精品解析：吉林省友好学校第80届期末联考2025-2026学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题

友好学校第八十届期末联考 高二英语 本试卷共四部分，67个小题，共150分，共12页。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，将条形码贴在贴条形码区内。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 3. 回答非选择题时，用黑色碳素笔将答案写在答题卡对应的答题区域，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，写在本试题卷上无效。 4. 保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱、不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。 第一部分 听力理解（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What is the chance of winning the case （案件） for the woman? A. No hope. B. Little hope. C. Very big. 2. What do we know about the woman? A. She would like to go. B. She is free this weekend. C. She doesn’t want to go out with the man. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. A movie. B. A lecture. C. A play. 4. When is the train leaving? A. At 10:30. B. At 10:25. C. At 10:40. 5. Why can’t the man pay at this cashier register? A. It has broken down. B. It has been closed out. C. There is no person in charge. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至8小题。 6. Where is the woman’s husband likely to be now? A. At home. B. At hospital. C. In England. 7. When will the woman probably go back to work? A. This Friday. B. This Monday. C. Next Monday at the latest. 8. How does the woman feel when she is asked to hand over her job to Joe? A. Grateful. B. Worried. C. Disappointed. 听第7段材料，回答第9至11小题。 9. What are the speakers talking about? A. A letter of application. B. Jobs. C. Friends. 10. What suggestion does the woman give for the man’s application? A. He should put his work experience into the first part. B. He should introduce his family in details. C. He should put his education into the first part. 11. What is the aim of the letter of application? A. The man is eager to get a job. B. The man wants to become a member of a club C. The man wants to show off his experience to Betty. 听第8段材料，回答第12至14小题。 12. With whom will the woman go to New York City? A. Herself. B. The man’s friend. C. Her friend. 13. How will the woman go to New York? A. By car. B. By plane. C. By train. 14. What do the woman and Laura have in common? A. They both enjoy traveling. B. They’re both teenagers. C. They’re both interested in music. 听第9段材料，回答第15至17小题。 15. What happened to the woman? A. She was robbed. B. She missed the train. C. She was arrested （逮捕） by the policeman. 16. Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. In the street. B. In the office. C. On the underground train. 17. What conclusion can we get from the conversation? A. Two passengers caught the robber. B. The conductor caught the robber. C. A policeman caught the robber. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20小题。 18. Who found the toy from the junk yard? A. Dickey. B. Xu Jiao’s father. C. Dickey’s father. 19. When is Xu Jiao’s birthday? A. On August 21. B. On August 5. C. On April 21. 20. What do we know about Xu Jiao from the talk? A. She lived a poor life. B. She played a boy in the movie. C. She was born in Hong Kong. 第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Alabama: Priester’s Pecans Dessert in the South basically starts and ends with an ooey-gooey pecan(核桃) pie. Especially in Alabama, where the pecan is the official state nut. While there are plenty of farms that pick and package pecans, perhaps the most famous is Priester’s, a family-run business that’s been supplying Alabama with its favorite nuts for over seven decades. Alaska: Salmon jerky Forget beef jerky(肉干)—in Alaska, it’s all about the salmon jerky. Home to five different species of the flavorful fish (king, red, pink, silver, and chum), the northernmost state produces nearly one-third of the wild salmon consumed around the world. Bonus: Salmon is one of the seven healthiest fish you can eat. Arizona: Saguaro cactus The largest cactus(仙人掌) in the United States, the saguaro cactus is found only in Arizona’s Sonoran Desert. Living to be up to 200 years old, the cacti, whose flower is also the state’s flower, are generally around 30 feet tall and can grow unlimited arms. Want to see for yourself? Visit one of these 10 outstanding desert escapes in America. California: Wine Guide It isn’t called “Wine Country” for no reason. Northern California, specifically Napa Valley and Sonoma Valley, produce over 60,000 registered wine labels, making vino(酒类产品) the state’s most valuable agricultural product. If you’re looking for the most popular varietals(优质酿酒葡萄汁), the top two frequently planted grapes are chardonnay and cabernet sauvignon. 1. How long has the Priester’s farm lasted? A. About 7 years. B. About 30 years. C. About 70 years. D. About 200 years. 2. Which state is famous for salmon? A. Alaska. B. Arizona. C. Alabama. D. California. 3. Where does the text probably come from? A. A library guide. B. A news report. C. A project handbook. D. A travel guide. B My wife and I were at a crowded grocery store not long ago. It was a weekday evening, cold and wet and tense. People were carelessly blocking aisles, complaining and cutting one another off with their carts. Things got worse at the checkout line. The cashier scanned a man’s discount card but he misread the savings on her screen as an additional charge. He decided she was acting deliberately and began to argue. “She is being spiteful (恶意的) !” he yelled. “This is unbelievable.” Other customers looked away as the cashier tried to reason with him. She called a manager, who accompanied him to customer service. Shaken, she moved to the next customer in line. We’ve all witnessed uncomfortable scenes like this in public places. The grocery scene was another example of how our trust in others has eroded. But it was also a teachable moment on how we can rebuild our faith-starting with just one person. Back at the grocery store, my wife and I reached our uneasy cashier. I grabbed a bottle of water from a nearby cooler and handed it to her. “We felt bad about how that man treated you and wanted to buy this for you.” I said. Her face lit up, and we talked as she scanned our items. She told us she had been working that evening through severe foot pain and would be having surgery later that week. We wished her well in her recovery, and she thanked us as we left. Those are the balancing acts, the moments of responding social and emotional pain with healing, which will add up to restore trust among people. You can start that pattern in someone else’s life, even in a place as ordinary as the neighborhood grocery store. 4. Why did the man at the checkout line argue with the cashier? A. The cashier called a manager to help her. B. Someone jumped the queue waiting to check out. C. There was something wrong with his discount card. D. He believed the cashier charged him more on purpose. 