Unit 5 Be Green 宾语补足语，感叹句和定语从句（单元核心语法精练）英语新教材北师大版八年级下册

Unit 5 Be Green 核心语法精练（ 宾语补足语，感叹句和定语从句） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单项选择 4 二、完成句子 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 9 题型一 语法填空 9 题型二 阅读理解 11 感叹句讲解 概述 用来表达喜悦、愤怒、悲哀、惊奇等不同的感情色彩。一般用 what 或how 引导。 句式 What 引导 what 引导的感叹句中心词为名词 1. What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数（+ 主语 + 谓语）！ What a cute dog (it is)! What an interesting story (it is)! 2. What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数（+ 主语 + 谓语）！ What beautiful flowers (they are)! 3. What + 形容词 + 不可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）！ What fine weather (it is)! How 引导 how 引导的感叹句中心词为形容词或副词 1. How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！ How delicious the food is! How fast he runs! 2. How + 主语 + 谓语！ How time flies! 宾语补足语 补足语是用来补充说明句子中主语或宾语的意义、状态、特征或动作的成分，能让句子意思更完整。根据补充对象的不同，可分为主语补足语和宾语补足语两类，是中考英语语法的核心考点之一。 一、 宾语补足语（中考高频考点） 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的动作、状态或特征，位于宾语之后。常见结构为：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。 能接宾语补足语的动词可分为以下几类： 1. 使役动词：make, let, have（后接动词原形作宾补） 例句：The teacher made him stand outside the classroom.（stand补充说明宾语him的动作：站在教室外） 注意：变为被动语态时，需补回to，此时stand就成了主语补足语：He was made to stand outside the classroom. 2. 感官动词：see, hear, watch, notice, feel（后可接动词原形或动名词作宾补） 接动词原形：表动作全过程 → I saw her cross the road.（cross补充说明宾语her的动作：穿过马路，强调动作完成） 接动名词：表动作正在进行 → I saw her crossing the road.（crossing补充说明动作正在发生） 3. 表“使/让/保持”的动词：keep, leave, get（后接形容词、副词或介词短语作宾补） 例句：Please keep the door open.（open补充说明宾语door的状态：开着的） 例句：She left the light on all night.（on补充说明宾语light的状态：亮着的） 4. 表“命令/请求/希望”的动词：ask, tell, want, wish（后接带to的不定式作宾补） 例句：My mother told me to clean the room.（to clean补充说明宾语me的动作：打扫房间） 5. 表“认为/命名”的动词：think, consider, name, call（后接名词或形容词作宾补） 例句：We named the baby Lily.（Lily补充说明宾语the baby的名字） 例句：I consider him honest.（honest补充说明宾语him的品质：诚实的） 二、 中考易错点辨析 1. 区分宾语补足语与双宾语 双宾语：动词后接两个宾语，一个是人（间接宾语），一个是物（直接宾语），两个宾语之间无逻辑主谓关系。 例句：She gave me a book.（me和a book无主谓关系，可改为She gave a book to me.） 宾语补足语：宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，即“宾语+补足语”可构成完整句子。 例句：We made him monitor.（him和monitor有逻辑主谓关系：He is monitor.） 2. 使役/感官动词后宾补的to的省略与还原 主动语态中，make/let/have和感官动词后接动词原形，省略to； 被动语态中，必须补回to。 ✘ 错误：He was made work hard. ✔ 正确：He was made to work hard. 定语从句 定语从句基本概念与结构 项目 核心内容 示例 定义 修饰名词或代词（即先行词）的从句，相当于形容词的作用，常翻译为 “…… 的” This is the book that I bought yesterday.（这是我昨天买的那本书。） 三大要素 1. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词 / 代词 2. 关系词：连接主句和从句的词（分为关系代词、关系副词） 3. 定语从句：修饰先行词的句子部分 句中： - 先行词：the book - 关系词：that - 定语从句：I bought yesterday 位置规律 通常紧跟在先行词之后，避免歧义 错误：I saw a girl in the park who wears a red dress. 正确：I saw a girl who wears a red dress in the park. 关系代词的用法（重点） 关系代词 指代对象 在句中成分 可省略情况 示例 who 人（主格） 主语 不可省略 The boy who is talking is my brother.（正在说话的男孩是我弟弟。） whom 人（宾格） 宾语 可省略（口语中常用 who 代替） The teacher whom you met yesterday is very kind.（你昨天见到的那位老师很和蔼。） which 物 / 事 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略 1. The pen which is on the desk is mine.（桌子上的那支笔是我的。） 2. This is the song which I like best.（这是我最喜欢的歌。） that 人 / 物 / 事 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略 1. The man that helped me is a doctor.（帮我的那个人是医生。） 2. The story that she told is interesting.（她讲的故事很有趣。） whose 人 / 物（所有格） 定语（后接名词） 不可省略 1. This is the student whose bag was lost.（这是那个丢了书包的学生。） 2. I live in a house whose windows face south.（我住在一栋窗户朝南的房子里。） 一、单项选择 1．—It’s cold here. Please keep the windows ________. —OK. A．closing B．close C．closed 2．When Tom was young, he didn’t like his lessons. His teacher thought ________. In fact, he read a lot of books with the help of his parents. A．he a bad boy B．him a bad boy C．him was a bad 3．Lucy tried to make Alice ________ her mind but failed. A．change B．to change C．changing D．changed 4．When I passed the classroom, I saw some students ________ English songs together. A．sing B．singing C．sang D．to sing 5．The teacher told us ________ quiet in the library. We must follow the rule. A．be B．to be C．being 6．When I went into the room, I found him ________ in bed. A．lying B．lie C．lays D．laying 7．The volunteer helps the elderly woman ________ her daily chores. A．did B．do C．doing 8．The worker helps the old man ________ a picture on the wall. A．put on B．put up C．puts up D．puts on 9．—Did you see Shenzhou-21 fly into space? —Sure! ______ exciting event it was! A．What B．What an C．How D．How an 10．________ beautiful the flower is! A．How B．What C．What a 11．________ useful advice you offered us! It helped us a lot. A．How B．What a C．What an D．What 12．Li Ming’s family is decorating the room. ________ busy they are! A．How B．What C．What a 13．“My Dream and the World”, ________ wonderful topic it is! A．What B．What a C．How 14．—________ creative boy Mark is! —Yes. He can always think of wonderful ideas. A．What B．How C．How a D．What a 15．Scientists are studying plants ______ can grow in dry places. A．who B．whose C．which D．where 16．I will remember the important people ________ are always there when I need them. A．what B．who C．which 17．I think the third experiment ________ we did yesterday was fantastic. A．that B．who C．which D．whose 18．The shop ________ sells some clothes at a low price is at the end of the street. A．which B．where C．when D．who 19．—What kind of music do you like? —I like music ________ I can dance to. A．who B．that C．where D．when 20．Mother is the person ________ always loves and supports me in my life. A．whom B．which C．who D．what 二、完成句子 21．昨天给我们做环保讲座的那位专家是我爸爸的朋友。 The expert us an environmental lecture yesterday is my father’s friend. 22．中国是一个有着约五千年历史的伟大国家。 China is a great country about 5,000 years of history. 23．当我累的时候，我喜欢能让我振奋起来的音乐。 When I am tired, I like music can me up. 24．她最终在图书馆看到了她寻找的那本书。 She saw the book in the library at last. 25．正在公园里跳舞的那位女士是我姑姑。 The woman dancing in the park is my aunt. 26．It’s fun to watch a soccer game. (改为感叹句) it is to watch a soccer game! 27．She swims very fast. (改为感叹句) she swims! 28．The film is very exciting. (改为感叹句) exciting film it is! 29．拥有这样一位负责的老师，我们多么幸运啊！ we are to have such a responsible teacher! 30．司马光真是一个聪明的男孩！ boy Sima Guang was! 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据上下文和括号内提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内词语的正确形式。 In many Canadian schools, students hope to join 1 environmental club to learn how 2 (reduce) pollution. These clubs have practical activities. For example, they encourage everyone to bring lunches in 3 (reuse) bags and dishes. This helps people 4 (produce) less garbage—many students now call this “No-garbage Lunches”. Another popular activity is World Car-Free Day. On this day, no students go to school by car. Instead of driving, they walk, bike or skip—it’s not only good for the air 5 also full of fun! Water saving is another key part. Students often check washrooms for 6 (leak) toilets or sinks. When they find problems, they ask the school 7 (fix) them quickly. They also 8 (remind) their classmates to turn off taps after use. At the end of each term, club members vote for the best environmental 9 (slogan) to encourage more classmates. Last month, our club even held 10 small meeting to share these ideas. Earth Day comes every April 22. It’s a day to do something good for the planet. Here are two young people who have taken action for Mother Earth. They’re 1 (hero) for the planet. Fighting Wildfire When Reshma Kosaraju was 12, her family moved from Chicago to Northern California. Soon after, the Camp Fire started. “It was one of the 2 (large) fires in California history,” Reshma recalls. Her school was about 200 miles south of the fire. But students had to wear masks because of the smoke. “It was 3 terrible experience for me,” she says. It made her want to find a solution. She created a way 4 (use) artificial intelligence (AI) to predict (预测) forest fires. Her method is nearly 90% correct. “I realized that 5 I could succeed, the results would make a big difference.” Recycling Power Sri Nihal Tammana learned a scary fact on his 6 (ten) birthday. Every year, people throw out 15 billion batteries (电池). They pollute groundwater and harm the environment. Nihal’s organization, Recycle My Battery, provides recycling bins 7 batteries. This organization has a team of 250 student volunteers around the world. In the past three years, they have 8 (help) to recycle more than 260,000 batteries. Nihal has won many 9 (environment) awards. “My biggest goal is to bring the 15 billion batteries which are 10 (throw) away each year worldwide to zero,” he says. 题型二 阅读理解 Mangroves (红树林) are very special forests. They grow along the coastlines (海岸线). They look like tall green walls rising from the sea. Although they might seem like just trees, they do many important jobs for nature. First, mangroves play a very important role. They protect coasts from strong winds and big floods, keeping homes and beaches safe. Their roots (根) are like little cities for small animals. Small fish swim around them and birds build their homes there. What’s more, these trees are great cleaners. They take out the bad things in the seawater, making the sea cleaner and healthier. In a word, mangroves are not only beautiful but also very useful. We should protect them well. But now, mangrove forests are in great danger. People cut them down to build houses or start farms. Human activities create lots of rubbish and wastewater. This is also harmful to them. Many mangrove forests are getting smaller and many small animals in the sea are losing their homes. It’s time for us to take action. The good news is that more and more people are waking up to their importance. Volunteers (志愿者) plant new mangrove trees, and scientists study how to protect them better. We can help, too. For example, we should stop putting rubbish into the sea and take part in activities to protect mangroves. After all, saving mangroves means keeping nature healthy and it’s good for all living things. 1．What do paragraphs 1 and 2 mainly talk about? A．The green tall walls along the sea. B．The bad things in the seawater. C．The role of mangroves for nature. D．The homes of small fish and birds. 2．Why are mangroves in danger? A．Because there is too much rain. B．Because people cut them down. C．Because there are too many animals. D．Because the seawater is becoming too clean. 3．What does the underlined word “harmful” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Bad. B．Clean. C．Direct. D．Important. 4．What do volunteers do to help mangroves from the text? A．They study how mangroves grow. B．They plant new mangrove trees. C．They stop people from cutting trees. D．They study the ways to protect trees. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Importance of planting trees B．Activities for protecting nature C．Forests growing along the sea D．Danger caused by people’s activities In recent years, more and more people in Daqing choose to go out by shared bikes. Shared bikes are a new kind of transportation (交通工具) that is easy and convenient to use. They have become an important part of people’s daily life in Daqing. Shared bikes are very popular because they bring many advantages to people. First, they are cheap. You only need to pay 1 yuan for 30 minutes. It’s much cheaper than taking a taxi or a bus. Second, they are convenient. You can find shared bikes almost everywhere in the city, such as near bus stops, schools, and communities. You can ride them to any place you want to go, and park them in the designated (指定的) areas easily. Third, riding shared bikes is good for the environment. It doesn’t produce any pollution, which helps to make Daqing a greener and cleaner city. What’s more, riding shared bikes is also a good way to exercise. It can help people keep healthy and strong. However, there are also some problems with shared bikes. Some people don’t park the bikes in the right places. They leave the bikes on the road, in the grass, or even in the staircases (楼梯间), which brings trouble to people’s life and affects (影响) the city’s beauty. Some people even damage (损坏) the bikes, such as breaking the locks or tearing down the QR codes (二维码). In my opinion, shared bikes are really helpful for us, but we should use them properly. We should park the bikes in the designated areas and protect them well. Only in this way can shared bikes better serve people and make our life in Daqing more convenient and beautiful. 1．Why are shared bikes popular in Daqing? A．Because they are expensive but convenient. B．Because they are cheap, convenient and good for the environment. C．Because they are difficult to use but cheap. D．Because they are only used by students. 2．How much do you need to pay if you ride a shared bike for 1 hour? A．1 yuan. B．2 yuan. C．3 yuan. D．4 yuan. 3．Which of the following is NOT an advantage of shared bikes? A．They are cheap. B．They are convenient. C．They produce much pollution. D．They help people keep healthy. 4．What problem do shared bikes have? A．People can’t find them easily. B．They are too expensive for most people. C．Some people park them randomly (随意地) and damage them. D．They are not safe to ride. 5．What’s the writer’s advice on using shared bikes? A．We should buy our own bikes instead of using shared bikes. B．We should use shared bikes as much as possible. C．We should park shared bikes properly and protect them. D．We should ask the government to stop using shared bikes. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Be Green 核心语法精练（ 宾语补足语，感叹句和定语从句） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单项选择 4 二、完成句子 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 9 题型一 语法填空 9 题型二 阅读理解 11 感叹句讲解 概述 用来表达喜悦、愤怒、悲哀、惊奇等不同的感情色彩。一般用 what 或how 引导。 句式 What 引导 what 引导的感叹句中心词为名词 1. What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数（+ 主语 + 谓语）！ What a cute dog (it is)! What an interesting story (it is)! 2. What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数（+ 主语 + 谓语）！ What beautiful flowers (they are)! 3. What + 形容词 + 不可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）！ What fine weather (it is)! How 引导 how 引导的感叹句中心词为形容词或副词 1. How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！ How delicious the food is! How fast he runs! 2. How + 主语 + 谓语！ How time flies! 宾语补足语 补足语是用来补充说明句子中主语或宾语的意义、状态、特征或动作的成分，能让句子意思更完整。根据补充对象的不同，可分为主语补足语和宾语补足语两类，是中考英语语法的核心考点之一。 一、 宾语补足语（中考高频考点） 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的动作、状态或特征，位于宾语之后。常见结构为：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。 能接宾语补足语的动词可分为以下几类： 1. 使役动词：make, let, have（后接动词原形作宾补） 例句：The teacher made him stand outside the classroom.（stand补充说明宾语him的动作：站在教室外） 注意：变为被动语态时，需补回to，此时stand就成了主语补足语：He was made to stand outside the classroom. 2. 感官动词：see, hear, watch, notice, feel（后可接动词原形或动名词作宾补） 接动词原形：表动作全过程 → I saw her cross the road.（cross补充说明宾语her的动作：穿过马路，强调动作完成） 接动名词：表动作正在进行 → I saw her crossing the road.（crossing补充说明动作正在发生） 3. 表“使/让/保持”的动词：keep, leave, get（后接形容词、副词或介词短语作宾补） 例句：Please keep the door open.（open补充说明宾语door的状态：开着的） 例句：She left the light on all night.（on补充说明宾语light的状态：亮着的） 4. 表“命令/请求/希望”的动词：ask, tell, want, wish（后接带to的不定式作宾补） 例句：My mother told me to clean the room.（to clean补充说明宾语me的动作：打扫房间） 5. 表“认为/命名”的动词：think, consider, name, call（后接名词或形容词作宾补） 例句：We named the baby Lily.（Lily补充说明宾语the baby的名字） 例句：I consider him honest.（honest补充说明宾语him的品质：诚实的） 二、 中考易错点辨析 1. 区分宾语补足语与双宾语 双宾语：动词后接两个宾语，一个是人（间接宾语），一个是物（直接宾语），两个宾语之间无逻辑主谓关系。 例句：She gave me a book.（me和a book无主谓关系，可改为She gave a book to me.） 宾语补足语：宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，即“宾语+补足语”可构成完整句子。 例句：We made him monitor.（him和monitor有逻辑主谓关系：He is monitor.） 2. 使役/感官动词后宾补的to的省略与还原 主动语态中，make/let/have和感官动词后接动词原形，省略to； 被动语态中，必须补回to。 ✘ 错误：He was made work hard. ✔ 正确：He was made to work hard. 定语从句 定语从句基本概念与结构 项目 核心内容 示例 定义 修饰名词或代词（即先行词）的从句，相当于形容词的作用，常翻译为 “…… 的” This is the book that I bought yesterday.（这是我昨天买的那本书。） 三大要素 1. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词 / 代词 2. 关系词：连接主句和从句的词（分为关系代词、关系副词） 3. 定语从句：修饰先行词的句子部分 句中： - 先行词：the book - 关系词：that - 定语从句：I bought yesterday 位置规律 通常紧跟在先行词之后，避免歧义 错误：I saw a girl in the park who wears a red dress. 正确：I saw a girl who wears a red dress in the park. 关系代词的用法（重点） 关系代词 指代对象 在句中成分 可省略情况 示例 who 人（主格） 主语 不可省略 The boy who is talking is my brother.（正在说话的男孩是我弟弟。） whom 人（宾格） 宾语 可省略（口语中常用 who 代替） The teacher whom you met yesterday is very kind.（你昨天见到的那位老师很和蔼。） which 物 / 事 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略 1. The pen which is on the desk is mine.（桌子上的那支笔是我的。） 2. This is the song which I like best.（这是我最喜欢的歌。） that 人 / 物 / 事 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略 1. The man that helped me is a doctor.（帮我的那个人是医生。） 2. The story that she told is interesting.（她讲的故事很有趣。） whose 人 / 物（所有格） 定语（后接名词） 不可省略 1. This is the student whose bag was lost.（这是那个丢了书包的学生。） 2. I live in a house whose windows face south.（我住在一栋窗户朝南的房子里。） 一、单项选择 1．—It’s cold here. Please keep the windows ________. —OK. A．closing B．close C．closed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这里很冷。请把窗户关上。——好的。 考查keep的用法及形容词。closing关闭，现在分词/动名词形式；close作动词时意为“关闭”，作形容词时意为“亲近的、紧密的”；closed为形容词，意为“关闭的”。根据“Please keep the windows ...”可知，此处考查“keep + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的结构，宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语等充当，用来补充说明宾语的状态。本句中需要表示“窗户处于关闭的状态”，应用形容词作宾语补足语。closed符合语境，故选C。 2．When Tom was young, he didn’t like his lessons. His teacher thought ________. In fact, he read a lot of books with the help of his parents. A．he a bad boy B．him a bad boy C．him was a bad 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆小的时候，他不喜欢他的课。他的老师认为他是个坏孩子。事实上，他在父母的帮助下读了很多书。 考查宾格和宾语补足语。根据“His teacher thought”可知，空格处作宾语，用宾格“him”，结合选项可知，此处用think sb. sth.，其中“a bad boy”作宾语补足语。故选B。 3．Lucy tried to make Alice ________ her mind but failed. A．change B．to change C．changing D．changed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：露西试图使爱丽丝改变主意，但失败了。 考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。 4．When I passed the classroom, I saw some students ________ English songs together. A．sing B．singing C．sang D．to sing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我经过教室时，我看到一些学生在一起唱英语歌曲。 考查非谓语动词。sing唱，动词原形；singing正在唱，现在分词；sang唱，过去式；to sing去唱，动词不定式。根据“I saw some students ________ English songs together.”可知，空处作感官动词saw的宾语补足语，可用动词原形表示动作的全过程或习惯性动作，或用现在分词表示动作正在进行；根据时间状语“When I passed…”可知，此处强调动作在那一刻正在进行，应用现在分词singing表示“……我看到一些学生正在一起唱英语歌曲”。故选B。 5．The teacher told us ________ quiet in the library. We must follow the rule. A．be B．to be C．being 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师告诉我们在图书馆里保持安静。我们必须遵守规则。 考查非谓语动词的用法。be是，动词原形；to be成为，动词不定式；being正在，动名词/现在分词。根据“The teacher told us...quiet in the library.”可知，动词tell后接宾语时，需用不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell sb to do sth“告诉某人做某事”。故选B。 6．When I went into the room, I found him ________ in bed. A．lying B．lie C．lays D．laying 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我走进房间时，我发现他躺在床上。 考查现在分词作宾语补足语。lying躺着的；lie躺；lays放置；laying放置。根据“When I went into the room, I found him ... in bed.”可知，此处指他正躺在床上。动词“find”后接宾语 + 宾语补足语时，现在分词表示动作正在进行或状态持续，lie的现在分词为lying。故选A。 7．The volunteer helps the elderly woman ________ her daily chores. A．did B．do C．doing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：志愿者帮助老妇人做日常杂务。 考查非谓语动词。根据help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”可知，此处应用do，不带to的不定式作宾补。故选B。 8．The worker helps the old man ________ a picture on the wall. A．put on B．put up C．puts up D．puts on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：工人帮助老人在墙上贴了一幅画。 考查短语辨析。put up张贴；put on穿上。根据“The worker helps the old man...a picture on the wall.”可知，此处指在墙上贴画，help sb. do“帮助某人做某事”，此处使用动词原形。故选B。 9．—Did you see Shenzhou-21 fly into space? —Sure! ______ exciting event it was! A．What B．What an C．How D．How an 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你看到神舟21号飞入太空了吗？——当然！多么令人兴奋的事件啊！ 考查感叹句。中心词event是可数名词单数，且exciting以元音音素开头，应用What an引导感叹句，结构为：What an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语！故选B。 10．________ beautiful the flower is! A．How B．What C．What a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这花是多么美丽啊！ 考查感叹句。根据句子结构可知，中心词为“beautiful”，符合的感叹句结构为“How+形容词+主谓”。故选A。 11．________ useful advice you offered us! It helped us a lot. A．How B．What a C．What an D．What 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你给我们提供了多么有用的建议啊！它帮了我们很多。 考查感叹句。How引导感叹句，中心词是形容词或副词；What a引导感叹句，中心词是名词单数；What an引导感叹句，中心词是名词单数；What引导感叹句，中心词是不可数名词或名词复数。此处感叹句的中心词是不可数名词advice，用What引导。故选D。 12．Li Ming’s family is decorating the room. ________ busy they are! A．How B．What C．What a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：李明的家人正在装饰房间。他们多忙啊！ 考查感叹句的用法。感叹句中，How用于修饰形容词或副词，What用于修饰名词。本句中心词“busy”为形容词，需用How引导感叹句。故选A。 13．“My Dream and the World”, ________ wonderful topic it is! A．What B．What a C．How 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“我的梦想与世界”，这是一个多么精彩的话题啊！ 考查感叹句。句中中心词是“topic”，为可数名词单数，且“wonderful”是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以要用感叹句结构“What+ a+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！”，故选B。 14．—________ creative boy Mark is! —Yes. He can always think of wonderful ideas. A．What B．How C．How a D．What a 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Mark 是多么有创造力的男孩啊！——是的。他总是能想出很棒的主意。 考查感叹句的用法。根据“... creative boy Mark is!”可知，“creative”为形容词，“boy”为单数可数名词，符合“What a/an+形容词+名词+主语+谓语”的感叹句结构，应用“What a”引导。故选D。 15．Scientists are studying plants ______ can grow in dry places. A．who B．whose C．which D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：科学家们正在研究能在干旱地区生长的植物。 考查定语从句关系代词。先行词plants指物，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。who指人；whose表示所属；where指地点。故选C。 16．I will remember the important people ________ are always there when I need them. A．what B．who C．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我会记住那些在我需要时总是在我身边的重要的人。 考查定语从句关系代词辨析。what什么；who谁；which哪个。根据先行词“the important people”指人可知，应用who引导定语从句，修饰人。故选B。 17．I think the third experiment ________ we did yesterday was fantastic. A．that B．who C．which D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我认为我们昨天做的第三个实验太棒了。 考查关系代词辨析。that先行词是物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who先行词是人，在从句中作主语；which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whose用来指人或物，只用作定语。先行词“experiment”是物，且被序数词“third”修饰，关系代词在从句中作宾语，应用that引导定语从句。故选A。 18．The shop ________ sells some clothes at a low price is at the end of the street. A．which B．where C．when D．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：那个以低价卖一些衣服的商店在街道的尽头。 考查关系代词辨析。which哪个，指代事物；where在哪里，指代地点；when当……时，指代时间；who谁，指代人。根据“The shop ... sells some clothes at a low price”可知，本句是定语从句，此处缺少关系代词，先行词是the shop，指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故选A。 19．—What kind of music do you like? —I like music ________ I can dance to. A．who B．that C．where D．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么类型的音乐？——我喜欢能跟着跳舞的音乐。 考查定语从句引导词。who关系代词，指人；that关系代词，可指人或物；where关系副词，指地点；when关系副词，指时间。此处定语从句“I can dance to”修饰先行词“music”，是物，且引导词在从句中作介词to的宾语，此时可用that引导定语从句。故选B。 20．Mother is the person ________ always loves and supports me in my life. A．whom B．which C．who D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：妈妈是我生命中总是爱和支持我的人。 考查定语从句关系词。whom谁（宾格，指人）；which哪一个（指物）；who谁（主格，指人）；what什么（不能引导定语从句）。此处引导定语从句，先行词是the person，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，此处用who引导定语从句，故选C。 二、完成句子 21．昨天给我们做环保讲座的那位专家是我爸爸的朋友。 The expert us an environmental lecture yesterday is my father’s friend. 【答案】 who/that gave 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处为定语从句，give a lecture“做讲座”，根据“yesterday”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，故此处应用过去式gave；第一空为定语从句引导词，从句缺主语，先行词The expert为人，故应用who或that引导定语从句。故填who/that；gave。 22．中国是一个有着约五千年历史的伟大国家。 China is a great country about 5,000 years of history. 【答案】 that/which has 【详解】根据句意及空处可知，缺少“有着”的表达。结合句子结构，这是一个定语从句，a great country是先行词，指物，因此定语从句的引导词可用that/which，指代单数名词country，描述客观事实用一般现在时，谓语动词“有”要用第三人称单数形式has。故填that/which；has。 23．当我累的时候，我喜欢能让我振奋起来的音乐。 When I am tired, I like music can me up. 【答案】 that/which cheer 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“能让…… 振奋起来”的对应表达。第一空引导定语从句修饰music，先行词是物，关系词用that/which；“振奋起来”对应的短语是“cheer up”，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填that/which；cheer。 24．她最终在图书馆看到了她寻找的那本书。 She saw the book in the library at last. 【答案】 she was looking for 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“她寻找的”。“她寻找的”英文为“she was looking for”，过去进行时表示过去某一阶段一直发生的动作。“the book”为先行词，在定语从句中作宾语，因此可以选用关系代词that或which来引导从句，也可以省略。故填she；was；looking；for。 25．正在公园里跳舞的那位女士是我姑姑。 The woman dancing in the park is my aunt. 【答案】who is/that is 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“正在……的那位”，这里需要用定语从句来修饰“The woman”，先行词“The woman”是人，在定语从句中作主语，所以关系代词用 “who”或“that”，又因为“正在跳舞”是现在进行时，结构为“be+现在分词”，主语是单数，be动词用“is”。故填who is/that is。 26．It’s fun to watch a soccer game. (改为感叹句) it is to watch a soccer game! 【答案】 What fun 【详解】句意：看足球比赛很有趣。原句中“fun”是不可数名词，感叹句结构为“What+不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他”，故将原句改为“What fun it is to watch a soccer game”。故填What；fun。 27．She swims very fast. (改为感叹句) she swims! 【答案】How fast 【详解】句意：她游泳游得非常快。原句中心词是副词fast，修饰动词swims，改为感叹句应用How引导，结构为“How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!”。故填How fast。 28．The film is very exciting. (改为感叹句) exciting film it is! 【答案】 What an 【详解】句意：这部电影非常令人兴奋。感叹句中的中心词是可数名词单数“film”，因此用“What+a/an+形容词+名词+主谓”结构，exciting是元音音素开头的单词，因此用冠词an。故填What；an。 29．拥有这样一位负责的老师，我们多么幸运啊！ we are to have such a responsible teacher! 【答案】 How lucky 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“多么幸运”，根据“...we are...!”可知，此处是感叹句，其结构为：How+形容词+主谓。“多么幸运”对应的感叹句开头是“How lucky”。故填How；lucky。 30．司马光真是一个聪明的男孩！ boy Sima Guang was! 【答案】 What a clever/smart 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“多么聪明的一个”。这是感叹句结构“What a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语”，“聪明的”可译为“clever”或“smart”。故填What；a；clever/smart。 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据上下文和括号内提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内词语的正确形式。 In many Canadian schools, students hope to join 1 environmental club to learn how 2 (reduce) pollution. These clubs have practical activities. For example, they encourage everyone to bring lunches in 3 (reuse) bags and dishes. This helps people 4 (produce) less garbage—many students now call this “No-garbage Lunches”. Another popular activity is World Car-Free Day. On this day, no students go to school by car. Instead of driving, they walk, bike or skip—it’s not only good for the air 5 also full of fun! Water saving is another key part. Students often check washrooms for 6 (leak) toilets or sinks. When they find problems, they ask the school 7 (fix) them quickly. They also 8 (remind) their classmates to turn off taps after use. At the end of each term, club members vote for the best environmental 9 (slogan) to encourage more classmates. Last month, our club even held 10 small meeting to share these ideas. 【答案】 1．an 2．to reduce 3．reusable 4．to produce/produce 5．but 6．leaky 7．to fix 8．remind 9．slogans 10．a 【导语】本文介绍了加拿大许多学校的学生为保护环境所做的一些努力，包括加入环保俱乐部、开展减少污染的实践活动、倡导无车日、节约用水以及评选最佳环保标语等。 1．句意：在许多加拿大学校，学生们希望加入一个环保俱乐部，学习如何减少污染。根据“join...environmental club”可知，此处表示加入一个环保俱乐部，“environmental”以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词“an”表示泛指。故填an。 2．句意：在许多加拿大学校，学生们希望加入一个环保俱乐部，学习如何减少污染。“how to do sth.”是固定结构，表示“如何做某事”，所以这里用“to reduce”。故填to reduce。 3．句意：例如，他们鼓励每个人都用可重复使用的袋子和盘子带午餐。根据“bags and dishes”可知，此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词，“reuse”的形容词形式是“reusable”，表示“可重复使用的”。故填reusable。 4．句意：这有助于人们产生更少的垃圾——许多学生现在称之为“无垃圾午餐”。“help sb. (to) do sth.”是固定结构，表示“帮助某人做某事”，所以这里可以用“produce”的原形或“to produce”。故填to produce/produce。 5．句意：他们不驾车出行，反而选择步行、骑自行车或是蹦跳着前行 —— 这不仅有益空气环境，还充满了乐趣！“not only...but also...”是固定结构，表示“不但……而且……”，所以这里用“but”。故填but。 6．句意：学生们经常检查洗手间是否有漏水的水龙头或水槽。根据“toilets or sinks”可知，此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词，“leak”的形容词形式是“leaky”，表示“漏水的”。故填leaky。 7．句意：当他们发现问题时，他们要求学校迅速修理。“ask sb. to do sth.”是固定结构，表示“要求某人做某事”，所以这里用“to fix”。故填to fix。 8．句意：他们还提醒同学们使用后要关掉水龙头。根据上下文可知，此处描述的是经常性的动作，用一般现在时，主语“They”是复数，所以谓语动词用原形“remind”。故填remind。 9．句意：每学期末，俱乐部成员会投票选出最佳环保标语，以鼓励更多的同学。“slogan”是可数名词，根据语境可知，此处不止一个标语，所以用复数形式“slogans”。故填slogans。 10．句意：上个月，我们俱乐部甚至开了一个小会来分享这些想法。根据“small meeting”可知，此处表示开一个小会，“small”以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词“a”表示泛指。故填a。 Earth Day comes every April 22. It’s a day to do something good for the planet. Here are two young people who have taken action for Mother Earth. They’re 1 (hero) for the planet. Fighting Wildfire When Reshma Kosaraju was 12, her family moved from Chicago to Northern California. Soon after, the Camp Fire started. “It was one of the 2 (large) fires in California history,” Reshma recalls. Her school was about 200 miles south of the fire. But students had to wear masks because of the smoke. “It was 3 terrible experience for me,” she says. It made her want to find a solution. She created a way 4 (use) artificial intelligence (AI) to predict (预测) forest fires. Her method is nearly 90% correct. “I realized that 5 I could succeed, the results would make a big difference.” Recycling Power Sri Nihal Tammana learned a scary fact on his 6 (ten) birthday. Every year, people throw out 15 billion batteries (电池). They pollute groundwater and harm the environment. Nihal’s organization, Recycle My Battery, provides recycling bins 7 batteries. This organization has a team of 250 student volunteers around the world. In the past three years, they have 8 (help) to recycle more than 260,000 batteries. Nihal has won many 9 (environment) awards. “My biggest goal is to bring the 15 billion batteries which are 10 (throw) away each year worldwide to zero,” he says. 【答案】 1．heroes 2．largest 3．a 4．to use 5．if 6．tenth 7．for 8．helped 9．environmental 10．thrown 【导语】本文讲述了两位年轻人为保护地球而采取的积极行动，包括利用AI预测森林火灾、回收电池。 1．句意：他们是这个星球的英雄。根据“They’re”可知，空处需用名词复数作表语。hero“英雄”，名词，其复数形式为heroes。故填heroes。 2．句意：这是加州历史上最大的火灾之一。此处为“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”的固定结构，意为“最……的……之一”。large“大的”，形容词，其最高级为largest。故填largest。 3．句意：这对我来说是一次可怕的经历。根据句意可知，此处泛指“一次可怕的经历”，需用不定冠词表泛指，terrible是辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 4．句意：她创造了一种利用人工智能(AI)来预测森林火灾的方法。a way to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“一种做某事的方法”，空处需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to use。 5．句意：我意识到如果我能成功，结果将会带来巨大的改变。根据“I realized that…I could succeed, the results would make a big difference.”可知，“我能成功”是“结果会有很大的不同”的条件，空处需用if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”。故填if。   6．句意：Sri Nihal Tammana在他十岁生日那天认识到了一个可怕的事实。此处表示“第十个生日”，需用序数词，ten的序数词为tenth。故填tenth。 7．句意：Nihal的组织“回收我的电池”提供电池回收箱。根据句意可知，此处指给电池提供回收箱，provide sth. for sth.为固定搭配，意为“为某物提供某物”。故填for。 8．句意：在过去的三年里，他们已经帮助回收了超过26万块电池。空前的“have”为现在完成时的助动词，其后接动词过去分词，help的过去分词为helped。故填helped。 9．句意：Nihal已经荣获过许多环保奖项。根据空后“awards”可知，空处需用形容词修饰名词，environment的形容词形式为environmental，意为“环境的，有关环境的”。故填environmental。 10．句意：我最大的目标是将全球每年被丢弃的110亿节电池的数量降至零。分析句子结构可知，空处所在从句为which引导的定语从句，which指代先行词“batteries”，先行词“batteries”与throw之间为被动关系，故are后需接动词的过去分词，构成一般现在时的被动语态结构，throw的过去分词为thrown。故填thrown。 题型二 阅读理解 Mangroves (红树林) are very special forests. They grow along the coastlines (海岸线). They look like tall green walls rising from the sea. Although they might seem like just trees, they do many important jobs for nature. First, mangroves play a very important role. They protect coasts from strong winds and big floods, keeping homes and beaches safe. Their roots (根) are like little cities for small animals. Small fish swim around them and birds build their homes there. What’s more, these trees are great cleaners. They take out the bad things in the seawater, making the sea cleaner and healthier. In a word, mangroves are not only beautiful but also very useful. We should protect them well. But now, mangrove forests are in great danger. People cut them down to build houses or start farms. Human activities create lots of rubbish and wastewater. This is also harmful to them. Many mangrove forests are getting smaller and many small animals in the sea are losing their homes. It’s time for us to take action. The good news is that more and more people are waking up to their importance. Volunteers (志愿者) plant new mangrove trees, and scientists study how to protect them better. We can help, too. For example, we should stop putting rubbish into the sea and take part in activities to protect mangroves. After all, saving mangroves means keeping nature healthy and it’s good for all living things. 1．What do paragraphs 1 and 2 mainly talk about? A．The green tall walls along the sea. B．The bad things in the seawater. C．The role of mangroves for nature. D．The homes of small fish and birds. 2．Why are mangroves in danger? A．Because there is too much rain. B．Because people cut them down. C．Because there are too many animals. D．Because the seawater is becoming too clean. 3．What does the underlined word “harmful” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Bad. B．Clean. C．Direct. D．Important. 4．What do volunteers do to help mangroves from the text? A．They study how mangroves grow. B．They plant new mangrove trees. C．They stop people from cutting trees. D．They study the ways to protect trees. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Importance of planting trees B．Activities for protecting nature C．Forests growing along the sea D．Danger caused by people’s activities 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了红树林的生态作用、面临的人为威胁，以及人们为保护它们所采取的行动。 1．主旨大意题。根据“Although they might seem like just trees, they do many important jobs for nature.”以及“First, mangroves play a very important role.”可知，第1、2段主要讲述红树林对自然的作用。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“But now, mangrove forests are in great danger. People cut them down to build houses or start farms.”可知，红树林面临危险是因为人们砍伐它们。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Human activities create lots of rubbish and wastewater. This is also harmful to them.”可知，人类活动产生的垃圾和废水对红树林有害，“harmful”意为“有害的，坏的”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Volunteers plant new mangrove trees, and scientists study how to protect them better.”可知，志愿者通过种植新的红树林来帮助它们。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。根据全文内容，文章围绕沿海生长的红树林展开，介绍了它们的作用、面临的危险及保护措施。“Forests growing along the sea”最能概括全文主题。故选C。 In recent years, more and more people in Daqing choose to go out by shared bikes. Shared bikes are a new kind of transportation (交通工具) that is easy and convenient to use. They have become an important part of people’s daily life in Daqing. Shared bikes are very popular because they bring many advantages to people. First, they are cheap. You only need to pay 1 yuan for 30 minutes. It’s much cheaper than taking a taxi or a bus. Second, they are convenient. You can find shared bikes almost everywhere in the city, such as near bus stops, schools, and communities. You can ride them to any place you want to go, and park them in the designated (指定的) areas easily. Third, riding shared bikes is good for the environment. It doesn’t produce any pollution, which helps to make Daqing a greener and cleaner city. What’s more, riding shared bikes is also a good way to exercise. It can help people keep healthy and strong. However, there are also some problems with shared bikes. Some people don’t park the bikes in the right places. They leave the bikes on the road, in the grass, or even in the staircases (楼梯间), which brings trouble to people’s life and affects (影响) the city’s beauty. Some people even damage (损坏) the bikes, such as breaking the locks or tearing down the QR codes (二维码). In my opinion, shared bikes are really helpful for us, but we should use them properly. We should park the bikes in the designated areas and protect them well. Only in this way can shared bikes better serve people and make our life in Daqing more convenient and beautiful. 1．Why are shared bikes popular in Daqing? A．Because they are expensive but convenient. B．Because they are cheap, convenient and good for the environment. C．Because they are difficult to use but cheap. D．Because they are only used by students. 2．How much do you need to pay if you ride a shared bike for 1 hour? A．1 yuan. B．2 yuan. C．3 yuan. D．4 yuan. 3．Which of the following is NOT an advantage of shared bikes? A．They are cheap. B．They are convenient. C．They produce much pollution. D．They help people keep healthy. 4．What problem do shared bikes have? A．People can’t find them easily. B．They are too expensive for most people. C．Some people park them randomly (随意地) and damage them. D．They are not safe to ride. 5．What’s the writer’s advice on using shared bikes? A．We should buy our own bikes instead of using shared bikes. B．We should use shared bikes as much as possible. C．We should park shared bikes properly and protect them. D．We should ask the government to stop using shared bikes. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了在大庆共享单车成为人们出行新选择，阐述了其受欢迎的原因，包括便宜、方便、环保且有益健康，同时也指出共享单车存在随意停放和被损坏的问题，最后作者提出应正确使用共享单车的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“First, they are cheap. You only need to pay 1 yuan for 30 minutes.”以及“Second, they are convenient.”还有“Third, riding shared bikes is good for the environment.”可知，共享单车便宜、方便且对环境好，所以在大庆受欢迎。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“You only need to pay 1 yuan for 30 minutes.”可知，骑30分钟1元，那么1小时（60分钟）就需要2元。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“First, they are cheap.”“Second, they are convenient.”“Third, riding shared bikes is good for the environment. It doesn’t produce any pollution”以及“What’s more, riding shared bikes is also a good way to exercise. It can help people keep healthy and strong.”可知，便宜、方便、帮助人们保持健康是共享单车的优点，不产生污染也就是对环境好也是优点，而产生很多污染不是优点。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Some people don’t park the bikes in the right places.”以及“Some people even damage (损坏) the bikes”可知，共享单车存在的问题是一些人随意停放和损坏它们。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“We should park the bikes in the designated areas and protect them well.”可知，作者建议我们应该正确停放共享单车并保护好它们。故选C。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $