内容正文:
动作动词和状态动词
[情境探究]
A.—Listen, Lily is playing the piano!
B.—Wow, how sweet the music sounds!
A.—Why do you want to stay at home?
B.—Because I feel good when I am with my family.
观察上面对话, 并完成句子:
(1)The house belongs__to__his__father.
这幢房子属于他的父亲。
(2)This TV set costs 200 dollars.
这台电视机价值200美元。
(3)This hall can hold__two__hundred__people.
这大厅能容纳200人。
(4)The girl is__tasting__the__soup.
那个女孩正在品尝这个汤。
[要义详析]
英语中动词可分为两类: 动作动词(Activity verb)和状态动词(State verb)。动作动词描述动作, 可用于一般时态和进行时态; 状态动词描述状态, 一般不用于进行时态。
一、动作动词可分为三类:
1.表示持续动作的动词, 如 eat, listen, read, run等。
*She is listening to the radio.
她在听收音机。
2. 表示短暂动作的动词, 如 hit, jump等。
*She jumped up into the chair.
她跳起来坐到椅子上。
*He was jumping up and down to keep warm.
他上下跳动来取暖。
这类动词一般用在现在时中, 表示现时的一次性动作。如果用于进行时态, 则表示短暂动作的多次重复。
3.表示转变和移动的动词, 如arrive, change, come, die, go, leave等。
*The train leaves at nine.
火车9点开车。(侧重每天)
二、状态动词可分为四类:
1.表示思维活动的动词: admit, agree, believe, know, mean, realize, remember, think, understand, want. . .
*Paul had to admit that he didn't know where they were.
保罗不得不承认他不知道他们在哪里。
2.表示情感的动词: care, like, dislike, love, hate, hope...
*I hope you will stop advertising your product in such a way that may harm our children.
我希望你们停止用可能伤害我们孩子的方式在你们的产品上做广告。
3.表示拥有和存在的动词: appear, be, belong, contain, have, include, need, seem, possess, own. . .
*Each contains five bedrooms, toilet facilities, and a shared kitchen with a fridge and cupboard.
每个都有五间卧室、厕所设施和一个带有冰箱和橱柜的共用厨房。
4.感官动词: feel, look, smell, sound, taste...
*It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology.
它不像在所有技术进步之前那样感觉孤独。
注意:有些状态动词也可以表示动作。在此意义上, 这些动词可以用于进行时态。
*We have a secondhand car.
我们有一辆二手车。(have =possess, a state)
*She is having some tea.
她正在喝茶。(have=drink, an activity)
三、有些动词可兼作两类动词, 但意思不同。
1.动词hold的句子主语是人, 作“握住”讲, 是个动作动词; 句子主语是处所, 则作“容纳”讲, 是个状态动词。
*John is holding a ball in his hands.
约翰手里拿着一个球。
*The bus holds 50 people.
这辆公共汽车能坐50人。
2.动词have, 当表示动作的发生或过程时, 相当于take, get, receive, eat, drink等词, 为动作动词; 当表示“拥有”, 相当于own, possess等词时, 为状态动词, 没有进行时态。
*I was having my coffee quietly then. (drink)
那时我正安静地喝着咖啡。
*The man has a new car. (own)
这个人有一辆新车。
3.动词consider, 作“考虑”讲, 为动作动词, 后跟名词, 动名词作宾语; 作“认为”讲, 为状态动词, 后跟复合宾语、that从句作宾语。
*We are considering your application. (考虑)
我们正在考虑你的申请。
*I consider (that) you acted very wisely. (认为)
我认为你做得很明智。
4.动词词组apply to中, 如果apply作及物动词, 是动作动词, 意为“应用”; 如作不及物动词, 则是状态动词, 意为“适用于”。
*They are applying the new theory to practice.
他们正在把这个新理论应用于实践。
*What I have said doesn't apply to you.
我所说的话对你不适用。
⊙即学活用
指出句中画线属于哪种动词。
(1)The girl is putting on a red coat. 动作动词
(2)We have a secondhand car. 状态动词
(3)That dictionary belongs to me.状态动词__
(4)The old man doesn't hear very well.状态动词
(5)The train leaves at nine.动作动词
(6)I think it's a great idea. 动作动词
[语法主题应用]
使用本单元所学语法知识翻译下面句子。
1.他要离开乐队去专职写作。
He__is__leaving__the__band__to__concentrate__on__his__writing.
2.看到她对我的描述, 我差点没死。
I__nearly__died__when__I__read__what__she'd__written__about__me.
3.我身上没带那么多钱。
I__don't__have__that__much__money__on__me.
4.她正在考虑从事银行业。
She's__thinking__about__a__career__in__banking.
5.我尝了尝服务员端上来的葡萄酒。
I__tasted__the__wine__the__waiter__had__served.
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