5. The underlined word “eroded” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. A. added B. increased C. faded D. formed 6. The author bought a bottle of water for the cashier because ________. A. he thought the cashier might feel a little bit thirsty B. he knew she had gone through much trouble recently C. he wanted to restore the trust between her and the man D. he wanted to comfort her after the terrible experience just now C When people visit Mogao Caves in Gansu, most of them don’t know the air they breathe out is destroying the paintings they came to see. Others walk round the Potala Palace in Xizang for hours, each step damaging the old floors. Everyone wants to travel around the world, but many people don’t realize the harm that it can do to the environment. Even Antarctica, the last undeveloped place on our planet, is not considered safe. Scientists say that even the few tourists who go there — just 13,500 in the last 10 years — are damaging its natural beauty. Unfortunately, the huge growth in tourism means that this number could have doubled by 2013. Tourism rose by more than 100 percent in the world’s “biodiversity (生物多样性) hotspots” during the 1990s, according to a study by the United Nations Environment Programme. The “biodiversity hotspots” are the 25 rarest and most endangered areas of plant and animal life, covering 1.4 percent of the earth. They include South America’s Andes mountains, a large part of southern Australia, and the mountains of southwest China. The growth of tourism in such areas is due to a rise in “green tourism” and adventure travel, which sees people visit the world’s untouched places. Tourism itself benefits the society by creating jobs and other opportunities for poor farmers. But it is important to find a balance that brings social benefits while protecting environmental and cultural resources. Many people will choose to travel during the long holidays. Do you want to do something to help protect our environment as well as having a good time? Then try to avoid places with big crowds and follow the rules on protecting the environment. 7. It can be inferred from the passage that ______. A. most tourists know they are doing harm to the environment B. only the places of interest in China are badly destroyed C. the damage to the environment is growing worse D. Antarctica isn’t damaged by the tourists 8. The writer thinks that ______. A. better ways can be found to protect environment resources and develop tourism at the same time B. tourism can be further developed because it can benefit the society C. tourism should be forbidden in order to protect the environment D. there is a rise in “green tourism” in the world 9. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. More and more people are choosing to travel. B. Tourism does good to the poor farmers. C. People should help to protect the environment when they are traveling. D. The “biodiversity hotspots” are destroyed by the tourists. 10. From the third paragraph we can infer that ______. A. Antarctica is the only place on earth which has not been touched by tourists B. people will develop Antarctica in ten years C. about 13,500 people go to Antarctica every year D scientists are worried about what is happening in Antarctica D The New Year is a time for celebrations for almost everyone around the world. In Britain, people go to pubs and night-clubs to dance the old year away, and to welcome in the new one at midnight. In recent years, street parties have become more popular. Thousands of people gather in squares, main streets or on the river banks to listen to bands playing and to see fireworks displays. For people who stay at home, most are attracted by the special, live (直播的) New Year shows on TV. They are waiting for the countdown, along with the presenters, from 10 to 1 as the last seconds of the old year tick away and the bells of the New Year are rung. In Scotland people visit their neighbors and drink, dance on New Year’s Eve. If you’re invited to a Scottish home that night, it’s important to know what to bring with you: a lump of coal (煤炭), some shortbread and some whisky. The coal shows warmth, so you’re wishing that the people you visit will have enough heat in the coming year. The shortbread represents food, so you’re hoping that the people will have enough to eat in the New Year. Some Scots call whisky “the water of life”, so when you hand over your bottle to your hosts, it means you want them to have enough to drink over the next 12 months. And there’s one more key task you still have to perform if you can. The first person to knock on a neighbor’s door is supposed to be a tall, dark and handsome man who will bring good luck to the household. But what if that’s not you? Well, don’t ring the bell just yet. Wait a while and the right person is sure to turn up soon! 11. What do visitors mean by taking things to a Scottish home on New Year’s Eve? A. Sharing good food and warmth. B. Sending best wishes for the family. C. Helping those poor families. D. Showing richness and generosity. 12. The tall, dark and handsome man firstly knocking on the neighbor’s door is believed to bring ______. A. good luck B. a bottle of whisky C. some shortbread D. a lump of coal 13. People staying at home till midnight on New Year’s Eve are mostly ______. A. ringing the bells for New Year B. talking with the presenters C. learning to countdown numbers D. enjoying the live TV programs 14. We can infer from the passage that ______. A British people will fire some fireworks in public places to celebrate the New Year. B. street concerts have become more popular on the midnight of the New Year Eve. C. British people hate to think of the old year and wish to dance it away quickly. D. people will stay at home doing nothing but wait for the bell of the New Year to ring. 15. Which of the following is NOT true? A. British people celebrate the New Year in different ways. B. Many people would be waiting for the countdown. C. Scots don’t invite others home on New Year’s Eve. D. Street parties have been people’s favorites recently. 第二节 七选五（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 To help you understand what 5G is, and what it means to you, we’ve put together a handy guide here. What is 5G? ___16___At its most basic level 5G will be used to make calls, send texts, and to simply get online. But it’s going to be significantly faster than previous generations, and could open the door up to a range of exciting new uses. ___17___ 5G will use new higher radio frequencies to send out data, which are less cluttered (挤了) and carry information much faster. While these higher bands are faster, they don’t carry information as far. That’s to say, smaller multiple input and output antennas (天线) will be used—promoting both signals and capacity (容量).___18___ Why is it better than 4G? 5G is expected to be faster than 4G, with some firms claiming it could be as much as 100 times quicker. The fastest 4G networks can deliver peak download speeds of around 300 Mbit/s.___19___In real life, this could allow you to download a full HD film in less than 10 seconds! ___20___It means there will be very little—if any—delay when you carry out tasks on a device. While this will help improve things like gaming experiences, it could also pave the way for safer self-driving cars—in which even a short delay could be life-saving. Finally, 5G will have a larger capacity, meaning networks will be able to deal with several apps at once. Generally, this should mean that devices have a faster, more stable connection. A. How does 5G work? B. How will 5G affect you? C. 5G is also expected to have a lower latency. D. 5G is short for “5th generation mobile network.” E. In comparison, 5G could offer download speeds of over 1 Gb/s. F. Therefore, the similarity between 5G and 4G technology is huge. G. This means 5G will support up to 1,000 more devices per meter than 4G. 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A，B，C，D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good ____21____. He makes full ____22____ of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority (权威) as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas ____23____ and makes experiments to prove (证明) them. The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to ____24____ as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to ____25____ that we should learn science by observing and ____26____ on the things around us, and he himself ____27____ many important truths. Galileo (1564—1642), ____28____, who lived more than 300 years later, was the most ____29____ of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important truths could be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more _____30_____ towards the earth than small ones, because Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two _____31_____ stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo’s _____32_____ of going direct to nature, and proving our opinions and theories by experiment, that has _____33_____ all the discoveries of modern science. What makes those people good scientists? From the _____34_____ of Galileo, we know clearly that successful scientists are those _____35_____ observations have produced better results. 21. A. farmer B. observer C. worker D. student 22. A. use B. sense C. speed D. trust 23. A. casually B. quickly C. carefully D. privately 24. A. date B. keep C. look D. come 25. A. command B. suspect C. suggest D. conclude 26. A. casting B. pouring C. experimenting D. applying 27. A. brought B. announced C. handled D. discovered 28. A. but B. however C. though D. therefore 29. A. outstanding B. naughty C. awful D. ordinary 30. A. slowly B. rapidly C. lightly D. heavily 31. A. big B. small C. similar D. unequal 32. A. skill B. spirit C. theory D. wish 33. A. put forward B. turned to C. set up D. led to 34. A. vision B. finding C. shadow D. example 35. A. whose B. how C. what D. which 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cleaning your plate may not help feed hungry children today, but the timeworn (陈旧) advice of mothers everywhere may help reduce food waste from the farm to the fork and make it ____36____(easy) to feed the world's ____37____(grow) population. Hard data is still being collected, but experts in Chicago say that each American ____38____(throw) away 33 pounds of food each month, which means everyone throws away almost 400 pounds of food every year. In richer nations, fruits and vegetables end up in the trash because they aren’t pretty enough ____39____(meet) standards, and have gone bad in a home refrigerator. In developing countries, much food goes wrong ____40____ it gets to the market because of poor roads. But the effect of food waste is far ____41____the kitchen. Agriculture is the world's largest ____42____(consume) of water, a big consumer of energy. No matter ____43____sustainable (可持续的) farming is, if the food is not eaten, it means we don’t make good use of our resources. In ____44____ (real), the resources we could use have decreased ____45____(sharp). All of us have responsibility for it. 第四部分 写作（共两节；满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作（15分） 46. 假设你校英语社团举办以“讲求文明，从我做起”为主题的征文活动，请你以“On the Way to School”为题，写一篇英语短文。 内容主要包括： 1. 遵守交通法规； 2. 注意举止文明。 注意：1. 词数：不少于100词； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3. 短文的题目已为你拟好，不计入总词数。 On the Way to School ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One weekend in July, Jane and her husband, Tom, had driven three hours to camp（野营） by a lake in the forest. Unfortunately, on the way to the lake, they started to quarrel because of some different opinions. By the time they reached the lake, Jane was so angry that she said to Tom, “I'm going to find a better spot（地点） for us to camp”， and walked away. With no path to follow, Jane just walked on for a long time. After she had climbed to a high place, she turned around, hoping to see the lake. To her surprise, she saw nothing but forest and, She suddenly realized that she was lost. “Tom！” she cried.“Help！” No reply. If only she hadn’t left her mobile phone in that bag with Tom. Jane kept moving, as night was beginning to fall, Jane was so tired that she had to stop for the night. Lying awake in the dark, Jane started to miss her husband, Tom. She wanted to tell him how much she loved him. Jane rose(起身) at the break of day（黎明）, hungry and thirsty. She could hear water trickling (滴落) somewhere at a distance. Quickly she followed the sound to a river. To her great joy, she also saw some berry bushes（浆果丛林）. She drank and ate a few berries. Feeling stronger now, Jane began to walk along the river and hope it would lead her to the lake. Fortunately，Jane heard a helicopter（直升飞机）. Is that for me? Unfortunately, the trees made it impossible for people to see her from above. A few minutes later, another helicopter flew overhead. Jane took off her yellow blouse（衬衫）, thinking that she should go to an open area and raised（举起） them if the helicopters came back again. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ It was daybreak when Jane woke up. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 友好学校第八十届期末联考 高二英语 本试卷共四部分，67个小题，共150分，共12页。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，将条形码贴在贴条形码区内。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 3. 回答非选择题时，用黑色碳素笔将答案写在答题卡对应的答题区域，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，写在本试题卷上无效。 4. 保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱、不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。 第一部分 听力理解（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What is the chance of winning the case （案件） for the woman? A. No hope. B. Little hope. C. Very big. 2. What do we know about the woman? A. She would like to go. B. She is free this weekend. C. She doesn’t want to go out with the man. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. A movie. B. A lecture. C. A play. 4. When is the train leaving? A. At 10:30. B. At 10:25. C. At 10:40. 5. Why can’t the man pay at this cashier register? A. It has broken down. B. It has been closed out. C. There is no person in charge. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至8小题。 6. Where is the woman’s husband likely to be now? A. At home. B. At hospital. C. In England. 7. When will the woman probably go back to work? A. This Friday. B. This Monday. C. Next Monday at the latest. 8. How does the woman feel when she is asked to hand over her job to Joe? A. Grateful. B. Worried. C. Disappointed. 听第7段材料，回答第9至11小题。 9. What are the speakers talking about? A. A letter of application. B. Jobs. C. Friends. 10. What suggestion does the woman give for the man’s application? A. He should put his work experience into the first part. B. He should introduce his family in details. C. He should put his education into the first part. 11. What is the aim of the letter of application? A. The man is eager to get a job. B. The man wants to become a member of a club C. The man wants to show off his experience to Betty. 听第8段材料，回答第12至14小题。 12. With whom will the woman go to New York City? A. Herself. B. The man’s friend. C. Her friend. 13. How will the woman go to New York? A. By car. B. By plane. C. By train. 14. What do the woman and Laura have in common? A. They both enjoy traveling. B. They’re both teenagers. C. They’re both interested in music. 听第9段材料，回答第15至17小题。 15. What happened to the woman? A. She was robbed. B. She missed the train. C. She was arrested （逮捕） by the policeman. 16. Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. In the street. B. In the office. C. On the underground train. 17. What conclusion can we get from the conversation? A. Two passengers caught the robber. B. The conductor caught the robber. C. A policeman caught the robber. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20小题。 18. Who found the toy from the junk yard? A. Dickey. B. Xu Jiao’s father. C. Dickey’s father. 19. When is Xu Jiao’s birthday? A. On August 21. B. On August 5. C. On April 21. 20. What do we know about Xu Jiao from the talk? A. She lived a poor life. B. She played a boy in the movie. C. She was born in Hong Kong. 第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Alabama: Priester’s Pecans Dessert in the South basically starts and ends with an ooey-gooey pecan(核桃) pie. Especially in Alabama, where the pecan is the official state nut. While there are plenty of farms that pick and package pecans, perhaps the most famous is Priester’s, a family-run business that’s been supplying Alabama with its favorite nuts for over seven decades. Alaska: Salmon jerky Forget beef jerky(肉干)—in Alaska, it’s all about the salmon jerky. Home to five different species of the flavorful fish (king, red, pink, silver, and chum), the northernmost state produces nearly one-third of the wild salmon consumed around the world. Bonus: Salmon is one of the seven healthiest fish you can eat. Arizona: Saguaro cactus The largest cactus(仙人掌) in the United States, the saguaro cactus is found only in Arizona’s Sonoran Desert. Living to be up to 200 years old, the cacti, whose flower is also the state’s flower, are generally around 30 feet tall and can grow unlimited arms. Want to see for yourself? Visit one of these 10 outstanding desert escapes in America. California: Wine Guide It isn’t called “Wine Country” for no reason. Northern California, specifically Napa Valley and Sonoma Valley, produce over 60,000 registered wine labels, making vino(酒类产品) the state’s most valuable agricultural product. If you’re looking for the most popular varietals(优质酿酒葡萄汁), the top two frequently planted grapes are chardonnay and cabernet sauvignon. 1. How long has the Priester’s farm lasted? A. About 7 years. B. About 30 years. C. About 70 years. D. About 200 years. 2. Which state is famous for salmon? A Alaska. B. Arizona. C. Alabama. D. California. 3. Where does the text probably come from? A. A library guide. B. A news report. C. A project handbook. D. A travel guide. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Alabama、Alaska、Arizona以及California的特产。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“…perhaps the most famous is Priester’s, a family-run business that’s been supplying Alabama with its favorite nuts for over seven decades.”可知，Priester’s是一家家族企业，70多年来一直向阿拉巴马州供应人们最喜爱的山核桃。因此可判断出Priester’s farm已经经营了大约70多年了。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Home to five different species of the flavorful fish, the northernmost state produces nearly one-third of the wild salmon consumed around the world.”可知，这个最北部的州产有五种不同的美味鱼类，全世界消费的野生三文鱼中有三分之一产于阿拉斯加州。因此可知Alaska州以三文鱼而闻名。故选A项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了Alabama、Alaska、Arizona以及California的特产。因此可推断出文章可能选自一本旅游手册。故选D项。 B My wife and I were at a crowded grocery store not long ago. It was a weekday evening, cold and wet and tense. People were carelessly blocking aisles, complaining and cutting one another off with their carts. Things got worse at the checkout line. The cashier scanned a man’s discount card, but he misread the savings on her screen as an additional charge. He decided she was acting deliberately and began to argue. “She is being spiteful (恶意的) !” he yelled. “This is unbelievable.” Other customers looked away as the cashier tried to reason with him. She called a manager, who accompanied him to customer service. Shaken, she moved to the next customer in line. We’ve all witnessed uncomfortable scenes like this in public places. The grocery scene was another example of how our trust in others has eroded. But it was also a teachable moment on how we can rebuild our faith-starting with just one person. Back at the grocery store, my wife and I reached our uneasy cashier. I grabbed a bottle of water from a nearby cooler and handed it to her. “We felt bad about how that man treated you and wanted to buy this for you.” I said. Her face lit up, and we talked as she scanned our items. She told us she had been working that evening through severe foot pain and would be having surgery later that week. We wished her well in her recovery, and she thanked us as we left. Those are the balancing acts, the moments of responding social and emotional pain with healing, which will add up to restore trust among people. You can start that pattern in someone else’s life, even in a place as ordinary as the neighborhood grocery store. 4. Why did the man at the checkout line argue with the cashier? A. The cashier called a manager to help her. B. Someone jumped the queue waiting to check out. C. There was something wrong with his discount card. D. He believed the cashier charged him more on purpose. 5. The underlined word “eroded” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. A. added B. increased C. faded D. formed 6. The author bought a bottle of water for the cashier because ________. A. he thought the cashier might feel a little bit thirsty B. he knew she had gone through much trouble recently C. he wanted to restore the trust between her and the man D. he wanted to comfort her after the terrible experience just now 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和妻子在一个杂货店中遇到了一位男士与收银员争吵，从而发觉人与人之间缺乏信任，而作者和妻子买水安慰收银员，以期重新建立人与人之间的信任。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The cashier scanned a man’s discount card, but he misread the savings on her screen as an additional charge. He decided she was acting deliberately and began to argue.(收银员扫了一名男子的折扣卡，但他误把省下来的钱当成了额外的收费，他认为收银员是故意的，并和她吵了起来。)”可知，他认为收银员是故意多收他的钱。故选D。 【5题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第五段划线词前句“We've all witnessed uncomfortable scenes like this in public places. (我们都在公共场所目睹过这些不愉快的场面。)”可知，而这些不愉快也说明了人与人之间缺乏信任，即彼此之间的信任削弱了。因此，erode与fade同义，意为“逐渐削弱；消失”。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“We felt bad about how that man treated you and wanted to buy this for you.( 我们对那个人那样对待你感到很抱歉，所以想买这个给你。)”可知，作者和妻子对于那个男人对待收银员的方式感到难过，因此给收银员买了一瓶水。由此可推断，他们是想要安慰收银员。故选D。 C When people visit Mogao Caves in Gansu, most of them don’t know the air they breathe out is destroying the paintings they came to see. Others walk round the Potala Palace in Xizang for hours, each step damaging the old floors. Everyone wants to travel around the world, but many people don’t realize the harm that it can do to the environment. Even Antarctica, the last undeveloped place on our planet, is not considered safe. Scientists say that even the few tourists who go there — just 13,500 in the last 10 years — are damaging its natural beauty. Unfortunately, the huge growth in tourism means that this number could have doubled by 2013. Tourism rose by more than 100 percent in the world’s “biodiversity (生物多样性) hotspots” during the 1990s, according to a study by the United Nations Environment Programme. The “biodiversity hotspots” are the 25 rarest and most endangered areas of plant and animal life, covering 1.4 percent of the earth. They include South America’s Andes mountains, a large part of southern Australia, and the mountains of southwest China. The growth of tourism in such areas is due to a rise in “green tourism” and adventure travel which sees people visit the world’s untouched places. Tourism itself benefits the society by creating jobs and other opportunities for poor farmers. But it is important to find a balance that brings social benefits while protecting environmental and cultural resources. Many people will choose to travel during the long holidays. Do you want to do something to help protect our environment as well as having a good time? Then try to avoid places with big crowds and follow the rules on protecting the environment. 7. It can be inferred from the passage that ______. A. most tourists know they are doing harm to the environment B. only the places of interest in China are badly destroyed C. the damage to the environment is growing worse D. Antarctica isn’t damaged by the tourists 8. The writer thinks that ______. A. better ways can be found to protect environment resources and develop tourism at the same time B. tourism can be further developed because it can benefit the society C. tourism should be forbidden in order to protect the environment D. there is a rise in “green tourism” in the world 9. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. More and more people are choosing to travel. B. Tourism does good to the poor farmers. C People should help to protect the environment when they are traveling. D. The “biodiversity hotspots” are destroyed by the tourists. 10. From the third paragraph we can infer that ______. A. Antarctica is the only place on earth which has not been touched by tourists B. people will develop Antarctica in ten years C. about 13,500 people go to Antarctica every year D. scientists are worried about what is happening in Antarctica 【答案】7. C 8. A 9. C 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出旅游业增长对全球脆弱环境造成的破坏日益严重，呼吁旅行者在享受旅程的同时，主动避免拥挤区域并遵守环保规则，以实现旅游发展与生态保护的平衡。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“When people visit Mogao Caves in Gansu, most of them don’t know the air they breathe out is destroying the paintings they came to see. Others walk round the Potala Palace in Xizang for hours, each step damaging the old floors. (当人们游览甘肃的莫高窟时，大多数人都不知道他们呼出的气体正在破坏他们前来观赏的壁画。还有些人会在西藏的布达拉宫里漫步数小时，每走一步都会损坏古老的地面。)”和第三段中“Unfortunately, the huge growth in tourism means that this number could have doubled by 2013. (不幸的是，旅游业的迅猛发展意味着到2013年这一数字可能会翻一番。)”可知，旅游业对莫高窟、布达拉宫等地造成破坏，旅游业的迅猛发展使南极游客数量可能翻倍，这暗示环境破坏正变得越来越严重。故选C项。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第七段中“But it is important to find a balance that brings social benefits while protecting environmental and cultural resources. (但重要的是要找到一种既能带来社会效益又能保护环境和文化资源的平衡点。)”可推知，作者认为，可以找到更好的方式在保护环境资源的同时发展旅游业。故选A项。 【9题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Everyone wants to travel around the world, but many people don’t realize the harm that it can do to the environment. (每个人都渴望环游世界，但很多人并未意识到这种行为会对环境造成何种损害。)”和最后一段“Many people will choose to travel during the long holidays. Do you want to do something to help protect our environment as well as having a good time? Then try to avoid places with big crowds and follow the rules on protecting the environment. (许多人在长假期间会选择出游。你是否也想做些事情来帮助保护我们的环境，同时又能享受一番快乐呢？那么就尽量避开人多拥挤的地方，并遵守保护环境的相关规定吧。)”可知，文章探讨旅游业增长对全球脆弱环境造成的破坏日益严重的问题，并引导游客在旅行中主动保护环境，以实现旅游发展与生态保护的平衡。因此，文章主要讨论人们在旅行中应帮助保护环境。故选C项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Scientists say that even the few tourists who go there — just 13,500 in the last 10 years — are damaging its natural beauty. (科学家们表示，即便前往那里的游客数量也很少——在过去十年里仅有13500人次——但他们的行为仍在破坏那里的自然美景。)”可知，科学家指出少量前往南极的游客也会造成破坏。由此推断，科学家对南极正在发生的情况感到担忧。故选D项。 D The New Year is a time for celebrations for almost everyone around the world. In Britain, people go to pubs and night-clubs to dance the old year away, and to welcome in the new one at midnight. In recent years, street parties have become more popular. Thousands of people gather in squares, main streets or on the river banks to listen to bands playing and to see fireworks displays. For people who stay at home, most are attracted by the special, live (直播的) New Year shows on TV. They are waiting for the countdown, along with the presenters, from 10 to 1 as the last seconds of the old year tick away and the bells of the New Year are rung. In Scotland people visit their neighbors and drink, dance on New Year’s Eve. If you’re invited to a Scottish home that night, it’s important to know what to bring with you: a lump of coal (煤炭), some shortbread and some whisky. The coal shows warmth, so you’re wishing that the people you visit will have enough heat in the coming year. The shortbread represents food, so you’re hoping that the people will have enough to eat in the New Year. Some Scots call whisky “the water of life”, so when you hand over your bottle to your hosts, it means you want them to have enough to drink over the next 12 months. And there’s one more key task you still have to perform if you can. The first person to knock on a neighbor’s door is supposed to be a tall, dark and handsome man who will bring good luck to the household. But what if that’s not you? Well, don’t ring the bell just yet. Wait a while and the right person is sure to turn up soon! 11. What do visitors mean by taking things to a Scottish home on New Year’s Eve? A. Sharing good food and warmth. B. Sending best wishes for the family. C. Helping those poor families. D. Showing richness and generosity. 12. The tall, dark and handsome man firstly knocking on the neighbor’s door is believed to bring ______. A. good luck B. a bottle of whisky C. some shortbread D. a lump of coal 13. People staying at home till midnight on New Year’s Eve are mostly ______. A. ringing the bells for New Year B. talking with the presenters C. learning to countdown numbers D. enjoying the live TV programs 14. We can infer from the passage that ______. A. British people will fire some fireworks in public places to celebrate the New Year. B. street concerts have become more popular on the midnight of the New Year Eve. C. British people hate to think of the old year and wish to dance it away quickly. D. people will stay at home doing nothing but wait for the bell of the New Year to ring. 15. Which of the following is NOT true? A. British people celebrate the New Year in different ways. B. Many people would be waiting for the countdown. C. Scots don’t invite others home on New Year’s Eve. D. Street parties have been people’s favorites recently. 【答案】11. B 12. A 13. D 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了在英国人们庆祝新年的活动，着重介绍了在苏格兰新年夜拜访亲朋好友的习俗。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Some Scots call whisky “the water of life”, so when you hand over your bottle to your hosts, it means you want them to have enough to drink over the next 12 months.(一些苏格兰人把威士忌称为“生命之水”，所以当你把酒瓶递给主人时，这意味着你希望他们接下来的12个月里能一直有酒喝)”可知，客人带东西到苏格兰人家里表示给这家人送上最好的祝愿，故选B。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The first person to knock on a neighbor’s door is supposed to be a tall, dark and handsome man who will bring good luck to the household.(第一个敲邻居家门的人应该是一位身材高大、肤色黝黑且相貌英俊的男子，他会为这个家庭带来好运)”可知，高高的、又黑又帅的男人第一次敲开邻居家的门是为了带来好运。故选A。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“For people who stay at home, most are attracted by the special, live (直播的) New Year shows on TV.(对于那些宅在家里的人来说，他们大多会被电视上那些别具特色的、现场直播的新年节目所吸引)”可知，人们在新年夜待在家里直到午夜，大多是欣赏电视直播节目。故选D。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Thousands of people gather in squares, main streets or on the river banks to listen to bands playing and to see fireworks displays.(成千上万的人聚集在广场、主要街道或者河岸边，聆听乐队演奏，观看烟花表演)”可知，人们庆祝新年的活动除了欣赏乐队演奏外，还可以欣赏烟花，由此推断人们会在公共场合燃放烟花以示庆祝，故选A。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“If you’re invited to a Scottish home that night, it’s important to know what to bring with you: a lump of coal (煤炭), some shortbread and some whisky.(如果当晚你受邀前往苏格兰人家做客，那么你务必要清楚自己应该带些什么去：一块煤、一些曲奇饼以及一些威士忌)”可知，C选项“苏格兰人新年夜不会邀请他人到自己家做客”不正确。故选C。 第二节 七选五（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 To help you understand what 5G is, and what it means to you, we’ve put together a handy guide here. What is 5G? ___16___At its most basic level, 5G will be used to make calls, send texts, and to simply get online. But it’s going to be significantly faster than previous generations, and could open the door up to a range of exciting new uses. ___17___ 5G will use new higher radio frequencies to send out data, which are less cluttered (挤了) and carry information much faster. While these higher bands are faster, they don’t carry information as far. That’s to say, smaller multiple input and output antennas (天线) will be used—promoting both signals and capacity (容量).___18___ Why is it better than 4G? 5G is expected to be faster than 4G, with some firms claiming it could be as much as 100 times quicker. The fastest 4G networks can deliver peak download speeds of around 300 Mbit/s.___19___In real life, this could allow you to download a full HD film in less than 10 seconds! ___20___It means there will be very little—if any—delay when you carry out tasks on a device. While this will help improve things like gaming experiences, it could also pave the way for safer self-driving cars—in which even a short delay could be life-saving. Finally, 5G will have a larger capacity, meaning networks will be able to deal with several apps at once. Generally, this should mean that devices have a faster, more stable connection. A. How does 5G work? B. How will 5G affect you? C. 5G is also expected to have a lower latency. D. 5G is short for “5th generation mobile network.” E. In comparison, 5G could offer download speeds of over 1 Gb/s. F. Therefore, the similarity between 5G and 4G technology is huge. G. This means 5G will support up to 1,000 more devices per meter than 4G. 【答案】16. D 17. A 18. G 19. E 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要描述了一个方便的指南告诉读者5G是什么，它对你意味着什么。 【16题详解】 根据下文“At its most basic level, 5G will be used to make calls, send texts, and to simply get online. (在最基本的层面上，5G将用于拨打电话，发送短信以及简单地上网。)”并结合小标题“What is 5G?(什么是5G)”可知，本段主要内容是5G的概念，D项5G is short for “5th generation mobile network.”(5G是“第五代移动网络”的缩写)与上下文一致，符合文意。故选D项。 【17题详解】 根据下文“5G will use new higher radio frequencies to send out data, which are less cluttered(挤了)and carry information much faster. (5G将使用新的更高无线电频率来发送数据，这些数据不那么混乱，并且传输信息的速度要快得多。)”可知，本段内容与5G的工作原理有关，A项How does 5G work?(5G如何运作？)可以作为本段小标题。故选A项。 【18题详解】 根据上文“That’s to say, smaller multiple input and output antennas (天线) will be used—promoting both signals and capacity(容量).(也就是说，更小的多输入和输出天线将被应用——提升信号质量和容量。)”可知，空处内容与这种天线所带来的优势有关，G项This means 5G will support up to 1,000 more devices per meter than 4G.(这意味着5G每米将比4G多支持多达1，000个设备。)与上下文一致，this指代上文内容，符合文意。故选G项。 【19题详解】 根据上文“The fastest 4G networks can deliver peak download speeds of around 300 Mbit/s.(快的4G网络可以提供约300 Mbit/s的峰值下载速度。)”可知，4G速度快，但是5G速度会更快，空处要与4G的网络速度对比来说明5G的网络速度，所以E项In comparison, 5G could offer download speeds of over 1 Gb/s.(相比之下，5G可以提供超过1Gb/s的下载速度)与上下文一致，符合语境。故选E项。 【20题详解】 根据下文“It means there will be very little—if any—delay when you carry out tasks on a device.(这意味着当您在设备上执行任务时，几乎没有延迟。)”可知，当你在设备上执行任务时，即使有延迟，也会非常小，空处与下文为解释说明关系，说明5G有较低的延迟性，C项5G is also expected to have a lower latency.(预计5G的延迟也会更低。)与上下文一致， lower latency与delay为前后呼应。故选C项。 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A，B，C，D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good ____21____. He makes full ____22____ of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority (权威) as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas ____23____ and makes experiments to prove (证明) them. The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to ____24____ as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to ____25____ that we should learn science by observing and ____26____ on the things around us, and he himself ____27____ many important truths. Galileo (1564—1642), ____28____, who lived more than 300 years later, was the most ____29____ of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important truths could be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more _____30_____ towards the earth than small ones, because Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two _____31_____ stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo’s _____32_____ of going direct to nature, and proving our opinions and theories by experiment, that has _____33_____ all the discoveries of modern science. What makes those people good scientists? From the _____34_____ of Galileo, we know clearly that successful scientists are those _____35_____ observations have produced better results. 21. A. farmer B. observer C. worker D. student 22. A. use B. sense C. speed D. trust 23. A. casually B. quickly C. carefully D. privately 24. A. date B. keep C. look D. come 25. A. command B. suspect C. suggest D. conclude 26. A. casting B. pouring C. experimenting D. applying 27. A. brought B. announced C. handled D. discovered 28. A. but B. however C. though D. therefore 29. A. outstanding B. naughty C. awful D. ordinary 30. A. slowly B. rapidly C. lightly D. heavily 31. A. big B. small C. similar D. unequal 32. A. skill B. spirit C. theory D. wish 33. A. put forward B. turned to C. set up D. led to 34. A. vision B. finding C. shadow D. example 35. A. whose B. how C. what D. which 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. B 33. D 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过伽利略等科学家的例子说明，成功的科学家是那些善于观察、基于事实进行实验并敢于挑战权威的人，这种精神推动了现代科学的重大发现。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一名成功的科学家通常是一个出色的观察者。A. farmer农民；B. observer观察者；C. worker工人；D. student学生。根据下文“he observes”可知，成功的科学家通常是出色的观察者，此处是observes的同根词复现。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他会充分利用自己所观察到的事实。A. use使用；B. sense感觉；C. speed速度；D. trust信任。根据上文“makes full”和下文“of the facts”可知，此处用固定短语make full use of表示“充分利用”，说明“充分利用自己所观察到的事实”。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他会仔细检查各种观点，并通过实验来加以证明。A. casually随意地；B. quickly快速地；C. carefully仔细地；D. privately私下地。根据下文“makes experiments to prove (证明) them”可知，他会通过实验来加以证明，说明是仔细检查各种观点。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现代科学的兴起也许可以追溯到罗杰·培根的时代，他是牛津的杰出哲学家，生活在1214年到1292年之间。A. date确定年代；B. keep保持；C. look看；D. come来。根据上文“The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to”和下文“as far back as the time of Roger Bacon”可知，此处回顾现代科学兴起的历史，固定短语date back“追溯至”符合题意，表示“追溯到罗杰·培根的时代”。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪首位提出我们应该通过观察和对周围事物进行实验来学习科学的人，而且他自己还发现了许多重要的真理。A. command命令；B. suspect怀疑；C. suggest提议；D. conclude推断。根据下文“that we should learn science by observing and ____6____ on the things around us”可知，培根提出我们应该通过观察来学习科学，后面的that从句用了虚拟语气。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪首位提出我们应该通过观察和对周围事物进行实验来学习科学的人，而且他自己还发现了许多重要的真理。A. casting铸造；B. pouring倾倒；C. experimenting实验；D. applying应用。根据上文“makes experiments to prove (证明) them”可知，我们应该通过观察和对周围事物进行实验来学习科学，此处是experiments的同词复现。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪首位提出我们应该通过观察和对周围事物进行实验来学习科学的人，而且他自己还发现了许多重要的真理。A. brought带来；B. announced宣布；C. handled处理；D. discovered发现。根据下文“many important truths”可知，身为科学家的培根自己也发现了许多重要的真理。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查连词/副词词义辨析。句意：然而，比他晚300多年的伽利略（1564至1642年）则是意大利、法国、德国和英国几位伟大人物中的杰出代表，他开始展示通过逐步观察可以发现多少重要的真理。A. but但是；B. however然而；C. though尽管；D. therefore因此。上一段介绍现代科学兴起于培根，本段转而介绍300多年后的伽利略，且空处前后均有逗号，因此用副词however“然而”衔接。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，比他晚300多年的伽利略（1564至1642年）则是意大利、法国、德国和英国几位伟大人物中的杰出代表，他开始展示通过逐步观察可以发现多少重要的真理。A. outstanding杰出的；B. naughty顽皮的；C. awful糟糕的；D. ordinary普通的。根据下文“who began to show how many important truths could be discovered by observation by degrees”可知，伽利略开始展示通过逐步观察可以发现多少重要的真理，是几位伟大人物中的杰出代表。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在伽利略之前，有学识的人们一直认为较大的物体比较小的物体向地球下落的速度更快，这是因为亚里士多德这么说的。A. slowly缓慢地；B. rapidly迅速地；C. lightly轻轻地；D. heavily沉重地。根据上文“large bodies fell”和下文“towards the earth than small ones”可知，在科学证实以前，有学识的人们认为较大的物体比较小的物体向地球下落的速度更快。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但伽利略登上比萨斜塔的顶端，将两块重量不同的石块同时扔下，从而证明了亚里士多德的观点是错误的。A. big大的；B. small小的；C. similar相似的；D. unequal不相等的。根据上文“large bodies fell more ____10____ towards the earth than small ones”可知，人们之前认为物体下落的速度与其质量相关，因此伽利略做实验时是将两块重量不同的石块同时扔下。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是伽利略那种直接投身于自然、通过实验来验证我们的观点和理论的精神，才促成了现代科学的所有重大发现。A. skill技能；B. spirit精神；C. theory理论；D. wish愿望。根据下文“going direct to nature, and proving our opinions and theories by experiment”可知，直接投身于自然、通过实验来验证观点和理论是伽利略身上的宝贵精神。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：正是伽利略那种直接投身于自然、通过实验来验证我们的观点和理论的精神，才促成了现代科学的所有重大发现。A. put forward提出；B. turned to转向；C. set up建立；D. led to促使。根据下文“all the discoveries of modern science”可知，伽利略身上的科学品质促成了现代科学的所有重大发现。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从伽利略的例子中，我们清楚地知道，成功的科学家是那些通过观察获得了更佳结果的人。A. vision视野；B. finding发现；C. shadow影子；D. example例子。根据下文“of Galileo”可知，此处指前一段介绍的伽利略的例子。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查关系词辨析。句意：从伽利略的例子中，我们清楚地知道，成功的科学家是那些通过观察获得了更佳结果的人。A. whose谁的；B. how如何；C. what什么；D. which哪个。根据下文“observations have produced better results”可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，先行词指人，在从句中作定语，和observations之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。故选A。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cleaning your plate may not help feed hungry children today, but the timeworn (陈旧的) advice of mothers everywhere may help reduce food waste from the farm to the fork and make it ____36____(easy) to feed the world's ____37____(grow) population. Hard data is still being collected, but experts in Chicago say that each American ____38____(throw) away 33 pounds of food each month, which means everyone throws away almost 400 pounds of food every year. In richer nations, fruits and vegetables end up in the trash because they aren’t pretty enough ____39____(meet) standards, and have gone bad in a home refrigerator. In developing countries, much food goes wrong ____40____ it gets to the market because of poor roads. But the effect of food waste is far ____41____the kitchen. Agriculture is the world's largest ____42____(consume) of water, a big consumer of energy. No matter ____43____sustainable (可持续的) farming is, if the food is not eaten, it means we don’t make good use of our resources. In ____44____ (real), the resources we could use have decreased ____45____(sharp). All of us have responsibility for it. 【答案】36. easier 37. growing 38. throws 39. to meet 40. before 41. from 42. consumption 43. how 44. reality 45. sharply 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了食物浪费的现象和影响，指出我们每个人都有责任利用好我们的资源。 【36题详解】 考查比较级。句意：清空你的盘子也许不能帮助今天饥饿的孩子们吃饱，但是世界各地母亲们的陈旧建议可能有助于减少从农场到餐桌的食物浪费，并使得养活世界上不断增长的人口更容易。根据make it可知此处要用形容词作宾语补足语，且由句意可知要用形容词的比较级。故填easier。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：清空你的盘子也许不能帮助今天饥饿的孩子们吃饱，但是世界各地母亲们的陈旧建议可能有助于减少从农场到餐桌的食物浪费，并使得养活世界上不断增长的人口更容易。修饰名词population要用形容词作定语。故填growing。 【38题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：确凿的数据仍在收集中，但芝加哥的专家说，每个美国人每月扔掉33磅食物，这意味着每个人每年扔掉近400磅食物。分析句子可知，此处是that引导的宾语从句的谓语，主语是each American，根据each month可知时态是一般现在时，此处要用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填throws。 【39题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：在富裕国家，水果和蔬菜最终会被扔进垃圾桶，因为它们不够漂亮，不符合标准，在家用冰箱里变质了。分析可知，此处为固定用法：adj.+ enough+ to do sth.“足够……可以做某事”。故填to meet。 【40题详解】 考查连词。句意：在发展中国家，很多食物在进入市场之前就因为道路不通畅而变质了。根据句子it gets to the market可知此处要用表示时间的连词before，引导时间状语从句。故填before。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：但食物浪费的影响远不止厨房。固定短语far from“远离，远非，完全不”。故填from。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：农业是世界上最大的水消耗，也是最大的能源消耗。根据the world's largest可知此处要用名词，此处consumption是不可数名词。故填consumption。 【43题详解】 考查连词。句意：无论农业的可持续性如何，如果食物没有被吃掉，就意味着我们没有很好地利用我们的资源。根据形容词sustainable可知此处要用连词how，no matter how“不管怎样，无论如何”。故填how。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：事实上，我们可以使用的资源已经急剧减少。固定短语in reality“实际上，事实上”。故填reality。 【45题详解】 考查副词。句意：事实上，我们可以使用的资源已经急剧减少。此处要用副词修饰谓语动词have decreased。故填sharply。 第四部分 写作（共两节；满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作（15分） 46. 假设你校英语社团举办以“讲求文明，从我做起”为主题的征文活动，请你以“On the Way to School”为题，写一篇英语短文。 内容主要包括： 1. 遵守交通法规； 2. 注意举止文明。 注意：1. 词数：不少于100词； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3. 短文的题目已为你拟好，不计入总词数。 On the Way to School ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： On the Way to School These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment. Changing this situation requires considerable effort on the part of everyone. As for me, it should start on the way to school. I will keep traffic rules in mind. If I ride a bicycle, I’ll always keep to the right and never cross a road until the traffic light turns green. If I walk, I’ll never forget to use the pedestrian crossing. Meanwhile, I’ll regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy. Not only will I keep from littering and spitting anywhere, I will also help clean up the roadside litter. I hope my behavior will make a difference. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生参与校英语社团举办的征文活动，讨论去学校路上的文明行为，需包含遵守交通法规和注意举止文明两个方面。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 引起：cause→induce, prompt 需要：require→call for, demand 记得：keep sth. in mind→bear sth. in mind 把……视作……：regard...as...→view...as... 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment. 拓展句：These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, which causes serious harm to life and the environment. 【点睛】[高分句型1] If I ride a bicycle, I’ll always keep to the right and never cross a road until the traffic light turns green. (运用了If引导条件状语从句、until引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2] Not only will I keep from littering and spitting anywhere, I will also help clean up the roadside litter. (运用了Not only置于句首引起部分倒装) 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One weekend in July, Jane and her husband, Tom, had driven three hours to camp（野营） by a lake in the forest. Unfortunately, on the way to the lake, they started to quarrel because of some different opinions. By the time they reached the lake, Jane was so angry that she said to Tom, “I'm going to find a better spot（地点） for us to camp”， and walked away. With no path to follow, Jane just walked on for a long time. After she had climbed to a high place, she turned around, hoping to see the lake. To her surprise, she saw nothing but forest and, She suddenly realized that she was lost. “Tom！” she cried.“Help！” No reply. If only she hadn’t left her mobile phone in that bag with Tom. Jane kept moving, as night was beginning to fall, Jane was so tired that she had to stop for the night. Lying awake in the dark, Jane started to miss her husband, Tom. She wanted to tell him how much she loved him. Jane rose(起身) at the break of day（黎明）, hungry and thirsty. She could hear water trickling (滴落) somewhere at a distance. Quickly she followed the sound to a river. To her great joy, she also saw some berry bushes（浆果丛林）. She drank and ate a few berries. Feeling stronger now, Jane began to walk along the river and hope it would lead her to the lake. Fortunately，Jane heard a helicopter（直升飞机）. Is that for me? Unfortunately, the trees made it impossible for people to see her from above. A few minutes later, another helicopter flew overhead. Jane took off her yellow blouse（衬衫）, thinking that she should go to an open area and raised（举起） them if the helicopters came back again. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ It was daybreak when Jane woke up. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文： But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. Jane was so tired, hungry, and extremely frightened. She thought to herself, “If only I had not quarrelled with Tom. Where is Tom? He must have made the emergency call. What I need is enough courage. If I continue my spirits tomorrow, I will be likely to guide the helicopter.” Lying beside the river, she fell asleep very soon. Suddenly, she heard the shouts of tigers, which made her scared to death. After she held her breath for a few minutes, everything was quiet again. In the terrible darkness, she slept again. It was daybreak when Jane woke up. She caught sight of a fisherman at a distance, with whose help she climbed to an open area. To her great joy, a helicopter flew overhead just at that moment. The fisherman helped flag her yellow blouse wildly. This did catch the rescuers' attention! Jane was rescued. Seeing Tom, she told him how much she missed him. Never would they be away from each other. Tom gave her the warmest and longest hug she had ever received. 【解析】 【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了七月的一个周末，Jane和她的丈夫Tom在森林露营，因为一个不愉快的话题，两夫妻引起了争吵，Jane擅自走开，最后迷失在森林里，经过惊心动魄的夜晚，Jane最终被成功营救的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“但是没有更多的直升机来了，天又黑了。”可知，第一段可描写Jane要在森林里熬过一个艰难的夜晚了。 ②由第二段首句内容“Jane醒来时天已破晓。”可知，第二段可描写Jane最终成功被营救的经历。 2.续写线索：等救援——后悔——睡觉——天亮后——帮助——成功 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①看见：catch sight of /look at/see ②吸引救援人员注意力：catch the rescuers' attention /draw the rescuers’ attention ③帮助：help/assist/aid 情绪类 ①害怕的：frightened /scared/afraid ②疯狂地：wildly /crazily/madly 【点睛】[高分句型1]Lying beside the river, she fell asleep very soon.（现在分词lying做伴随状语） [高分句型2]Never would they be away from each other.（副词Never表否定，位于句首句子用部分倒装） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $