Unit 6 Friendship 宾语从句（3）（单元核心语法精练）英语新教材沪教版（五四学制）八年级下册

Unit 6 Friendship 核心语法精练（宾语从句(3) ） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、完成句子 9 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 10 题型一 语法填空 10 题型二 语法选择 13 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句属于名词性从句，由what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how等特殊疑问词引导，从句需用陈述句语序，引导词在从句中充当特定成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语等），且不可省略。 一、核心结构 主句谓语动词 + 特殊疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分（陈述句语序） 例句： She asked where I bought this book.（她问我在哪里买的这本书。） I don’t know what he is doing now.（我不知道他现在在做什么。） 二、常用引导词及功能 引导词的选择取决于从句中缺少的句子成分，具体分类如下： 1. 疑问代词（作主语、宾语、定语） what：指事物，作主语/宾语，例：He doesn’t know what made her so angry.（作主语） who：指人，作主语，例：I want to know who will come to the meeting. whom：指人，作宾语（口语中可替换为who），例：She asked me whom I was waiting for. whose：指“……的”，作定语，例：Do you know whose pen this is? which：指“哪一个/些”，作主语/宾语/定语，例：Tell me which dress you prefer. 2. 疑问副词（作状语） when：表时间，例：He didn’t tell me when he would leave. where：表地点，例：I don’t remember where I put my keys. why：表原因，例：She asked me why I was late for class. how：表方式/程度，例：Can you tell me how I can get to the station? 三、核心语法规则 1. 语序规则（核心考点） 宾语从句必须用陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语”，不能照搬疑问句的倒装语序。 疑问句（原句）：Where did you buy this book? 宾语从句（正确）：She asked where I bought this book. 宾语从句（错误）：She asked where did I buy this book. 2. 时态一致原则 和that、whether/if引导的宾语从句一致，遵循“主过从过，主现从任”的规则： 主句谓语为一般过去时，从句需用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等）。 例：He asked me what I was reading at that time.（主句一般过去时，从句过去进行时） 主句谓语为一般现在时/一般将来时，从句可根据实际情况用任意时态。 例：I don’t know when she will come back.（主句一般现在时，从句一般将来时） 特例：从句表述客观真理、科学事实时，时态不受主句影响，仍用一般现在时。 例：The teacher asked us why the earth goes around the sun. 3. 引导词不可省略 特殊疑问词在从句中充当成分，有具体含义，因此不能省略，这和that引导的宾语从句不同。 正确：I want to know what he needs. 错误：I want to know he needs. 四、易错点辨析 1. what与which的区别 what：没有明确范围，指“什么”，例：He asked me what I ate for breakfast. which：有明确范围，指“哪一个/些”，例：He asked me which cake I wanted (the chocolate one or the vanilla one). 2. how引导的常见句式拓展 how可与形容词、副词、数量词连用，构成how old, how many, how much, how long, how often等，引导宾语从句时同样用陈述句语序。 例： Do you know how many students are in this class? I don’t know how long he has lived here. 一、单项选择 1．—Our teacher told us something about AI in class yesterday. —Really? I wonder ________. A．what can AI bring to humans B．that AI develops so quickly today C．how AI will develop in the future D．if AI is good for people or not 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨天我们的老师在课堂上给我们讲了一些关于人工智能的事情。 ——真的吗？我想知道人工智能未来会如何发展。 考查宾语从句。在宾语从句中，if不与or not连用，故选项D排除；宾语从句用陈述语序，排除A；根据“I wonder...”可知主句意思不完整，不能用that引导的宾语从句，排除B。故选C。 2．Could you please tell me ________? A．where can I get some postcards B．where I can get some postcards C．where could I get some postcards D．where I could got some postcards 【答案】B 【详解】句意：请问我可以在哪里买到一些明信片呢？ 考查宾语从句的语序和时态。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语气，排除A和C；could后接动词原形，排除D。故选B。 3．—Jane, I wonder ________. —The Book of Songs. A．when you will choose the book for your report B．who introduced this book to you C．where you bought your favourite book D．which book is your favourite 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——简，我想知道哪本书是你最喜欢的。——《诗经》。 考查宾语从句。when you will choose the book for your report你什么时候为你的报告选书；who introduced this book to you谁把这本书介绍给你；where you bought your favourite book你在哪里买的你最喜欢的书；which book is your favourite哪本书是你最喜欢的。根据答句“The Book of Songs.”可知，问句是询问“哪本书是你最喜欢的”，用which引导的宾语从句符合语境。故选D。 4．—Could you please tell me ________? —Sure. Practice makes perfect. A．how can I play the piano well B．why do you play the piano well C．how I can play the piano well D．why you have to play the piano well 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我如何能弹好钢琴吗？——当然。熟能生巧。 考查宾语从句的语序。how can I play the piano well我如何能弹好钢琴？（疑问句语序）；why do you play the piano well你为什么弹钢琴弹得这么好(疑问句语序，但与此句的句意不符)；how I can play the piano well我如何能弹好钢琴(陈述语序)；why you have to play the piano well你为什么非得要弹好钢琴(陈述语序，但与此句的句意不符)。根据宾语从句中需用陈述语序（主语+谓语），而非疑问语序可知，既符合陈述语序，又符合此句的句意的只有C选项。故选C。 5．—Why is “Drops of water wear through stone” encouraging? —Because it tells us ________. A．why should we give up easily B．what actions can bring good luck C．how small efforts can lead to success D．how can we solve problems with patience 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——为什么“水滴石穿”是鼓舞人心的？——因为它告诉我们小的努力如何能导致成功。 考查宾语从句的语序和谚语含义。根据“Because it tells us...”可知，此处为宾语从句，从句需用陈述语序；选项A和D使用了疑问句语序，均可排除；选项B语法正确但意思不相关，谚语强调坚持而非运气；选项C语法正确（陈述语序）且含义匹配“水滴石穿”的寓意——持之以恒的小努力终获成功。故选C。 6．—I want to go to the airport. Do you know ________? —You can take the No. 55 bus to go there. A．how can I get there B．when I can get there C．how I can get there D．when can I get there 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我想去机场，你知道我该怎么去那里吗？——你可以乘坐55路公交车去那儿。 考查宾语从句。how can I get there我怎么去那里（疑问语序）；when I can get there我什么时候能到那里（陈述语序）；how I can get there我该怎么去那里（陈述语序）；when can I get there我什么时候能到那里（疑问语序）。根据“You can take the No. 55 bus to go there”可知，此处是询问去机场的方式，且宾语从句要用陈述语序，故选C。 7．—Do you know ________ the new museum will open? —Next month, I think. A．when B．where C．why D．how 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道新博物馆什么时候开放吗？——我认为，下个月。 考查疑问词辨析。when什么时候；where在哪里；why为什么；how如何。根据答句Next month“下个月”表示时间，可知空白处需填入询问时间的疑问词。故选A。 8．Some of my friends are interested in science, but none of them can tell ________. A．when UFOs appeared next time B．how elephants communicate C．where is this kind of plant found D．how they can call this kind of plane 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的一些朋友对科学感兴趣，但他们中没有人能说明大象如何交流。 考查宾语从句的语序。此处tell后应接宾语从句，宾语从句应用陈述语序，即“主语+谓语”。A选项中的“next time”是将来时间，不能搭配一般过去时“appeared”，语法矛盾； B选项“how elephants communicate”是陈述语序，语义通顺，符合语境； C选项是疑问语序，不符合宾语从句规则； D选项中的“call this kind of plane”语义表述不当。故选B。 9．—I wonder ________. —What about next Saturday? A．what time does she go to work B．when will you watch the movie C．how his cousin is leaving D．when you can hang out with me 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我想知道你什么时候能和我一起出去玩。——下周六怎么样？    考查宾语从句。根据题干“I wonder ...”可知，空格处为宾语从句，需用陈述语序（主语+谓语），选项A、B为疑问语序，排除；选项C虽为陈述语序，但答句“next Saturday”与“how his cousin is leaving”无关；选项D“when you can hang out with me”为陈述语序，且答句直接回应时间安排，逻辑通顺。故选D。 10．—Could you tell me ________ to the science museum? —Sure. Go straight and turn left at the second crossing. A．how can I get B．how I can get C．where is D．where I can get 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我怎么去科学博物馆吗？——当然可以。直走，然后在第二个十字路口左转。 考查宾语从句的语序和疑问词辨析。根据答语“Go straight and turn left at the second crossing.”可知，询问的是“如何到达”，应使用“how”，排除C和D；同时，在宾语从句中，从句部分必须用陈述语序 (即主语 + 谓语)，不能使用疑问语序，排除A。故选B。 11．—Would you please tell me ________? —By keeping a diary every day. A．why you want to study English B．who you often speak English with C．how you improve your English writing D．how to improve spoken English 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你是如何提高英语写作的吗？——通过每天写日记。 考查宾语从句引导词辨析。why you want to study English你为什么想学英语，问原因；who you often speak English with你经常和谁说英语，问人；how you improve your English writing你如何提高英语写作，问方式；how to improve spoken English如何提高英语口语，问方式。根据答语“By keeping a diary every day.”可知，回答的是“通过何种方式”，即回答了“如何提高”的问题，且“keeping a diary”与“writing”相关。故选C。 12．The saying “Knowledge starts with practice.” tells us ________. A．what is knowledge B．how we can get knowledge C．why is knowledge powerful D．when we should start practicing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：谚语“知识始于实践”告诉我们可以如何获得知识。 考查对谚语的理解及宾语从句。what is knowledge知识是什么，疑问语序；how we can get knowledge我们可以如何获得知识，陈述语序；why is knowledge powerful为什么知识有力量，疑问语序；when we should start practicing我们什么时候开始实践，陈述语序。根据“The saying ‘Knowledge starts with practice.’ tells us...”可知，本句为宾语从句，应用陈述语序，排除AC选项；谚语“知识始于实践”的核心含义是强调实践是获取知识的起点或方式，因此它描述了我们如何获得知识。故选B。 13．The little girl asked her mother ________. A．that she could hold a party at home B．how long will she hold her party C．if her friends will come to her party D．how many guests would come to her party 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这个小女孩问她妈妈有多少客人会来参加她的派对。 考查宾语从句的用法。that she could hold a party at home她可以在家举办派对；how long will she hold her party她会举办多久的派对；if her friends will come to her party她的朋友是否会来参加她的派对；how many guests would come to her party有多少客人会来参加她的派对。根据 “asked her mother”可知，此处是宾语从句，需满足陈述语序、主过从过的规则。结合这一要求，选项D“how many guests would come to her party”既符合陈述语序，又用would匹配了主句asked的过去时态。故选D。 14．—Do you remember ________? —Sure. On the morning of May Day. A．how we got to the Tianjin Eye B．how long did we get to the Tianjin Eye C．when we got to the Tianjin Eye D．when did we get to the Tianjin Eye 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你还记得我们到天津之眼的时候吗？ ——当然。在五一节的早晨。 考查宾语从句的语序。根据回答“On the morning of May Day”可知，此处询问时间，因此应选表示时间的从句，排除选项A；宾语从句使用陈述语序，选项B和选项D是疑问语序，故错误；选项C“when we got to the Tianjin Eye”使用陈述句语序，符合宾语从句语法。故选C。 15．Would you please tell me ? A．when has your father come back B．where your father would play tennis C．why your father didn’t watch the match D．if your father had seen the film 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你能告诉我你爸爸为什么没看比赛吗？ 考查宾语从句的语序。when has your father come back疑问句语序；where your father would play tennis陈述句语序；why your father didn’t watch the match陈述句语序；if your father had seen the film陈述句语序。宾语从句需用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后；would play表过去将来，无对应语境；had seen是过去完成时，需有“过去的过去”的时间参照，本句无此逻辑；didn’t watch是一般过去时，陈述过去的事实，语序和时态均合理。故选C。 16．Mum asked Lucy ________. A．if could they walk along this way B．which gate they could go C．which was the way to that street D．why to have a rest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：妈妈问露西哪条路是通往那条街的。 考查宾语从句的语序和结构。在宾语从句中，应使用陈述句语序，排除A；选项B中的go后缺少介词to，表达错误；选项D是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，why后一般不接不定式，应用why引导的宾语从句，排除D。结合选项可知，只有C选项符合语境，句子是which引导的宾语从句，且是陈述语序。故选C。 17．—Do you know ________, John? —This Friday evening. A．when the new film will be put on B．when will the new film be put on C．where the new film will be put on D．where will the new film be put on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——约翰，你知道新电影什么时候上映吗？——这个星期五晚上。 考查宾语从句。根据答语“This Friday evening”可知，询问的是时间，因此用when“什么时候”引导宾语从句；且宾语从句需用陈述语序。故选A。 18．—Could you tell me ________? —On November 9th. A．when did China’s 15th National Games open B．when China’s 15th National Games opened C．where did China’s 15th National Games open D．where China’s 15th National Games opened 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我中国第十五届全运会是什么时候开幕的吗？——11月9日。 考查宾语从句。根据“Could you tell me...”可知，空格处为宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序，故排除选项A和C；根据“On November 9th.”可知，此处是询问日期，故应用when引导宾语从句。故选B。 19．— Do you know ________? — I’m not sure. Maybe next year. A．if Dongying High-speed Train Station will be built B．where Dongying High-speed Train Station will be built C．when we will build Dongying High-speed Train Station D．why the government decided to build Dongying High-speed Train Station 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你知道什么时候建东营高速火车站吗？——我不确定。可能明年。 考查宾语从句的引导词。根据答句“Maybe next year”可知，此处应用“when”询问时间。故选C。 20．Why didn’t you tell your parents ________ you thought of their holiday plan for you? A．that B．what C．how D．whether 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你为什么不告诉你父母，你对他们给你安排的假期计划有什么看法？ 考查宾语从句连接词辨析。that只起连接作用，不表示内容；what所；how如何；whether是否。根据“tell your parents”，可知此处需引导宾语从句，表示“对……的看法”，常用固定结构what you think of something“你对某事的看法”。此处what作连接词，在从句中作“thought of”的宾语。故选B。 二、完成句子 21．Frank asked me, “Have you ever created a comic strip?” (改为宾语从句) Frank asked me whether ever created a comic strip. 【答案】I had 【详解】句意：Frank问我是否曾经创作过连环漫画。原句是“Have you…?”引导的一般疑问句，改为宾语从句时，用whether引导，从句应用陈述语序（主语+谓语）。主句谓语动词“asked”是过去时，从句时态要遵循“主过从必过”的原则，将直接引语中的现在完成时“have created”改为过去完成时“had created”；直接引语中的主语“you”指代主句宾语“me”，故改为第一人称主格I。故填I had。 22．Jack’s mother asked him, “What will you do next month?” (改为宾语从句) Jack’s mother asked him he do the next month. 【答案】 what would 【详解】句意：杰克的妈妈问他：“你下个月要做什么？”宾语从句需用陈述语序，原句是特殊疑问句，引导词用“what”；主句是一般过去时，从句需用过去将来时，“will”变为“would”。故填what；would。 23．get, guess, present, you, can, what, we, can (连词成句) ? 【答案】Can you guess what present we can get 【详解】由标点可知，此句是一个疑问句；分析所给单词，情态动词can放在主语you前，后接动词原形guess；what后接名词present，从句主语为we，can后接动词原形get，what present作get的宾语；从句what present we can get作动词guess的宾语。故填Can you guess what present we can get“你能猜出我们能得到什么礼物吗”。 24．“Who will be in charge of the next class meeting?” Tommy wondered. (改为宾语从句) Tommy wondered be in charge of the next class meeting. 【答案】 who would 【详解】句意：“谁将负责下一次班会？”Tommy想知道。原句“Who will be in charge of the next class meeting?”是特殊疑问句，改为宾语从句时，仍用who引导，主句“Tommy wondered”是一般过去时，从句应用过去将来时，因此will需改为would。故填who；would。 25．who, is certain, the tower, nobody, designed（连词成句）   . 【答案】Nobody is certain who designed the tower 【详解】根据所给词可知，此句为主从复合句；nobody作主句主语，位于句首首字母大写；is certain作主句的系表结构；who引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语；designed在从句中作谓语；the tower在从句中作宾语。故填Nobody is certain who designed the tower“没有人确定是谁设计了这个塔”。 26．“Which attractions do you like best?” I asked Julia and Roddy.(改为宾语从句) I asked Julia and Roddy attractions they best. 【答案】 which liked 【详解】句意：“你最喜欢哪个景点？”我问茱莉亚和罗迪。改为宾语从句，从句用陈述语序。which作引导词，like作从句的谓语，根据“asked”以及“主过从必过”可知，从句用一般过去时，故填which；liked。 27．Do you know? Whose bike is it? (将句子改成宾语从句) Do you know bike it ? 【答案】 whose is 【详解】句意：你知道吗？这是谁的自行车？宾语从句首先看语序，语序必须用陈述句，把is it 改成it is；其次看主从句的时态，主句Do you know是一般现在时，从句时态不需要改变；第三看引导词，此处要表达的是“谁的”作定语，因此关系代词为whose。故答案为whose；is。 28．“When will the flight arrive?” the passenger asked the attendant. (改为宾语从句) The passenger asked the attendant the flight arrive. 【答案】 when would 【详解】句意：“航班什么时候能到？”乘客问乘务员。改为宾语从句时，从句用原来的疑问词when引导宾语从句，根据“asked”可知，主句是一般过去时，从句要相应调整为过去将来时would arrive。故填when；would。 29．“When will they arrive at the airport?” she asked. (改为宾语从句) She asked when arrive at the airport. 【答案】 they would 【详解】句意：“他们什么时候到机场？”她问。改为宾语从句后，从句用陈述句语序，且根据“主过从必过”原则可知，从句也应用过去将来时，will变为would。故填they；would。 30．Peter, the, operator, where, lived, told, he (连词成句) . 【答案】Peter told the operator where he lived 【详解】根据所给标点可知应用陈述句的形式，分析所给单词，Peter作主句主语，told作主句谓语，the operator作主句宾语；where引导宾语从句；he作从句主语；lived作从句谓语。故填Peter told the operator where he lived“彼得告诉接线员他住在哪里”。 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Alice and Judy are best friends. Last Sunday, Alice had difficulty in 1 (finish) her homework and wanted to copy Judy’s. But Judy refused. Alice had 2 argument with Judy. They didn’t talk to each other for a few days. Alice didn’t know how to solve her maths problem and she wondered if she could get on well 3 her friend again. Yesterday afternoon, she saw a cool boy 4 (play) the violin happily by the road. The music sounded so nice that she stopped. 5 Alice didn’t know what music he was playing, it made her feel better. After he finished the music, Alice walked over to him and said, “Thank you for your beautiful music. It gets me out of the 6 (real) bad mood (心情).” Then she took out some money and gave it to him. To her 7 (surprised), the boy asked her to take the money back. He explained that he wasn’t making money by playing the violin. He just wanted to help others. He hoped that the wonderful music could make people feel 8 (relax) and happy. Then Alice told him about her trouble. He said, “You should learn to smile even if you are in difficulty. Listening to music is helpful. So why not 9 (listen) to music as often as possible? Never lose heart. Believe in your friend. She has her reasons. Believe in 10 (you), everything will go well.” Hearing these words, Alice went home with a smile. She believed she could make it. 【答案】 1．finishing 2．an 3．with 4．playing 5．Although/Though 6．really 7．surprise 8．relaxed 9．listen 10．yourself 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Alice因作业问题和好友Judy发生争执后，通过一位街头小提琴手的音乐和劝解重新振作的故事。 1．句意：Alice在完成作业时遇到困难，想抄Judy的作业。根据“Alice had difficulty in...her homework”可知此处考查短语“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”表示“做某事有困难”，in可省略，后接动名词。故填finishing。 2．句意：Alice和Judy发生了争执。根据“had...argument”可知空格处需填入冠词，表示“一个”，argument为可数名词单数，且发音以元音/ɑː/开头，需用不定冠词an。故填an。 3．句意：Alice不知道如何解决她的数学问题，她想知道自己是否还能和朋友相处得很好。根据“she wondered if she could get on well...her friend again.”可知此处考查短语“get on well with sb.”表示“与某人相处融洽”。故填with。 4．句意：昨天下午，她看到一个酷男孩在路边开心地拉小提琴。根据“she saw a cool boy...the violin”可知此处表示看到小男孩“正在”拉小提琴，对应短语“see sb. doing sth.”，强调动作进行。故填playing。 5．句意：虽然Alice不知道他在演奏什么音乐，但这让她感觉好多了。根据“...Alice didn’t know what music he was playing, it made her feel better.”可知前后句为让步关系，需用Although/Though引导让步状语从句，且位于句首需大写首字母。故填Although/Though。 6．句意：它让我摆脱了非常糟糕的心情。根据“the...bad mood”可知空格处需要副词修饰形容词“bad”，提示词“real”为形容词，需变为副词“really”。故填really。 7．句意：令她惊讶的是，男孩让她把钱拿回去。根据“To her...”可知空格处需填入名词，提示词“surprised”对应的名词为“surprise”。故填surprise。 8．句意：他希望美妙的音乐能让人感到放松和快乐。根据“make people feel...and happy”可知feel后需填入形容词，与“happy”并列。relaxed表示“感到放松的”。故填relaxed。 9．句意：因此为什么不尽可能多听音乐呢？根据“why not...”可知此处表示建议，后接动词原形，构成句型“Why not do sth.?”。故填listen。 10．句意：相信自己，一切都会好起来。根据“Never lose heart. Believe in your friend...Believe in...”可知此处表示相信“自己”，用反身代词yourself。故填yourself。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 I’m Lily, and I want to tell you something about my friend Max and me. We met at a science camp, and right away, we worked together in all 1 (activity). We had lots in common! We both loved insects! We watched ants carry food, ran after butterflies 2 drew pictures of our favourite insects. But one day, we had a big fight. One of our projects was to build an “insect house” in the garden. We had to decide 3 to put inside. I wanted to fill it with sweet-smelling fruit, like bananas. “Butterflies and bees will come for the juice!” I said. “They’re one of the 4 (beautiful) insects, and they help flowers grow!” Max 5 (plan) to add wet leaves and wood. He said, “Worms (虫) love that! They’re ugly, but they make the soil (土壤) healthy.” We looked at each other 6 (angry). I thought bees and butterflies were the “cool” insects, and Max thought the “ugly” ones were just as important. We stopped talking until 7 (we) teacher, Ms Green, said, “Why don’t you try both kinds?” So we made 8 parts for our insect house: Fruit Side and Leaf Side. Every day, we visited 9 insect house and checked (查看) it together. By the end, we had all kinds of insects. Now, we both know: Friends can like different things. It’s okay! What matters is respecting the differences and 10 (find) ways to work together. 【答案】 1．activities 2．and 3．what 4．most beautiful 5．planned 6．angrily 7．our 8．two 9．the 10．finding 【导语】本文讲述了作者Lily和她的朋友Max在科学营相识，因共同爱好昆虫而成为朋友，后因建造“昆虫屋”时意见不合产生争执，最后在老师的建议下达成和解，明白了朋友间尊重差异并合作的重要性。 1．句意：我们在科学营相遇，马上，我们在所有的活动中一起合作。activity“活动”，可数名词，all后接可数名词复数形式。故填activities。 2．句意：我们观察蚂蚁搬运食物，追逐蝴蝶，并绘制我们最喜欢的昆虫的图片。根据“watched ants carry food, ran after butterflies...drew pictures”可知，此处是三个并列的动作，用and连接。故填and。 3．句意：我们必须决定在里面放什么。根据“to put inside”可知，此处是“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语，结合语境可知，是决定放什么，what“什么”符合语境。故填what。 4．句意：它们是最美丽的昆虫之一，它们帮助花朵生长！one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数“……中最……之一”，固定用法，所以此处用beautiful的最高级most beautiful。故填most beautiful。 5．句意：Max计划添加湿树叶和木头。plan“计划”，动词，根据前文“I said”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以此处用plan的过去式planned。故填planned。 6．句意：我们愤怒地看着对方。angry“生气的”，形容词，此处修饰动词looked，用副词angrily“愤怒地”。故填angrily。 7．句意：我们停止了交谈，直到我们的老师，格林女士说：“你们为什么不两种都试试呢？”we“我们”，人称代词主格，此处修饰名词teacher，用形容词性物主代词our“我们的”。故填our。 8．句意：所以我们为我们的昆虫屋做了两个部分：水果区和叶子区。根据“Fruit Side and Leaf Side”可知，是两个部分，two“两个”符合语境。故填two。 9．句意：每天，我们都去参观我们的昆虫屋并一起检查它。根据前文“our insect house”可知，此处是特指我们的昆虫屋，用定冠词the。故填the。 10．句意：重要的是尊重差异并找到合作的方法。find“找到”，动词，and连接并列成分，此处与respecting并列，所以用find的动名词finding。故填finding。 题型二 语法选择 Lucy is a student in Grade Eight. She has a close friend named Lily. They have been friends since Grade Seven, 1 they share the same love for English and music. Every weekend, they practice speaking English together and sing their favorite songs. Their conversations always sound 2 . Lily is 3 talented in playing the piano. Last month, she took part in a school music competition. She played a piece of music composed by a famous musician. Although there were many good players in 4 competition, Lily performed the best. In the end, she won 5 prize. Lucy and their classmates cheered loudly for her. After school, Lucy and Lily often go to the school library. They like reading stories about friendship and adventure. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is one of their favorite 6 . They admire Tom’s courage and his ability to solve problems wisely. Last week, Lucy 7 a bad cold because of the cold weather. Lily visited her every day after school. She helped Lucy with her homework and told her interesting stories. Now Lucy feels 8 than before. She is very grateful to Lily. “Having a good friend like Lily makes my school life more colorful,” Lucy said. She can’t wait 9 to school and study with Lily again. Friendship is a precious gift in life. It helps us grow and become better people. Lucy and Lily promise 10 each other forever. 1．A．so B．because C．but 2．A．natural B．naturally C．nature 3．A．too B．either C．also 4．A．a B．an C．the 5．A．first B．the first C．one 6．A．book B．books C．books’ 7．A．caught B．has caught C．catches 8．A．good B．better C．best 9．A．go B．going C．to go 10．A．support B．supporting C．to support 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了八年级学生露西和莉莉之间深厚的友谊。 1．句意：她们从七年级起就是朋友，因为她们都热爱英语和音乐。 so所以；because因为；but但是。根据“They have been friends since Grade Seven...they share the same love for English and music.”可知，前半句她们从七年级起就是朋友，后半句她们都热爱英语和音乐是成为朋友的原因，用because表因果。故选B。 2．句意：她们的对话听起来总是很自然。 natural自然的，形容词；naturally自然地，副词；nature自然，名词。根据“ Their conversations always sound...”可知，sound是系动词，后接形容词作表语。故选A。 3．句意：莉莉在弹钢琴方面也很有天赋。 too也，肯定句句末；either也，否定句句末；also也，放在句中。根据“Lily is...talented in playing the piano.”可知，此处为句中。故选C。 4．句意：尽管比赛中有很多优秀的选手，但莉莉表现得最出色。 a一个，放于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，放于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指。根据“Although there were many good players in...competition”可知，此处competition特指上文提到的school music competition，表特指用定冠词the。故选C。 5．句意：最后，她赢得了一等奖。 first第一，序数词；the first第一，序数词；one一，基数词。根据“she won...prize.”可知，win the first prize“赢得一等奖”。故选B。 6．句意：《汤姆・索亚历险记》是她们最喜欢的书之一。 book书，单数；books书，复数；books’书的，名词所有格。根据“The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is one of their favorite...”可知，one of+可数名词复数“……之一”。故选B。 7．句意：上周，因为天气寒冷，露西得了重感冒。 caught得病，一般过去时态；has caught得病，现在完成时态；catches得病，一般现在时态。根据“last week”可知，last week是一般过去时的时间标志词，谓语动词用过去式。故选A。 8．句意：现在露西感觉比以前好多了。 good好的，形容词原级；better更好的，形容词比较级；best最好的，形容词最高级。根据“than”可知，than是形容词比较级的标志词。故选B。 9．句意：她迫不及待地想回学校，和莉莉一起学习。 go走，动词原形；going走，动名词/现在分词；to go走，动词不定式。根据“ She can’t wait...to school and study with Lily again.”可知，can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”。故选C。 10．句意：露西和莉莉承诺会永远支持彼此。 support支持，动词原形；supporting支持，现在分词/动名词；to support支持，动词不定式。根据“Lucy and Lily promise...each other forever.”可知，promise to do sth.“承诺做某事”。故选C。 One day, David and his friends talked about who their closest friends were. When it was his turn, he said, “My best friend is Amy, 1 81-year-old woman living in Florida.” Their friendship came 2 a game. In the game, David and Amy were in the same team. After this game, they became good 3 . David even told her about his dream of playing music. However, life was hard for David at that time. He hardly 4 time or money to play music. Most of the time, he had to work in a restaurant. He felt that his dream was hopeless. 5 he almost lost heart, Amy gave him lots of help. Two years later, he decided 6 to New York for his dream. There he held his first concert 7 . After the concert, a famous reporter heard of their story. He wanted to know what 8 . So he flew to Florida to interview (采访) her. To his surprise, the friendship between Amy and David was 9 than he could imagine. But Amy thought it was 10 . She said, “As friends, we should give a hand when they are in need.” 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．from B．to C．at 3．A．friend B．friends C．friends’ 4．A．has B．had C．will have 5．A．After B．When C．If 6．A．go B．going C．to go 7．A．successfully B．successful C．succeed 8．A．Amy was like B．was Amy like C．was like Amy 9．A．beautiful B．more beautiful C．the most beautiful 10．A．nothing B．everything C．something 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了大卫的朋友艾米使大卫重拾梦想，并实现梦想的事情。 1．句意：我最好的朋友是艾米，她是住在佛罗里达的一位81岁的女士。 a一个 (用于辅音音素前)；an一个 (用于元音音素前)；the这个 (特指)。根据“…81-year-old woman”可知，81(eighty-one) 以元音音素开头，且此处表示泛指“一位81岁的女士”，应用不定冠词an。故选B。 2．句意：他们的友谊源于一场游戏。 from来自；to到；at在。根据“Their friendship came…a game.”和固定搭配“come from (源于)”可知，此处表示友谊起源于一场游戏。故选A。 3．句意：这场游戏之后，他们成了好朋友。 friend朋友 (单数)；friends朋友 (复数)；friends’朋友的 (所有格)。根据“they became good”可知，became后接名词复数friends，表示“成为了好朋友”。故选B。 4．句意：那时对于大卫来说生活很艰难，他几乎没有时间或金钱玩音乐。 has有 (第三人称单数现在时)；had有 (过去式)；will have将有 (将来时)。根据“life was hard for David at that time”可知，上下文为一般过去时，主语He是第三人称单数，谓语动词需用过去式had。故选B。 5．句意：当他几乎失去信心时，艾米给了他很多帮助。 After在……之后；When当……时；If如果。根据“he almost lost heart, Amy gave him lots of help”可知，主句和从句动作同时发生，表示“当……时”，应用When引导时间状语从句。故选B。 6．句意：两年后，他决定去纽约追梦。 go去 (动词原形)；going去 (现在分词)；to go去 (动词不定式)。根据“he decided…to New York”和固定搭配“decide to do sth. (决定做某事)”可知，此处需用动词不定式to go。故选C。 7．句意：在那里他成功举办了他的第一场音乐会。 successfully成功地 (副词)；successful成功的 (形容词)；succeed成功 (动词)。根据“he held his first concert…”可知，空格处需副词修饰动词held，表示“成功地举办”。故选A。 8．句意：一位著名记者听说了他们的故事，他想知道艾米是个什么样的人。 Amy was like艾米是怎么样 (陈述语序)；was Amy like是艾米怎么样 (疑问句倒装)；was like Amy像艾米一样。根据“He wanted to know what”可知，此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序“what Amy was like (艾米是个什么样的人)”。故选A。 9．句意：令他惊讶的是，艾米和大卫之间的友谊比他想象的更加美好。 beautiful美好的 (原级)；more beautiful更美好的 (比较级)；the most beautiful最美好的 (最高级)。根据“than he could imagine”可知，此处有than表示比较，应用比较级more beautiful。故选B。 10．句意：但艾米认为这没什么。 nothing没有什么；everything一切；something某事。根据“She said, ‘As friends, we should give a hand when they are in need.’”可知，艾米认为帮助朋友是理所应当的，所以觉得“这没什么”。故选A。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Friendship 核心语法精练（宾语从句(3) ） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、完成句子 9 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 10 题型一 语法填空 10 题型二 语法选择 13 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句属于名词性从句，由what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how等特殊疑问词引导，从句需用陈述句语序，引导词在从句中充当特定成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语等），且不可省略。 一、核心结构 主句谓语动词 + 特殊疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分（陈述句语序） 例句： She asked where I bought this book.（她问我在哪里买的这本书。） I don’t know what he is doing now.（我不知道他现在在做什么。） 二、常用引导词及功能 引导词的选择取决于从句中缺少的句子成分，具体分类如下： 1. 疑问代词（作主语、宾语、定语） what：指事物，作主语/宾语，例：He doesn’t know what made her so angry.（作主语） who：指人，作主语，例：I want to know who will come to the meeting. whom：指人，作宾语（口语中可替换为who），例：She asked me whom I was waiting for. whose：指“……的”，作定语，例：Do you know whose pen this is? which：指“哪一个/些”，作主语/宾语/定语，例：Tell me which dress you prefer. 2. 疑问副词（作状语） when：表时间，例：He didn’t tell me when he would leave. where：表地点，例：I don’t remember where I put my keys. why：表原因，例：She asked me why I was late for class. how：表方式/程度，例：Can you tell me how I can get to the station? 三、核心语法规则 1. 语序规则（核心考点） 宾语从句必须用陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语”，不能照搬疑问句的倒装语序。 疑问句（原句）：Where did you buy this book? 宾语从句（正确）：She asked where I bought this book. 宾语从句（错误）：She asked where did I buy this book. 2. 时态一致原则 和that、whether/if引导的宾语从句一致，遵循“主过从过，主现从任”的规则： 主句谓语为一般过去时，从句需用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等）。 例：He asked me what I was reading at that time.（主句一般过去时，从句过去进行时） 主句谓语为一般现在时/一般将来时，从句可根据实际情况用任意时态。 例：I don’t know when she will come back.（主句一般现在时，从句一般将来时） 特例：从句表述客观真理、科学事实时，时态不受主句影响，仍用一般现在时。 例：The teacher asked us why the earth goes around the sun. 3. 引导词不可省略 特殊疑问词在从句中充当成分，有具体含义，因此不能省略，这和that引导的宾语从句不同。 正确：I want to know what he needs. 错误：I want to know he needs. 四、易错点辨析 1. what与which的区别 what：没有明确范围，指“什么”，例：He asked me what I ate for breakfast. which：有明确范围，指“哪一个/些”，例：He asked me which cake I wanted (the chocolate one or the vanilla one). 2. how引导的常见句式拓展 how可与形容词、副词、数量词连用，构成how old, how many, how much, how long, how often等，引导宾语从句时同样用陈述句语序。 例： Do you know how many students are in this class? I don’t know how long he has lived here. 一、单项选择 1．—Our teacher told us something about AI in class yesterday. —Really? I wonder ________. A．what can AI bring to humans B．that AI develops so quickly today C．how AI will develop in the future D．if AI is good for people or not 2．Could you please tell me ________? A．where can I get some postcards B．where I can get some postcards C．where could I get some postcards D．where I could got some postcards 3．—Jane, I wonder ________. —The Book of Songs. A．when you will choose the book for your report B．who introduced this book to you C．where you bought your favourite book D．which book is your favourite 4．—Could you please tell me ________? —Sure. Practice makes perfect. A．how can I play the piano well B．why do you play the piano well C．how I can play the piano well D．why you have to play the piano well 5．—Why is “Drops of water wear through stone” encouraging? —Because it tells us ________. A．why should we give up easily B．what actions can bring good luck C．how small efforts can lead to success D．how can we solve problems with patience 6．—I want to go to the airport. Do you know ________? —You can take the No. 55 bus to go there. A．how can I get there B．when I can get there C．how I can get there D．when can I get there 7．—Do you know ________ the new museum will open? —Next month, I think. A．when B．where C．why D．how 8．Some of my friends are interested in science, but none of them can tell ________. A．when UFOs appeared next time B．how elephants communicate C．where is this kind of plant found D．how they can call this kind of plane 9．—I wonder ________. —What about next Saturday? A．what time does she go to work B．when will you watch the movie C．how his cousin is leaving D．when you can hang out with me 10．—Could you tell me ________ to the science museum? —Sure. Go straight and turn left at the second crossing. A．how can I get B．how I can get C．where is D．where I can get 11．—Would you please tell me ________? —By keeping a diary every day. A．why you want to study English B．who you often speak English with C．how you improve your English writing D．how to improve spoken English 12．The saying “Knowledge starts with practice.” tells us ________. A．what is knowledge B．how we can get knowledge C．why is knowledge powerful D．when we should start practicing 13．The little girl asked her mother ________. A．that she could hold a party at home B．how long will she hold her party C．if her friends will come to her party D．how many guests would come to her party 14．—Do you remember ________? —Sure. On the morning of May Day. A．how we got to the Tianjin Eye B．how long did we get to the Tianjin Eye C．when we got to the Tianjin Eye D．when did we get to the Tianjin Eye 15．Would you please tell me ? A．when has your father come back B．where your father would play tennis C．why your father didn’t watch the match D．if your father had seen the film 16．Mum asked Lucy ________. A．if could they walk along this way B．which gate they could go C．which was the way to that street D．why to have a rest 17．—Do you know ________, John? —This Friday evening. A．when the new film will be put on B．when will the new film be put on C．where the new film will be put on D．where will the new film be put on 18．—Could you tell me ________? —On November 9th. A．when did China’s 15th National Games open B．when China’s 15th National Games opened C．where did China’s 15th National Games open D．where China’s 15th National Games opened 19．— Do you know ________? — I’m not sure. Maybe next year. A．if Dongying High-speed Train Station will be built B．where Dongying High-speed Train Station will be built C．when we will build Dongying High-speed Train Station D．why the government decided to build Dongying High-speed Train Station 20．Why didn’t you tell your parents ________ you thought of their holiday plan for you? A．that B．what C．how D．whether 二、完成句子 21．Frank asked me, “Have you ever created a comic strip?” (改为宾语从句) Frank asked me whether ever created a comic strip. 22．Jack’s mother asked him, “What will you do next month?” (改为宾语从句) Jack’s mother asked him he do the next month. 23．get, guess, present, you, can, what, we, can (连词成句) ? 24．“Who will be in charge of the next class meeting?” Tommy wondered. (改为宾语从句) Tommy wondered be in charge of the next class meeting. 25．who, is certain, the tower, nobody, designed（连词成句）   . 26．“Which attractions do you like best?” I asked Julia and Roddy.(改为宾语从句) I asked Julia and Roddy attractions they best. 27．Do you know? Whose bike is it? (将句子改成宾语从句) Do you know bike it ? 28．“When will the flight arrive?” the passenger asked the attendant. (改为宾语从句) The passenger asked the attendant the flight arrive. 29．“When will they arrive at the airport?” she asked. (改为宾语从句) She asked when arrive at the airport. 30．Peter, the, operator, where, lived, told, he (连词成句) . 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Alice and Judy are best friends. Last Sunday, Alice had difficulty in 1 (finish) her homework and wanted to copy Judy’s. But Judy refused. Alice had 2 argument with Judy. They didn’t talk to each other for a few days. Alice didn’t know how to solve her maths problem and she wondered if she could get on well 3 her friend again. Yesterday afternoon, she saw a cool boy 4 (play) the violin happily by the road. The music sounded so nice that she stopped. 5 Alice didn’t know what music he was playing, it made her feel better. After he finished the music, Alice walked over to him and said, “Thank you for your beautiful music. It gets me out of the 6 (real) bad mood (心情).” Then she took out some money and gave it to him. To her 7 (surprised), the boy asked her to take the money back. He explained that he wasn’t making money by playing the violin. He just wanted to help others. He hoped that the wonderful music could make people feel 8 (relax) and happy. Then Alice told him about her trouble. He said, “You should learn to smile even if you are in difficulty. Listening to music is helpful. So why not 9 (listen) to music as often as possible? Never lose heart. Believe in your friend. She has her reasons. Believe in 10 (you), everything will go well.” Hearing these words, Alice went home with a smile. She believed she could make it. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 I’m Lily, and I want to tell you something about my friend Max and me. We met at a science camp, and right away, we worked together in all 1 (activity). We had lots in common! We both loved insects! We watched ants carry food, ran after butterflies 2 drew pictures of our favourite insects. But one day, we had a big fight. One of our projects was to build an “insect house” in the garden. We had to decide 3 to put inside. I wanted to fill it with sweet-smelling fruit, like bananas. “Butterflies and bees will come for the juice!” I said. “They’re one of the 4 (beautiful) insects, and they help flowers grow!” Max 5 (plan) to add wet leaves and wood. He said, “Worms (虫) love that! They’re ugly, but they make the soil (土壤) healthy.” We looked at each other 6 (angry). I thought bees and butterflies were the “cool” insects, and Max thought the “ugly” ones were just as important. We stopped talking until 7 (we) teacher, Ms Green, said, “Why don’t you try both kinds?” So we made 8 parts for our insect house: Fruit Side and Leaf Side. Every day, we visited 9 insect house and checked (查看) it together. By the end, we had all kinds of insects. Now, we both know: Friends can like different things. It’s okay! What matters is respecting the differences and 10 (find) ways to work together. 题型二 语法选择 Lucy is a student in Grade Eight. She has a close friend named Lily. They have been friends since Grade Seven, 1 they share the same love for English and music. Every weekend, they practice speaking English together and sing their favorite songs. Their conversations always sound 2 . Lily is 3 talented in playing the piano. Last month, she took part in a school music competition. She played a piece of music composed by a famous musician. Although there were many good players in 4 competition, Lily performed the best. In the end, she won 5 prize. Lucy and their classmates cheered loudly for her. After school, Lucy and Lily often go to the school library. They like reading stories about friendship and adventure. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is one of their favorite 6 . They admire Tom’s courage and his ability to solve problems wisely. Last week, Lucy 7 a bad cold because of the cold weather. Lily visited her every day after school. She helped Lucy with her homework and told her interesting stories. Now Lucy feels 8 than before. She is very grateful to Lily. “Having a good friend like Lily makes my school life more colorful,” Lucy said. She can’t wait 9 to school and study with Lily again. Friendship is a precious gift in life. It helps us grow and become better people. Lucy and Lily promise 10 each other forever. 1．A．so B．because C．but 2．A．natural B．naturally C．nature 3．A．too B．either C．also 4．A．a B．an C．the 5．A．first B．the first C．one 6．A．book B．books C．books’ 7．A．caught B．has caught C．catches 8．A．good B．better C．best 9．A．go B．going C．to go 10．A．support B．supporting C．to support One day, David and his friends talked about who their closest friends were. When it was his turn, he said, “My best friend is Amy, 1 81-year-old woman living in Florida.” Their friendship came 2 a game. In the game, David and Amy were in the same team. After this game, they became good 3 . David even told her about his dream of playing music. However, life was hard for David at that time. He hardly 4 time or money to play music. Most of the time, he had to work in a restaurant. He felt that his dream was hopeless. 5 he almost lost heart, Amy gave him lots of help. Two years later, he decided 6 to New York for his dream. There he held his first concert 7 . After the concert, a famous reporter heard of their story. He wanted to know what 8 . So he flew to Florida to interview (采访) her. To his surprise, the friendship between Amy and David was 9 than he could imagine. But Amy thought it was 10 . She said, “As friends, we should give a hand when they are in need.” 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．from B．to C．at 3．A．friend B．friends C．friends’ 4．A．has B．had C．will have 5．A．After B．When C．If 6．A．go B．going C．to go 7．A．successfully B．successful C．succeed 8．A．Amy was like B．was Amy like C．was like Amy 9．A．beautiful B．more beautiful C．the most beautiful 10．A．nothing B．everything C．something 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $