第02讲 八下Unit 2 Growing pains and gains（寒假预习讲义）八年级英语新教材外研版

第02讲 Unit 2 Growing pains and gains（寒假预习讲义） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 一、重点单词、短语梳理 重点单词 序号 英文 中文 序号 英文 中文 1 pm n. 下午（用于表示钟点的数字之后） 15 lazy adj. 懒洋洋度过的 2 promise v. 许诺，保证，答应 n. 保证，承诺，诺言 16 sofa n. 长沙发 3 tonight adv. (在) 今晚 17 term n. 学期 4 interrupt v. 打断（某人的）讲话；中断（某人的）行动；打扰 18 conversation n. 谈话，交谈，会话 5 realise v. 知道：明白；认识到；顿悟 19 disagreement n. 意见不和，分歧，争论 6 lamp n. 灯 20 peer n. 同龄人 7 blouse n. 女士宽松短衫，女衬衫 21 pressure n. （工作或生活中的）压力 8 pale adj. 苍白的 22 disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的 9 attach v. 系；绑；贴 23 fail v. 失败，未做到 10 wrist n. 手腕 24 heartbreaking adj. 使人心碎的 11 policewoman n. 女警察 25 skiing n. 滑雪运动 12 elderly adj. 年老的，渐老的（委婉用法） 26 completely adv. 完全地，全部地，彻底地 13 plot n. 情节 27 upon prep. 在……上面 14 point n. 要点，重点，中心意思，主要含义 28 clearly adv. 清楚地，明白地 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 重点单词变形 policewoman n.女警察(复数：policewomen)-policeman n.男警察(复数：policemen) agree v.同意;赞成一agreement n.同意一disagree v.不同意;不赞成一disagreement n.意见不合，分歧，争论 press v.按,压一pressure n.(工作或生活中的)压力 disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的一disappointing adj.令人失望的;令人沮丧的 fail v.失败,未做到一failure n.失败;失败的人(或事物) complete adj.完全的;彻底的一completely adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地 clear adj.清楚的;明显的一clearly adv.清楚地,明白地 重点短语 out of breath 喘不过气;上气不接下气 in a low voice 低声地 promise to do sth承诺做某事 stay out late 深夜不归 head back 转身返回 on one's way back 在某人回去的路上 be attached to 附属于;系在......上 pick up 拿起,接 be cross with sb 对…生气或不满 be proud of 因…而骄傲 stay in touch with 与…保持联系 cut off... from... 切断…与…的连接 at times 有时 draw away your attention 分散你的注意力 put down 放下 in the end 最后 be left out 被排除在外 be different from 与…不同 try out for 角逐;参加…选拔 be disappointed at对…失望 fail to do sth 未能做到… can't help doing sth 忍不住做某事 fall in love with sb 爱上某人 take a different turn另辟蹊径;换条路 fall upon落在(某人)身上 wait for等待 2、 核心考点精讲 Starting out &Understanding ideas 1. promise 用法 (1)promise作动词,意为"许诺,保证,答应",常见用法如下: promise sth承诺某事 promise to do sth答应做某事 promise sb sth=promise sth to sb 答应某人某事 ★ I'll see what I can do but I can't promise anything, 我会看看我能做什么，但不能给予任何承诺。 ★She promises to do all she can to help.地答应尽力帮忙 ★I've promised that book to Tom.我已经答应把那本书给Tom 了。 (2)promise还可作可数名词,意为"保证,承诺,诺言",常用短语如下: make a promise承诺,许诺 keep a promise信守承诺 break a promise食言 2. send 其过去式和过去分词均为sent 用法 send作动词,意为"派遣;打发;安排.......去"。常用短语: send sb to… 派遣某人去…. send sb to do sth 派遣某人做某事 ★He became ill and was sent home from school. 他生病了，从学校被送回了家里。 ★ In order to finish his work, he sent the kids to bed early.为了完成他的工作，他早早打发孩子们上床睡觉了。 拓展延伸 send作动词还可表示"发送;邮寄"。 send sth to sb=send sb sth"把某物发送/寄给某人"。 ★ My friend Liu Qian always sends me a postcard when she gets to a new city.我的朋友刘芊每到一个新城市都会给我寄明信片。 3. check 用法 check作动词,表示"检查;查看"。 ★ You should check your car before you drive. 开车之前你应该检查一下你的汽车。 拓展延伸 check还可作名词，表示"检查,查看(是否安全、正确、状况良好)"。 ★ I will have a quick check to see if there are any spelling mistakes.我将快速查看一下是否有拼写错误。 4. point 用法 point作名词,意为"要点,重点,中心意思，主要含义"。此义项下point前通常要加定冠词the，即the point。 ★ The point is that going by bus would be a lot cheaper. 关键是坐公共汽车会便宜得多。 ★ It just isn't true. That's the whole point.最重要的是,那根本不是事实。 拓展延伸 point 作名词的其他常用含义 (1)(比赛或运动中的)分数,得分 Our team is 6 points ahead.我们队领先6分。 (2)论点;观点;看法 D She made several interesting points in the article. i,在文章中提出了几个有趣的观点。 (3)地方;地点;位置 Draw a line from point A to point B. 从 A,点到 B,点画s一条线。 5. attention 用法 attention作不可数名词,表示"注意力;留心;注意"，常用结构如下: pay attention (to...) 注意/留心(......) catch/get sb's attention 吸引/得到某人的注意 tum sb's attention to... 将某人的注意力转向..... ★ We must pay attention to environmental problems.我,们]一定要关注环境问题。 ★I knocked on the window to get her attention. 我,敲了敲窗，以使她注意到我。 6. disagreement 用法 disagreement为名词,意为"意见不和,分歧,争论",既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词，常见用法如下: disagreement about/over/as to/on sth关于某事的分歧 disagreement among/between.........之间的分歧 disagreement with sb与某人意见不和 ★There has been a lot of disagreement about/on/over how best to spend the money.对于怎样以最好的方式花掉这笔钱，一直有许多不同意见。 ★ I had a disagreement with my friend about which movie to watch，我和我的朋友在看哪部电影的问题上产生了分歧。 词形变换 disagreement n.意见不合。分歧，争论 agreement.(意见的)一致，相合 disagree v.不同意，反对，有分歧 agree v.同意，赞同 7. out of breath 用法 out of breath意为"上气不接下气"。breath是名词,其动词形式是breathe,意为"呼吸"。 ★ He arrived at my office in less than two minutes, out of breath.他不到两分钟就到达了我的办公室，上气不接下气。 拓展延伸 含breath的其他常见短语 hold one's breath 屏气;闭气 take one's breath away令人惊叹;让人叹绝 take a deep breath深吸-口气 8. pick up 用法pickup意为"取(某物)",为"动词+副词"型短语。名词作其宾语时,放在pick和up中间或up之后均可;人称代词或反身代词作其宾语时,必须放在pick和up中间。pick up的同义表达有get、fetch、collect等。 ★ I'll pick my things up later, = I'll pick up my things later.我过一会儿来取我的东西。 拓展延伸 pick up的其他常用含义 pick up (开车)接人 I'll pick you up athe station.我将开车到车站接你。 捡起 The bey picked up a can on the ground.这个男孩捡起了地上的金属罐。 接电话 I called your house, but no one picked up.我给你家打电话，但没人接听。 收拾;整理 Pick up your room before you go out.外出之前收拾一下你的房间。 9. be cross with sb 用法 be cross with sb意为"对.....生气或不满"，相当于"get cross with sb"。其中cross 作形容词，意为“生气的，恼怒的” ★I was/got cross with him for his being late for school again.我生气他今天上学又迟到了。 拓展延伸 (1)cross还可用作动词,意为"横穿，穿过"。 The policeman is helping the old man cross the road. 那名警察正在帮助那个老人过马路。 (2)cross作动词还可意为"交叉"。 She was sitting on the floor with her legs crossed. 她盘腿坐在地板上。 10. A deal is a deal! -诺千金! 用法 a deal is a deal是一个英文习语,表示"说话算话,一言为定,一诺千金"。其中，deal作可数名词,意为"协议",尤指生意或政治方面的协议。 deal的常用结构及表达: make/close a deal达成协议 It’s a deal!就这么办吧! ★The two companies made a deal.两家公司达成了协议。 拓展延伸(1)deal也可表示"大量;很多"，通常以单数形式出现。a great/good deal of意思是"大量的，许多的",其后接不可数名词。 ★ It took a great deal of time.这费了很多时间。 (2)deal还可作动词,其过去式和过去分词均为dealt，常用短语为deal with"应付;处理;解决" Developing ideas &Presenting ideas 1. pressure 用法 pressure可指工作、生活中的压力,既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,常用短语如下: the pressure of...的压力 under pressure承受着(急于完成某事的)压力 ★ You need to be able to handle pressure in this job. 你要能应付这一工作的压力。 ★ The team performed well under pressure. i这个-队.在压力下表现良好。 2. disappointed 用法 disappointed为形容词,表示"失望的,沮丧的"，常用结构如下: be disappointed with/in...对......失望 be disappointed at/ by sth 对某事失望 be disappointed to hear/see/find/... 听到/看到/发现/......感到失望 ★When he saw his grades, he was a little disappointed.他看到自己的成绩时，有点儿失望。 ★I'm disappointed in you! I thought I could trust you!你真让我失望!我原以为可以相信你的! ★ He was disappointed to hear the news. 听到这个消息他很失望。 易混辨析 disappointed 和 disappointing 用法 disappointed表示"失望的，沮丧的",通常修饰人，表示人的感受 disappointing表示"令人失望的"通常修饰物，表示事物给人的感觉 ★My friend Li Ming looks disappointed.我的朋友李明看起来很失望。 ★What a disappointing result!这个结果太令人失望了! 3. fail 用法fail作不及物动词,意为"失败,未做到"，表示不成功或未能按预期做某事. 常见用法:fail to do sth/fail in sth"未能做到某事;未做某事;未履行某事"。 ★ He failed to come home at the usual time. 他没有在通常的时间回家。 4. leave out 用法leave out意为"不提及;不包括",为及物动词短语。leave sb/sth out of sth意为"不把某人/物包括在......";be left out意为"被忽视/冷落";feel left out意为"觉得被忽视/冷落"。 ★Leave me out of the quarrel, please.请别把我,牵扯进这场争吵中。 ★ He hadn't been asked to the party and was feeling very left out.他未被邀请参加聚会，感到颇受冷落。 5. can't help (doing) sth 用法 can't help(doing)sth意为"忍不住做某事,不能停止做某事" ★ I couldn't help laughing loudly when I heard such a funmy story.当我听到这么一个有趣的故事时，我忍不住大笑起来。 6. take a turn 用法take aturn意为"发生变化,产生转变",其中tum前常用形容词修饰。tum在此处作可数名词，意为"(突如其来或意外的)变化,转变"。 ★ My career had already taken a new tum, 我的事业l 经有了新的转机。 易混辨析 take turs意为"轮流，依次"，常用于take turs (in)doing sth 或 take turs to do sth 结构中,意为"轮流做某事"。 ★ My husband and I take turns doing the dishes everyday.我和我丈夫每天轮流洗碗。 ★ We take turns to take care of her in the hospital.,或,们轮流在医院里照顾地。 拓展延伸turn还可作动词,意为"(使)转动,旋转;(使)改变方向"。 ★The wheels of the car began to tum,汽车的轮子开始转动起来。 7. believe in 用法 believe in意为"信任;信赖",其后可接名词或代词作宾语，常表示"相信......存在/有用/正确"或"相信某人会成功"。 ★ We do not believe in ghosts.我们不相信有鬼。 ★ He is a good leader. They can believe in him.他是个好领导。他们可以信赖他。 易混辨析 believe in sb 与 believe sb believe in sb表示相信某人的优点或能力 believe sb表示相信某人所说的话 ★ Believe in yourself, or you'll never succeed.相信自己,否则你永远不会成功。 ★I believed him, even though his story sounded unlikely.我相信了他，尽管他听上去不太可信。 3、 单元语法精讲 一般过去时的被动语态 什么是被动语态？ 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者，理解为“被……” 。 不同时态的被动语态： 被动语态的结构是“be+过去分词”，be动词有时态、人称和数的变化。当不知道动作的执行者或没必要指出动作的执行者，只强调突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 一般过去时的被动语态： 1. 肯定结构：was / were+过去分词； 1. 否定结构：wasn’t / weren’t+过去分词； 1. 一般疑问句把was / were放到句首。 如：The school was built 100 years ago. 这所学校是100年前建造的。 He wasn’t invited to the party. Were you invited? 他没有被邀请去聚会。你被邀请了吗？ 教材p23 一、单项选择 1．To be honest, I can’t ________ you anything. You will have to try it yourself. A．promise B．protect C．prefer D．provide 2．—Miss Chen. Tom did badly in his exams this year. —Oh, that’s because he was so ________. He never did his homework in the past month. A．tired B．angry C．lazy D．brave 3．—Could you tell us how we can start a _________ with a foreigner? —Talking about weather is a good choice. A．conversation B．call C．bell D．spell 4．My parents give me a lot of ________ about school. A．passage B．progress C．pressure D．protection 5．Tom didn’t prepare for his speech, so he ________ to express his ideas clearly in front of the class.​ A．helped B．failed C．fell D．passed​ 6．The new movie completely changed her idea about science fiction—she used to think it was boring. A．totally B．gradually C．suddenly D．hardly 7．—Please put the books upon the desk. —There are many books here. How about putting them in the bookcase? A．for B．from C．on 8．I can’t hear you ________. Something may be wrong with my telephone. A．carefully B．quietly C．clearly D．slowly 9．Please read the article ________ a low voice, and then answer the question below it. A．by B．in C．on D．with 10．Our parents won’t allow us ________ alone on weekdays. A．stay out late B．to stay out late C．stay up D．to get up 11．I met Amy _______ my way back home last Monday. A．in B．on C．at D．by 12．—Could you please help me ________ my ruler under the desk? —Sure. A．look up B．stand up C．pick up D．put up 13．The teacher was cross with him for being late. A．穿越 B．十字形记号 C．反对 D．生气的 14．These days, many graduates(大学毕业生) usually have to have quite a few interviews to _______ a job that they need to take. A．try on B．try out for C．try D．have a try on 15．He can't help __________ the answers when he can't work out the problems. A．turn to B．to turn C．turning to D．turned to 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 16．Despite their (disagree), they decided to work together on the project. 17．To be fitter, Jason promises (exercise) for two more hours each weekend. 18．Winter (ski) is one of the most popular sports in Switzerland. 19．The little boy felt (disappoint) when he found his favorite toy was broken. 20．The invention (complete) changed our daily lives. 21．I have a little telescope that helps me see the stars more (clear). 22．She and her aunt are both (policewoman). They caught a thief together yesterday. 23．The little boy has received so much (press) that he can’t sleep well before the match. 24．Every morning, she (attach) a new note to her schoolbag. 25．After a long holiday, some students become even (lazy). 知识导图记忆 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、根据提示填词 1．The meeting will begin at 2:30 (下午). 2．There is a new movie on show in the cinema (今晚). 3．Paul (意识到) the importance of exercise and decided to start running every morning. 4．The (灯) in our room are so bright. 5．Where are my sister’s (女式衬衫)? I can’t find them. 6．You look (苍白的). What’s the matter with you? 7．35% of the (年老的) feel lonely sometimes since their children don’t live with them. 8．The (情节) of the movie is very exciting. 9．It concludes with a very useful summary of key . (要点) 10．We came home and found him sleeping on the (沙发). 11．Miss Li teaches us English this . (学期) 12．They focus too much on dealing with (同龄人) pressure. 二、完成句子 13．在学校运动会之后，运动员们虽然喘不过气来但满是兴奋。 After the school sports day, the participants were but full of excitement. 14．他为自己的志愿工作感到自豪。 He his voluntary work. 15．有时，我们会犯拼写错误。 , we will make spelling mistakes. 16．我最好的朋友在北京，我们通过微信互相保持联系。 My best friend is in Beijing and we each other through WeChat. 17．我发现他们已经离开了，觉得很失望。 I find that they had left already. 18．这部电影让很多人爱上了中国功夫。 The movie made lots of people Chinese kung fu. 19．农村的生活与城市不同——更安静、更放松。 Life in the countryside that in the city—quieter and more relaxing. 20．当人们听到他的笑话时，都会忍不住笑起来。 People when they heard his funny jokes. 三、语法选择 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个 选项中选出一个最佳的答案。 I couldn’t wait to have my own apartment (公寓) and live alone. I have a big family with two brothers. I love my family, 21 I really wanted my own place. I knew that one day I 22 have my own place. That day finally came! When I started my first year of college, I 23 to rent (租) an apartment. My parents asked me 24 I would do next. I told them I wanted to decorate the rooms the way I liked. I bought food that I liked. It was a very special time! But something was missing, and I couldn’t quite find out what it was. So I called some friends over 25 a party. After the party was over, I felt 26 than before. But the next day, I felt a little sad again. While I 27 on the sofa thinking, the doorbell rang. I opened the door. Brothers and sisters, aunts and uncles, my mother and father all stood there. They had come a long way to surprise me with a party. 28 happy I was! They brought food and drinks, and we had 29 great time. When the party was over, I realised that even though I had my own place, I was homesick(想家的). After that party, I visited my family once a week because I learned that there was no place 30 home. 21．A．so B．or C．but 22．A．should B．will C．would 23．A．is allowed B．allowed C．was allowed 24．A．what B．whether C．why 25．A．have B．to have C．having 26．A．good B．better C．best 27．A．will sit B．am sitting C．was sitting 28．A．How B．What C．What an 29．A．a B．an C．the 30．A．behind B．about C．like 四、完形填空 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。 Students these days often have a lot of worries. Sometimes they have problems 31 their schoolwork, and sometimes with their friends. What can 32 do about this? Some people believe the 33 thing is to do nothing. Laura Mills, a teenager from London, agrees. “Problems and worries are normal in life,” says Laura. “But I think talking to someone helps a lot. 34 we talk to someone, we’ll certainly feel worse.” Laura once lost her 35 , and worried for days. She was 36 to tell her parents about it. She even walked three miles to school each day 37 she didn’t have any money. She just kept thinking, “If I tell my parents, they’ll be angry!” In the end, she talked to her parents and they were really 38 . Her dad said he sometimes made careless mistakes 39 . They got her a new wallet and asked her to be more careful. “I will 40 remember to share my problems in the future!” Laura says. 31．A．in B．to C．with D．on 32．A．you B．we C．them D．they 33．A．best B．worst C．fastest D．most important 34．A．If B．Unless C．Because D．So 35．A．bike B．schoolbag C．pencil box D．wallet 36．A．able B．afraid C．happy D．upset 37．A．because B．so C．and D．but 38．A．angry B．understanding C．upset D．worried 39．A．myself B．yourself C．himself D．herself 40．A．always B．never C．hardly ever D．sometimes 五、阅读理解 Since last year, short videos have become popular online. Many people make and share short videos on popular video apps. You can even add music and special effects to your videos. A video usually lasts 15 seconds to a few minutes. It shows people’s daily activities like cooking, exercising and singing. So it can attract (吸引) many people. Teenagers enjoy these videos very much. More than 50% of junior high school students enjoy watching these short videos. About 47% of them have shared their own videos on short video apps, according to a recent report by the China National Youth Palace Association. The videos let teenagers see a lot of funny and exciting things. Many teenagers like to share the fun things they do with others as well. For example, a student named Xiao Qianyu has shared videos about her dancing. They make her win many fans. However, the videos can also cause trouble. Some students watch short videos for too long and do not have enough time to study. Besides, some videos are not appropriate for teenagers. They may learn bad things from them. To solve these problems, one short video app added a new function (功能) in April. The app won’t work if someone uses it for over two hours a day. In the same month, the government asked companies to control these apps and take out harmful videos. The apps have been checked and controlled more strictly since then, the Beijing News reported. 41．According to the article, what can people do on popular video apps? A．Cook, exercise, sing and work. B．Make money and attract a lot of fans. C．Make some videos and share them. D．Study online and learn something useful. 42．What percentage of junior high school students haven’t shared their own videos on short video apps? A．About 47%. B．Less than 47%. C．About 53%. D．97%. 43．What does the underlined word “appropriate” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Right. B．Exciting. C．New. D．Safe. 44．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Popular short video makers. B．Popular short video apps. C．Why short videos become popular. D．How to use short video apps. 45．What’s the writer’s opinion about the short video apps according to the passage? A．They are good for teenagers. B．We should use them wisely. C．Teenagers mustn’t make short videos. D．We shouldn’t spend time on them. $第02讲 Unit 2 Growing pains and gains（寒假预习讲义） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 一、重点单词、短语梳理 重点单词 序号 英文 中文 序号 英文 中文 1 pm n. 下午（用于表示钟点的数字之后） 15 lazy adj. 懒洋洋度过的 2 promise v. 许诺，保证，答应 n. 保证，承诺，诺言 16 sofa n. 长沙发 3 tonight adv. (在) 今晚 17 term n. 学期 4 interrupt v. 打断（某人的）讲话；中断（某人的）行动；打扰 18 conversation n. 谈话，交谈，会话 5 realise v. 知道：明白；认识到；顿悟 19 disagreement n. 意见不和，分歧，争论 6 lamp n. 灯 20 peer n. 同龄人 7 blouse n. 女士宽松短衫，女衬衫 21 pressure n. （工作或生活中的）压力 8 pale adj. 苍白的 22 disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的 9 attach v. 系；绑；贴 23 fail v. 失败，未做到 10 wrist n. 手腕 24 heartbreaking adj. 使人心碎的 11 policewoman n. 女警察 25 skiing n. 滑雪运动 12 elderly adj. 年老的，渐老的（委婉用法） 26 completely adv. 完全地，全部地，彻底地 13 plot n. 情节 27 upon prep. 在……上面 14 point n. 要点，重点，中心意思，主要含义 28 clearly adv. 清楚地，明白地 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 重点单词变形 policewoman n.女警察(复数：policewomen)-policeman n.男警察(复数：policemen) agree v.同意;赞成一agreement n.同意一disagree v.不同意;不赞成一disagreement n.意见不合，分歧，争论 press v.按,压一pressure n.(工作或生活中的)压力 disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的一disappointing adj.令人失望的;令人沮丧的 fail v.失败,未做到一failure n.失败;失败的人(或事物) complete adj.完全的;彻底的一completely adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地 clear adj.清楚的;明显的一clearly adv.清楚地,明白地 重点短语 out of breath 喘不过气;上气不接下气 in a low voice 低声地 promise to do sth承诺做某事 stay out late 深夜不归 head back 转身返回 on one's way back 在某人回去的路上 be attached to 附属于;系在......上 pick up 拿起,接 be cross with sb 对…生气或不满 be proud of 因…而骄傲 stay in touch with 与…保持联系 cut off... from... 切断…与…的连接 at times 有时 draw away your attention 分散你的注意力 put down 放下 in the end 最后 be left out 被排除在外 be different from 与…不同 try out for 角逐;参加…选拔 be disappointed at对…失望 fail to do sth 未能做到… can't help doing sth 忍不住做某事 fall in love with sb 爱上某人 take a different turn另辟蹊径;换条路 fall upon落在(某人)身上 wait for等待 2、 核心考点精讲 Starting out &Understanding ideas 1. promise 用法 (1)promise作动词,意为"许诺,保证,答应",常见用法如下: promise sth承诺某事 promise to do sth答应做某事 promise sb sth=promise sth to sb 答应某人某事 ★ I'll see what I can do but I can't promise anything, 我会看看我能做什么，但不能给予任何承诺。 ★She promises to do all she can to help.地答应尽力帮忙 ★I've promised that book to Tom.我已经答应把那本书给Tom 了。 (2)promise还可作可数名词,意为"保证,承诺,诺言",常用短语如下: make a promise承诺,许诺 keep a promise信守承诺 break a promise食言 2. send 其过去式和过去分词均为sent 用法 send作动词,意为"派遣;打发;安排.......去"。常用短语: send sb to… 派遣某人去…. send sb to do sth 派遣某人做某事 ★He became ill and was sent home from school. 他生病了，从学校被送回了家里。 ★ In order to finish his work, he sent the kids to bed early.为了完成他的工作，他早早打发孩子们上床睡觉了。 拓展延伸 send作动词还可表示"发送;邮寄"。 send sth to sb=send sb sth"把某物发送/寄给某人"。 ★ My friend Liu Qian always sends me a postcard when she gets to a new city.我的朋友刘芊每到一个新城市都会给我寄明信片。 3. check 用法 check作动词,表示"检查;查看"。 ★ You should check your car before you drive. 开车之前你应该检查一下你的汽车。 拓展延伸 check还可作名词，表示"检查,查看(是否安全、正确、状况良好)"。 ★ I will have a quick check to see if there are any spelling mistakes.我将快速查看一下是否有拼写错误。 4. point 用法 point作名词,意为"要点,重点,中心意思，主要含义"。此义项下point前通常要加定冠词the，即the point。 ★ The point is that going by bus would be a lot cheaper. 关键是坐公共汽车会便宜得多。 ★ It just isn't true. That's the whole point.最重要的是,那根本不是事实。 拓展延伸 point 作名词的其他常用含义 (1)(比赛或运动中的)分数,得分 Our team is 6 points ahead.我们队领先6分。 (2)论点;观点;看法 D She made several interesting points in the article. i,在文章中提出了几个有趣的观点。 (3)地方;地点;位置 Draw a line from point A to point B. 从 A,点到 B,点画s一条线。 5. attention 用法 attention作不可数名词,表示"注意力;留心;注意"，常用结构如下: pay attention (to...) 注意/留心(......) catch/get sb's attention 吸引/得到某人的注意 tum sb's attention to... 将某人的注意力转向..... ★ We must pay attention to environmental problems.我,们]一定要关注环境问题。 ★I knocked on the window to get her attention. 我,敲了敲窗，以使她注意到我。 6. disagreement 用法 disagreement为名词,意为"意见不和,分歧,争论",既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词，常见用法如下: disagreement about/over/as to/on sth关于某事的分歧 disagreement among/between.........之间的分歧 disagreement with sb与某人意见不和 ★There has been a lot of disagreement about/on/over how best to spend the money.对于怎样以最好的方式花掉这笔钱，一直有许多不同意见。 ★ I had a disagreement with my friend about which movie to watch，我和我的朋友在看哪部电影的问题上产生了分歧。 词形变换 disagreement n.意见不合。分歧，争论 agreement.(意见的)一致，相合 disagree v.不同意，反对，有分歧 agree v.同意，赞同 7. out of breath 用法 out of breath意为"上气不接下气"。breath是名词,其动词形式是breathe,意为"呼吸"。 ★ He arrived at my office in less than two minutes, out of breath.他不到两分钟就到达了我的办公室，上气不接下气。 拓展延伸 含breath的其他常见短语 hold one's breath 屏气;闭气 take one's breath away令人惊叹;让人叹绝 take a deep breath深吸-口气 8. pick up 用法pickup意为"取(某物)",为"动词+副词"型短语。名词作其宾语时,放在pick和up中间或up之后均可;人称代词或反身代词作其宾语时,必须放在pick和up中间。pick up的同义表达有get、fetch、collect等。 ★ I'll pick my things up later, = I'll pick up my things later.我过一会儿来取我的东西。 拓展延伸 pick up的其他常用含义 pick up (开车)接人 I'll pick you up athe station.我将开车到车站接你。 捡起 The bey picked up a can on the ground.这个男孩捡起了地上的金属罐。 接电话 I called your house, but no one picked up.我给你家打电话，但没人接听。 收拾;整理 Pick up your room before you go out.外出之前收拾一下你的房间。 9. be cross with sb 用法 be cross with sb意为"对.....生气或不满"，相当于"get cross with sb"。其中cross 作形容词，意为“生气的，恼怒的” ★I was/got cross with him for his being late for school again.我生气他今天上学又迟到了。 拓展延伸 (1)cross还可用作动词,意为"横穿，穿过"。 The policeman is helping the old man cross the road. 那名警察正在帮助那个老人过马路。 (2)cross作动词还可意为"交叉"。 She was sitting on the floor with her legs crossed. 她盘腿坐在地板上。 10. A deal is a deal! -诺千金! 用法 a deal is a deal是一个英文习语,表示"说话算话,一言为定,一诺千金"。其中，deal作可数名词,意为"协议",尤指生意或政治方面的协议。 deal的常用结构及表达: make/close a deal达成协议 It’s a deal!就这么办吧! ★The two companies made a deal.两家公司达成了协议。 拓展延伸(1)deal也可表示"大量;很多"，通常以单数形式出现。a great/good deal of意思是"大量的，许多的",其后接不可数名词。 ★ It took a great deal of time.这费了很多时间。 (2)deal还可作动词,其过去式和过去分词均为dealt，常用短语为deal with"应付;处理;解决" Developing ideas &Presenting ideas 1. pressure 用法 pressure可指工作、生活中的压力,既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,常用短语如下: the pressure of...的压力 under pressure承受着(急于完成某事的)压力 ★ You need to be able to handle pressure in this job. 你要能应付这一工作的压力。 ★ The team performed well under pressure. i这个-队.在压力下表现良好。 2. disappointed 用法 disappointed为形容词,表示"失望的,沮丧的"，常用结构如下: be disappointed with/in...对......失望 be disappointed at/ by sth 对某事失望 be disappointed to hear/see/find/... 听到/看到/发现/......感到失望 ★When he saw his grades, he was a little disappointed.他看到自己的成绩时，有点儿失望。 ★I'm disappointed in you! I thought I could trust you!你真让我失望!我原以为可以相信你的! ★ He was disappointed to hear the news. 听到这个消息他很失望。 易混辨析 disappointed 和 disappointing 用法 disappointed表示"失望的，沮丧的",通常修饰人，表示人的感受 disappointing表示"令人失望的"通常修饰物，表示事物给人的感觉 ★My friend Li Ming looks disappointed.我的朋友李明看起来很失望。 ★What a disappointing result!这个结果太令人失望了! 3. fail 用法fail作不及物动词,意为"失败,未做到"，表示不成功或未能按预期做某事. 常见用法:fail to do sth/fail in sth"未能做到某事;未做某事;未履行某事"。 ★ He failed to come home at the usual time. 他没有在通常的时间回家。 4. leave out 用法leave out意为"不提及;不包括",为及物动词短语。leave sb/sth out of sth意为"不把某人/物包括在......";be left out意为"被忽视/冷落";feel left out意为"觉得被忽视/冷落"。 ★Leave me out of the quarrel, please.请别把我,牵扯进这场争吵中。 ★ He hadn't been asked to the party and was feeling very left out.他未被邀请参加聚会，感到颇受冷落。 5. can't help (doing) sth 用法 can't help(doing)sth意为"忍不住做某事,不能停止做某事" ★ I couldn't help laughing loudly when I heard such a funmy story.当我听到这么一个有趣的故事时，我忍不住大笑起来。 6. take a turn 用法take aturn意为"发生变化,产生转变",其中tum前常用形容词修饰。tum在此处作可数名词，意为"(突如其来或意外的)变化,转变"。 ★ My career had already taken a new tum, 我的事业l 经有了新的转机。 易混辨析 take turs意为"轮流，依次"，常用于take turs (in)doing sth 或 take turs to do sth 结构中,意为"轮流做某事"。 ★ My husband and I take turns doing the dishes everyday.我和我丈夫每天轮流洗碗。 ★ We take turns to take care of her in the hospital.,或,们轮流在医院里照顾地。 拓展延伸turn还可作动词,意为"(使)转动,旋转;(使)改变方向"。 ★The wheels of the car began to tum,汽车的轮子开始转动起来。 7. believe in 用法 believe in意为"信任;信赖",其后可接名词或代词作宾语，常表示"相信......存在/有用/正确"或"相信某人会成功"。 ★ We do not believe in ghosts.我们不相信有鬼。 ★ He is a good leader. They can believe in him.他是个好领导。他们可以信赖他。 易混辨析 believe in sb 与 believe sb believe in sb表示相信某人的优点或能力 believe sb表示相信某人所说的话 ★ Believe in yourself, or you'll never succeed.相信自己,否则你永远不会成功。 ★I believed him, even though his story sounded unlikely.我相信了他，尽管他听上去不太可信。 3、 单元语法精讲 一般过去时的被动语态 什么是被动语态？ 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者，理解为“被……” 。 不同时态的被动语态： 被动语态的结构是“be+过去分词”，be动词有时态、人称和数的变化。当不知道动作的执行者或没必要指出动作的执行者，只强调突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 一般过去时的被动语态： 1. 肯定结构：was / were+过去分词； 1. 否定结构：wasn’t / weren’t+过去分词； 1. 一般疑问句把was / were放到句首。 如：The school was built 100 years ago. 这所学校是100年前建造的。 He wasn’t invited to the party. Were you invited? 他没有被邀请去聚会。你被邀请了吗？ 教材p23 答案：1. Betty wasn't allowed by her dad to have a lazy day on the sofa. 2. Robert's idea of hiking alone in the mountains was turned down by his mum. 3. Sarah's birthday presents were hidden by her parents in their bedroom. 一、单项选择 1．To be honest, I can’t ________ you anything. You will have to try it yourself. A．promise B．protect C．prefer D．provide 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老实说，我不能承诺你任何事情。你必须自己尝试。 考查动词辨析。promise承诺，保证；protect保护；prefer更喜欢；provide提供。根据“You will have to try it yourself.”可知，因为说话者无法保证结果或提供确定性，所以对方需要自己尝试，promise最符合此语境，表示“不能保证什么”。故选A。 2．—Miss Chen. Tom did badly in his exams this year. —Oh, that’s because he was so ________. He never did his homework in the past month. A．tired B．angry C．lazy D．brave 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——陈老师，汤姆今年考试成绩很差。——哦，那是因为他太懒了。在过去的一个月里，他从未做过作业。 考查形容词词义辨析。tired疲倦的；angry生气的；lazy懒惰的；brave勇敢的。根据“He never did his homework in the past month.”可知，汤姆过去一个月从未做过作业，说明他很懒，lazy符合语境。故选C。 3．—Could you tell us how we can start a _________ with a foreigner? —Talking about weather is a good choice. A．conversation B．call C．bell D．spell 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我们怎样和外国人开始一段谈话吗？——谈论天气是个很好的选择。 考查名词辨析。conversation交谈，谈话；call打电话；bell铃，spell咒语，魅力。根据“Talking about weather is a good choice.”可知是开展对话。故选A。 4．My parents give me a lot of ________ about school. A．passage B．progress C．pressure D．protection 【答案】C 【详解】我的父母在学业方面给了我许多压力。 考查名词辨析。passage（文章的）一段，一节，可数名词； progress进步，不可数名词； pressure 压力，不可数名词；protection保护，不可数名词。a lot of“许多”，修饰可数名词复数，或者不可数名词，再根据“My parents give me a lot of...about school.”可知是指学校的压力，故选C。 5．Tom didn’t prepare for his speech, so he ________ to express his ideas clearly in front of the class.​ A．helped B．failed C．fell D．passed​ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆没有为他的演讲做准备，所以他在全班同学面前没能清楚地表达自己的想法。 考查动词辨析。helped帮助；failed失败；fell掉落；passed通过。根据“Tom didn’t prepare for his speech”可知，因为没有准备，所以应是没能清楚地表达想法，“fail to do sth.”表示“未能做某事”，符合语境。故选B。 6．The new movie completely changed her idea about science fiction—she used to think it was boring. A．totally B．gradually C．suddenly D．hardly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这部新电影彻底改变了她对科幻电影的看法——她以前觉得科幻电影很无聊。 考查副词辨析。totally完全地；gradually逐渐地；suddenly突然地；hardly几乎不。根据“The new movie completely changed her idea”可知，此处需要与“completely”意思相近的词，totally与completely含义一致，故选A。 7．—Please put the books upon the desk. —There are many books here. How about putting them in the bookcase? A．for B．from C．on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——请把书放在桌子上。——这里有很多书。把它们放在书柜里怎么样？ 考查介词辨析。for为了；from从；on在上面。upon表示“在……上”，与on语义相近，故选C。 8．I can’t hear you ________. Something may be wrong with my telephone. A．carefully B．quietly C．clearly D．slowly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我听不清你说话。我的电话可能出问题了。 考查副词辨析。carefully仔细地；quietly安静地；clearly清晰地；slowly缓慢地。根据“Something may be wrong with my telephone”可知，问题出在通讯设备上，导致收听效果不佳，即“听不清楚”；clearly“清晰地”，否定形式“can’t hear...clearly”表示“听不清”，符合语境。故选C。 9．Please read the article ________ a low voice, and then answer the question below it. A．by B．in C．on D．with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：请小声朗读这篇文章，然后回答下面的问题。 考查介词辨析。by通过；in在……里面；on在……上面；with和……一起。根据“a low voice”可知，此处考查固定搭配in a low voice表示“小声地”，故选B。 10．Our parents won’t allow us ________ alone on weekdays. A．stay out late B．to stay out late C．stay up D．to get up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的父母不允许我们平日独自在外待到很晚。 考查动词短语。stay out late在外待到很晚；stay up熬夜；get up起床。根据“allow us”结构，可知正确的动词短语形式为allow sb. to do sth.，因此空格处需要用不定式形式，根据“alone on weekdays”可知是指不允许我们平日独自在外待到很晚。故选B。 11．I met Amy _______ my way back home last Monday. A．in B．on C．at D．by 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周一我在回家的路上遇到了艾米。 考查介词辨析。in在里面；on在……上；at在(某时间或时刻)；by通过。由后面的 my way back home 可知，此处是短语on one’s way home，在去……的路上。故选B。 12．—Could you please help me ________ my ruler under the desk? —Sure. A．look up B．stand up C．pick up D．put up 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能帮我捡起桌子下面的尺子吗？——当然。 考查动词短语辨析。look up查找；stand up站起来；pick up捡起；put up张贴。根据“...my ruler under the desk”可知，此处表达的是“捡起桌子下面的尺子”，pick up符合。故选C。 13．The teacher was cross with him for being late. A．穿越 B．十字形记号 C．反对 D．生气的 【答案】D 【详解】句意：因为迟到，所以老师对他很生气。 考查形容词词义辨析。穿越，属于动词词性；十字形记号，属于名词词性；反对，属于动词词性；生气的，属于形容词词性。根据cross在be动词was后面，且后面跟介词with一起搭配，可知，cross是形容词词性。根据句意，for表示“因为”，因为迟到了，可知，老师对他很生气，所以cross表示“生气的”。故选D。 14．These days, many graduates(大学毕业生) usually have to have quite a few interviews to _______ a job that they need to take. A．try on B．try out for C．try D．have a try on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：最近，很多大学毕业生不得不参加相当多的面试来竞争他们需要的工作。try on试穿，试戴；try out for竞争，参与选拔；try努力；尝试；have a try on试一试。根据句意have to have quite a few interviews…可知，大学毕业生们参加很多面试是为了竞争他们需要的工作，故应选B。 15．He can't help __________ the answers when he can't work out the problems. A．turn to B．to turn C．turning to D．turned to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当她解不出这些问题时，他情不自禁地转向了答案。考查动词形式辨析题。can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事，固定结构。根据句意结构，可知选C。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 16．Despite their (disagree), they decided to work together on the project. 【答案】disagreement/disagreements 【详解】句意：尽管他们有分歧, 但他们还是决定一起做这个项目。“Despite”是介词，后接名词性成分，“their”为形容词性物主代词，需搭配名词。“disagree”是动词，其名词形式“disagreement”表示“分歧；意见不合”，可作可数（表示具体多项分歧）或不可数名词（表示抽象的分歧概念）。故填disagreement/disagreements。 17．To be fitter, Jason promises (exercise) for two more hours each weekend. 【答案】to exercise 【详解】句意：为了更健康，杰森承诺每个周末再多锻炼两个小时。根据“promises…for two more hours each weekend”可知，横线处考查promise的用法，promise to do sth“承诺做某事”，所以横线处需填动词不定式to exercise。故填to exercise。 18．Winter (ski) is one of the most popular sports in Switzerland. 【答案】skiing 【详解】句意：冬季滑雪是瑞士最受欢迎的运动之一。句子需要一个名词性成分作主语，动词ski要变为动名词形式skiing，构成固定表达winter skiing（冬季滑雪），表示一项运动。故填skiing。 19．The little boy felt (disappoint) when he found his favorite toy was broken. 【答案】disappointed 【详解】句意：当这个小男孩发现他最喜欢的玩具坏了时，他感到失望。disappoint“使失望”，动词。空格处在系动词felt后作表语，主语是“The little boy”，表示人的感受，应用形容词disappointed，意为“感到失望的”。故填disappointed。 20．The invention (complete) changed our daily lives. 【答案】completely 【详解】句意：这个发明彻底改变了我们的日常生活。空处修饰动词changed，应用副词completely“彻底地”。故填completely。 21．I have a little telescope that helps me see the stars more (clear). 【答案】clearly 【详解】句意：我有一个小望远镜，可以帮助我更清楚地看到星星。clear“清楚的”，形容词；空处修饰动词see，用副词clearly“清楚地”，比较级形式直接在前面加more。故填clearly。 22．She and her aunt are both (policewoman). They caught a thief together yesterday. 【答案】policewomen 【详解】句意：她和她的姑姑都是女警察。她们昨天一起抓住了一个小偷。根据“She and her aunt are both”可知，空处要用名词复数，policewoman的复数为policewomen。故填policewomen。 23．The little boy has received so much (press) that he can’t sleep well before the match. 【答案】pressure 【详解】句意：这个小男孩承受了如此大的压力，以至于他在比赛前睡不好觉。press“按”，根据“so much”可知，此处用不可数名词pressure。故填pressure。 24．Every morning, she (attach) a new note to her schoolbag. 【答案】attaches 【详解】句意：每天早上，她都会在她的书包上贴一张新便条。根据“Every morning”可知，本句是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单形式。故填attaches。 25．After a long holiday, some students become even (lazy). 【答案】lazier 【详解】句意：经过一个漫长的假期后，一些学生变得更懒了。lazy“懒惰的”，形容词。根据“even”可知，此处用比较级，“lazy”变比较级时需将“y”改为“i”再加“-er”，即“lazier”。故填lazier。 知识导图记忆 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、根据提示填词 1．The meeting will begin at 2:30 (下午). 【答案】p.m. 【详解】句意：会议将在下午两点半开始。根据“2:30”及中文“下午”的提示可知，“p.m.”是“post meridiem”的缩写，意为“下午”，常用于数字时间后明确时段，符合语境，故填p.m.。 2．There is a new movie on show in the cinema (今晚). 【答案】tonight 【详解】句意：电影院今晚有一部新电影上映。根据汉语提示可知，此处需要填写表示时间的副词“今晚”。“今晚”对应的英文是tonight，在句中作时间状语。故填tonight。 3．Paul (意识到) the importance of exercise and decided to start running every morning. 【答案】realized/realised 【详解】句意：保罗意识到了锻炼的重要性，决定每天早上开始跑步。根据“Paul...the importance of exercise and decided to start running every morning.”及汉语提示“意识到”，可知此处需填动词“realize/realise”。由句中并列谓语“decided”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，因此需用过去式“realized/realised”。故填realized/realised。 4．The (灯) in our room are so bright. 【答案】lamps/lights 【详解】句意：我们房间的灯太亮了。lamp/light表示“灯”，名词；根据“are”可知，名词要用复数形式。故填lamps/lights。 5．Where are my sister’s (女式衬衫)? I can’t find them. 【答案】blouses 【详解】句意：我姐姐的女式衬衫在哪里？我找不到它们。根据“Where are my sister’s...? I can’t find them.”可知，此处需填名词，且为复数形式，blouse“女式衬衫”，其复数形式为blouses。故填blouses。 6．You look (苍白的). What’s the matter with you? 【答案】pale 【详解】句意：你看起来很苍白。你怎么了？。苍白的：pale，“look”是系动词，后接形容词作表语，“pale”在句子中作表语，用来描述主语的状态，符合句子表达“你看起来苍白”的意思。故填pale。 7．35% of the (年老的) feel lonely sometimes since their children don’t live with them. 【答案】old/elderly 【详解】句意：自从他们的孩子不和他们住在一起后，35%的老年人时不时的会觉得孤单。由句意和语境可推测，本题考查the+形容词，表示一类人。old/elderly年老的，是形容词，the old/elderly老年人，故填old/elderly。 8．The (情节) of the movie is very exciting. 【答案】plot 【详解】句意：这部电影的情节非常令人激动。情节：plot，根据“is”可知名词用单数。故填plot。 9．It concludes with a very useful summary of key . (要点) 【答案】points 【详解】句意：最后，它对关键点进行了非常有用的总结。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填point“要点”，用可数名词复数形式表泛指。故填points。 10．We came home and found him sleeping on the (沙发). 【答案】sofa 【详解】句意：我们回到家，发现他在沙发上睡着了。根据汉语提示可知，“沙发”译为sofa，为可数名词；此处由the修饰，应用单数形式。故填sofa。 11．Miss Li teaches us English this . (学期) 【答案】term 【详解】句意：李老师这学期教我们英语。“学期”用名词term，this后接可数名词单数，符合语境。故填term。 12．They focus too much on dealing with (同龄人) pressure. 【答案】peer 【详解】句意：他们过于关注应对同龄人压力。peer“同龄人”，名词。故填peer。 二、完成句子 13．在学校运动会之后，运动员们虽然喘不过气来但满是兴奋。 After the school sports day, the participants were but full of excitement. 【答案】 out   of     breath 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“喘不过气来”这一含义，out of breath“喘不过气来”，为固定短语。故填out of breath。 14．他为自己的志愿工作感到自豪。 He his voluntary work. 【答案】 is proud of 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处缺少“为……感到自豪”。“be proud of...”是固定短语，意为“为……感到自豪”；此处描述一般情况，时态用一般现在时，主语“He”是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is；proud；of。 15．有时，我们会犯拼写错误。 , we will make spelling mistakes. 【答案】 At times 【详解】根据句意可知，此处表示“有时”，用短语“at times”，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填At；times。 16．我最好的朋友在北京，我们通过微信互相保持联系。 My best friend is in Beijing and we each other through WeChat. 【答案】 keep/stay in touch with 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“保持联系”，对应英文短语是keep/stay in touch with，主语是we，时态为一般现在时，动词用原形。故填keep/stay；in；touch；with。 17．我发现他们已经离开了，觉得很失望。 I find that they had left already. 【答案】 was disappointed to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“觉得很失望”。be disappointed to do sth.表示“做某事感到失望”，根据句意可知，“发现”这一动作发生在过去，句子使用一般过去时，主语是I，be动词用was。故填was；disappointed；to。 18．这部电影让很多人爱上了中国功夫。 The movie made lots of people Chinese kung fu. 【答案】 fall in love with 【详解】根据句意及空处可知，缺少“爱上”的表达。fall in love with“爱上”，动词短语，根据“made”可知，make是使役动词，意为“让；使”，后面的动词用原形，故填fall；in；love；with。 19．农村的生活与城市不同——更安静、更放松。 Life in the countryside that in the city—quieter and more relaxing. 【答案】 is different from 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“与……不同”，英文表达为“be different from”。本句描述客观情况，时态用一般现在时，主语是“Life”，为不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is；different；from。 20．当人们听到他的笑话时，都会忍不住笑起来。 People when they heard his funny jokes. 【答案】couldn’t help laughing 【详解】根据中英文对照及“when they heard”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，can’t help doing sth.“忍不住做某事”，动词短语，can’t用过去式couldn’t，laugh“笑”，动词，现在分词为laughing。故填couldn’t help laughing。 三、语法选择 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个 选项中选出一个最佳的答案。 I couldn’t wait to have my own apartment (公寓) and live alone. I have a big family with two brothers. I love my family, 21 I really wanted my own place. I knew that one day I 22 have my own place. That day finally came! When I started my first year of college, I 23 to rent (租) an apartment. My parents asked me 24 I would do next. I told them I wanted to decorate the rooms the way I liked. I bought food that I liked. It was a very special time! But something was missing, and I couldn’t quite find out what it was. So I called some friends over 25 a party. After the party was over, I felt 26 than before. But the next day, I felt a little sad again. While I 27 on the sofa thinking, the doorbell rang. I opened the door. Brothers and sisters, aunts and uncles, my mother and father all stood there. They had come a long way to surprise me with a party. 28 happy I was! They brought food and drinks, and we had 29 great time. When the party was over, I realised that even though I had my own place, I was homesick(想家的). After that party, I visited my family once a week because I learned that there was no place 30 home. 21．A．so B．or C．but 22．A．should B．will C．would 23．A．is allowed B．allowed C．was allowed 24．A．what B．whether C．why 25．A．have B．to have C．having 26．A．good B．better C．best 27．A．will sit B．am sitting C．was sitting 28．A．How B．What C．What an 29．A．a B．an C．the 30．A．behind B．about C．like 【答案】 21．C 22．C 23．C 24．A 25．B 26．B 27．C 28．A 29．A 30．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了“我”渴望拥有自己的公寓独居，上大学后如愿租房独居，但逐渐感到缺失，最终家人的惊喜派对让“我”明白家的重要性的故事。 21．句意：我爱我的家人，但我真的想要属于自己的地方。 so所以；or或者；but但是。根据“I love my family,...I really wanted my own place.”可知，前后句存在转折关系。前句表达对家人的爱，后句表达渴望独立空间，因此需用表示转折的连词but。故选C。 22．句意：我知道总有一天我会有属于自己的地方。 should应该；will将要；would将会。根据“I knew that one day I...have my own place.”可知，主句是过去时，从句描述的是“过去所认为的将来”，应使用过去将来时would。故选C。 23．句意：当我开始大学第一年时，我被允许租一间公寓。 is allowed被允许，一般现在时；allowed允许，一般过去时；was allowed被允许，一般过去时。根据主语“I”和“allow”是被动关系，且时态为一般过去时，可知此处是一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 24．句意：我的父母问我接下来会做什么。 what什么；whether是否；why为什么。根据“I would do next”可知，此处是询问要做的事情，用what。故选A。 25．句意：所以我叫朋友们过来开派对。 have举办；to have去举办，不定式作目的状语；having正在举办，现在分词。根据“called some friends over”可知，此处表目的，用不定式to have。故选B。 26．句意：派对结束后，我感觉比之前好一些了。 good好的；better更好的；best最好的。根据“than before”可知，此处用比较级。故选B。 27．句意：当我正坐在沙发上思考时，门铃响了。 will sit将会坐；am sitting正在坐，现在进行时；was sitting正在坐，过去进行时。根据“the doorbell rang”可知，此处是过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。故选C。 28．句意：我多么开心啊！ How多么，修饰形容词或副词；What多么，修饰名词；What an多么，用于修饰可数名词单数，且首字母发音为元音。根据“...happy I was!”可知，感叹句中心词是形容词happy，应使用How引导感叹句，其结构How+形容词+主语+谓语！故选A。 29．句意：他们带来了食物和饮料，我们玩得很开心。 a一个；an一个；the这个。根据“we had...great time.”可知，这是固定搭配have a great time表示“玩得开心”。great以辅音音素开头，用a。故选A。 30．句意：我明白了没有地方像家一样。 behind在……后面；about关于；like像……一样。根据“no place...home”可知，此处是没有任何地方像家一样。故选C。 四、完形填空 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。 Students these days often have a lot of worries. Sometimes they have problems 31 their schoolwork, and sometimes with their friends. What can 32 do about this? Some people believe the 33 thing is to do nothing. Laura Mills, a teenager from London, agrees. “Problems and worries are normal in life,” says Laura. “But I think talking to someone helps a lot. 34 we talk to someone, we’ll certainly feel worse.” Laura once lost her 35 , and worried for days. She was 36 to tell her parents about it. She even walked three miles to school each day 37 she didn’t have any money. She just kept thinking, “If I tell my parents, they’ll be angry!” In the end, she talked to her parents and they were really 38 . Her dad said he sometimes made careless mistakes 39 . They got her a new wallet and asked her to be more careful. “I will 40 remember to share my problems in the future!” Laura says. 31．A．in B．to C．with D．on 32．A．you B．we C．them D．they 33．A．best B．worst C．fastest D．most important 34．A．If B．Unless C．Because D．So 35．A．bike B．schoolbag C．pencil box D．wallet 36．A．able B．afraid C．happy D．upset 37．A．because B．so C．and D．but 38．A．angry B．understanding C．upset D．worried 39．A．myself B．yourself C．himself D．herself 40．A．always B．never C．hardly ever D．sometimes 【答案】 31．C 32．D 33．B 34．B 35．D 36．B 37．A 38．B 39．C 40．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了现在的学生经常有很多烦恼，有时候是学业上的，有时候是和朋友之间的。文章通过Laura Mills的例子，告诉我们应该如何处理这些问题和烦恼。 31．句意：有时他们在学业上有问题，有时和朋友之间有问题。 in在……里；to到；with和；on在……上。根据“have problems...their schoolwork”可知，此处指学业上有问题，have problems with“在……方面有问题”。故选C。 32．句意：他们对此能做些什么呢？ you你；we我们；them他们；they他们。根据“What can...do about this?”可知，此处指学生们，作主语用人称代词主格they。故选D。 33．句意：有些人认为最糟糕的事情就是什么都不做。 best最好的；worst最糟糕的；fastest最快的；most important最重要的。根据“is to do nothing”可知，什么都不做是最糟糕的。故选B。 34．句意：除非我们和某人交谈，否则我们肯定会感觉更糟。 If如果；Unless除非；Because因为；So所以。根据“we talk to someone, we’ll certainly feel worse.”可知，除非和别人交谈，否则会感觉更糟，用unless引导条件状语从句。故选B。 35．句意：Laura曾经丢了钱包，担心了好几天。 bike自行车；schoolbag书包；pencil box铅笔盒；wallet钱包。根据下文“They got her a new wallet”可知，此处指丢了钱包。故选D。 36．句意：她不敢告诉父母这件事。 able能够；afraid害怕的；happy开心的；upset沮丧的。根据“She even walked three miles to school each day...she didn’t have any money.”可知，她没有钱，所以不敢告诉父母。故选B。 37．句意：她甚至每天步行三英里去上学，因为她没有钱。 because因为；so所以；and和；but但是。根据“She even walked three miles to school each day...she didn’t have any money.”可知，前后是因果关系，前果后因，用because引导原因状语从句。故选A。 38．句意：最后，她和父母谈了，他们真的很理解。 angry生气的；understanding善解人意的，理解的；upset沮丧的；worried担心的。根据“In the end, she talked to her parents and they were really...”可知，父母很理解她。故选B。 39．句意：她爸爸说他自己有时也会犯粗心的错误。 myself我自己；yourself你自己；himself他自己；herself她自己。根据“Her dad said he sometimes made careless mistakes...”可知，此处指她爸爸自己，用himself。故选C。 40．句意：将来我会永远记得分享我的问题！ always总是；never从不；hardly ever几乎不；sometimes有时。根据“I will...remember to share my problems in the future!”可知，此处指总是记得分享问题。故选A。 五、阅读理解 Since last year, short videos have become popular online. Many people make and share short videos on popular video apps. You can even add music and special effects to your videos. A video usually lasts 15 seconds to a few minutes. It shows people’s daily activities like cooking, exercising and singing. So it can attract (吸引) many people. Teenagers enjoy these videos very much. More than 50% of junior high school students enjoy watching these short videos. About 47% of them have shared their own videos on short video apps, according to a recent report by the China National Youth Palace Association. The videos let teenagers see a lot of funny and exciting things. Many teenagers like to share the fun things they do with others as well. For example, a student named Xiao Qianyu has shared videos about her dancing. They make her win many fans. However, the videos can also cause trouble. Some students watch short videos for too long and do not have enough time to study. Besides, some videos are not appropriate for teenagers. They may learn bad things from them. To solve these problems, one short video app added a new function (功能) in April. The app won’t work if someone uses it for over two hours a day. In the same month, the government asked companies to control these apps and take out harmful videos. The apps have been checked and controlled more strictly since then, the Beijing News reported. 41．According to the article, what can people do on popular video apps? A．Cook, exercise, sing and work. B．Make money and attract a lot of fans. C．Make some videos and share them. D．Study online and learn something useful. 42．What percentage of junior high school students haven’t shared their own videos on short video apps? A．About 47%. B．Less than 47%. C．About 53%. D．97%. 43．What does the underlined word “appropriate” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Right. B．Exciting. C．New. D．Safe. 44．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Popular short video makers. B．Popular short video apps. C．Why short videos become popular. D．How to use short video apps. 45．What’s the writer’s opinion about the short video apps according to the passage? A．They are good for teenagers. B．We should use them wisely. C．Teenagers mustn’t make short videos. D．We shouldn’t spend time on them. 【答案】41．C 42．C 43．A 44．B 45．B 【导语】本文介绍短视频的流行、青少年的使用情况，以及其带来的好处与问题，还有相关解决措施。 41．细节理解题。根据“Many people make and share short videos on popular video apps.”可知人们可以在热门视频应用上制作并分享短视频，故选C。 42．细节理解题。根据“About 47% of them have shared their own videos on short video apps, according to a recent report by the China National Youth Palace Association.”可知约47%的学生分享过视频，所以未分享的约53%，故选C。 43．词句猜测题。根据“They may learn bad things from them.”可知有些视频不适合青少年，“appropriate”意为“合适的”，即“Right”，故选A。 44．主旨大意题。文章围绕热门短视频应用展开，介绍其使用、影响等，故选B。 45．观点态度题。文章讲了短视频的利弊及管控措施，作者认为应合理使用，故选B。 $