Unit 2 Growing pains and gains（复习讲义）英语新教材外研版八年级下册

Unit 2 Growing pains and gains （复习讲义) 类别 核心内容 单词 1. gain n. 收获；v. 获得 2. pain n. 痛苦；苦恼 3. promise v. & n. 承诺；答应 4. interrupt v. 打断；插话 5. attach v. 附着；粘贴 6. pale adj. 苍白的；灰白的 7. responsible adj. 有责任的；负责的 8. confidence n. 自信；信心 9. courage n. 勇气；胆量 10. failure n. 失败；不及格 11. peer n. 同龄人；同伴 12. pressure n. 压力 13. disappointed adj. 失望的 14. regret v. & n. 后悔；遗憾 15. challenge n. & v. 挑战 短语 1. a deal is a deal 一言为定；说话算数 2. out of breath 气喘吁吁；上气不接下气 3. attach...to... 把…… 附着在…… 上 4. take...to... 把…… 带到…… 5. be cross with sb. 对某人心烦；对某人发脾气 6. stay in touch with 与…… 保持联系 7. cut off 切断；中断 8. take one's mind off 使某人不再思考；转移某人的注意力 9. fall in love with 爱上；喜欢上 10. peer pressure 同伴压力；同龄人压力 11. be left out 被冷落；被排除在外 12. look back 回顾；回忆 句型 1. A deal is a deal! The promise wasn't kept. 2. A yellow band was attached to her wrist. 3. She was taken home by a policewoman. 4. Too much of your time is spent on your phone. 5. When one door closes, another opens. 语法 一般过去时的被动语态（was/were + 过去分词） 写作 1. 描述与父母的一次分歧经历； 2. 撰写个人失败经历及成长感悟； 3. 介绍他人的成长故事并进行展示 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点 1：A deal is a deal! The promise wasn't kept.（教材 P20） 一言为定！你没有遵守承诺。 ① promise v. & n. 承诺；答应 【固定搭配】make a promise 许下承诺；keep a promise 遵守承诺；break a promise 违背承诺 例：He made a promise to help me with my English.（他承诺帮我学英语。） 例：We should always keep our promises.（我们应该始终遵守承诺。） ② 语法：一般过去时被动语态（was/were + 过去分词），此处强调 “承诺被遵守” 这一被动关系 例：The letter was sent yesterday, but it wasn't received.（信是昨天寄的，但还没收到。） 知识点 2：I'm back...（breathing quickly）I'm out of breath.（教材 P20） 我回来了……（气喘吁吁地）我上气不接下气。 ① out of breath 固定短语，意为 “气喘吁吁；上气不接下气” 例：After running for 10 minutes, she was out of breath.（跑了 10 分钟后，她气喘吁吁。） ② breathing quickly 现在分词短语作伴随状语，表动作发生时的状态 例：He stood there, looking at the picture silently.（他站在那里，静静地看着那幅画。） 知识点 3：I checked and saw that a yellow band was attached to her wrist.（教材 P21） 我检查了一下，发现她的手腕上系着一个黄色的手环。 ① attach v. 附着；粘贴 【固定搭配】attach...to... 把…… 附着在…… 上 例：She attached a photo to the letter.（她在信上附了一张照片。） ② 语法：一般过去时被动语态，此处描述 “手环被系在手腕上” 的状态 例：The notice was attached to the door.（通知贴在门上。） 知识点 4：I was so worried that I was cross with you.（教材 P21） 我太担心了，所以对你发脾气了。 ① be cross with sb. 固定短语，意为 “对某人心烦；对某人发脾气” 【同义表达】be angry with sb. 例：My mother was cross with me because I came home late.（妈妈因为我回家晚而对我发脾气。） ② so...that... 句型，意为 “如此…… 以至于……”，引导结果状语从句 例：He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（他太累了，马上就睡着了。） 知识点 5：I waited with her until she was taken home by a policewoman.（教材 P21） 我一直陪着她，直到一位女警察把她送回家。 ① until 连词，意为 “直到…… 为止”，引导时间状语从句 例：He stayed in the office until he finished all the work.（他一直待在办公室，直到完成所有工作。） ② 语法：until 引导的时间状语从句中，主句用延续性动词（如 wait, stay, work 等），从句用短暂性动词（如 take, finish, leave 等） 例：I will wait for you until you come back.（我会等你，直到你回来。） 知识点 6：It helps me stay in touch with my friends after school.（教材 P23） 它能帮助我放学后和朋友们保持联系。 ① stay in touch with 固定短语，意为 “与…… 保持联系” 【同义表达】keep in touch with；反义短语：lose touch with 与…… 失去联系 例：We have stayed in touch with each other since we graduated.（我们毕业后一直保持着联系。） ② help sb. (to) do sth. 固定用法，意为 “帮助某人做某事”，to 可省略 例：She helped me (to) finish my homework.（她帮我完成了作业。） 知识点 7：But now I'm cut off from them!（教材 P23） 但现在我和他们失去了联系！ ① cut off 固定短语，意为 “切断；中断”，此处引申为 “与…… 失去联系” 例：The phone call was cut off suddenly.（电话突然中断了。） 例：He was cut off from his family during the trip.（他在旅行期间与家人失去了联系。） ② 被动语态：be cut off 表示 “被切断；被中断” 例：The electricity was cut off because of the storm.（因为暴风雨，电力被切断了。） 知识点 8：Too much of your time is spent on your phone.（教材 P23） 你太多时间都花在手机上了。 ① spend v. 花费（时间、金钱等） 【固定搭配】spend time/money on sth. 花费时间 / 金钱在某物上；spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间 / 金钱做某事 例：She spends two hours on English every day.（她每天花两小时学英语。） 例：He spent a lot of money buying books.（他花了很多钱买书。） ② 语法：此处为一般现在时被动语态，主动形式为 You spend too much of your time on your phone. 被动结构强调 “时间被花费” 例：A lot of time is spent on sports by students.（学生们在运动上花很多时间。） 知识点 9：At times, your attention is drawn away during family meals.（教材 P23） 有时候，家庭聚餐时你的注意力会被分散。 ① draw away 固定短语，意为 “转移；拉开”，此处为被动形式 be drawn away，意为 “被转移” 例：Her attention was drawn away by the beautiful music.（她的注意力被优美的音乐转移了。） ② at times 固定短语，意为 “有时候；偶尔”，同义表达：sometimes, from time to time 例：At times, I like to go for a walk alone.（有时候，我喜欢一个人散步。） 知识点 10：Many teens have experienced peer pressure.（教材 P25） 许多青少年都经历过同伴压力。 ① peer pressure 固定短语，意为 “同伴压力；同龄人压力” 例：Peer pressure can make some students try smoking.（同伴压力可能会让一些学生尝试吸烟。） ② experience v. 经历；体验；n. 经历；经验 例：She has experienced a lot of difficulties in her life.（她一生中经历了很多困难。） 例：He has rich teaching experience.（他有丰富的教学经验。） 知识点 11：They sometimes do a thing just because they don't want to be left out.（教材 P25） 他们有时会做某件事，只是因为不想被冷落。 ① be left out 固定短语，意为 “被冷落；被排除在外” 例：Nobody wants to be left out in group activities.（没有人想在集体活动中被冷落。） ② 语法：一般现在时被动语态，left 是 leave 的过去分词 例：He felt sad because he was left out of the team.（他因为没被选入团队而感到难过。） 知识点 12：Peer pressure can make you feel bad for being different from your friends.（教材 P25） 同伴压力会让你因为和朋友不一样而感到难过。 ① make sb. feel + 形容词 固定用法，意为 “让某人感到……”，feel 为感官动词，后接形容词作表语 例：The bad news made her feel sad.（这个坏消息让她感到难过。） ② be different from 固定短语，意为 “与…… 不同” 例：My hobby is different from my sister's.（我的爱好和我姐姐的不一样。） ③ for 介词，此处表示 “因为”，后接名词、代词或动名词 例：He apologized for being late.（他因为迟到而道歉。） 知识点 13：I was so disappointed at being too short and failing to get on the basketball team.（教材 P28） 我因为个子太矮没能进入篮球队而感到非常失望。 ① disappointed adj. 失望的 【固定搭配】be disappointed at/in/with sth. 对某事失望；be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事感到失望 例：She was disappointed with the exam result.（她对考试结果感到失望。） 例：I was disappointed to miss the concert.（我没能去看成音乐会，感到很失望。） ② fail to do sth. 固定用法，意为 “未能做某事；做某事失败” 例：He failed to pass the driving test.（他驾照考试没通过。） 知识点 14：At first, I swam just to take my mind off things.（教材 P29） 起初，我游泳只是为了转移注意力。 ① take one's mind off 固定短语，意为 “使某人不再思考；转移某人的注意力” 例：Listening to music can take my mind off work stress.（听音乐能让我暂时忘记工作压力。） ② at first 固定短语，意为 “起初；一开始”，与 later（后来）相对 例：At first, I didn't like the new teacher, but later I found she was very kind.（一开始我不喜欢那位新老师，但后来我发现她人很好。） 知识点 15：I fell completely in love with the sport.（教材 P29） 我完全爱上了这项运动。 ① fall in love with 固定短语，意为 “爱上；喜欢上” 例：She fell in love with painting when she was a child.（她小时候就爱上了画画。） ② completely adv. 完全地；彻底地，修饰动词 fell 例：The work was completely finished on time.（工作按时完全完成了。） 知识点 16：When one door closes, another opens.（教材 P29） 一扇门关上，另一扇门就会打开。 ① 谚语含义：人生中遇到挫折时，总会有新的机会出现。 例：Don't be sad about failing the exam. Remember, when one door closes, another opens.（别为考试不及格而难过。记住，一扇门关上，另一扇门就会打开。） ② 省略句结构，完整形式为 When one door closes, another door opens. 避免重复省略了第二个 door 例：When you finish this task, (another) one will come.（你完成这项任务后，另一项就会来。） 知识点 17：It's great to look back and see my pains and gains with fresh eyes.（教材 P29） 用全新的视角回顾我的烦恼与收获，感觉很棒。 ① look back 固定短语，意为 “回顾；回忆”，常与介词 on/at 连用 例：When I look back on my childhood, I feel very happy.（当我回顾童年时，我感到非常幸福。） ② with fresh eyes 固定搭配，意为 “用全新的视角；以新的眼光” 例：We should look at the problem with fresh eyes.（我们应该用全新的视角看待这个问题。） 知识点 18：Failure may fall upon us at any stage in our lives.（教材 P29） 在我们人生的任何阶段，都可能遭遇失败。 ① fall upon 固定短语，意为 “降临；遭遇”，此处指 “遭遇（不好的事情）” 例：Bad luck fell upon him last month—he lost his job and his bike was stolen.（上个月他运气很差，丢了工作，自行车也被偷了。） ② stage n. 阶段；时期 例：Childhood is an important stage in a person's life.（童年是一个人人生中重要的阶段。） 单元语法：一般过去时的被动语态 1. 句型结构 1) 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者) 2) 否定句：主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者) 3) 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者)? 4) 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者)? 例句： 1) 肯定：The old woman was taken home by a policewoman.（那位老太太被一位女警察送回了家。） 2) 否定：The promise wasn't kept by him.（他没有遵守承诺。） 3) 一般疑问：Was the letter sent yesterday?（信是昨天寄的吗？） 4) 特殊疑问：Who was the old man helped by?（那位老人是被谁帮助的？） 2. 核心用法 1) 强调动作的承受者，而非执行者 2) 不知道动作的执行者或执行者不重要时使用 3) 描述过去发生的被动动作或状态 例句：The bridge was built in 2000.（这座桥建于 2000 年。）（强调桥被建造，无需提及建造者） 3. 主动语态变一般过去时被动语态的步骤 1) 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语 2) 把主动语态的谓语动词变成 “was/were + 过去分词” 形式 3) 把主动语态的主语变成 by 的宾语（可省略） 例句：主动：They held a meeting yesterday. → 被动：A meeting was held (by them) yesterday. 4. 易错点提醒 1) 不规则动词的过去分词需要特殊记忆（如：take - taken；do - done；see - seen） 2) 主语为单数时用 was，复数时用 were 3) 不及物动词（如：happen, come, go 等）无被动语态 单元写作：描述成长相关经历与感悟 写作主题：本单元围绕 “成长的烦恼与收获” 展开，要求学生运用所学词汇、语法及句式，描述与父母的分歧、个人的失败经历或他人的成长故事，表达对成长的理解与感悟。主要写作维度有：1）成长中的具体事件（起因、经过、结果）；2）事件带来的烦恼与收获；3）从中获得的启示与成长。 中考命题角度：描述与家人的一次矛盾及解决过程；分享个人失败经历与成长感悟；介绍一位榜样人物的成长故事；阐述对 “成长” 含义的理解等。 写作框架: 高分词汇与句型: 1. 词汇：challenge, courage, confidence, responsibility, failure, gain, understand, forgive, overcome 2. 句型： 1) It was a difficult time for me, but I never gave up. 2) Although I failed at first, I gained valuable experience. 3) Growing up is not always easy, but it brings us many precious lessons. 4) When one door closes, another opens. We should always look for new opportunities. （时间：30 分钟，满分：50 分） 一、单词拼写（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 1. We should keep our ______ (承诺) and never break them. 2. The old man looked ______ (苍白的) because he was ill. 3. She has a lot of ______ (信心) in herself and she never gives up easily. 4. It takes ______ (勇气) to face difficulties in life. 5. Don't be afraid of ______ (失败); it can make you grow stronger. 6. Many teens feel stressed because of ______ (同伴) pressure. 7. He ______ (附着) a note to the present before giving it to her. 8. My mother was ______ (生气的) with me because I forgot her birthday. 9. After running fast, he was ______ (气喘吁吁的) and couldn't speak. 10. I was ______ (失望的) when I didn't get into the school team. 二、单项选择（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 1. The old woman ______ to her home by a kind student yesterday. A. takes B. took C. was taken D. is taken 2. He ______ his promise, so his friends were very angry with him. A. didn't keep B. wasn't kept C. hasn't kept D. isn't kept 3. — Why were you ______ your brother? — Because he broke my favorite cup. A. cross with B. strict with C. pleased with D. popular with 4. She ______ in love with swimming when she was 8 years old. A. falls B. fell C. is falling D. will fall 5. The notice ______ to the wall, so everyone can see it clearly. A. attaches B. attached C. is attached D. was attached 6. Don't worry. You won't be ______ in the group activity. A. left out B. cut off C. taken off D. put off 7. He was ______ tired ______ he fell asleep on the desk. A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D. enough; to 8. Many students use phones ______ in touch with their parents. A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed 9. The letter ______ by my father yesterday morning. A. wrote B. was written C. is written D. writes 10. From the failure, I learned that ______ is not terrible as long as we don't give up. A. success B. confidence C. failure D. courage 三、完成句子（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 1. 他因为帮助那位迷路的老人而被表扬了。(be praised for) He ______ ______ ______ helping the lost old man. 2. 这些规则必须被严格遵守。(be followed strictly) These rules ______ ______ ______ strictly. 3. 她的自行车昨天被偷了，所以她不得不步行上学。(be stolen) Her bike ______ ______ yesterday, so she had to walk to school. 4. 我妈妈让我不要熬夜，但我没有遵守承诺。(keep one's promise) My mother told me not to stay up late, but I ______ ______ ______. 5. 通过这次经历，我明白了成长意味着承担责任。(mean doing sth.) From this experience, I learned that growing up ______ ______ responsibility. 四、阅读理解（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） Growing up is a journey full of pains and gains. Everyone will face different challenges in their growth. For example, disagreements with parents, failure in exams, or peer pressure. These experiences may make us feel sad or stressed, but they also help us grow. A boy named Tom once had a big argument with his mother. He promised to be home before 9 pm, but he came back at 10:30 pm. His mother was very angry. Later, Tom explained that he helped an old woman who was lost find her way home. His mother felt sorry for being cross with him and was proud of his kindness. From this experience, Tom learned to communicate with his mother in time, and his mother learned to listen to Tom's story patiently. Another example is Lily. She dreamed of being a dancer, but she failed the dance audition ( audition ) because of her poor health. She was very disappointed. Her best friend encouraged her to try painting. At first, Lily just painted to take her mind off the failure. But soon she fell in love with painting and won many prizes. Lily realized that failure is not the end; it's a chance to try something new. In fact, growing up is not about avoiding difficulties. It's about facing them bravely, learning from them, and becoming a better person. Every pain in growth will become a precious gain in the future. 1. Why did Tom come back late? A. He forgot the time. B. He helped a lost old woman. C. He played with his friends. D. He had a dance audition. 2. How did Lily feel after failing the dance audition? A. Proud B. Happy C. Disappointed D. Angry 3. What did Lily learn from her failure? A. She should give up her dream. B. Failure is a chance to try something new. C. She is not good at any activity. D. Her friend's advice is not useful. 4. What does the writer think about growing up? A. It's easy and enjoyable. B. It's about avoiding all challenges. C. It's about facing difficulties and learning from them. D. It's only full of sad experiences. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Growing up is full of pains and gains. B. We should avoid difficulties in growth. C. Disagreements with parents are common. D. Failure is terrible for everyone. 五、语法填空（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） Growing up is not always easy. We may face many challenges and failures. Last year, I 1. ______ (have) a disagreement with my parents. I wanted to join the art club, but they didn't agree. They thought I should spend more time on my studies. I was very sad and even 2. ______ (argue) with them. One day, my art teacher talked to me. She said my parents 3. ______ (care) about me and I should communicate with them. Then I decided to have a heart-to-heart talk with my parents. I told them I really loved art and it wouldn't affect my studies. To my surprise, my parents 4. ______ (understand) me finally. They allowed me to join the club. Last month, our school held an art competition. My painting 5. ______ (choose) to take part in it. I 6. ______ (prepare) for it carefully. In the end, I won the first prize. When I told my parents the good news, they 7. ______ (be) very proud of me. From this experience, I 8. ______ (learn) that communication is important in family relationships. When we have disagreements, we shouldn't get angry easily. We should listen to each other's ideas. Also, I 9. ______ (realize) that failure is not terrible. If we keep trying, we 10. ______ (achieve) our dreams. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 15 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Growing pains and gains （复习讲义) 类别 核心内容 单词 1. gain n. 收获；v. 获得 2. pain n. 痛苦；苦恼 3. promise v. & n. 承诺；答应 4. interrupt v. 打断；插话 5. attach v. 附着；粘贴 6. pale adj. 苍白的；灰白的 7. responsible adj. 有责任的；负责的 8. confidence n. 自信；信心 9. courage n. 勇气；胆量 10. failure n. 失败；不及格 11. peer n. 同龄人；同伴 12. pressure n. 压力 13. disappointed adj. 失望的 14. regret v. & n. 后悔；遗憾 15. challenge n. & v. 挑战 短语 1. a deal is a deal 一言为定；说话算数 2. out of breath 气喘吁吁；上气不接下气 3. attach...to... 把…… 附着在…… 上 4. take...to... 把…… 带到…… 5. be cross with sb. 对某人心烦；对某人发脾气 6. stay in touch with 与…… 保持联系 7. cut off 切断；中断 8. take one's mind off 使某人不再思考；转移某人的注意力 9. fall in love with 爱上；喜欢上 10. peer pressure 同伴压力；同龄人压力 11. be left out 被冷落；被排除在外 12. look back 回顾；回忆 句型 1. A deal is a deal! The promise wasn't kept. 2. A yellow band was attached to her wrist. 3. She was taken home by a policewoman. 4. Too much of your time is spent on your phone. 5. When one door closes, another opens. 语法 一般过去时的被动语态（was/were + 过去分词） 写作 1. 描述与父母的一次分歧经历； 2. 撰写个人失败经历及成长感悟； 3. 介绍他人的成长故事并进行展示 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点 1：A deal is a deal! The promise wasn't kept.（教材 P20） 一言为定！你没有遵守承诺。 ① promise v. & n. 承诺；答应 【固定搭配】make a promise 许下承诺；keep a promise 遵守承诺；break a promise 违背承诺 例：He made a promise to help me with my English.（他承诺帮我学英语。） 例：We should always keep our promises.（我们应该始终遵守承诺。） ② 语法：一般过去时被动语态（was/were + 过去分词），此处强调 “承诺被遵守” 这一被动关系 例：The letter was sent yesterday, but it wasn't received.（信是昨天寄的，但还没收到。） 知识点 2：I'm back...（breathing quickly）I'm out of breath.（教材 P20） 我回来了……（气喘吁吁地）我上气不接下气。 ① out of breath 固定短语，意为 “气喘吁吁；上气不接下气” 例：After running for 10 minutes, she was out of breath.（跑了 10 分钟后，她气喘吁吁。） ② breathing quickly 现在分词短语作伴随状语，表动作发生时的状态 例：He stood there, looking at the picture silently.（他站在那里，静静地看着那幅画。） 知识点 3：I checked and saw that a yellow band was attached to her wrist.（教材 P21） 我检查了一下，发现她的手腕上系着一个黄色的手环。 ① attach v. 附着；粘贴 【固定搭配】attach...to... 把…… 附着在…… 上 例：She attached a photo to the letter.（她在信上附了一张照片。） ② 语法：一般过去时被动语态，此处描述 “手环被系在手腕上” 的状态 例：The notice was attached to the door.（通知贴在门上。） 知识点 4：I was so worried that I was cross with you.（教材 P21） 我太担心了，所以对你发脾气了。 ① be cross with sb. 固定短语，意为 “对某人心烦；对某人发脾气” 【同义表达】be angry with sb. 例：My mother was cross with me because I came home late.（妈妈因为我回家晚而对我发脾气。） ② so...that... 句型，意为 “如此…… 以至于……”，引导结果状语从句 例：He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（他太累了，马上就睡着了。） 知识点 5：I waited with her until she was taken home by a policewoman.（教材 P21） 我一直陪着她，直到一位女警察把她送回家。 ① until 连词，意为 “直到…… 为止”，引导时间状语从句 例：He stayed in the office until he finished all the work.（他一直待在办公室，直到完成所有工作。） ② 语法：until 引导的时间状语从句中，主句用延续性动词（如 wait, stay, work 等），从句用短暂性动词（如 take, finish, leave 等） 例：I will wait for you until you come back.（我会等你，直到你回来。） 知识点 6：It helps me stay in touch with my friends after school.（教材 P23） 它能帮助我放学后和朋友们保持联系。 ① stay in touch with 固定短语，意为 “与…… 保持联系” 【同义表达】keep in touch with；反义短语：lose touch with 与…… 失去联系 例：We have stayed in touch with each other since we graduated.（我们毕业后一直保持着联系。） ② help sb. (to) do sth. 固定用法，意为 “帮助某人做某事”，to 可省略 例：She helped me (to) finish my homework.（她帮我完成了作业。） 知识点 7：But now I'm cut off from them!（教材 P23） 但现在我和他们失去了联系！ ① cut off 固定短语，意为 “切断；中断”，此处引申为 “与…… 失去联系” 例：The phone call was cut off suddenly.（电话突然中断了。） 例：He was cut off from his family during the trip.（他在旅行期间与家人失去了联系。） ② 被动语态：be cut off 表示 “被切断；被中断” 例：The electricity was cut off because of the storm.（因为暴风雨，电力被切断了。） 知识点 8：Too much of your time is spent on your phone.（教材 P23） 你太多时间都花在手机上了。 ① spend v. 花费（时间、金钱等） 【固定搭配】spend time/money on sth. 花费时间 / 金钱在某物上；spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间 / 金钱做某事 例：She spends two hours on English every day.（她每天花两小时学英语。） 例：He spent a lot of money buying books.（他花了很多钱买书。） ② 语法：此处为一般现在时被动语态，主动形式为 You spend too much of your time on your phone. 被动结构强调 “时间被花费” 例：A lot of time is spent on sports by students.（学生们在运动上花很多时间。） 知识点 9：At times, your attention is drawn away during family meals.（教材 P23） 有时候，家庭聚餐时你的注意力会被分散。 ① draw away 固定短语，意为 “转移；拉开”，此处为被动形式 be drawn away，意为 “被转移” 例：Her attention was drawn away by the beautiful music.（她的注意力被优美的音乐转移了。） ② at times 固定短语，意为 “有时候；偶尔”，同义表达：sometimes, from time to time 例：At times, I like to go for a walk alone.（有时候，我喜欢一个人散步。） 知识点 10：Many teens have experienced peer pressure.（教材 P25） 许多青少年都经历过同伴压力。 ① peer pressure 固定短语，意为 “同伴压力；同龄人压力” 例：Peer pressure can make some students try smoking.（同伴压力可能会让一些学生尝试吸烟。） ② experience v. 经历；体验；n. 经历；经验 例：She has experienced a lot of difficulties in her life.（她一生中经历了很多困难。） 例：He has rich teaching experience.（他有丰富的教学经验。） 知识点 11：They sometimes do a thing just because they don't want to be left out.（教材 P25） 他们有时会做某件事，只是因为不想被冷落。 ① be left out 固定短语，意为 “被冷落；被排除在外” 例：Nobody wants to be left out in group activities.（没有人想在集体活动中被冷落。） ② 语法：一般现在时被动语态，left 是 leave 的过去分词 例：He felt sad because he was left out of the team.（他因为没被选入团队而感到难过。） 知识点 12：Peer pressure can make you feel bad for being different from your friends.（教材 P25） 同伴压力会让你因为和朋友不一样而感到难过。 ① make sb. feel + 形容词 固定用法，意为 “让某人感到……”，feel 为感官动词，后接形容词作表语 例：The bad news made her feel sad.（这个坏消息让她感到难过。） ② be different from 固定短语，意为 “与…… 不同” 例：My hobby is different from my sister's.（我的爱好和我姐姐的不一样。） ③ for 介词，此处表示 “因为”，后接名词、代词或动名词 例：He apologized for being late.（他因为迟到而道歉。） 知识点 13：I was so disappointed at being too short and failing to get on the basketball team.（教材 P28） 我因为个子太矮没能进入篮球队而感到非常失望。 ① disappointed adj. 失望的 【固定搭配】be disappointed at/in/with sth. 对某事失望；be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事感到失望 例：She was disappointed with the exam result.（她对考试结果感到失望。） 例：I was disappointed to miss the concert.（我没能去看成音乐会，感到很失望。） ② fail to do sth. 固定用法，意为 “未能做某事；做某事失败” 例：He failed to pass the driving test.（他驾照考试没通过。） 知识点 14：At first, I swam just to take my mind off things.（教材 P29） 起初，我游泳只是为了转移注意力。 ① take one's mind off 固定短语，意为 “使某人不再思考；转移某人的注意力” 例：Listening to music can take my mind off work stress.（听音乐能让我暂时忘记工作压力。） ② at first 固定短语，意为 “起初；一开始”，与 later（后来）相对 例：At first, I didn't like the new teacher, but later I found she was very kind.（一开始我不喜欢那位新老师，但后来我发现她人很好。） 知识点 15：I fell completely in love with the sport.（教材 P29） 我完全爱上了这项运动。 ① fall in love with 固定短语，意为 “爱上；喜欢上” 例：She fell in love with painting when she was a child.（她小时候就爱上了画画。） ② completely adv. 完全地；彻底地，修饰动词 fell 例：The work was completely finished on time.（工作按时完全完成了。） 知识点 16：When one door closes, another opens.（教材 P29） 一扇门关上，另一扇门就会打开。 ① 谚语含义：人生中遇到挫折时，总会有新的机会出现。 例：Don't be sad about failing the exam. Remember, when one door closes, another opens.（别为考试不及格而难过。记住，一扇门关上，另一扇门就会打开。） ② 省略句结构，完整形式为 When one door closes, another door opens. 避免重复省略了第二个 door 例：When you finish this task, (another) one will come.（你完成这项任务后，另一项就会来。） 知识点 17：It's great to look back and see my pains and gains with fresh eyes.（教材 P29） 用全新的视角回顾我的烦恼与收获，感觉很棒。 ① look back 固定短语，意为 “回顾；回忆”，常与介词 on/at 连用 例：When I look back on my childhood, I feel very happy.（当我回顾童年时，我感到非常幸福。） ② with fresh eyes 固定搭配，意为 “用全新的视角；以新的眼光” 例：We should look at the problem with fresh eyes.（我们应该用全新的视角看待这个问题。） 知识点 18：Failure may fall upon us at any stage in our lives.（教材 P29） 在我们人生的任何阶段，都可能遭遇失败。 ① fall upon 固定短语，意为 “降临；遭遇”，此处指 “遭遇（不好的事情）” 例：Bad luck fell upon him last month—he lost his job and his bike was stolen.（上个月他运气很差，丢了工作，自行车也被偷了。） ② stage n. 阶段；时期 例：Childhood is an important stage in a person's life.（童年是一个人人生中重要的阶段。） 单元语法：一般过去时的被动语态 1. 句型结构 1) 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者) 2) 否定句：主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者) 3) 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者)? 4) 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者)? 例句： 1) 肯定：The old woman was taken home by a policewoman.（那位老太太被一位女警察送回了家。） 2) 否定：The promise wasn't kept by him.（他没有遵守承诺。） 3) 一般疑问：Was the letter sent yesterday?（信是昨天寄的吗？） 4) 特殊疑问：Who was the old man helped by?（那位老人是被谁帮助的？） 2. 核心用法 1) 强调动作的承受者，而非执行者 2) 不知道动作的执行者或执行者不重要时使用 3) 描述过去发生的被动动作或状态 例句：The bridge was built in 2000.（这座桥建于 2000 年。）（强调桥被建造，无需提及建造者） 3. 主动语态变一般过去时被动语态的步骤 1) 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语 2) 把主动语态的谓语动词变成 “was/were + 过去分词” 形式 3) 把主动语态的主语变成 by 的宾语（可省略） 例句：主动：They held a meeting yesterday. → 被动：A meeting was held (by them) yesterday. 4. 易错点提醒 1) 不规则动词的过去分词需要特殊记忆（如：take - taken；do - done；see - seen） 2) 主语为单数时用 was，复数时用 were 3) 不及物动词（如：happen, come, go 等）无被动语态 单元写作：描述成长相关经历与感悟 写作主题：本单元围绕 “成长的烦恼与收获” 展开，要求学生运用所学词汇、语法及句式，描述与父母的分歧、个人的失败经历或他人的成长故事，表达对成长的理解与感悟。主要写作维度有：1）成长中的具体事件（起因、经过、结果）；2）事件带来的烦恼与收获；3）从中获得的启示与成长。 中考命题角度：描述与家人的一次矛盾及解决过程；分享个人失败经历与成长感悟；介绍一位榜样人物的成长故事；阐述对 “成长” 含义的理解等。 写作框架: 高分词汇与句型: 1. 词汇：challenge, courage, confidence, responsibility, failure, gain, understand, forgive, overcome 2. 句型： 1) It was a difficult time for me, but I never gave up. 2) Although I failed at first, I gained valuable experience. 3) Growing up is not always easy, but it brings us many precious lessons. 4) When one door closes, another opens. We should always look for new opportunities. （时间：30 分钟，满分：50 分） 一、单词拼写（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 1. We should keep our ______ (承诺) and never break them. 2. The old man looked ______ (苍白的) because he was ill. 3. She has a lot of ______ (信心) in herself and she never gives up easily. 4. It takes ______ (勇气) to face difficulties in life. 5. Don't be afraid of ______ (失败); it can make you grow stronger. 6. Many teens feel stressed because of ______ (同伴) pressure. 7. He ______ (附着) a note to the present before giving it to her. 8. My mother was ______ (生气的) with me because I forgot her birthday. 9. After running fast, he was ______ (气喘吁吁的) and couldn't speak. 10. I was ______ (失望的) when I didn't get into the school team. 【答案】 1. promises 2. pale 3. confidence 4. courage 5. failure 6. peer 7. attached 8. cross/angry 9. out of breath 10. disappointed 【解析】 1. 句意：我们应该遵守承诺，永远不要违背它们。根据汉语提示及复数代词 them 可知，此处填 promise 的复数形式 promises。 2. 句意：那位老人因为生病而看起来苍白。根据汉语提示及词性可知，填形容词 pale。 3. 句意：她对自己很有信心，从不轻易放弃。根据汉语提示及词性可知，填名词 confidence（不可数名词）。 4. 句意：面对生活中的困难需要勇气。根据汉语提示及词性可知，填名词 courage（不可数名词）。 5. 句意：不要害怕失败，它能让你变得更强大。根据汉语提示及词性可知，填名词 failure（不可数名词）。 6. 句意：许多青少年因为同伴压力而感到有压力。根据汉语提示及固定短语 peer pressure 可知，填 peer。 7. 句意：他在把礼物送给她之前，在上面附了一张便条。根据语境可知用一般过去时，attach 的过去式为 attached。 8. 句意：我妈妈因为我忘记了她的生日而对我生气。根据汉语提示及固定短语 be cross/angry with sb. 可知，填 cross 或 angry。 9. 句意：快跑之后，他气喘吁吁，说不出话来。根据汉语提示及固定短语 out of breath 可知，填 out of breath。 10. 句意：当我没能进入校队时，我感到很失望。根据汉语提示及固定短语 be disappointed 可知，填 disappointed。 二、单项选择（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 1. The old woman ______ to her home by a kind student yesterday. A. takes B. took C. was taken D. is taken 2. He ______ his promise, so his friends were very angry with him. A. didn't keep B. wasn't kept C. hasn't kept D. isn't kept 3. — Why were you ______ your brother? — Because he broke my favorite cup. A. cross with B. strict with C. pleased with D. popular with 4. She ______ in love with swimming when she was 8 years old. A. falls B. fell C. is falling D. will fall 5. The notice ______ to the wall, so everyone can see it clearly. A. attaches B. attached C. is attached D. was attached 6. Don't worry. You won't be ______ in the group activity. A. left out B. cut off C. taken off D. put off 7. He was ______ tired ______ he fell asleep on the desk. A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D. enough; to 8. Many students use phones ______ in touch with their parents. A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed 9. The letter ______ by my father yesterday morning. A. wrote B. was written C. is written D. writes 10. From the failure, I learned that ______ is not terrible as long as we don't give up. A. success B. confidence C. failure D. courage 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. C 【解析】 1. 句意：昨天一位善良的学生把那位老太太送回了家。主语 the old woman 与 take 是被动关系，且根据 yesterday 可知用一般过去时被动语态。故选 C。 2. 句意：他没有遵守承诺，所以他的朋友们对他很生气。主语 he 与 keep 是主动关系，“遵守承诺” 是主动动作，根据后半句时态可知用一般过去时否定形式。故选 A。 3. 句意：—— 你为什么对你弟弟发脾气？—— 因为他打碎了我最喜欢的杯子。be cross with sb. 意为 “对某人生气”，符合语境；be strict with 意为 “对某人严格”；be pleased with 意为 “对某人满意”；be popular with 意为 “受某人欢迎”。故选 A。 4. 句意：她 8 岁时就爱上了游泳。根据 when she was 8 years old 可知用一般过去时，fall 的过去式为 fell。故选 B。 5. 句意：通知被贴在了墙上，所以每个人都能清楚地看到。主语 the notice 与 attach 是被动关系，且描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时被动语态。故选 D。 6. 句意：别担心，你不会在集体活动中被冷落的。be left out 意为 “被冷落”，符合语境；cut off 意为 “切断”；take off 意为 “起飞；脱下”；put off 意为 “推迟”。故选 A。 7. 句意：他太累了，以至于趴在桌子上睡着了。so...that... 意为 “如此…… 以至于……”，so 后接形容词或副词；too...to... 意为 “太…… 而不能……”，to 后接动词原形；such...that... 意为 “如此…… 以至于……”，such 后接名词短语；enough...to... 意为 “足够…… 去做……”。tired 是形容词，故选 B。 8. 句意：许多学生用手机与父母保持联系。use sth. to do sth. 意为 “用某物做某事”，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故选 B。 9. 句意：这封信是我爸爸昨天早上写的。主语 the letter 与 write 是被动关系，且根据 yesterday morning 可知用一般过去时被动语态。故选 B。 10. 句意：从这次失败中，我明白了只要我们不放弃，失败并不可怕。根据语境可知，此处指 “失败”，success 意为 “成功”；confidence 意为 “信心”；failure 意为 “失败”；courage 意为 “勇气”。故选 C。 三、完成句子（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 1. 他因为帮助那位迷路的老人而被表扬了。(be praised for) He ______ ______ ______ helping the lost old man. 2. 这些规则必须被严格遵守。(be followed strictly) These rules ______ ______ ______ strictly. 3. 她的自行车昨天被偷了，所以她不得不步行上学。(be stolen) Her bike ______ ______ yesterday, so she had to walk to school. 4. 我妈妈让我不要熬夜，但我没有遵守承诺。(keep one's promise) My mother told me not to stay up late, but I ______ ______ ______. 5. 通过这次经历，我明白了成长意味着承担责任。(mean doing sth.) From this experience, I learned that growing up ______ ______ responsibility. 【答案】 1. was praised for 2. must be followed 3. was stolen 4. didn't keep my promise 5. means taking 【解析】 1. 考查一般过去时被动语态和固定短语。“被表扬” 译为 be praised，根据语境可知用一般过去时，主语 he 为单数，be 动词用 was；“因为…… 而被表扬” 用 be praised for doing sth.。 2. 考查情态动词的被动语态。“必须被遵守” 译为 must be followed，情态动词后接 be + 过去分词。 3. 考查一般过去时被动语态。“被偷” 译为 be stolen，根据 yesterday 可知用一般过去时，主语 her bike 为单数，be 动词用 was。 4. 考查一般过去时和固定短语。“没有遵守承诺” 译为 didn't keep my promise，根据前半句时态可知用一般过去时否定形式。 5. 考查 mean 的用法和动名词。mean doing sth. 意为 “意味着做某事”，主语 growing up 为单数，谓语动词用 means；“承担责任” 译为 take responsibility，此处用动名词形式 taking。 四、阅读理解（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） Growing up is a journey full of pains and gains. Everyone will face different challenges in their growth. For example, disagreements with parents, failure in exams, or peer pressure. These experiences may make us feel sad or stressed, but they also help us grow. A boy named Tom once had a big argument with his mother. He promised to be home before 9 pm, but he came back at 10:30 pm. His mother was very angry. Later, Tom explained that he helped an old woman who was lost find her way home. His mother felt sorry for being cross with him and was proud of his kindness. From this experience, Tom learned to communicate with his mother in time, and his mother learned to listen to Tom's story patiently. Another example is Lily. She dreamed of being a dancer, but she failed the dance audition ( audition ) because of her poor health. She was very disappointed. Her best friend encouraged her to try painting. At first, Lily just painted to take her mind off the failure. But soon she fell in love with painting and won many prizes. Lily realized that failure is not the end; it's a chance to try something new. In fact, growing up is not about avoiding difficulties. It's about facing them bravely, learning from them, and becoming a better person. Every pain in growth will become a precious gain in the future. 1. Why did Tom come back late? A. He forgot the time. B. He helped a lost old woman. C. He played with his friends. D. He had a dance audition. 2. How did Lily feel after failing the dance audition? A. Proud B. Happy C. Disappointed D. Angry 3. What did Lily learn from her failure? A. She should give up her dream. B. Failure is a chance to try something new. C. She is not good at any activity. D. Her friend's advice is not useful. 4. What does the writer think about growing up? A. It's easy and enjoyable. B. It's about avoiding all challenges. C. It's about facing difficulties and learning from them. D. It's only full of sad experiences. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Growing up is full of pains and gains. B. We should avoid difficulties in growth. C. Disagreements with parents are common. D. Failure is terrible for everyone. 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5.A 【解析】 1. 细节理解题。根据 “Tom explained that he helped an old woman who was lost find her way home” 可知，Tom 晚归是因为帮助了一位迷路的老太太。故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据 “she failed the dance audition because of her poor health. She was very disappointed” 可知，Lily 舞蹈试镜失败后感到很失望。故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据 “Lily realized that failure is not the end; it's a chance to try something new” 可知，Lily 从失败中明白，失败是尝试新事物的机会。故选 B。 4. 细节理解题。根据 “growing up is not about avoiding difficulties. It's about facing them bravely, learning from them, and becoming a better person” 可知，作者认为成长是勇敢面对困难、从中学习并成为更好的人的过程。故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题。文章开篇点明 “成长是一段充满烦恼与收获的旅程”，随后通过两个具体例子展开，最后总结成长的意义。故选 A。 五、语法填空（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） Growing up is not always easy. We may face many challenges and failures. Last year, I 1. ______ (have) a disagreement with my parents. I wanted to join the art club, but they didn't agree. They thought I should spend more time on my studies. I was very sad and even 2. ______ (argue) with them. One day, my art teacher talked to me. She said my parents 3. ______ (care) about me and I should communicate with them. Then I decided to have a heart-to-heart talk with my parents. I told them I really loved art and it wouldn't affect my studies. To my surprise, my parents 4. ______ (understand) me finally. They allowed me to join the club. Last month, our school held an art competition. My painting 5. ______ (choose) to take part in it. I 6. ______ (prepare) for it carefully. In the end, I won the first prize. When I told my parents the good news, they 7. ______ (be) very proud of me. From this experience, I 8. ______ (learn) that communication is important in family relationships. When we have disagreements, we shouldn't get angry easily. We should listen to each other's ideas. Also, I 9. ______ (realize) that failure is not terrible. If we keep trying, we 10. ______ (achieve) our dreams. 【答案】 1. had 2. argued 3. cared 4. understood 5. was chosen 6. prepared 7. were 8. learned 9. realized 10. will achieve 【解析】 1. 句意：去年，我和父母发生了一次分歧。根据 last year 可知用一般过去时，have 的过去式为 had。 2. 句意：我非常难过，甚至和他们吵了一架。根据语境可知用一般过去时，argue 的过去式为 argued。 3. 句意：她说我父母关心我，我应该和他们沟通。宾语从句中主句为一般过去时，从句也用相应的过去时态，care 的过去式为 cared。 4. 句意：令我惊讶的是，我父母最终理解了我。根据语境可知用一般过去时，understand 的过去式为 understood。 5. 句意：我的画被选中参加比赛。主语 my painting 与 choose 是被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时被动语态，主语为单数，故填 was chosen。 6. 句意：我认真地为它做了准备。根据语境可知用一般过去时，prepare 的过去式为 prepared。 7. 句意：当我告诉父母这个好消息时，他们为我感到非常骄傲。主语 they 为复数，且描述过去的状态，用一般过去时，be 动词用 were。 8. 句意：从这次经历中，我明白了沟通在家庭关系中很重要。根据语境可知用一般过去时，learn 的过去式为 learned。 9. 句意：此外，我意识到失败并不可怕。根据语境可知用一般过去时，realize 的过去式为 realized。 10. 句意：如果我们坚持尝试，我们将会实现我们的梦想。if 引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，故填 will achieve。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 15 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $