFi.”可推知，这里表示让家人进行大扫除就像宣布不再有WiFi了的情况一样困难，并不是表示需要重置WiFi。故选C项。 3．Which of the following interpretations of the biologists' theory about melatonin is INCORRECT? A.The production of melatonin in our bodies varies at different times. B．Melatonin is more likely to cause sleepiness in our bodies. C．The reduction of melatonin will cause wakefulness in our bodies. D．The amount of melatonin remains constant in our bodies. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第七段中“When spring's light comes，the melatonin diminishes，and suddenly we are awakened to the dusty，virusfilled house we've been hibernating in for four months.”可知，褪黑素逐渐减少是我们清醒的原因，表明褪黑素是会变化的，不是一直不变的。故选D项。 4．Which of the following can best sum up the author's overall reaction to her adult son's positive response to spring cleaning? A．Surprised and skeptical. B．Joyful and hesitant. C．Relieved and optimistic. D．Optimistic and hesitant. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“No matter.Seeing my adult son willingly cleaning that dirty bathtub gives me hope for the future of his 12yearold brother”可推知，作者对成年儿子对春季大扫除的积极反应的感觉是如释重负和乐观的。故选C项。 B British shoppers buy 2.15 million tonnes of clothing and shoes annually，yet UK citizens have an estimated ￡30 billion worth of unused clothing gathering dust at the back of the wardrobe(衣柜).But new technology could see the end of that，with the garments themselves giving owners a gentle reminder of their existence. “Smart clothes” could help us clear out our drawers by sending messages or tweeting us if they haven't been worn for a good while.If these alerts are ignored，the garments will get in touch with a clothing charity and ask to be reused，with an organization automatically sending out donation information.They could also be programmed to put themselves up for auction(拍卖) on eBay. Academics at Birmingham City University are developing the “connected wardrobe” to encourage more suitable clothes consumption.The concept sees garments tagged(给……加标签) using washable contactless technology，known as radiofrequency identification. Mark Brill，senior lecturer at Birmingham City，said：“Think of the surprise when an owner suddenly receives bids for items they didn't know were in their wardrobe”． “The connected wardrobe is a practical，pleasant concept to encourage people to think about their clothing consumption.Finally，I hope it will encourage more appropriate fashion consumption.” He added，“Perhaps we can even move away from the idea of ‘ownership’ of clothing.When we've worn them enough，the items will pass themselves on to their next keeper to wear.” It follows in the footsteps of the “Internet of Things”—a concept that sees ordinary household items connecting to the Internet in order to share information.From adjusting your alarm clock to monitoring the temperature of your home，the Internet is changing the way we live. Now，the “Internet of Clothes” will see that neglected garments will tweet and text the owners “asking” to be worn depending on the weather and frequency of wear.Clothes will keep track of other information such as who owned it previously，as well as how much it originally cost，who made it and how much the worker was paid for it. [语篇解读]　文章介绍了新型“智能衣服”和“智能衣柜”，而这一科技发明可以帮助人们更好地管理自己的衣服，树立正确的消费观念。 5．What does the author say about “smart clothes”？ A．They have gained in popularity. B．They may be donated on eBay. C．They may be recycled if long forgotten. D．They give warnings if worn out. 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第二段中的“‘Smart clothes’ could help us clear out our drawers by sending messages or tweeting us if they haven't been worn for a good while.If these alerts are ignored，the garments will get in touch with a clothing charity and ask to be reused，with an organization automatically sending out donation information.”可知，关于“智能衣服”，如果它们长期被遗忘，它们可能会被(服装慈善机构)回收利用。故选C项。 6．How does Mark Brill find the “connected wardrobe”？ A．It changes people's shopping habits. B．It helps people buy cheaper clothes. C．It improves consumers' confidence. D．It contributes to right consumption attitudes. 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第五段“‘The connected wardrobe is a practical，pleasant concept to encourage people to think about their clothing consumption.Finally，I hope it will encourage more appropriate fashion consumption.’ He added，“Perhaps we can even move away from the idea of ‘ownership’ of clothing.When we've worn them enough，the items will pass themselves on to their next keeper to wear.”可知Mark Brill认为智能衣柜是一个实用、愉悦的概念，它鼓励人们思考自己的服装消费和更合适的时尚消费，说明智能衣柜有助于人们树立正确的消费态度。故选D项。 7．What is indicated in the last two paragraphs? A．Clothes are sold online at a low price. B．Internet is a platform to share items. C．Clothes can be a source of information. D．Weather affects the connected wardrobe. 解析：选C　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Clothes will keep track of other information such as who owned it previously，as well as how much it originally cost，who made it and how much the worker was paid for it.”，可知智能衣服会记录一些信息，说明衣服可以是信息的来源。故选C项。 8．What's the author's attitude to the new technology? A．Approving.　　　　B．Skeptical. C．Critical. D．Uninterested. 解析：选A　推理判断题。由第一段“British shoppers buy 2.15 million tonnes of clothing and shoes annually，yet UK citizens have an estimated ￡30 billion worth of unused clothing gathering dust at the back of the wardrobe(衣柜).But new technology could see the end of that，with the garments themselves giving owners a gentle reminder of their existence.”，可知英国公民有价值300亿英镑的未使用过的服装在衣柜后面积满灰尘，这是很浪费的，作者认为新技术会改变这一现象，说明作者对新技术是赞成的(Approving)。故选A项。 C Modern buildings are set up on a large scale in cities. Should they be allowed to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine why people want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons—for example, economic reasons—why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed? In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my hometown where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area. It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old ones too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative (保守的) and do not like change. Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move_things_forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be a more risky choice. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章对于现在人们经常讨论的问题——现代的建筑是否应该和古老的历史建筑在一起——进行了阐述，在作者看来，历史建筑应该保存，但是我们的建筑风格也应该改变，不应让历史建筑禁锢我们的生活。 9．What is the author's view of historical buildings in Paragraph 1? A．Some of them are unattractive. B．Many of them are too old to preserve. C．They don't offer the historic feel of an area. D.They are more pleasing than modern buildings. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Not all historical buildings are attractive.”可知，作者认为并非所有的历史建筑都有吸引力。故选A项。 10．Which of the following does the author mostly agree with? A.We should reproduce the same old buildings. B.Buildings shouldn't fit in with their surroundings. C．Some old buildings have reduced the interest of the area they are in. D．No one knows why people are against new buildings. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old ones too.”可知，确实有一些新建筑破坏了他们所在的地区(原有的风格)，但是同样的情况也发生在一些老建筑上。故选C项。 11．The underlined words “move things forward” mean ________． A．destroy old buildings B．put things in a different place C．respect people's feelings D．choose new architectural styles 解析：选D　词义猜测题。第四段中的“Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings”意为“尽管我们必须尊重人们作为建筑物的使用者的感受”，根据Although可知，前后分句应为让步关系，再根据“Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be a more risky choice.”(因此，我反对复制以前的建筑风格，并选择一些新颖的和不同的风格，尽管这可能是个更冒险的选择)可知，“move things forward”在此处指的是“选择新的建筑风格”。故选D项。 12．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To explain why people dislike change. B．To warn that we could end up living in caves. C．To answer the questions people show great interest in. D．To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas. 解析：选D　推理判断题。文章主要针对“现代的建筑是否应该和古老的历史建筑在一起”进行了阐述，最后一段还说明了作者认为在建筑方面应该选择一些新颖的东西和风格而不是一味的复制以前的风格。故选D项。 Ⅵ.七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 As parents，we must teach our children the importance and value of honesty from an early age.However，teaching our children to be honest isn't the same as teaching them to tie their shoes.__1____ Otherwise，they'll prefer to lie in order to avoid being punished. __2__ Lying in order to receive objects or attention are two main ones.Another one is to avoid punishment—parents should be careful with this one.Being too strict can result in children's lying more often. When should we start teaching them the difference between lies and the truth？Children under the age of 3 don't have the ability to understand the importance of values.As soon as they turn 3，however，it's important for parents to watch carefully.It isn't enough for parents to teach.We must also observe our child's behavior.__3___ Rewarding children can be a great motivation for their learning.__4__ This will help create a trustful environment within the family.At the same time，we shouldn't let our children hear us lying.Parents are the models that their children follow，and therefore a lot will depend on a parent's behavior. As our children grow up，it's important to teach them the value of honesty.__5__ It's important for them to realize that telling lies prevents us from helping them in the most appropriate way. A．Let them understand the value of telling the truth. B．Even if we're honest，our children may not be honest. C．This will allow us to find out what makes the child lie. D．We can't correct children's behavior through punishment. E．They will start to link honesty with something positive. F．Specialists in child psychology have listed the reasons why children lie. G．Punishment and anger don't always work when trying to stop children from lying. [语篇解读]　文章论述了作为父母，要从孩子小时候就要教育他们诚实的重要性。 1．解析：选D　根据下文“Otherwise，they'll prefer to lie in order to avoid being punished.”可知，D项切题，其中“punishment”与下文中的“punished”是同根词复现。故选D。 2．解析：选F　根据下文“Lying in order to receive objects or attention are two main ones.Another one is to avoid punishment—parents should be careful with this one.”可知，孩子说谎的主要原因是为了得到东西或引起注意以及逃避惩罚，F项切题；下文中提到的儿童撒谎的原因是对F项中“the reasons why children lie”的具体说明。故选F。 3．解析：选C　根据上文“We must also observe our child's behavior.”可知，父母除了教育孩子不要撒谎之外，还必须观察孩子的行为，C项切题，其中“this”指代上文中的“observe our child's behavior”，C项是承接上文的话题。故选C。 4．解析：选E　根据上文“Rewarding children can be a great motivation for their learning.”可知，奖励孩子可以成为他们学习的一大动力，E项切题；上文中的“rewarding children”是原因，E项中“link honesty with something positive”是结果。故选E。 5．解析：选A　根据上文“As our children grow up，it's important to teach them the value of honesty.”可知，随着孩子们的成长，教育他们诚实的价值是很重要的，A项切题，其中“the value of telling the truth”与上文中的“the value of honesty”语义相同。故选A。 Ⅶ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 On Christmas Eve, 73yearold George selected his food carefully.Skim milk was $2.99，white bread 89 cents with a 10cent discount.Leaving the cashier，he calculated that he had saved 80 cents today. At the exit, the wind reminded him of his gloves.“Where are they？” Not in the coat pockets.Not in the grocery bag either.He was sure he was wearing them when he entered the store.He clearly remembered putting them into the pocket of this coat.George made a second thorough search of all his pockets，again including the grocery bag.Now he was sure they must have been dropped somewhere inside the store. Old George had bought the black leather gloves at a 25% discount，for just $35.00 ten years ago.They were soft and warm and very durable.He had taken care not to let a drop of water or rain touch his expensive gloves，so they looked like new.Losing this favorite possession was almost like losing a child to him. George，calm on the outside but nervous inside，reentered the store.He followed the same route he had walked before，starting at the bread counter，to the milk section，the corner where salt and sugar were placed，then the rest of the store.Several minutes of anxious searching turned out to be in vain.He asked the customers whether they saw a pair of black leather gloves，but they said no.Then he went over to the cashier without hesitation to ask if she had received any lost gloves，but only received the same answer.His heart grew heavier. “Society has changed；people have changed，” he murmured to himself.“Years ago，if somebody picked up something lost，they would give it back.Now a good action is lost.” Yet he did not give up hope.He started to stare at anybody wearing black gloves to see if they looked like his.The first two persons he saw did wear gloves，but one was women's and the other not black. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Suddenly，he found a man looking like a lawyer，wearing black leather gloves.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ During the whole holiday，he was always thinking whether to buy a new pair.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： Suddenly，he found a man looking like a lawyer，wearing black leather gloves.Abrupt as it might seem，George came up without hesitation and asked if they were his，but there came a disappointing answer.On second thought，he realized nobody would be so foolish as to wear them right inside the store.He had no other alternative but to ask the cashier to keep them in case the lost gloves were found.Then he dragged his legs towards the exit. During the whole holiday，he was always thinking whether to buy a new pair.After all，in deep winter，he could not do without gloves.Finally poor George decided to buy another pair of leather gloves.With the last ray of hope，he stepped into the store again.No sooner had he opened the door than the cashier told him there was indeed one such pair as he lost.After examining them carefully，he was wild with joy，expressing sincere gratitude and saying to himself that a good action was never lost. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $