专题04 2026浙江1月卷阅读理解D篇(AI辅助植物碳封存) (解读+技巧+变式) -2026浙江1月卷英语完全解读与考后提升

《2026浙江1月卷英语真题完全解读与考后提升》 专题04 2026浙江1月卷阅读理解D篇(AI辅助植物碳封存) (解读+技巧+变式) 解析版 阅读理解关键词：说明文，人与自然，AI辅助植物碳封存，跨学科合作，人工智能应用 17 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization (优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. To design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP — an AI software that tracks multiple features of root growth. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. Now, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. SLEAP uses computer vision (the ability for computers to understand images) and deep learning (an AI approach for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain) to help researchers process images much more quickly. The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most extensive catalog (目录) of plant root phenotypes to date. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. “Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.” 32. What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve? A. Keeping more carbon in plants. B. Optimizing the use of energy. C. Enhancing biological diversity. D. Reducing carbon absorption. 33. Why did Pereira create SLEAP? A. To generate plant images. B. To conduct research on animals. C. To study climate patterns. D. To track features of root growth. 34. What will SLEAP help the scientists do? A. Pick out diseased plants in the forest. B. Collect samples of plant root systems. C. Identify genes for desirable plant roots. D. Preserve the genes of endangered plants. 35. What can be inferred from Pereira’s words? A. Academic disciplines are of equal importance. B. Computer programming is a must for scientists. C. Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity. D. Cooperation outweighs competition in research. ( 全文翻译 ) 碳移除对于应对气候变化至关重要。索尔克研究所的科学家们正在通过增强植物的根系，利用植物吸收二氧化碳的天然能力。这种优化旨在增加碳的储存量并延长其储存时间。 为了培育这些有助于应对气候变化的植物，科学家们正在使用一种名为SLEAP的研究工具——这是一款人工智能软件，可以追踪根系生长的多个特征。SLEAP由索尔克研究所研究员塔尔莫·佩雷拉开发，最初是为了在实验室中追踪动物的运动而设计的。现在，佩雷拉与植物科学家沃尔夫冈·布施教授合作，将SLEAP应用于植物研究。 在发表于《植物表型组学》的一项研究中，布施和佩雷拉建立了一种使用SLEAP分析植物根系表型的新方法，包括根系生长的深度和宽度、根系系统的规模大小以及其他物理特性。在SLEAP出现之前，追踪植物和动物的物理特征需要大量的人力，这减缓了科学研究的进程。SLEAP利用计算机视觉（计算机理解图像的能力）和深度学习（一种训练计算机像人脑一样学习和工作的人工智能方法），帮助研究人员更快地处理图像。 将SLEAP应用于植物研究，已经使研究人员建立了迄今为止最全面的植物根系表型目录。此外，追踪这些根系系统的物理特征有助于科学家找到与这些特征相关的基因，以及多个根系特征是由相同基因决定还是独立决定的。这使得索尔克研究团队能够确定哪些基因对他们培育植物最为有利。 佩雷拉说：“我们的合作充分证明了索尔克研究所的科研工作为何如此独特且具有影响力。我们不仅仅是在不同学科之间‘借鉴’，而是真正让它们处于平等地位，以创造出大于各部分之和的成果。” 32. 索尔克研究所的科学家们希望实现什么目标？ A. 让植物储存更多的碳。 B. 优化能源利用。 C. 增强生物多样性。 D. 减少碳吸收。 33. 佩雷拉为什么开发SLEAP？ A. 生成植物图像。 B. 进行动物研究。 C. 研究气候模式。 D. 追踪根系生长特征。 34. SLEAP将帮助科学家做什么？ A. 挑选出森林中的患病植物。 B. 收集植物根系样本。 C. 识别出能培育出理想根系的基因。 D. 保存濒危植物的基因。 35. 从佩雷拉的话中可以推断出什么？ A. 各学科具有同等重要性。 B. 计算机编程对科学家来说是必不可少的。 C. 跨学科方法促进创新。 D. 在研究中合作比竞争更重要。 2022-2026浙江高考考点细目（阅读理解说明文） 卷别 词数 主题 话题 典型题 2026浙江1月卷C 349+93 人与社会 人们难以识别虚假评价原因及对策 30推理判断题 2026浙江1月卷D 315+111 人与自然 AI辅助植物碳封存来增加碳储存量 35推理判断题 2025全国一卷C 323+113 人与社会 呼吁重新思考街道功能建宜居城市 31标题概括题 2025全国一卷D 331+135 人与自然 减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究 32写作手法题 2024新课标I卷D 364+122 人与自然 引导公民们科学记录生物多样性 35建议推断题 2024浙江1月卷C 320+142 人与自然 人工降雨公司推出“冰雹计划”研究 28推理判断题 2024浙江1月卷D 338+149 人与社会 棉花糖测试抵制精神“垃圾食品”诱惑 35标题概括题 2023新课标I卷C 322+107 人与社会 倡导人们过数字极简主义生活方式 29猜测词义题 2023新课标I卷D 338+112 人与社会 介绍“群体智慧”效应的原理以及应用 31推理判断题 2023浙江1月卷C 314+132 人与社会 介绍在辩论中战胜人类的软件程序 27文章大意题 2023浙江1月卷D 318+149 人与自然 新型太阳能农场能够促进农业发展 35标题概括题 2022浙江6月卷B 306+105 人与自我 介绍世界各地“小森林”的兴起情况 25意图推断题 2022浙江6月卷C 302+144 人与自然 研究表明适度的工作会带来成果 29意图推断题 2022浙江1月卷B 354+112 人与自我 介绍一位自营宠物运输方面专家 22猜测词义题 2022浙江1月卷C 284+99 人与社会 讲述蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系 26文体推断题 核心素养统领 综合能力导向 绍兴市第一中学 正高级教师、特级教师 蔡红 金华市教育教学研究中心 高级教师 徐钰 2026年1月高考英语试卷坚持素养立意，全面反映学生的正确价值观、必备品格和关键能力，着重考查学生在真实情境中运用英语分析与解决问题的能力，在人才选拔、教学反拨与考试改革示范等方面均发挥了积极的导向作用。具体如下： 一、优化结构，彰显核心素养立意 中小学考试应“强化核心素养立意”“科学优化试卷内容结构、题型结构和难度结构”。在题型结构稳定的前提下，本卷继续优化内容结构与难度结构，将核心素养的考查深度融入到整体设计之中。 内容结构上，本卷围绕三大主题多样化选材，从阅读A篇“作品征集”、B篇“教师以趣促学”、C篇“识别消费者评论的真伪”、D篇“AI辅助植物碳封存”、七选五“回读现象”，到完形填空“青年扎根农场实现个人价值”、语法填空“用笑声点亮日常的母亲”，再到应用文“呼吁图书馆书籍保护”与读后续写“控制母牛并帮其寻找主人”，整套试题要求学生在完成语言任务的同时，建构涵盖多元文化理解、社会问题关注、自我成长意义探寻的认知体系，充分彰显学科育人的价值导向。 难度结构上，试题梯度设置合理，充分体现对思维品质考查的区分度与进阶性。如阅读C篇，从理解段落(28)与猜测词义(29)，到分析事实(30)，再到推断观点(31)，需要学生逐步完成从理解、推理到判断的思维跃迁。又如应用文写作，针对“图书馆书籍被勾画涂写”这一问题，学生不仅要“说明具体情况”并“呼吁爱护书籍”，还需要建立“情况”与“呼吁”之间的逻辑关联，系统考查学生从信息整合、分析判断到创造性表达的思维能力。 二、联系生活，凸显综合能力考查 情境是落实考查内容和考查要求的载体。本卷情境紧密联系学生的生活实际，具有真实交际意义。阅读A至C篇、七选五、语法填空与应用文，涉及艺术修养、学习策略、信息素养、生活智慧与社会责任等，均贴近学生的生活经验与认知水平。此外，阅读D篇融入环保与科技主题，完形填空提供生涯规划与价值取向的范例，读后续写则以生活趣事为背景，考查叙事与问题解决的能力。 生活化的试题情境能提供真实、多样的线索与条件，引导学生综合运用知识、技能和策略解决问题。例如，阅读D篇围绕“如何去碳以应对气候变化”这一问题，介绍“运用AI增加植物碳封存”的方案；从研究目的(32)，到研究方法(33)与研究原理(34)，再到研究意义(35)，解决这一问题链，学生既需要理解植物吸收二氧化碳的自然机制，又要认识AI在该过程中的优化作用，进而理解科技协同自然应对环境问题的现实路径。再如读后续写，面对“母牛迷路引起围观”这一生活事件，学生需要基于对事件脉络的把握，按照“发现—控制—助归”的逻辑叙事，同时融入对公共安全、生命关怀和公民责任的认知与态度。这一任务在考查学生叙事能力、问题解决策略与情感表达的同时，体现了语言运用与全人发展的有机统一。 ( 阅读理解 说明 文满分 作答解题技巧 ) 一、命题特点 1. 选材特点：文章主要源自主流杂志、报刊、网站等，通常是关于各学科的前沿问题，如自然科学类、前沿科技发明类和医疗卫生类；高科技领域的最新科研成果；人们比较关心的生态环境问题；涉及到太空、生物、心理、考古等领域话题。 2. 语篇结构：特点科普类说明文文章结构清晰，通常开门见山，直奔主题。文章基本可以分为两大类：事物性科普说明文和事理性科普说明文。都比较客观、准确地介绍一个新产品、前沿技术的功能、用途、材料、优缺点、市场前景等，或者说明某个科学道理、科学现象或科学观点。 3. 设题特点：就语言来说，科普说明文通常篇幅较长，用词地道，专业性强，语言正式，且逻辑性强，句式结构相对复杂。这就需要考生具备扎实的词汇量和坚实的语法基础，且具备一定的科普相关知识，并能够理解分析长难句。 4. 命题热点：科普类说明文主要考查在把握文章核心主旨的基础上对文章内容的深层理解。提问形式为：What do you know from the passage? 标题判断题、文章或段落主旨题也较为常见，考查对文章或段落主旨的理解，主要提问形式为：What is a suitable title for the text? 二、解题策略 1. 利用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图 学生在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。文章导语、主体和结尾是有机整体，解题时要综合起来进行判断。 2. 利用文中语境线索分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断 科普说明文往往专业术语较多、句式较复杂，且经常采用举例、对比、列数据、引用权威人士观点等方法进行说明。设题形式上，主要侧重考查深层理解和推理判断、猜测生词含义以及代词指代等。 3. 谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文，去伪存真确定答案 高考作为一个成熟的考试体系，在选项设置上有章可循。正确选择一般为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。 三、说明文实用答题妙招 1.阅读理解说明文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。 2.推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。 3主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。 4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段主旨概括引领作用。 5.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 ( 考点变式 ) 一、词性转换 1. remove vt. 移除；去掉→n. 移除 2. optimize vt. 优化；使最优化→n. 优化过程 3. store vt. 储存；储藏→n. 储存 4. grow vt. 种植；使生长→n. 生长 5. initial adj. 最初的；字首的→adv. 最初；首先 6. mass n. 质量；群众→adj. 巨大的 7. science n. 科学；理科→adj. 科学的 8. apply vt. 申请；应用→n. 申请；应用 9. able adj. 能够的；有能力的→vt. 使能够 10. independent adj. 独立的；自主的→adv. 独立地 11. cooperate vi. 合作；协作→n. 合作 12. impact n. 影响；冲击力→adj. 有影响力的 13. optimistic adj. 乐观的→vt. 优化 14. absorb vt. 吸收；理解n. 吸收 15. desire vt. 渴望；想要→adj. 值得拥有的 16. endanger vt. 危及；危害→adj. 濒危的 17. academy n. 学院；研究院→adj. 学术的 18. create vt. 创造；创作→n. 创造力 19. compete v. 竞争；竞赛→n. 竞赛 20. benefit n. 益处→adj. 有益处的 二、识词知意 1. carbon n. 2. capacity n. 3. absorb vt. 4. enhance vt. 5. extend vt. & vi. 6. duration n. 7. climate-saving adj. 8. software n. 9. track vt. & vi. n. 10. multiple adj. 11. feature n. vt. 12. establish vt. 13. procedure n. 14. analyze vt. 15. characteristic adj. n. 16. process n. vt. 17. vision n. 18. approach v. n. 19. extensive adj. 20. catalog n. vt. 21. gene n. 22. discipline n. vt. 23. generate vt. 24. conduct vt. n. 25. sample n. 26. identify vt. 27. preserve vt. 28. must modal n. 29. interdisciplinary adj. 30. outweighs vt. 31.cruicial adj. 三、高频语块 1. fight climate change 2. make use of 3. carbon dioxide 4. aim to do 5. team up with 6. apply…to… 7. prior to 8. to date 9. be associated with 10. as well as 11. equal footing 12. biological diversity 13. pick out 14. of equal importance 四、长难句分析 1. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. 2. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. 五、知识拓展 1. 碳移除技术：碳移除是应对气候变化的关键策略之一，除了文中提到的优化植物根系来增加碳储存，还有直接空气捕获技术（DAC），通过化学过程从大气中直接捕获二氧化碳；生物炭技术，将生物质在缺氧环境中加热形成生物炭，埋入土壤以长期储存碳。 2.人工智能在农业领域的应用：除了文中用于跟踪植物根系生长特征的SLEAP软件，人工智能还可用于农作物病虫害预测，通过分析卫星图像和气象数据，提前预警病虫害的发生；精准农业，利用无人机和传感器收集农田数据，实现精准施肥和灌溉，提高农业生产效率。 3.跨学科研究趋势：如今越来越多的科研项目采用跨学科的研究方法，例如生物学家与计算机科学家合作，利用人工智能技术解决生物学问题；物理学家与环境科学家合作，研究气候变化中的物理过程。这种跨学科的合作能够整合不同领域的知识和技术，推动科学的创新和发展。 4.植物基因研究进展：随着基因编辑技术如CRISPR - Cas9的发展，科学家能够更精准地编辑植物基因，培育出具有优良性状的植物品种，如抗病虫害、耐旱、高产等。在优化植物根系以应对气候变化方面，基因研究可以为培育更高效的碳储存植物提供理论基础。 ( 典例引领 ) 01【2025浙江1月卷】 As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless. “People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics. In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices. While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it – they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.” Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles – a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance. 32. What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless? A. To reduce stereotypes. B. To meet public demand. C. To cut production costs. D. To encourage competition. 33. What were the participants probably asked to do in the study? A. Design a product. B. Respond to a survey. C. Work as assistants. D. Take a language test. 34. Why is it difficult to create genderless objects? A. They cannot be mass-produced. B. Naming them is a challenging task. C. People assume they are unreliable. D. Gender is rooted in people’s mind. 35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The quality of genderless products. B. The upside of gendering a product. C. The meaning of anthropomorphism. D. The stereotypes of men and women. 02【2024浙江1月卷】 The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 32. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test? A. Take an examination alone. B. Show respect for the researchers. C. Share their treats with others. D. Delay eating for fifteen minutes. 33. According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________. A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains D. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit 34. What does the author suggest readers do? A. Absorb new information readily. B. Be selective information consumers. C. Use diverse information sources. D. Protect the information environment. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Eat Less, Read More B. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans C. The Later, the Better D. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups 03【2023浙江1月卷】 According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them. Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil. “Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫). Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms. Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick. 32. What do solar developers often ignore? A. The decline in the demand for solar energy. B. The negative impact of installing solar panels. C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms. D. The most recent advances in solar technology. 33. What does InSPIRE aim to do? A. Improve the productivity of local farms. B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds. C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas. 34. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To conserve pollinators. B. To restrict solar development. C. To diversify the economy. D. To ensure the supply of energy. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D. Solar Farms: A New Development ( 变式演练 ) 变式一、气候变化应对说明文3篇 01（25-26高三上·江西·月考）As forests like the Amazon face increasing threats from fires and deforestation, scientific interest is turning to the oceans for climate solutions. A growing body of research highlights the potential of underwater forests — specifically, seaweed farms — to fight against climate change. Unlike the land-based forests, these marine forests are fireproof and demonstrate remarkable efficiency in absorbing carbon emissions. A groundbreaking study published in Current Biology, led by marine scientist Halley Froehlich, provides the first global quantification of large-scale seaweed farming’s capacity to offset (抵消) carbon emissions. The research identifies approximately 18.5 million square miles of ocean as suitable for growing seaweed. The findings are striking: Using a mere 3.8 percent of the federal waters off the California coast could deal with emissions from the state’s massive $50 billion agriculture industry. On a global scale, farming seaweed in just 0.001 percent of suitable waters and storing it could offset the carbon footprint of the entire aquaculture industry, which supplies half of the world’s seafood. The proposed method involves building industrial-scale seaweed farms, harvesting the mature seaweed, and sinking it into the deep ocean, where the captured carbon could be stored for thousands of years. However, a significant technological hurdle exists. Froehlich notes that the technology for deep-ocean storage does not yet exist, underscoring the need for further engineering development. The scientific community exhibits both enthusiasm and debate regarding this approach. Carlos Duarte, a famous seaweed scientist, acknowledges the significant potential outlined in the study, even considering its estimates “very conservative”. However, he argues that seaweed is too valuable a material to be placed in the deep sea. This highlights how useful seaweed can be. Beyond capturing carbon, it can stop the oceans from becoming more acidic, create habitats for marine life, and be used to make biofuel. Despite its promise, the commercialization of seaweed for carbon storage faces market challenges. As industry expert Scotty Schmidt points out, farming seaweed merely for carbon removal is not currently viable without a strong carbon market. The path forward requires developing carbon credit rules and supportive regulations to make this solution work. 1. What can we learn from the findings? A. Modest seaweed farming brings great benefits. B. California leads in seaweed farming. C. Most oceans are suitable for farming seaweed. D. The technology for farming seaweed is reliable. 2. What is Carlos Duarte’s attitude to sinking seaweed? A. Enthusiastic. B. Negative. C. Unconcerned. D. Cautious. 3. What does the underlined word “viable” in the last paragraph mean? A. Helpful. B. Practicable. C. Famous. D. Innovative. 4. What may be the best title for the text? A. The challenges for seaweed farming B. A new technology for deep-ocean storage C. Seaweed’s value lies in carbon reduction D. Seaweed farms help address climate change 02（25-26高三上·江西·月考）As forests like the Amazon face increasing threats from fires and deforestation, scientific interest is turning to the oceans for climate solutions. A growing body of research highlights the potential of underwater forests — specifically, seaweed farms — to fight against climate change. Unlike the land-based forests, these marine forests are fireproof and demonstrate remarkable efficiency in absorbing carbon emissions. A groundbreaking study published in Current Biology, led by marine scientist Halley Froehlich, provides the first global quantification of large-scale seaweed farming’s capacity to offset (抵消) carbon emissions. The research identifies approximately 18.5 million square miles of ocean as suitable for growing seaweed. The findings are striking: Using a mere 3.8 percent of the federal waters off the California coast could deal with emissions from the state’s massive $50 billion agriculture industry. On a global scale, farming seaweed in just 0.001 percent of suitable waters and storing it could offset the carbon footprint of the entire aquaculture industry, which supplies half of the world’s seafood. The proposed method involves building industrial-scale seaweed farms, harvesting the mature seaweed, and sinking it into the deep ocean, where the captured carbon could be stored for thousands of years. However, a significant technological hurdle exists. Froehlich notes that the technology for deep-ocean storage does not yet exist, underscoring the need for further engineering development. The scientific community exhibits both enthusiasm and debate regarding this approach. Carlos Duarte, a famous seaweed scientist. acknowledges the significant potential outlined in the study, even considering its estimates “very conservative”. However, he argues that seaweed is too valuable a material to be placed in the deep sea. This highlights how useful seaweed can be. Beyond capturing carbon, it can stop the oceans from becoming more acidic, create habitats for marine life, and be used to make biofuel. Despite its promise, the commercialization of seaweed for carbon storage faces market challenges. As industry expert Scotty Schmidt points out, farming seaweed merely for carbon removal is not currently viable without a strong carbon market. The path forward requires developing carbon credit rules and supportive regulations to make this solution work. 1. What can we learn from the findings? A. California leads in seaweed farming. B. Modest seaweed farming brings great benefits. C. Most oceans are suitable for farming seaweed. D. The technology for farming seaweed is reliable. 2. What is Carlos Duarte’s attitude to sinking seaweed? A. Negative. B. Enthusiastic. C. Unconcerned. D. Cautious. 3. What does the underlined word “viable” in the last paragraph mean? A. Helpful. B. Innovative. C. Famous. D. Practicable. 4. What may be the best title for the text? A. The challenges for seaweed farming B. Seaweed farms help address climate change C. Seaweed’s value lies in carbon reduction D. A new technology for deep-ocean storage 03（25-26高三上·河北秦皇岛·期中）Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are critical to modern cities, safeguarding public health by handling billions of liters of wastewater every day. But as the world races to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a key source is slipping under the radar (雷达): the wastewater industry itself. In a new study published in Environmental Science and Ecotechnology (July 2025), researchers from Harbin Institute of Technology challenge the current ways of counting WWTPs’ greenhouse gases. They warn that conventional approaches significantly underestimate the industry’s effect on climate—especially when it comes to fossil carbon dioxide (CO2). It’s well known that WWTPs release methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) during biological treatment and waste handling. These are two strong greenhouse gases. But fewer people understand the role of fossil CO2, released from man-made chemicals like detergents (去污剂) and industrial wastewater. This carbon originates from fossil sources and it adds to atmospheric CO2, but most emission lists don’t include it. Using radiocarbon (放射性碳) analysis, the study’s authors found that fossil carbon makes up 4-28% of all carbon in the wastewater that enters WWTPs. Most of this fossil carbon turns into CO2 and is released during treatment. But this invisible flow of emission is ignored in most official climate reports, “Wastewater is not just a public hygiene (卫生) issue — it’s a climate issue,” said Dr. Haiyan Li, who led the study. “By forgetting fossil CO2 and relying on outdated estimation methods, we’re reporting fewer greenhouse gases than we should.” To help cities switch to low-carbon wastewater treatment, the authors advocate for real-time, multi-gas monitoring systems and the inclusion of fossil CO2 in national climate lists. This would let local governments and plant operators make emission-cutting plans based on real site conditions, not assumptions. “We need better data to drive better policies,” the research team said. “Smarter monitoring tools can bridge the gap between science and action.” This research emphasizes a broader shift in thinking: wastewater treatment plants — long seen just as a tool for hygiene — must also be seen as a key part of fighting climate change. 1. What does the author mean by saying “a key source is slipping under the radar” in paragraph 1? A. A key emission source is unnoticed. B. Fossil fuels are overused in WWTPs. C. Methane release is unmonitored. D. Emission counting tools are outdated. 2. Why is fossil CO2, left out of most emission lists? A. It is released in a small amount. B. It comes from natural breakdown. C. Its source is not well recognized. D. It is impossible to be detected. 3. What do the researchers suggest to solve the problem? A. Stopping using man-made chemicals. B. Adding fossil CO2, to climate records. C. Reducing methane and nitrous oxide. D. Closing old-fashioned wastewater plants. 4. What is the best title for the passage? A. Strategies to Fight Climate Change B. The Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions C. Low-Carbon Methods for Wastewater Treatment D. Underestimated WWTPs’ CO2, Emissions 变式二、人工智能助力科学研究3篇 01（25-26高三上·湖南·月考）Every time generative artificial intelligence drafts an e-mail or makes an image, the planet pays for it. Making two images can consume as much energy as charging a smartphone; a single exchange with Chat GPT can heat up a server so much that it requires a 16-ounce bottle’s worth of water to cool it. And recent research in Nature Computational Science identifies another concern: AI’s outsize contribution to the world’s mounting pile of electronic waste. The study found that generative AI applications alone could add 1.2 million to 5 million tons of this harmful trash to the planet by 2030. Such a contribution would add to the tens of millions of tons of electronic products the globe gets rid of annually. Cell phones, microwave ovens, computers, and other common digital products often contain mercury, lead, or other poisonous substances. When improperly thrown away, they can pollute air, water and soil. The United Nations found that in 2022 about 78 percent of the world’s e-waste wound up in landfills or at unofficial recycling sites, where laborers risk their health to search for rare metals. Few countries enforce proper management of e-waste. Even those with laws often fail to carry them out. In the US, 25 states have e-waste management policies, but there’s no federal law requiring electronics recycling. In February 2024, Senator Ed Markey of Massachusetts introduced a bill that would require federal agencies to study and develop standards for AI’s environmental impacts, including e-waste. That bill, the Artificial Intelligence Environmental Impacts Act of 2024, proposes a reporting system, but it would be voluntary, and AI developers would not be forced to cooperate. Companies that use AI have numerous options to limit e-waste. It’s possible to squeeze more life out of servers, for instance, through regular maintenance and updates or by shifting worn-out devices to less intensive applications. Repairing and reusing outdated hardware components can also cut waste by 42 percent, Tzachor and his co-authors note in the study. And more efficient chip and algorithm design could reduce generative AI’s demand for hardware and electricity. Combining all these strategies would reduce e-waste by 86 percent, the study authors estimate. 1. What is the concern linked to generative AI in recent research? A. Its high consumption of energy. B. Its role in worsening the e-waste crisis. C. Its production of intense heat during operation. D. Its reliance on rare metals found in specific regions. 2. What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The dangers of e-waste. B. The contribution of generative AI. C. The process of recycling e-waste. D. The specific examples of electronic products. 3. Why did Senator Ed Markey introduce the 2024 bill? A. To force AI developers to recycle e-waste. B. To replace a nationwide e-waste recycling law. C. To set federal rules for AI’s environmental effects. D. To change existing state-level e-waste management policies. 4. Which is suggested as an effective method to limit AI-related e-waste? A. Increasing investment in new recycling technologies. B. Replacing broken devices with intensive applications. C. Extending server lifespan with maintenance and updates. D. Abandoning old hardware components to ensure efficiency. 02（25-26高三上·湖南·月考）Music has long been recognized for its healing powers, and when combined with artificial intelligence (AI), this potential becomes even more precise and accessible. This sentiment resonated throughout the recent World Artificial Intelligence Conference in Shanghai. Among the event’s many technological marvels, the globally AI music therapy pod from the Shanghai Conservatory of Music (上海音乐学院) stood out, offering a calming, personalized healing experience. Inside the pod, users are equipped with monitoring devices, such as headsets, sensors, and monitors. Lying back in zero-gravity chairs, they observe a large screen displaying real-time data alongside vital signs, such as heart rate and blood oxygen levels. Meanwhile, music featuring the natural sounds of chirping birds or flowing streams envelops them, providing a peaceful escape from the outside-world. The experience begins with a personalized questionnaire. Users provide details about their health status and birth date, which, combined with real-time psychological data, drive an AI music generation model to create a multisensory experience complete with synchronized (同步的) visuals. After the session, users receive a data set of their therapy process and a personalized music prescription. It is reported that the system enhances attention, aids in healing and relaxation, and stabilizes heart rate. “The music therapy pod is a crystallization of the integration of technology and art.” says Liu Hao, director of the AIMT Lab at the conservatory. The college’s music aesthetic psychology experimental center has published numerous scientific papers, laying the groundwork for the therapy pod. Experts note the pod represents interdisciplinary innovation with key breakthroughs. It has potential applications in treating sleep disorders, depression, autism (自闭症), and aiding elderly health management. The team aims to tap into natural frequencies to create sound healing maps for public well-being. The project is already collaborating with hospitals. It will soon be adopted in institutions like Shanghai Huashan Hospital to assist in treating children with autism and providing psychological comfort for students with exam anxiety. 1. Why do users provide their birth date in the questionnaire? A. To help the system identify specific health issues. B. To assist in analyzing psychological real-time data. C. To generate a tailored, multisensory music experience. D. To enhance data tracking in the AI-powered therapy process. 2. The underlined word “crystallization” in paragraph 3 most likely means “______________”. A. a perfect example B. a scientific theory C. a difficult problem D. a temporary solution 3. What can be inferred about the AI music therapy pod’s potential applications’? A. It could help address mental health issues. B. It focuses only on entertainment purposes. C. It is limited to use in music conservatories D. It may replace traditional medical treatments entirely. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward the AI music therapy pod? A. Dismissive. B. Optimistic C. Critical. D. Indifferent 03（25-26高三上·云南昭通·期中）The robot, shaped like a soup can with a rounded body, stands on a wearer’s shoulder like a parrot. It can speak fluent Anishinaabemowin, an Indigenous (土著的) language spoken by the Anishinaabe nation of North America. Danielle Boyer, a 24-year-old Anishinaabe roboticist, created the “Skobot” to communicate in endangered Indigenous languages. By enabling young speakers to practice with an engaging partner, she aims to keep these languages alive despite the growing dominance of English. New AI technologies are revolutionizing the way we approach language preservation. Most AI translation systems require vast training data for accuracy, and models for high-resource languages like English and Spanish are typically trained on millions of parallel sentence pairs. However, Indigenous languages often have little public data, posing significant challenges for standard translation methods. To address this, Jared Coleman, a computer scientist at Loyola Marymount University, developed a tool that instructs a large language model in the grammar and vocabulary of a target language, ensuring grammatical accuracy in the output sentences. Since different communities have different cultural traditions, training AI models on material in Indigenous languages, particularly ancestral stories and folk tales, can lead to unintended consequences. As Coleman explained, certain stories are traditionally told only during the wintertime in his community. “How do you maintain that tradition if it’s available online?” he says. In other words, AI models do not understand cultural nuance (细微差别). If they are not trained appropriately, they can mishandle sensitive cultural information. Indigenous researchers are undertaking AI language preservation initiatives to promote greater accessibility and diversity at the forefront of technological innovation. As researchers Uma Pradhan and Joyeeta Dey have explained, AI language preservation helps address historical injustice for communities previously discouraged or even prohibited from speaking their native tongues. These initiatives not only support language revitalization (复兴) by increasing the number of speakers but also emphasize the cultural significance of these languages within technological spaces long dominated by English, Mandarin Chinese and a handful of other global languages. 1. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To criticize the limits of robot technology. B. To detail the Anishinaabe language history. C. To analyze language revitalization challenges. D. To introduce the topic with a specific example. 2. What is a major challenge in using AI for Indigenous language translation? A. Lack of public data for training. B. High cost of developing AI models. C. Resistance from Indigenous communities. D. Complexity of English and Spanish grammar. 3. Why does Jared Coleman mention the tradition of telling stories only in winter? A. To argue that stories should not be told online. B. To show that AI can help record seasonal activities. C. To explain how AI models learn from seasonal data. D. To illustrate the risk of AI ignoring cultural nuances. 4. What is the main purpose of AI language preservation initiatives? A. To revive languages and address historical injustice. B. To boost AI-driven creativity and language diversity. C. To scale down the use of English and Mandarin tongues. D. To make AI translation systems more accurate and reliable. $ 《2026浙江1月卷英语真题完全解读与考后提升》 专题04 2026浙江1月卷阅读理解D篇(AI辅助植物碳封存) (解读+技巧+变式) 解析版 阅读理解关键词：说明文，人与自然，AI辅助植物碳封存，跨学科合作，人工智能应用 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization (优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. To design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP — an AI software that tracks multiple features of root growth. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. Now, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. SLEAP uses computer vision (the ability for computers to understand images) and deep learning (an AI approach for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain) to help researchers process images much more quickly. The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most extensive catalog (目录) of plant root phenotypes to date. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. “Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.” 32. What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve? A. Keeping more carbon in plants. B. Optimizing the use of energy. C. Enhancing biological diversity. D. Reducing carbon absorption. 33. Why did Pereira create SLEAP? A. To generate plant images. B. To conduct research on animals. C. To study climate patterns. D. To track features of root growth. 34. What will SLEAP help the scientists do? A. Pick out diseased plants in the forest. B. Collect samples of plant root systems. C. Identify genes for desirable plant roots. D. Preserve the genes of endangered plants. 35. What can be inferred from Pereira’s words? A. Academic disciplines are of equal importance. B. Computer programming is a must for scientists. C. Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity. D. Cooperation outweighs competition in research. 【答案】32. A 33. B 34. C 35. C 【导读】 【解析】 32. 细节理解题。从第一段“Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage.”（索尔克研究所的科学家们正在利用植物吸收二氧化碳的自然能力，通过增强它们的根系。这种优化旨在增加碳的储存量并延长其储存时间。）可知，科学家们希望通过优化植物根系来在植物中储存更多的碳。故选A。 33.细节理解题。从第二段“Created by Salk Pellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab.”（SLEAP由索尔克研究所的 Pellow Talmo Pereira创建，最初是为追踪实验室中的动物运动而设计的。）可知，Pereira最初开发 SLEAP 是为了进行动物研究。故选B。 34.细节理解题。从第四段“What's more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes associated with those characteristics... This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs.”（更重要的是，追踪这些物理根系特征有助于科学家找到与这些特征相关的基因…… 这使得索尔克团队能够确定哪些基因对他们的植物设计最有益。）可知，SLEAP 将通过追踪特征来帮助科学家识别出理想植物根系的基因。故选C。 35.推理判断题。从最后一段 Pereira 的话 “We're not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines—we're really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.”（我们不仅仅是 “借用” 不同学科的东西 —— 我们真正地将它们放在平等的地位，以便创造出优于各部分总和的东西。）可以推断出，跨学科的方法能够促进创造力，产生更伟大的成果。故选 C。 ( 全文翻译 ) 碳移除对于应对气候变化至关重要。索尔克研究所的科学家们正在通过增强植物的根系，利用植物吸收二氧化碳的天然能力。这种优化旨在增加碳的储存量并延长其储存时间。 为了培育这些有助于应对气候变化的植物，科学家们正在使用一种名为SLEAP的研究工具——这是一款人工智能软件，可以追踪根系生长的多个特征。SLEAP由索尔克研究所研究员塔尔莫·佩雷拉开发，最初是为了在实验室中追踪动物的运动而设计的。现在，佩雷拉与植物科学家沃尔夫冈·布施教授合作，将SLEAP应用于植物研究。 在发表于《植物表型组学》的一项研究中，布施和佩雷拉建立了一种使用SLEAP分析植物根系表型的新方法，包括根系生长的深度和宽度、根系系统的规模大小以及其他物理特性。在SLEAP出现之前，追踪植物和动物的物理特征需要大量的人力，这减缓了科学研究的进程。SLEAP利用计算机视觉（计算机理解图像的能力）和深度学习（一种训练计算机像人脑一样学习和工作的人工智能方法），帮助研究人员更快地处理图像。 将SLEAP应用于植物研究，已经使研究人员建立了迄今为止最全面的植物根系表型目录。此外，追踪这些根系系统的物理特征有助于科学家找到与这些特征相关的基因，以及多个根系特征是由相同基因决定还是独立决定的。这使得索尔克研究团队能够确定哪些基因对他们培育植物最为有利。 佩雷拉说：“我们的合作充分证明了索尔克研究所的科研工作为何如此独特且具有影响力。我们不仅仅是在不同学科之间‘借鉴’，而是真正让它们处于平等地位，以创造出大于各部分之和的成果。” 32. 索尔克研究所的科学家们希望实现什么目标？ A. 让植物储存更多的碳。 B. 优化能源利用。 C. 增强生物多样性。 D. 减少碳吸收。 33. 佩雷拉为什么开发SLEAP？ A. 生成植物图像。 B. 进行动物研究。 C. 研究气候模式。 D. 追踪根系生长特征。 34. SLEAP将帮助科学家做什么？ A. 挑选出森林中的患病植物。 B. 收集植物根系样本。 C. 识别出能培育出理想根系的基因。 D. 保存濒危植物的基因。 35. 从佩雷拉的话中可以推断出什么？ A. 各学科具有同等重要性。 B. 计算机编程对科学家来说是必不可少的。 C. 跨学科方法促进创新。 D. 在研究中合作比竞争更重要。 2022-2026浙江高考考点细目（阅读理解说明文） 卷别 词数 主题 话题 典型题 2026浙江1月卷C 349+93 人与社会 人们难以识别虚假评价原因及对策 30推理判断题 2026浙江1月卷D 315+111 人与自然 AI辅助植物碳封存来增加碳储存量 35推理判断题 2025全国一卷C 323+113 人与社会 呼吁重新思考街道功能建宜居城市 31标题概括题 2025全国一卷D 331+135 人与自然 减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究 32写作手法题 2024新课标I卷D 364+122 人与自然 引导公民们科学记录生物多样性 35建议推断题 2024浙江1月卷C 320+142 人与自然 人工降雨公司推出“冰雹计划”研究 28推理判断题 2024浙江1月卷D 338+149 人与社会 棉花糖测试抵制精神“垃圾食品”诱惑 35标题概括题 2023新课标I卷C 322+107 人与社会 倡导人们过数字极简主义生活方式 29猜测词义题 2023新课标I卷D 338+112 人与社会 介绍“群体智慧”效应的原理以及应用 31推理判断题 2023浙江1月卷C 314+132 人与社会 介绍在辩论中战胜人类的软件程序 27文章大意题 2023浙江1月卷D 318+149 人与自然 新型太阳能农场能够促进农业发展 35标题概括题 2022浙江6月卷B 306+105 人与自我 介绍世界各地“小森林”的兴起情况 25意图推断题 2022浙江6月卷C 302+144 人与自然 研究表明适度的工作会带来成果 29意图推断题 2022浙江1月卷B 354+112 人与自我 介绍一位自营宠物运输方面专家 22猜测词义题 2022浙江1月卷C 284+99 人与社会 讲述蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系 26文体推断题 核心素养统领 综合能力导向 绍兴市第一中学 正高级教师、特级教师 蔡红 金华市教育教学研究中心 高级教师 徐钰 2026年1月高考英语试卷坚持素养立意，全面反映学生的正确价值观、必备品格和关键能力，着重考查学生在真实情境中运用英语分析与解决问题的能力，在人才选拔、教学反拨与考试改革示范等方面均发挥了积极的导向作用。具体如下： 一、优化结构，彰显核心素养立意 中小学考试应“强化核心素养立意”“科学优化试卷内容结构、题型结构和难度结构”。在题型结构稳定的前提下，本卷继续优化内容结构与难度结构，将核心素养的考查深度融入到整体设计之中。 内容结构上，本卷围绕三大主题多样化选材，从阅读A篇“作品征集”、B篇“教师以趣促学”、C篇“识别消费者评论的真伪”、D篇“AI辅助植物碳封存”、七选五“回读现象”，到完形填空“青年扎根农场实现个人价值”、语法填空“用笑声点亮日常的母亲”，再到应用文“呼吁图书馆书籍保护”与读后续写“控制母牛并帮其寻找主人”，整套试题要求学生在完成语言任务的同时，建构涵盖多元文化理解、社会问题关注、自我成长意义探寻的认知体系，充分彰显学科育人的价值导向。 难度结构上，试题梯度设置合理，充分体现对思维品质考查的区分度与进阶性。如阅读C篇，从理解段落(28)与猜测词义(29)，到分析事实(30)，再到推断观点(31)，需要学生逐步完成从理解、推理到判断的思维跃迁。又如应用文写作，针对“图书馆书籍被勾画涂写”这一问题，学生不仅要“说明具体情况”并“呼吁爱护书籍”，还需要建立“情况”与“呼吁”之间的逻辑关联，系统考查学生从信息整合、分析判断到创造性表达的思维能力。 二、联系生活，凸显综合能力考查 情境是落实考查内容和考查要求的载体。本卷情境紧密联系学生的生活实际，具有真实交际意义。阅读A至C篇、七选五、语法填空与应用文，涉及艺术修养、学习策略、信息素养、生活智慧与社会责任等，均贴近学生的生活经验与认知水平。此外，阅读D篇融入环保与科技主题，完形填空提供生涯规划与价值取向的范例，读后续写则以生活趣事为背景，考查叙事与问题解决的能力。 生活化的试题情境能提供真实、多样的线索与条件，引导学生综合运用知识、技能和策略解决问题。例如，阅读D篇围绕“如何去碳以应对气候变化”这一问题，介绍“运用AI增加植物碳封存”的方案；从研究目的(32)，到研究方法(33)与研究原理(34)，再到研究意义(35)，解决这一问题链，学生既需要理解植物吸收二氧化碳的自然机制，又要认识AI在该过程中的优化作用，进而理解科技协同自然应对环境问题的现实路径。再如读后续写，面对“母牛迷路引起围观”这一生活事件，学生需要基于对事件脉络的把握，按照“发现—控制—助归”的逻辑叙事，同时融入对公共安全、生命关怀和公民责任的认知与态度。这一任务在考查学生叙事能力、问题解决策略与情感表达的同时，体现了语言运用与全人发展的有机统一。 ( 阅读理解 说明 文满分 作答解题技巧 ) 一、命题特点 1. 选材特点：文章主要源自主流杂志、报刊、网站等，通常是关于各学科的前沿问题，如自然科学类、前沿科技发明类和医疗卫生类；高科技领域的最新科研成果；人们比较关心的生态环境问题；涉及到太空、生物、心理、考古等领域话题。 2. 语篇结构：特点科普类说明文文章结构清晰，通常开门见山，直奔主题。文章基本可以分为两大类：事物性科普说明文和事理性科普说明文。都比较客观、准确地介绍一个新产品、前沿技术的功能、用途、材料、优缺点、市场前景等，或者说明某个科学道理、科学现象或科学观点。 3. 设题特点：就语言来说，科普说明文通常篇幅较长，用词地道，专业性强，语言正式，且逻辑性强，句式结构相对复杂。这就需要考生具备扎实的词汇量和坚实的语法基础，且具备一定的科普相关知识，并能够理解分析长难句。 4. 命题热点：科普类说明文主要考查在把握文章核心主旨的基础上对文章内容的深层理解。提问形式为：What do you know from the passage? 标题判断题、文章或段落主旨题也较为常见，考查对文章或段落主旨的理解，主要提问形式为：What is a suitable title for the text? 二、解题策略 1. 利用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图 学生在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。文章导语、主体和结尾是有机整体，解题时要综合起来进行判断。 2. 利用文中语境线索分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断 科普说明文往往专业术语较多、句式较复杂，且经常采用举例、对比、列数据、引用权威人士观点等方法进行说明。设题形式上，主要侧重考查深层理解和推理判断、猜测生词含义以及代词指代等。 3. 谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文，去伪存真确定答案 高考作为一个成熟的考试体系，在选项设置上有章可循。正确选择一般为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。 三、说明文实用答题妙招 1.阅读理解说明文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。 2.推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。 3主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。 4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段主旨概括引领作用。 5.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 ( 考点变式 ) 一、词性转换 1. remove vt. 移除；去掉→n. removal 移除 2. optimize vt. 优化；使最优化→n. optimization 优化过程 3. store vt. 储存；储藏→n. storage 储存 4. grow vt. 种植；使生长→n. growth 生长 5. initial adj. 最初的；字首的→adv. initially 最初；首先 6. mass n. 质量；群众→adj. massive巨大的 7. science n. 科学；理科→adj. scientific 科学的 8. apply vt. 申请；应用→n. application 申请；应用 9. able adj. 能够的；有能力的→vt. enable 使能够 10. independent adj. 独立的；自主的→adv. independently 独立地 11. cooperate vi. 合作；协作→n. cooperation 合作 12. impact n. 影响；冲击力→adj. impactful 有影响力的 13. optimistic adj. 乐观的→vt. optimize 优化 14. absorb vt. 吸收；理解n. absorption 吸收 15. desire vt. 渴望；想要→adj. desirable 值得拥有的 16. endanger vt. 危及；危害→adj. endangered 濒危的 17. academy n. 学院；研究院→adj. academic 学术的 18. create vt. 创造；创作→n. creativity 创造力 19. compete v. 竞争；竞赛→n. competition竞赛 20. benefit n. 益处→adj. beneficial 有益处的 二、识词知意 1. carbon n. 碳 2. capacity n. 容量；生产力 3. absorb vt. 吸收；理解；使全神贯注 4. enhance vt. 增强；提高 5. extend vt. & vi. 延长；扩展 6. duration n. 持续时间 7. climate-saving adj. 气候友好的 8. software n. 软件 9. track vt. & vi. 追踪n. 轨道；跑道 10. multiple adj.多种多样的 11. feature n. 特征；特色 vt. 以…… 为特色 12. establish vt. 建立；设立 13. procedure n. 程序；步骤 14. analyze vt. 分析；解析 15. characteristic adj. 特有的n. 特征 16. process n. 过程vt. 加工 17. vision n. 视力；愿景 18. approach v. 接近；靠近；处理 n. 方法 19. extensive adj. 广泛的；广阔的 20. catalog n. 目录vt. 为…… 编目录 21. gene n. 基因 22. discipline n. 学科；纪律 vt. 训练；约束 23. generate vt. 产生；引起 24. conduct vt. 实施；进行；引导 n. 行为；举止 25. sample n. 样本；样品 26. identify vt. 识别；辨认；确认 27. preserve vt. 保护；保存；维护 28. must modal n. 必须做的事 29. interdisciplinary adj. 跨学科的 30. outweighs vt. 比…… 更重要；胜过 31.cruicial adj. 至关重要的 三、高频语块 1. fight climate change 应对气候变化 2. make use of 利用 3. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 4. aim to do 旨在做某事 5. team up with 与……合作 6. apply…to… 把……应用于…… 7. prior to 在……之前 8. to date 迄今为止 9. be associated with 与…… 相关联 10. as well as 和；以及；除了……还 11. equal footing 平等地位；同等条件 12. biological diversity 生物多样性 13. pick out 挑选出；辨认出 14. of equal importance 同等重要的 四、长难句分析 1. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. 句意：在发表于《植物表型组学》的一项研究中，布施和佩雷拉建立了一种使用SLEAP分析植物根系表型的新程序——即根系生长的深度和宽度、根系变得有多庞大以及其他物理特性。 分析：本句中In a study published in Plant Phenomics是介词短语作状语，其中published in Plant Phenomics是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰study；Busch and Pereira是句子主语，establish是谓语，a new procedure是宾语，for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes是后置定语修饰procedure；破折号后面的内容是对plant root phenotypes的具体解释说明。 2. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. 句意：此外，追踪这些根系系统的物理特征有助于科学家找到与这些特征相关的基因，以及多个根系特征是由相同基因决定还是独立决定的。 分析：本句中What’s more是衔接词；tracking these physical root system characteristics是动名词短语作主语，helps是谓语，scientists是宾语，find genes是省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，associated with those characteristics是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰genes；as well as连接两个并列的宾语成分，whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently是宾语从句。 五、知识拓展 1. 碳移除技术：碳移除是应对气候变化的关键策略之一，除了文中提到的优化植物根系来增加碳储存，还有直接空气捕获技术（DAC），通过化学过程从大气中直接捕获二氧化碳；生物炭技术，将生物质在缺氧环境中加热形成生物炭，埋入土壤以长期储存碳。 2.人工智能在农业领域的应用：除了文中用于跟踪植物根系生长特征的SLEAP软件，人工智能还可用于农作物病虫害预测，通过分析卫星图像和气象数据，提前预警病虫害的发生；精准农业，利用无人机和传感器收集农田数据，实现精准施肥和灌溉，提高农业生产效率。 3.跨学科研究趋势：如今越来越多的科研项目采用跨学科的研究方法，例如生物学家与计算机科学家合作，利用人工智能技术解决生物学问题；物理学家与环境科学家合作，研究气候变化中的物理过程。这种跨学科的合作能够整合不同领域的知识和技术，推动科学的创新和发展。 4.植物基因研究进展：随着基因编辑技术如CRISPR - Cas9的发展，科学家能够更精准地编辑植物基因，培育出具有优良性状的植物品种，如抗病虫害、耐旱、高产等。在优化植物根系以应对气候变化方面，基因研究可以为培育更高效的碳储存植物提供理论基础。 ( 典例引领 ) 01【2025浙江1月卷】 As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless. “People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics. In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices. While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it – they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.” Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles – a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance. 32. What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless? A. To reduce stereotypes. B. To meet public demand. C. To cut production costs. D. To encourage competition. 33. What were the participants probably asked to do in the study? A. Design a product. B. Respond to a survey. C. Work as assistants. D. Take a language test. 34. Why is it difficult to create genderless objects? A. They cannot be mass-produced. B. Naming them is a challenging task. C. People assume they are unreliable. D. Gender is rooted in people’s mind. 35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The quality of genderless products. B. The upside of gendering a product. C. The meaning of anthropomorphism. D. The stereotypes of men and women. 【导读】这是一篇议论文。这篇文章探讨了技术产品中的性别化现象，指出去性别化的必要性以及性别在产品设计中的深层含义。 【解析】 32. A。事实细节题。根据第一段中的People are stereotyping their gendered objects in very traditional ways ... 和Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. 可知，人们以传统方式对有性别特征的物品形成刻板印象，而解决这一问题的简单方法就是将性别元素从新技术中去除，所以让新技术无性别化的目的是减少刻板印象，故A 项正确。 33. B。推理判断题。根据第二段中的Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.”可知，Martin 要求参与者对数字语音助手和名为“Miuu”的自动驾驶汽车的男性、女性及不区分性别的版本的依恋程度进行评级，由此可推测，这项研究采用了调查法，参与者需要对相关的调查内容作出回应，故B 项符合文意。 34. D。推理判断题。从第四段中的Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it —they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.”可知，即便物品名字听起来没有性别区分，人们还是会给它赋予性别，这表明性别观念在人们的思维中根深蒂固，所以很难创造出无性别物品，故D 项正确。 35. B。主旨大意题。根据最后一段首句Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.”可知，Martin 看到给产品赋予性别有积极的一面，随后举例说明，故B 项正确。 02【2024浙江1月卷】 The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 32. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test? A. Take an examination alone. B. Show respect for the researchers. C. Share their treats with others. D. Delay eating for fifteen minutes. 33. According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________. A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains D. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit 34. What does the author suggest readers do? A. Absorb new information readily. B. Be selective information consumers. C. Use diverse information sources. D. Protect the information environment. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Eat Less, Read More B. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans C. The Later, the Better D. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups 【答案】32. D33. C34. B35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”，文章对此进行了介绍。 32.细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat.(每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励。)”可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。故选D。 33.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.(但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。)”可知，根据第三段可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。 34.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.(因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。)”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。 35.主旨大意题。根据第二段“As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.(作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。)”可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故选D。 03【2023浙江1月卷】 According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them. Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil. “Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫). Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms. Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick. 32. What do solar developers often ignore? A. The decline in the demand for solar energy. B. The negative impact of installing solar panels. C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms. D. The most recent advances in solar technology. 33. What does InSPIRE aim to do? A. Improve the productivity of local farms. B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds. C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas. 34. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To conserve pollinators. B. To restrict solar development. C. To diversify the economy. D. To ensure the supply of energy. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D. Solar Farms: A New Development 【答案】32. B33. C34. A35. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。 32.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.(通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草。结果是，许多社区，特别是在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。)”可知，太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能板安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能板后忽略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。 33.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。 34.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。 35.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。 ( 变式演练 ) 变式一、气候变化应对说明文3篇 01（25-26高三上·江西·月考）As forests like the Amazon face increasing threats from fires and deforestation, scientific interest is turning to the oceans for climate solutions. A growing body of research highlights the potential of underwater forests — specifically, seaweed farms — to fight against climate change. Unlike the land-based forests, these marine forests are fireproof and demonstrate remarkable efficiency in absorbing carbon emissions. A groundbreaking study published in Current Biology, led by marine scientist Halley Froehlich, provides the first global quantification of large-scale seaweed farming’s capacity to offset (抵消) carbon emissions. The research identifies approximately 18.5 million square miles of ocean as suitable for growing seaweed. The findings are striking: Using a mere 3.8 percent of the federal waters off the California coast could deal with emissions from the state’s massive $50 billion agriculture industry. On a global scale, farming seaweed in just 0.001 percent of suitable waters and storing it could offset the carbon footprint of the entire aquaculture industry, which supplies half of the world’s seafood. The proposed method involves building industrial-scale seaweed farms, harvesting the mature seaweed, and sinking it into the deep ocean, where the captured carbon could be stored for thousands of years. However, a significant technological hurdle exists. Froehlich notes that the technology for deep-ocean storage does not yet exist, underscoring the need for further engineering development. The scientific community exhibits both enthusiasm and debate regarding this approach. Carlos Duarte, a famous seaweed scientist, acknowledges the significant potential outlined in the study, even considering its estimates “very conservative”. However, he argues that seaweed is too valuable a material to be placed in the deep sea. This highlights how useful seaweed can be. Beyond capturing carbon, it can stop the oceans from becoming more acidic, create habitats for marine life, and be used to make biofuel. Despite its promise, the commercialization of seaweed for carbon storage faces market challenges. As industry expert Scotty Schmidt points out, farming seaweed merely for carbon removal is not currently viable without a strong carbon market. The path forward requires developing carbon credit rules and supportive regulations to make this solution work. 1. What can we learn from the findings? A. Modest seaweed farming brings great benefits. B. California leads in seaweed farming. C. Most oceans are suitable for farming seaweed. D. The technology for farming seaweed is reliable. 2. What is Carlos Duarte’s attitude to sinking seaweed? A. Enthusiastic. B. Negative. C. Unconcerned. D. Cautious. 3. What does the underlined word “viable” in the last paragraph mean? A. Helpful. B. Practicable. C. Famous. D. Innovative. 4. What may be the best title for the text? A. The challenges for seaweed farming B. A new technology for deep-ocean storage C. Seaweed’s value lies in carbon reduction D. Seaweed farms help address climate change 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是面对亚马逊等森林因火灾和砍伐而遭受日益严重威胁的现状，科学界开始将目光转向海洋，探索应对气候变化的解决方案。研究发现，水下森林（特别是海藻养殖场）在抗击气候变化方面具有巨大潜力。 1. 细节理解题。根据第三段“On a global scale, farming seaweed in just 0.001 percent of suitable waters and storing it could offset the carbon footprint of the entire aquaculture industry, which supplies half of the world’s seafood.(在全球范围内，只要在0.001%的合适水域养殖海藻并将其储存起来，就可以抵消整个水产养殖业的碳足迹，而水产养殖业供应了世界上一半的海产品。)”可知，我们能从这些发现中了解到适度的海藻养殖带来了巨大的效益。故选A。 2. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“However, he argues that seaweed is too valuable a material to be placed in the deep sea.(然而，他认为海藻是一种太有价值的材料，不宜放在深海中。)”可知，Carlos Duarte对沉海藻持否定态度，故选B。 3. 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“The path forward requires developing carbon credit rules and supportive regulations to make this solution work.(前进的道路需要制定碳信用额度规则和支持性法规，以使这一解决方案发挥作用。)”可知，这种仅以碳移除为目的的海藻养殖是“不可行”的，划线词viable的意思是“可行的”，和Practicable意思相近。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A growing body of research highlights the potential of underwater forests — specifically, seaweed farms — to fight against climate change. Unlike the land-based forests, these marine forests are fireproof and demonstrate remarkable efficiency in absorbing carbon emissions.(越来越多的研究强调了水下森林——特别是海藻养殖场——对抗气候变化的潜力。与陆地上的森林不同，这些海洋森林是防火的，并且在吸收碳排放方面表现出显著的效率。)”可知，本文主要讲的是研究发现，水下森林（特别是海藻养殖场）在抗击气候变化方面具有巨大潜力，因此最好的题目是D选项“Seaweed farms help address climate change(海藻养殖场有助于应对气候变化)”。故选D。 02（25-26高三上·江西·月考）As forests like the Amazon face increasing threats from fires and deforestation, scientific interest is turning to the oceans for climate solutions. A growing body of research highlights the potential of underwater forests — specifically, seaweed farms — to fight against climate change. Unlike the land-based forests, these marine forests are fireproof and demonstrate remarkable efficiency in absorbing carbon emissions. A groundbreaking study published in Current Biology, led by marine scientist Halley Froehlich, provides the first global quantification of large-scale seaweed farming’s capacity to offset (抵消) carbon emissions. The research identifies approximately 18.5 million square miles of ocean as suitable for growing seaweed. The findings are striking: Using a mere 3.8 percent of the federal waters off the California coast could deal with emissions from the state’s massive $50 billion agriculture industry. On a global scale, farming seaweed in just 0.001 percent of suitable waters and storing it could offset the carbon footprint of the entire aquaculture industry, which supplies half of the world’s seafood. The proposed method involves building industrial-scale seaweed farms, harvesting the mature seaweed, and sinking it into the deep ocean, where the captured carbon could be stored for thousands of years. However, a significant technological hurdle exists. Froehlich notes that the technology for deep-ocean storage does not yet exist, underscoring the need for further engineering development. The scientific community exhibits both enthusiasm and debate regarding this approach. Carlos Duarte, a famous seaweed scientist. acknowledges the significant potential outlined in the study, even considering its estimates “very conservative”. However, he argues that seaweed is too valuable a material to be placed in the deep sea. This highlights how useful seaweed can be. Beyond capturing carbon, it can stop the oceans from becoming more acidic, create habitats for marine life, and be used to make biofuel. Despite its promise, the commercialization of seaweed for carbon storage faces market challenges. As industry expert Scotty Schmidt points out, farming seaweed merely for carbon removal is not currently viable without a strong carbon market. The path forward requires developing carbon credit rules and supportive regulations to make this solution work. 1. What can we learn from the findings? A. California leads in seaweed farming. B. Modest seaweed farming brings great benefits. C. Most oceans are suitable for farming seaweed. D. The technology for farming seaweed is reliable. 2. What is Carlos Duarte’s attitude to sinking seaweed? A. Negative. B. Enthusiastic. C. Unconcerned. D. Cautious. 3. What does the underlined word “viable” in the last paragraph mean? A. Helpful. B. Innovative. C. Famous. D. Practicable. 4. What may be the best title for the text? A. The challenges for seaweed farming B. Seaweed farms help address climate change C. Seaweed’s value lies in carbon reduction D. A new technology for deep-ocean storage 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了海藻农场在应对气候变化方面的潜力，包括其碳吸收能力、全球范围内的适用性、技术挑战以及市场商业化面临的难题。 1. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The findings are striking: Using a mere 3.8 percent of the federal waters off the California coast could deal with emissions from the state’s massive $50 billion agriculture industry. On a global scale, farming seaweed in just 0.001 percent of suitable waters and storing it could offset the carbon footprint of the entire aquaculture industry, which supplies half of the world’s seafood. (研究结果令人震惊：仅利用加利福尼亚海岸外3.8%的联邦水域，就可以处理该州规模庞大、价值500亿美元的农业产业所产生的排放。在全球范围内，仅在0.001%的适宜水域养殖海藻并将其储存，就能够抵消整个水产养殖业的碳足迹，而该产业供应着全球一半的海产品。)”可知，研究结果表明，即使是在相对较小的范围内种植海藻，也能带来巨大的环境效益，如抵消农业或水产养殖业的碳排放。故选B项。 2. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“However, he argues that seaweed is too valuable a material to be placed in the deep sea. (然而，他认为海藻是一种过于宝贵的材料，不应被放置在深海中。)”可知，Carlos Duarte认为海藻是极具价值的资源，不应该被沉入深海。因此，他对将海藻沉入深海这一做法持反对态度。故选A项。 3. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“As industry expert Scotty Schmidt points out, farming seaweed merely for carbon removal is not currently viable without a strong carbon market. (正如行业专家Scotty Schmidt指出的那样，在没有强大的碳市场的情况下，目前仅为了碳去除而种植海藻是不viable。)”及后一句“The path forward requires developing carbon credit rules and supportive regulations to make this solution work. (前进的道路需要制定碳信用规则和支持性法规，以使这一解决方案发挥作用。)”可知，如果没有健全的碳交易市场，仅为碳移除而种植海藻的模式目前是行不通的，需要制定相关规则和法规才行。因此viable应为“可行的，行得通的”之意，与“Practicable (切实可行的)”意义相近。故选D项。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“A growing body of research highlights the potential of underwater forests — specifically, seaweed farms — to fight against climate change. (越来越多的研究强调了水下森林 —— 特别是海藻农场 —— 在应对气候变化方面的潜力。)”可知，文章主要介绍了海藻农场在应对气候变化方面的潜力，包括其碳吸收能力、全球范围内的适用性、技术挑战以及市场商业化面临的难题，“Seaweed farms help address climate change (海藻农场有助于应对气候变化)”准确概括了文章的核心主旨，适宜作为标题使用。故选B项。 03（25-26高三上·河北秦皇岛·期中）Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are critical to modern cities, safeguarding public health by handling billions of liters of wastewater every day. But as the world races to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a key source is slipping under the radar (雷达): the wastewater industry itself. In a new study published in Environmental Science and Ecotechnology (July 2025), researchers from Harbin Institute of Technology challenge the current ways of counting WWTPs’ greenhouse gases. They warn that conventional approaches significantly underestimate the industry’s effect on climate—especially when it comes to fossil carbon dioxide (CO2). It’s well known that WWTPs release methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) during biological treatment and waste handling. These are two strong greenhouse gases. But fewer people understand the role of fossil CO2, released from man-made chemicals like detergents (去污剂) and industrial wastewater. This carbon originates from fossil sources and it adds to atmospheric CO2, but most emission lists don’t include it. Using radiocarbon (放射性碳) analysis, the study’s authors found that fossil carbon makes up 4-28% of all carbon in the wastewater that enters WWTPs. Most of this fossil carbon turns into CO2 and is released during treatment. But this invisible flow of emission is ignored in most official climate reports, “Wastewater is not just a public hygiene (卫生) issue — it’s a climate issue,” said Dr. Haiyan Li, who led the study. “By forgetting fossil CO2 and relying on outdated estimation methods, we’re reporting fewer greenhouse gases than we should.” To help cities switch to low-carbon wastewater treatment, the authors advocate for real-time, multi-gas monitoring systems and the inclusion of fossil CO2 in national climate lists. This would let local governments and plant operators make emission-cutting plans based on real site conditions, not assumptions. “We need better data to drive better policies,” the research team said. “Smarter monitoring tools can bridge the gap between science and action.” This research emphasizes a broader shift in thinking: wastewater treatment plants — long seen just as a tool for hygiene — must also be seen as a key part of fighting climate change. 1. What does the author mean by saying “a key source is slipping under the radar” in paragraph 1? A. A key emission source is unnoticed. B. Fossil fuels are overused in WWTPs. C. Methane release is unmonitored. D. Emission counting tools are outdated. 2. Why is fossil CO2, left out of most emission lists? A. It is released in a small amount. B. It comes from natural breakdown. C. Its source is not well recognized. D. It is impossible to be detected. 3. What do the researchers suggest to solve the problem? A. Stopping using man-made chemicals. B. Adding fossil CO2, to climate records. C. Reducing methane and nitrous oxide. D. Closing old-fashioned wastewater plants. 4. What is the best title for the passage? A. Strategies to Fight Climate Change B. The Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions C. Low-Carbon Methods for Wastewater Treatment D. Underestimated WWTPs’ CO2, Emissions 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了污水处理厂碳排放被低估，研究人员呼吁改进监测并纳入化石二氧化碳。 1. 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“But as the world races to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a key source is slipping under the radar (雷达): the wastewater industry itself.(但是，随着世界竞相减少温室气体排放，一个关键来源被忽视了：污水处理行业本身。)”可知，作者说“a key source is slipping under the radar(一个关键来源正在被忽视)”是指一个关键的排放来源被忽视了。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“But fewer people understand the role of fossil CO2, released from man-made chemicals like detergents (去污剂) and industrial wastewater. This carbon originates from fossil sources and it adds to atmospheric CO2, but most emission lists don’t include it.(但是很少有人了解化石二氧化碳的作用，它是由洗涤剂和工业废水等人工化学品释放出来的。这种碳来自化石来源，会增加大气中的二氧化碳，但大多数排放清单不包括它。)”可知，化石二氧化碳被排除在大多数排放清单之外是因为它的来源没有得到很好的认识。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“To help cities switch to low-carbon wastewater treatment, the authors advocate for real-time, multi-gas monitoring systems and the inclusion of fossil CO2 in national climate lists.(为了帮助城市转向低碳污水处理，作者主张建立实时、多气体监测系统，并将化石二氧化碳纳入国家气候清单。)”可知，研究人员建议将化石二氧化碳加入气候记录来解决这个问题。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段“In a new study published in Environmental Science and Ecotechnology (July 2025), researchers from Harbin Institute of Technology challenge the current ways of counting WWTPs’ greenhouse gases. They warn that conventional approaches significantly underestimate the industry’s effect on climate — especially when it comes to fossil carbon dioxide (CO2).(在发表在《环境科学与生态技术》（2025年7月）上的一项新研究中，哈尔滨工业大学的研究人员对目前计算污水处理厂温室气体排放的方法提出了质疑。他们警告说，传统方法大大低估了该行业对气候的影响，尤其是在化石二氧化碳方面。)”以及最后一段“This research emphasizes a broader shift in thinking: wastewater treatment plants — long seen just as a tool for hygiene — must also be seen as a key part of fighting climate change.(这项研究强调了一个更广泛的思维转变：长期以来被视为仅仅是一种卫生工具的污水处理厂，也必须被视为应对气候变化的关键部分。)”可知，文章主要说明了污水处理厂碳排放被低估，研究人员呼吁改进监测并纳入化石二氧化碳。所以D选项“Underestimated WWTPs’ CO2, Emissions(被低估的污水处理厂二氧化碳排放)”最符合文章标题。故选D。 变式二、人工智能助力科学研究3篇 01（25-26高三上·湖南·月考）Every time generative artificial intelligence drafts an e-mail or makes an image, the planet pays for it. Making two images can consume as much energy as charging a smartphone; a single exchange with Chat GPT can heat up a server so much that it requires a 16-ounce bottle’s worth of water to cool it. And recent research in Nature Computational Science identifies another concern: AI’s outsize contribution to the world’s mounting pile of electronic waste. The study found that generative AI applications alone could add 1.2 million to 5 million tons of this harmful trash to the planet by 2030. Such a contribution would add to the tens of millions of tons of electronic products the globe gets rid of annually. Cell phones, microwave ovens, computers, and other common digital products often contain mercury, lead, or other poisonous substances. When improperly thrown away, they can pollute air, water and soil. The United Nations found that in 2022 about 78 percent of the world’s e-waste wound up in landfills or at unofficial recycling sites, where laborers risk their health to search for rare metals. Few countries enforce proper management of e-waste. Even those with laws often fail to carry them out. In the US, 25 states have e-waste management policies, but there’s no federal law requiring electronics recycling. In February 2024, Senator Ed Markey of Massachusetts introduced a bill that would require federal agencies to study and develop standards for AI’s environmental impacts, including e-waste. That bill, the Artificial Intelligence Environmental Impacts Act of 2024, proposes a reporting system, but it would be voluntary, and AI developers would not be forced to cooperate. Companies that use AI have numerous options to limit e-waste. It’s possible to squeeze more life out of servers, for instance, through regular maintenance and updates or by shifting worn-out devices to less intensive applications. Repairing and reusing outdated hardware components can also cut waste by 42 percent, Tzachor and his co-authors note in the study. And more efficient chip and algorithm design could reduce generative AI’s demand for hardware and electricity. Combining all these strategies would reduce e-waste by 86 percent, the study authors estimate. 1. What is the concern linked to generative AI in recent research? A. Its high consumption of energy. B. Its role in worsening the e-waste crisis. C. Its production of intense heat during operation. D. Its reliance on rare metals found in specific regions. 2. What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The dangers of e-waste. B. The contribution of generative AI. C. The process of recycling e-waste. D. The specific examples of electronic products. 3. Why did Senator Ed Markey introduce the 2024 bill? A. To force AI developers to recycle e-waste. B. To replace a nationwide e-waste recycling law. C. To set federal rules for AI’s environmental effects. D. To change existing state-level e-waste management policies. 4. Which is suggested as an effective method to limit AI-related e-waste? A. Increasing investment in new recycling technologies. B. Replacing broken devices with intensive applications. C. Extending server lifespan with maintenance and updates. D. Abandoning old hardware components to ensure efficiency. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了生成式人工智能加剧电子垃圾问题，这类垃圾危害严重，相关法规尚不完善，企业可通过维护、再利用等策略减少此类垃圾。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“And recent research in Nature Computational Science identifies another concern: AI’s outsize contribution to the world’s mounting pile of electronic waste.(《自然计算科学》杂志的最新研究指出了另一个令人担忧的问题：人工智能对全球日益增多的电子垃圾问题做出了巨大贡献)”可知，生成式人工智能在加剧电子垃圾危机方面的作用。故选B。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Such a contribution would add to the tens of millions of tons of electronic products the globe gets rid of annually. Cell phones, microwave ovens, computers, and other common digital products often contain mercury, lead, or other poisonous substances. When improperly thrown away, they can pollute air, water and soil. The United Nations found that in 2022 about 78 percent of the world’s e-waste wound up in landfills or at unofficial recycling sites, where laborers risk their health to search for rare metals.(这样的贡献将使全球每年处理的数千万吨电子产品再增加一部分。手机、微波炉、电脑和其他常见电子产品通常含有汞、铅或其他有毒物质。如果被不当丢弃，它们会污染空气、水和土壤。联合国发现，2022年，全球约78%的电子垃圾最终被送往垃圾填埋场或非官方回收站，工人们冒着健康风险在那里寻找稀有金属)”可知，第二段主要讲述的是电子垃圾的危害。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“In February 2024, Senator Ed Markey of Massachusetts introduced a bill that would require federal agencies to study and develop standards for AI’s environmental impacts, including e-waste.(2024年2月，马萨诸塞州参议员埃德·马基提出了一项法案，要求联邦机构研究并制定人工智能对环境影响的标准，包括电子垃圾)”可知，参议员埃德·马基提出2024年法案是为了制定关于人工智能对环境影响的联邦法规。故选C。 4. 细节理解题。根据第四段“It’s possible to squeeze more life out of servers, for instance, through regular maintenance and updates or by shifting worn-out devices to less intensive applications.(例如，通过定期维护和更新，或者将老旧设备转移到耗能较低的应用中，可以延长服务器的使用寿命)”可知，通过维护和更新延长服务器寿命被认为能有效限制与人工智能相关的电子垃圾。故选C。 02（25-26高三上·湖南·月考）Music has long been recognized for its healing powers, and when combined with artificial intelligence (AI), this potential becomes even more precise and accessible. This sentiment resonated throughout the recent World Artificial Intelligence Conference in Shanghai. Among the event’s many technological marvels, the globally AI music therapy pod from the Shanghai Conservatory of Music (上海音乐学院) stood out, offering a calming, personalized healing experience. Inside the pod, users are equipped with monitoring devices, such as headsets, sensors, and monitors. Lying back in zero-gravity chairs, they observe a large screen displaying real-time data alongside vital signs, such as heart rate and blood oxygen levels. Meanwhile, music featuring the natural sounds of chirping birds or flowing streams envelops them, providing a peaceful escape from the outside-world. The experience begins with a personalized questionnaire. Users provide details about their health status and birth date, which, combined with real-time psychological data, drive an AI music generation model to create a multisensory experience complete with synchronized (同步的) visuals. After the session, users receive a data set of their therapy process and a personalized music prescription. It is reported that the system enhances attention, aids in healing and relaxation, and stabilizes heart rate. “The music therapy pod is a crystallization of the integration of technology and art.” says Liu Hao, director of the AIMT Lab at the conservatory. The college’s music aesthetic psychology experimental center has published numerous scientific papers, laying the groundwork for the therapy pod. Experts note the pod represents interdisciplinary innovation with key breakthroughs. It has potential applications in treating sleep disorders, depression, autism (自闭症), and aiding elderly health management. The team aims to tap into natural frequencies to create sound healing maps for public well-being. The project is already collaborating with hospitals. It will soon be adopted in institutions like Shanghai Huashan Hospital to assist in treating children with autism and providing psychological comfort for students with exam anxiety. 1. Why do users provide their birth date in the questionnaire? A. To help the system identify specific health issues. B. To assist in analyzing psychological real-time data. C. To generate a tailored, multisensory music experience. D. To enhance data tracking in the AI-powered therapy process. 2. The underlined word “crystallization” in paragraph 3 most likely means “______________”. A. a perfect example B. a scientific theory C. a difficult problem D. a temporary solution 3. What can be inferred about the AI music therapy pod’s potential applications’? A. It could help address mental health issues. B. It focuses only on entertainment purposes. C. It is limited to use in music conservatories D. It may replace traditional medical treatments entirely. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward the AI music therapy pod? A. Dismissive. B. Optimistic C. Critical. D. Indifferent 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了上海音乐学院研发的全球首个AI音乐治疗舱结合科技与艺术，提供个性化多感官疗愈体验及其应用前景。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The experience begins with a personalized questionnaire. Users provide details about their health status and birth date, which, combined with real-time psychological data, drive an AI music generation model to create a multisensory experience complete with synchronized visuals. After the session, users receive a data set of their therapy process and a personalized music prescription.(体验从一份个性化问卷开始。用户提供有关自身健康状况和出生日期的详细信息，这些信息与实时心理数据相结合，驱动人工智能音乐生成模型，打造出一个配有同步视觉效果的沉浸式多感官体验。体验结束后，用户会收到一份记录其治疗过程的数据集和一份个性化音乐处方。)”可知，用户提供出生日期是为了生成定制的多感官音乐体验。故选C。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“It is reported that the system enhances attention, aids in healing and relaxation, and stabilizes heart rate. “The music therapy pod is a crystallization of the integration of technology and art.” says Liu Hao, director of the AIMT Lab at the conservatory. The college’s music aesthetic psychology experimental center has published numerous scientific papers, laying the groundwork for the therapy pod.(据报道，该系统能够提升注意力，有助于治愈和放松身心，还能稳定心率。上海音乐学院人工智能音乐治疗实验室主任刘灏表示：“音乐治疗舱是科技与艺术融合的crystallization。”该学院的音乐审美心理学实验中心已发表了大量科学论文，为治疗舱的研发奠定了基础。)”可知，音乐治疗舱是科技与艺术融合的典范，crystallization意思是“典范”。A. a perfect example一个完美的例子；B. a scientific theory一个科学理论；C. a difficult problem一个难题；D. a temporary solution一个暂时的解决方案。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Experts note the pod represents interdisciplinary innovation with key breakthroughs. It has potential applications in treating sleep disorders, depression, autism, and aiding elderly health management.(专家指出，该舱代表了跨学科创新的关键突破。它在治疗睡眠障碍、抑郁症、自闭症和辅助老年人健康管理方面具有潜在应用。)”可推知，AI音乐治疗舱的潜在应用可以帮助解决心理健康问题。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The project is already collaborating with hospitals. It will soon be adopted in institutions like Shanghai Huashan Hospital to assist in treating children with autism and providing psychological comfort for students with exam anxiety.(该项目已经与医院合作。它很快将在上海华山医院等机构被采用，以帮助治疗自闭症儿童，并为有考试焦虑的学生提供心理安慰。)”可推知，作者对AI音乐治疗舱的态度是乐观的。故选B。 03（25-26高三上·云南昭通·期中）The robot, shaped like a soup can with a rounded body, stands on a wearer’s shoulder like a parrot. It can speak fluent Anishinaabemowin, an Indigenous (土著的) language spoken by the Anishinaabe nation of North America. Danielle Boyer, a 24-year-old Anishinaabe roboticist, created the “Skobot” to communicate in endangered Indigenous languages. By enabling young speakers to practice with an engaging partner, she aims to keep these languages alive despite the growing dominance of English. New AI technologies are revolutionizing the way we approach language preservation. Most AI translation systems require vast training data for accuracy, and models for high-resource languages like English and Spanish are typically trained on millions of parallel sentence pairs. However, Indigenous languages often have little public data, posing significant challenges for standard translation methods. To address this, Jared Coleman, a computer scientist at Loyola Marymount University, developed a tool that instructs a large language model in the grammar and vocabulary of a target language, ensuring grammatical accuracy in the output sentences. Since different communities have different cultural traditions, training AI models on material in Indigenous languages, particularly ancestral stories and folk tales, can lead to unintended consequences. As Coleman explained, certain stories are traditionally told only during the wintertime in his community. “How do you maintain that tradition if it’s available online?” he says. In other words, AI models do not understand cultural nuance (细微差别). If they are not trained appropriately, they can mishandle sensitive cultural information. Indigenous researchers are undertaking AI language preservation initiatives to promote greater accessibility and diversity at the forefront of technological innovation. As researchers Uma Pradhan and Joyeeta Dey have explained, AI language preservation helps address historical injustice for communities previously discouraged or even prohibited from speaking their native tongues. These initiatives not only support language revitalization (复兴) by increasing the number of speakers but also emphasize the cultural significance of these languages within technological spaces long dominated by English, Mandarin Chinese and a handful of other global languages. 1. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To criticize the limits of robot technology. B. To detail the Anishinaabe language history. C. To analyze language revitalization challenges. D. To introduce the topic with a specific example. 2. What is a major challenge in using AI for Indigenous language translation? A. Lack of public data for training. B. High cost of developing AI models. C. Resistance from Indigenous communities. D. Complexity of English and Spanish grammar. 3. Why does Jared Coleman mention the tradition of telling stories only in winter? A. To argue that stories should not be told online. B. To show that AI can help record seasonal activities. C. To explain how AI models learn from seasonal data. D. To illustrate the risk of AI ignoring cultural nuances. 4. What is the main purpose of AI language preservation initiatives? A. To revive languages and address historical injustice. B. To boost AI-driven creativity and language diversity. C. To scale down the use of English and Mandarin tongues. D. To make AI translation systems more accurate and reliable. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能在土著语言保护中的应用、挑战及意义。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The robot, shaped like a soup can with a rounded body, stands on a wearer’s shoulder like a parrot. It can speak fluent Anishinaabemowin, an Indigenous (土著的) language spoken by the Anishinaabe nation of North America. Danielle Boyer, a 24-year-old Anishinaabe roboticist, created the “Skobot” to communicate in endangered Indigenous languages.(这个机器人外形像一个圆形的汤罐，像鹦鹉一样站在使用者的肩膀上。它能说一口流利的Anishinaabemowin语，这是北美Anishinaabe族人说的土著语言。24岁的Anishinaabe机器人专家Danielle Boyer发明了“Skobot”，用濒危的土著语言进行交流。)”以及第二段中“New AI technologies are revolutionizing the way we approach language preservation.(新的人工智能技术正在彻底改变我们保护语言的方式)”可知，第一段通过一个具体的例子引入了文章的主题——利用人工智能保护土著语言。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, Indigenous languages often have little public data, posing significant challenges for standard translation methods.(然而，土著语言通常很少有公开数据，这给标准的翻译方法带来了重大挑战。)”可知，使用人工智能翻译土著语言的主要挑战是缺乏公开的训练数据。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Since different communities have different cultural traditions, training AI models on material in Indigenous languages, particularly ancestral stories and folk tales, can lead to unintended consequences. As Coleman explained, certain stories are traditionally told only during the wintertime in his community. “How do you maintain that tradition if it’s available online?” he says. In other words, AI models do not understand cultural nuance (细微差别). If they are not trained appropriately, they can mishandle sensitive cultural information.(由于不同的社区有不同的文化传统，用土著语言的材料，特别是祖先的故事和民间故事来训练人工智能模型，可能会导致意想不到的后果。正如科尔曼解释的那样，在他的社区里，某些故事传统上只在冬天讲。“如果可以在网上看到，你怎么能保持这个传统呢？”他说。换句话说，人工智能模型不理解文化细微差别。如果训练不当，它们可能会错误处理敏感的文化信息。)”可知，Jared Coleman提到只在冬天讲故事的传统是为了说明人工智能忽视文化细微差别的风险。故选D。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“As researchers Uma Pradhan and Joyeeta Dey have explained, AI language preservation helps address historical injustice for communities previously discouraged or even prohibited from speaking their native tongues. These initiatives not only support language revitalization (复兴) by increasing the number of speakers but also emphasize the cultural significance of these languages within technological spaces long dominated by English, Mandarin Chinese and a handful of other global languages.(正如研究人员Uma Pradhan和Joyeeta Dey所解释的那样，人工智能语言保护有助于解决以前被劝阻甚至禁止说母语的社区所遭受的历史不公。这些举措不仅通过增加说母语的人数来支持语言复兴，还强调了这些语言在长期由英语、普通话和其他几种全球语言主导的技术空间中的文化意义。)”可知，人工智能语言保护计划的主要目的是复兴语言并解决历史不公。故选A。 $