内容正文:
人教版 2024 八年级下册 Unit 5 Nature's Temper 预习学案
一、核心短语积累
A 部分(基础核心短语,适配单元对话 / 阅读基础场景)
(1) 监测天气变化(侧重天气预警)
(2) 应对暴风雨突袭
(3) 躲避雷电袭击
(4) 保护自己免受沙尘暴伤害
(5) 了解极端天气的危害
(6) 听从气象部门的警告
(7) 储备应急物资
(8) 记录天气变化情况(2 种表达)
(9) 清理暴风雨后的街道
(10) 修复被洪水损坏的房屋
(11) 保持冷静面对自然灾害
(12) 向受灾群众提供帮助
(13) 学习防灾自救知识
(14) 关闭门窗抵御强风
(15) 关注天气预报
(16) 撤离到安全区域
(17) 避免在恶劣天气外出
(18) 检查房屋的安全状况
(19) 恢复灾后的正常生活
(20) 讨论天气变化的原因
(21) 适应多变的天气状况
(22) 预防山体滑坡等次生灾害
(23) 统计自然灾害造成的损失
(24) 增强防灾减灾意识
(25) 尊重大自然的变幻莫测
B 部分(拓展进阶短语,适配写作 / 演讲场景)
(1) 因极端天气的肆虐而心惊胆战 / 因防灾及时而安然无恙
(2) 积极宣传防灾知识 / 因忽视预警而陷入危险境地
(3) 因团结抗灾而倍感温暖 / 因灾害破坏而满目疮痍
(4) 分析天气变化的规律 / 提高应对自然脾气的能力(2 种表达)
(5) 敢于在灾害面前挺身而出救助他人
(6) 不让家人因自己的疏忽而遭遇危险
(7) 对防灾准备工作严格要求,不留隐患
(8) 像气象工作者一样传递科学的避险理念
(9) 纠正 “极端天气离我们很遥远” 的错误认知
(10) 做关于防灾应急的演练计划(2 种表达);决定参与灾后重建志愿活动(2 种表达)
(11) 因提前防范而减少损失 / 因掉以轻心而蒙受损失
(12) 主动研究天气变化规律,相信能降低灾害风险
(13) 以自己参与抗灾的贡献为骄傲(2 种表达)
(14) 也愿意向社区居民普及防灾避险技巧(2 种进阶表达)
(15) 比之前更懂得敬畏自然的威力 / 在防灾知识储备上更充足
(16) 和邻居一起组建防灾互助小组
二、重点语法预习(单元核心语法 + 时态结合,附易错点提示)
(1) 过去进行时(描述自然灾害发生时的动作)
a. 基础例句:当暴风雨来临时,我们正在家里看电视。
b. 进阶例句:昨天下午三点,消防员们正在努力营救被困在洪水里的村民。
c. 易错点:过去进行时结构为 “was/were + 动词 - ing”,常与 when/while 引导的时间状语从句连用;while 后接延续性动词,when 后可接短暂性或延续性动词。
(2) 情态动词 may/might/could 表推测(结合天气预测场景)
a. 基础例句:明天可能会有暴雨,我们最好取消户外活动。
b. 进阶例句:天空乌云密布,这场雨可能会下得很大。
c. 易错点:may/might/could 表推测时,might 语气最委婉,could 可表过去的推测;否定推测用 can’t,不用 may not。
(3) because/because of 表原因(解释天气对生活的影响)
a. 基础例句:我们今天停课了,因为台风即将登陆。
b. 进阶例句:很多航班延误了,因为这场罕见的暴雪。
c. 易错点:because 后接完整句子,because of 后接名词、代词或动名词短语;两者不可混用。
(4) 一般过去时的被动语态(描述灾害造成的破坏)
a. 基础例句:许多树木被暴风雨刮倒了。
b. 进阶例句:那条小路被洪水淹没,无法通行。
c. 易错点:被动语态结构为 “was/were + 过去分词”;注意不及物动词(如 happen、rise)没有被动语态。
三、词语变形积累(附构词法 + 自然天气语境用法提示)
(1) nature n.(自然)- adj.(自然的);(自然灾害的)
(2) storm n.(暴风雨)- adj.(暴风雨的);v.(突袭)
(3) predict v.(预测)- n.(预测);adj.(可预测的)
(4) safe adj.(安全的)- n.(安全);adj.(不安全的);adv.________(安全地)
(5) destroy v.(破坏)- n.(破坏);adj.(被破坏的);________(具有破坏性的)
(6) warn v.(警告)- 过去式______- 过去分词________- n.________(警告)
(7) help v./n.(帮助)- adj.(有帮助的);(无助的);n.________(帮手)
(8) strong adj.(强劲的)- adv.(强劲地);n.(力量);比较级________(更强的)
(9) sudden adj.(突然的)- adv.(突然地);n.(突发事件)
(10) danger n.(危险)- adj.(危险的);adv.(危险地);搭配 in ________(处于危险中)
四、预习小练习(适配自然天气主题,检验预习效果)
(一)根据句意及汉语提示完成短语(每空 1 分,共 5 分)
(1) We should ________ ________ ________(关注天气预报)before going out for a trip.
(2) People need to ________ ________ ________(撤离到安全区域)when an earthquake happens.
(3) The government ________ ________ ________(提供帮助)to the people affected by the flood last week.
(4) It’s necessary for us to ________ ________ ________(储备应急物资)to deal with sudden disasters.
(5) We must ________ ________ ________(保持冷静)when facing a thunderstorm.
(二)用所给词的适当形式填空(每空 1 分,共 5 分)
(1) The weather report says there will be a ________(storm)this evening.
(2) The old house ________(destroy)by the heavy rain last night.
(3) We should pay attention to the weather ________(predict)every day.
(4) It’s ________(danger)to stay outside during a typhoon.
(5) The firefighters ________(work)hard to save people when we arrived there.
(三)句型转换(每空 1 分,共 5 分)
(1) They were having a meeting when the rainstorm came.(对划线部分提问)________ ________ they ________ when the rainstorm came?
(2) We canceled the sports meeting because it rained heavily.(用 because of 改写)We canceled the sports meeting ________ ________ heavy rain.
(3) A big tree was blown down by the wind.(改为主动语态)The wind ________ ________ a big tree.
(4) It may be sunny tomorrow.(改为同义句)________ it ________ sunny tomorrow.
(5) We should learn some self-help skills.(改为祈使句)________ some self-help skills.
五、参考答案与解析
(一)核心短语答案
A 部分
(1) monitor weather changes
(2) deal with the sudden rainstorm
(3) take shelter from thunder and lightning
(4) protect oneself from sandstorms
(5) learn about the dangers of extreme weather
(6) follow the warnings from the meteorological department
(7) store emergency supplies
(8) record the weather changes;keep a record of the weather changes
(9) clean up the streets after the rainstorm
(10) repair the houses damaged by the flood
(11) keep calm in the face of natural disasters
(12) provide help for the disaster-affected people
(13) learn disaster prevention and self-rescue knowledge
(14) close the doors and windows to resist strong winds
(15) pay attention to the weather forecast
(16) evacuate to a safe area
(17) avoid going out in severe weather
(18) check the safety condition of the house
(19) restore the normal life after the disaster
(20) discuss the causes of weather changes
(21) adapt to the changeable weather conditions
(22) prevent secondary disasters such as landslides
(23) count the losses caused by natural disasters
(24) enhance the awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation
(25) respect the unpredictability of nature
B 部分
(1) feel terrified because of the raging extreme weather/stay safe and sound because of timely disaster prevention
(2) actively publicize disaster prevention knowledge/get into dangerous situations for ignoring early warnings
(3) feel warm because of united disaster resistance/be reduced to a scene of devastation because of disaster damage
(4) analyze the laws of weather changes;improve the ability to deal with nature's temper
(5) dare to step forward to help others in the face of disasters
(6) not let family members be in danger because of one's own carelessness
(7) be strict with disaster prevention preparations and leave no hidden dangers
(8) convey scientific risk avoidance concepts like meteorological workers
(9) correct the wrong perception that "extreme weather is far away from us"
(10) make a drill plan for disaster prevention and emergency response;decide on a drill plan for disaster prevention and emergency response;decide to take part in post-disaster reconstruction volunteer activities;make a decision to take part in post-disaster reconstruction volunteer activities
(11) reduce losses because of early prevention/suffer losses because of taking things lightly
(12) take the initiative to study the laws of weather changes and believe that disaster risks can be reduced
(13) be proud of one's contribution to disaster relief;take pride in one's contribution to disaster relief
(14) also be willing to popularize disaster prevention and avoidance skills to community residents;as well as be willing to popularize disaster prevention and avoidance skills to community residents
(15) understand the power of nature better than before/have more sufficient reserve of disaster prevention knowledge
(16) set up a disaster prevention mutual aid group with neighbors
(二)词语变形答案与解析
(1) natural(修饰名词,如 natural disasters);disastrous(表 “灾害相关的”,如 disastrous weather)。构词法:nature 变形容词加 - al;disastrous 由 disaster 加 - ous 变形而来。
(2) stormy(修饰名词,如 a stormy night);storm(动词,如 The area was stormed yesterday)。构词法:storm 变形容词加 - y,可直接作动词表 “突袭”。
(3) prediction(名词,如 weather prediction);predictable(形容词,如 predictable weather)。构词法:predict 变名词加 - ion,变形容词加 - able。
(4) safety(名词,如 public safety);unsafe(否定形容词,如 an unsafe place);safely(副词,如 arrive safely)。构词法:safe 变名词去 e 加 - ty,变否定加前缀 un-,变副词加 - ly。
(5) destruction(名词,如 the destruction of the city);destroyed(形容词,如 destroyed buildings);destructive(形容词,如 a destructive typhoon)。构词法:destroy 变名词加 - tion,变形容词加 - ed 表被动,加 - ive 表属性。
(6) warned;warned;warning(名词,如 a warning sign)。提示:warn 为规则动词,过去式和过去分词直接加 - ed。
(7) helpful(形容词,如 helpful tips);helpless(否定形容词,如 helpless victims);helper(名词,如 a volunteer helper)。构词法:help 变形容词加 - ful 表肯定,加 - less 表否定,加 - er 表人。
(8) strongly(副词,如 blow strongly);strength(名词,如 physical strength);stronger(比较级,单音节词直接加 - er)。
(9) suddenly(副词,如 happen suddenly);suddenness(名词,如 the suddenness of the accident)。构词法:sudden 变副词加 - ly,变名词加 - ness。
(10) dangerous(形容词,如 a dangerous situation);dangerously(副词,如 drive dangerously);danger。搭配:in danger(处于危险中),其反义词组为 out of danger。
(三)预习小练习答案与解析
根据句意及汉语提示完成短语
(1) pay attention to the weather forecast。解析:固定短语 pay attention to 后接名词短语,weather forecast 表 “天气预报”。
(2) evacuate to a safe area。解析:evacuate to 表 “撤离到……”,safe area 前加不定冠词 a 表泛指。
(3) provided help。解析:根据 last week 可知用一般过去时,provide 的过去式为 provided;provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth.。
(4) store emergency supplies。解析:store 作动词表 “储备”,emergency supplies 为固定搭配,表 “应急物资”。
(5) keep calm。解析:固定短语 keep calm 表 “保持冷静”,calm 为形容词作表语。
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1) stormy。解析:修饰名词 evening,用 storm 的形容词形式 stormy,表 “有暴风雨的”。
(2) was destroyed。解析:主语 the old house 与 destroy 为被动关系,结合 last night 可知用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为 was/were + 过去分词。
(3) prediction。解析:形容词 weather 后接名词,predict 的名词形式为 prediction,表 “预测”。
(4) dangerous。解析:it’s + 形容词 + to do sth. 为固定句型,danger 的形容词形式为 dangerous,表 “危险的”。
(5) were working。解析:根据 “when we arrived there” 可知,此处描述过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,用过去进行时,主语为复数,be 动词用 were。
句型转换
(1) What were;doing。解析:对过去进行时的动作提问,用疑问词 what,后接一般疑问句语序,be 动词 were 提前。
(2) because of。解析:because of 后接名词短语 heavy rain,替换原句中的 because 引导的原因状语从句。
(3) blew down。解析:将被动语态改为主动语态,主语变为 the wind,时态为一般过去时,blow 的过去式为 blew。
(4) Maybe;will be。解析:may 表推测时,可替换为 maybe 放句首,句子用一般将来时。
(5) Learn。解析:将含情态动词 should 的句子改为祈使句,直接用动词原形开头。
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