专题03 阅读理解之推理判断题（复习讲义）（江苏专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题03 阅读理解之推理判断题 目 录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02·时空导航·网络构建 3 03·题型通关·靶向突破 3 考点一 题型破解 3 文体特点 1.记叙文：结合人物行为、情节发展，推断人物性格、情感及情节隐含意义；关注开头结尾的情感倾向；2.说明文：根据说明对象的特征、用途、研究成果，推断作者观点、说明目的及技术影响；关注数据与结论的关联；3.议论文：通过论点、论据、论证过程，推断作者核心观点、立场及论证目的；关注转折、总结性语句；4.应用文：基于文本细节（如活动时间、要求、目的），推断隐含信息（如适用人群、活动意义） 选项规律 干扰项特征：原文复述、过度解读、逻辑矛盾、无中生有 考点二 解题要点 4 题型 1.细节推理题；2.观点态度推理；3.主旨推理；4.结论推理 04·优题精选·练能提分 13 题型 考查形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 阅读理解之推理判断题 ☑选择题 □非选择题 3-4题（占阅读理解30%左右） 2-4题（占阅读理解25%-30%） 3-5题（占阅读理解30%-35%） 考情分析 一、命题特点分析 1.语篇类型丰富，多为说明文、记叙文，贴近学生生活与社会热点，主题聚焦环保、科技、人文故事； 2.新增主旨推理题型，侧重细节推理与观点态度推理，占比超60%；，需结合上下文逻辑，排除表面信息干扰。 2.对逻辑衔接词的依赖度提升，需通过衔接词判断因果、转折关系; 3.注重考查学生对隐含信息的挖掘能力，避免过度解读。 二、命题思路总结 1.语篇偏好：记叙文（人文故事、成长经历）、说明文（科技发明、环保措施）为高频载体，议论文偶有涉及，应用文推理多聚焦细节指向。 2.考查维度：细节推理（占比最高，约55%）、观点态度推理（20%）、主旨推理（15%）、结论推理（10%），无情节预测类推理题。 3.核心素养：侧重考查语言运用能力与逻辑思维能力，要求学生能基于文本信息进行合理推断，同时兼顾文化意识（如中外文化差异、传统习俗）。 命题预测 一、主题预测 科技类：人工智能、医疗突破、环保技术（如2025苏州卷脑脊髓芯片话题）； 人文类：跨文化交流、社区互助、传统文化传承（如2025苏州卷茶屋文化、2023南通卷古琴文化）； 成长类：勇气培养、友谊互助、责任担当（如2025苏州卷Roy保护猫头鹰故事、2023南京卷Ryan骑行比赛经历）。 二、题型预测 细节推理仍为核心考点，题量保持3题左右； 观点态度推理可能结合议论文或夹叙夹议文考查，需关注作者情感倾向词； 主旨推理题量或小幅增加，侧重对全文逻辑的把控。 考点一 题型破解 一、文体特点 文体类型 推理判断题的侧重 真题示例 记叙文 结合人物行为、情节发展，推断人物性格、情感及情节隐含意义；关注开头结尾的情感倾向 2025苏州卷D篇（Roy保护猫头鹰）：推断Roy的性格特点与作者写作意图 说明文 根据说明对象的特征、用途、研究成果，推断作者观点、说明目的及技术影响；关注数据与结论的关联 2025苏州卷C篇（脑脊髓芯片）：推断芯片的作用及作者对技术的态度 议论文 通过论点、论据、论证过程，推断作者核心观点、立场及论证目的；关注转折、总结性语句 2023南京卷B篇（蝴蝶保护）：推断作者对蝴蝶保护的态度及呼吁方向 应用文 基于文本细节（如活动时间、要求、目的），推断隐含信息（如适用人群、活动意义） 2025南京卷A篇（志愿者招募）：推断不同志愿者岗位的隐含要求 二、选项规律 选项类型 释义 正确选项 1. 基于文本细节，经合理推理得出；2. 与语篇主旨、逻辑一致；3. 语言表述委婉（多含may、probably、might等词）。 干扰项（原文复述） 直接引用文本中的表面信息，无需推断，易误导学生混淆“陈述”与“推理”。 干扰项（过度解读） 超出文本信息范围，添加个人主观想象，虽看似合理但无文本依据。 干扰项（逻辑矛盾） 与文本细节或主旨相悖，需通过核对原文排除。 干扰项（无中生有） 选项内容在文本中无任何对应细节，完全为主观捏造。 考点二 解题要点 一、细节推理 1. 考查角度 该题型的考查核心围绕文本中的具体细节展开，这些细节涵盖人物的行为动作、语言态度、事件的起因经过、数据信息、时间节点、场景特征等显性内容，要求考生据此推断出隐含的时间、地点、人物目的、事件结果、作者态度、逻辑关系等隐性信息。从真题命题规律来看，此类题型在推理判断题中占比可达60%以上，是中考英语阅读的重点考查内容。解题的核心前提是精准定位细节在文本中的出处，避免因定位偏差导致推理失误，同时需细致梳理细节间的逻辑关联，明确显性信息与隐性信息的推导关系，杜绝脱离细节的主观猜测。 2. 解题步骤 细节推理题的解题需遵循“定位—分析—筛选—验证”的闭环流程，每一步都有明确的实操要点，具体如下： 第一步，题干定位，精准锁定细节范围。拿到题干后，需快速提取题干中的关键信息，包括核心名词、动词、形容词、逻辑连接词（如because、but、however、so等），同时注意题干中的设问角度（如推断目的、原因、结果等）。根据这些关键信息回归原文，逐段扫描找到对应的细节段落及句子，并用横线、圆圈等符号标注关键信息，避免遗漏与题干相关的细节点，尤其注意同义替换表述（如题干中“important”对应原文“vital”），这是定位的核心难点。 第二步，分析上下文，梳理逻辑推导关系。找到对应细节后，不能仅局限于单个句子，需拓展至上下文语境，重点分析细节前后的因果、转折、条件、让步、递进等逻辑关系。例如，通过“because”“so”梳理因果链条，通过“but”“however”捕捉态度或情况的转折，通过“if”“unless”推导条件对应的结果，进而明确细节背后隐藏的深层含义，为后续推断提供逻辑支撑。 第三步，逐项核对，精准筛选合理选项。结合前两步的分析，逐一比对选项与原文细节及推导结论。首先排除两类选项：一是原文内容的直接复述项（此类选项不属于“推断”，仅为细节照搬）；二是与原文细节逻辑矛盾、表述相反的选项。再从剩余选项中选择基于原文细节、逻辑推导合理的选项，注意选项中的表述需与原文细节高度契合，避免模糊化、绝对化表述（如“always”“never”“all”等，若原文无对应依据，需谨慎排除）。 第四步，验证选项，确保推断合规。最后需将选定的选项回归文本主旨，验证其是否与全文核心观点一致，同时检查推断过程是否存在跳步、是否添加了文本外的信息（如个人常识、固有认知等），确保推断结果既符合细节逻辑，又不偏离文本主旨，做到“有依有据、合理适度”。 3. 解题原则 细节推理题的解题核心可概括为“细节为王，逻辑为纲”，这一原则贯穿解题全过程。同时需坚守两大辅助原则：一是不跳步推理，避免跳过中间逻辑环节直接得出结论，导致推断片面或错误；二是不添加文本外信息，杜绝将个人经验、背景知识等凌驾于文本细节之上，哪怕选项表述合理但与原文细节无关，也需坚决排除，确保推断的客观性与准确性。 【典例】（2025苏州卷阅读理解C篇，第19题） （原文第五段） 【解析】 本题表面上看是一道词义猜测题，但是解答此题则需要对文本中的深层次细节信息进行梳理与推理：第一步，定位细节句，明确“bold”修饰“thinking”，结合上下文“10年研究、动物实验到人体实验、克服诸多挑战”，可知研究团队的思维需具备“敢于冒险、大胆创新”的特质；第二步，分析选项含义，结合词典释义，1项“不怕冒险、敢于做艰难决定”符合语境；第三步，排除其他干扰项（2项形容颜色、3项形容线条、4项形容字体，均与“思维”无关）；最终推断答案为A。 二、观点态度推理 1. 考查角度 观点态度推理题是中考英语阅读理解推理判断题的核心题型之一，侧重考查考生对文本深层情感的解读能力，要求考生准确判断作者本人或文中特定人物对某一事物、事件、观点或现象所持有的情感态度。常见的态度类型包括支持（approval/support）、反对（opposition/disapproval）、中立（neutrality）、赞赏（admiration）、批判（criticism）、同情（sympathy）、怀疑（doubt）、乐观（optimism）、悲观（pessimism）等。 解题的关键在于捕捉文本中的隐性情感线索，而非仅停留在字面意思，需重点关注三类信息：一是情感倾向词（形容词、副词、动词等），二是语气词（如感叹词、转折词），三是上下文语境（如逻辑关系、事例论证），通过三者结合推断真实态度，避免主观臆断。这类题型不仅考查语言解读能力，还侧重对语篇逻辑和情感基调的整体把握，是区分考生阅读理解深度的重要题型。 2. 解题步骤 观点态度推理题的解题需遵循清晰的逻辑步骤，循序渐进锁定答案，具体拆解如下： 第一步：明确核心要素，定位推理对象。首先通读题干，精准识别两个关键要素——态度主体和态度对象。态度主体可能是作者（最常见），也可能是文中的特定人物（如主人公、专家、旁观者等）；态度对象则是题干指向的具体事物、事件、观点或群体。若混淆主体或对象，会直接导致推理偏差，例如将文中人物的态度误判为作者态度，这是高频易错点。 第二步：扫描文本线索，标注情感词汇。确定主体和对象后，回归原文，定位所有描述该对象的语句、段落，逐一标注其中的情感倾向词。这类词汇是态度推理的“显性线索”，可分为三类：①褒义词（体现积极态度），如 amazing（令人惊叹的）、valuable（有价值的）、wonderful（极好的）、praise（赞扬）、approve（认可）；②贬义词（体现消极态度），如 harmful（有害的）、serious（严重的）、terrible（糟糕的）、criticize（批判）、oppose（反对）；③中性词（无明显情感倾向，仅表客观描述），如 important（重要的）、necessary（必要的）、describe（描述）、mention（提及）。需注意，部分中性词需结合语境才能判断是否隐含态度，不可直接归为“中立”。 第三步：结合语篇语气，判定态度类型。在标注情感词汇的基础上，结合全文语气和逻辑关系判断态度。若文本中褒义词密集，且通过举例、因果论证强化积极认知，多为支持、赞赏态度；若贬义词为主，搭配质疑、否定的逻辑（如 but、however 后的转折内容），多为反对、批判态度；若仅客观陈述事实、列举利弊，无明显情感倾向词，且语气平和，多为中立态度。 第四步：排除干扰选项，锁定最优答案。中考选项中常存在两类干扰项：一是与文本情感倾向完全相反的选项（如文本支持却选项为反对）；二是“过度解读”选项（如文本仅表客观描述，选项却强加积极/消极态度）。解题时需逐一排除此类干扰项，选择与语篇情感基调、情感词汇及语境最贴合的态度表述，避免被个别词汇误导。 3. 解题原则 核心原则：态度必须贴合语篇整体情感基调，坚持“全文语境优先”，避免孤立解读单一词汇。具体需注意两点： 第一，拒绝“以偏概全”。文本中可能存在个别词汇与整体态度不一致的情况，例如作者在批判某现象时，可能用中性词“necessary”描述其存在的客观原因，此时不能仅凭“necessary”就判定为中立态度，而需结合全文批判的核心逻辑，明确整体态度。 第二，区分“客观描述”与“主观态度”。部分文本仅客观介绍某事物的特点、某事件的过程，无作者或人物的情感表达，此时态度应为“中立”，而非强行赋予支持或反对态度。同时，要注意区分作者的态度与文中不同人物的态度，若题干问“作者态度”，需排除文中其他人物的观点干扰，聚焦作者的论述逻辑和情感倾向。 【典例】（2025南京卷阅读理解D篇，第39题） （原文节选） Impact and Feedback The project not only cut the school's total carbon emissions by 45% but also changed students lifestyles.Lily, a 9th-grader, said,"I used to take the bus every day,but now I cycle with my friends. It's healthier and helps the planet!" Teachers noticed that students became more proactive in environmental issues, often reminding each other to tum off lights and save water. 39. What can we infer from the passage? A. The school has already achieved carbon neutrality. B.The reusable chopstick plan was rejected by the school board. C.The project focuses on both short-term actions and long-term habits. D. Sustainable agriculture will replace traditional food sources. 【解析】 第一步，明确态度主体为作者，对象为“碳中和卫士”项目；第二步，定位描述语句，“not only cut...but also changed...”为褒义表述，体现项目成效，目标设定体现积极导向；第三步，判断作者态度为支持、肯定；第四步，分析选项，“The project focuses on both short-term actions and long-term habits”符合作者对项目成效及目标的肯定态度，其他选项或与原文矛盾（A项已实现碳中和，原文为目标）、或无依据（B项可重复筷子计划被拒绝），最终确定答案。 三、主旨推理 1. 考查角度 该题型的核心考查方向的是学生对语篇整体的把控能力，具体聚焦于三个层面：一是推断语篇主旨，即概括全文围绕的核心话题或核心观点；二是推断段落大意，明确单个段落在全文中承担的功能及核心内容；三是推断作者写作意图，即判断作者撰写本文的目的，是传递知识、表达情感、阐明观点，还是呼吁行动等。 解题的关键在于精准把握全文逻辑框架，始终立足语篇整体，坚决避免被局部细节干扰。因为命题人常设置“以细节代主旨”的干扰选项，看似与原文内容一致，实则仅覆盖部分段落或个别情节，无法概括全文。在考查形式上，题干多围绕“主旨、意图、大意”设计，常见设问方式如：What is the main idea of the passage? What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? What does the passage mainly talk about? 2. 解题步骤 主旨推理题的解题需遵循循序渐进的逻辑，通过四步闭环确保答案的准确性，避免主观臆断。 第一步，梳理语篇结构，定位主题句。中考英语阅读理解语篇的常见结构为总分、分总、递进、并列四种，其中总分和分总结构最为普遍。主题句作为语篇核心思想的浓缩，多分布在文章开头（开门见山点明主旨）、结尾（总结全文升华主旨）或各段落首句（统领段落内容）；少数情况下主题句会隐藏在段落中间，需结合上下文逻辑提炼。例如总分结构的文章，开头主题句即全文核心，后续段落均为主题句提供例证或细节支撑；分总结构则需重点关注结尾段落，其往往对前文细节进行总结，点明全文主旨。 第二步，提取高频主题词，锁定核心论述对象。主题词是贯穿全文的核心词汇，可能以原词、同义词、近义词的形式反复出现，其数量通常为1-2个。通过提取主题词，可快速明确文章的论述范围，排除与主题词无关的干扰选项。 第三步，整合段落大意，概括核心思想并排除干扰项。在定位主题句、提取主题词的基础上，简要梳理各段落的核心内容，明确各段落与主题句、主题词的关联，进而概括出全文核心思想。此时需严格排除两类干扰选项：一是仅涉及局部细节的选项，这类选项虽符合原文内容，但无法覆盖全文；二是范围过大、超出语篇论述边界的选项，这类选项看似具有概括性，实则与原文核心无关。 第四步，验证主旨，确保全面无片面性。将初步概括的主旨与全文内容逐一对照，检查其是否能涵盖所有核心段落的内容，是否存在遗漏关键信息、偏向某一部分内容的情况。若主旨仅能对应部分段落，则需重新调整概括角度；若能统领全文各段落的核心逻辑，则可确定为正确主旨。 3. 解题原则 主旨推理题的核心解题原则是主旨的概括性与全面性，具体可拆解为两点： 第一，主旨必须具备概括性，能够高度浓缩全文核心思想，而非对某个细节的重复或描述。命题人常设置细节化选项作为干扰，这类选项往往对应原文中的某一句话或某一段落，看似正确，实则无法体现全文的整体逻辑，需坚决排除。例如一篇介绍“低碳生活方式”的文章，选项“骑自行车是低碳出行的一种方式”仅为文中一个具体案例，属于细节范畴，不能作为全文主旨。 第二，主旨必须具备全面性，能够覆盖全文的核心论述范围，避免片面化。部分干扰选项会只聚焦于文章的某一部分内容，忽略其他核心段落的观点，导致主旨不完整。例如一篇先介绍“人工智能的优势”、再分析“人工智能的潜在风险”的文章，主旨需同时兼顾“优势”与“风险”，若选项仅强调其中一方面，则属于片面化选项，应排除。 此外，还需注意“主旨与作者态度一致”的隐含原则：主旨需贴合作者的写作意图和情感倾向，若选项与作者的态度、立场相悖，即使具有概括性，也并非正确答案。 【典例】（2025年苏州卷阅读理解C篇，第21题） (第一段）A medical breakthrough in China is giving new hope to people with spinal cord injuries(脊髓损伤).Scientists have created a brain-spinal chip(芯片)that allows paralyzed(瘫痪的)patients to move their legs,and even walk again. （第二段）The chip,only 1 mm wide,is designed to be fitted into the brain and spinal cord.If thenatural communication between the brain and muscles(肌肉)is lost,this chip becomes thebridge.When the chips work,they create a direct connection between the brain and muscles. ...... ...... ...... (第六段）As the chip continues to improve,it lights a new path forward— one built on science,shaped by care,and aimed toward a brighter future. 21. What would be the best title of this passage? A. China's Chips Bring New Hope B. Future of China's Medical Science C. Science Fiction Changes Our Lives D. Challenges for Chinese Scientists 【解析】 第一步，梳理语篇结构，为“总-分-总”结构，开头介绍技术突破，中间阐述技术细节与临床案例，结尾展望未来；第二步，提取主题词“China's chips”“paralyzed patients”“hope”；第三步，分析选项，A项“China's Chips Bring New Hope”涵盖核心对象与情感基调，概括全文；排除其他选项（B项侧重医疗未来，范围过广；C项侧重科幻，与文本事实不符；D项侧重挑战，非全文核心），确定答案为A。 四、结论推理 1. 考查角度 结论推理是中考英语阅读理解推理判断题的核心题型之一，侧重考查学生对文本信息的深层解读与逻辑推导能力，而非对表层信息的简单抓取。其核心要求是：学生需基于文本明确给出的事实、细节、逻辑关系等信息，推断出符合原文逻辑的合理结论，坚决杜绝主观猜测、过度联想或脱离文本的臆断。这里的“合理结论”需满足双重属性——关联性与必然性：关联性指结论必须与文本核心内容紧密挂钩，不能偏离原文话题；必然性指结论是原文信息的自然推导结果，而非偶然成立的可能性表述，即原文信息足以支撑该结论，不存在逻辑漏洞或矛盾。 从中考命题规律来看，此类题型常针对文本细节组合、段落逻辑、全文主旨等层面设置选项，干扰项多为“看似合理但无文本支撑”“偷换概念”“扩大/缩小范围”“主观臆断情感态度”等类型。命题人通过该题型，检验学生是否能穿透文字表面，准确把握文本隐含的逻辑关联，实现从“读懂文字”到“读懂逻辑”的能力跃迁。 2. 解题步骤 结论推理题的解题需遵循严谨的逻辑流程，每一步都围绕“贴合文本、排除干扰、验证逻辑”展开，具体操作如下： 第一步，通读全文，梳理文本核心信息与逻辑脉络。通读并非逐字逐句精读，而是快速把握文本主旨、段落结构及关键信息点。首先明确文章体裁（记叙文、说明文、议论文等），记叙文需梳理人物、事件、因果关系；说明文需理清说明对象、特征、说明顺序；议论文需抓住论点、论据、论证逻辑。同时，标记与主题相关的关键细节（如时间、地点、数据、观点、转折关系等），构建起“主旨—细节—逻辑”的整体框架，为后续推理奠定基础。需注意，不可跳过通读直接定位选项，否则易因碎片化理解导致逻辑判断偏差。 第二步，分析各选项与文本信息的关联性，判断结论是否具有合理性、必然性。在梳理完文本框架后，逐一对应选项与原文信息。首先判断选项是否与文本话题相关，排除完全偏离主旨的选项；再进一步分析选项是否能由原文信息推导得出：若选项是原文某一细节的直接改写，属于表层信息，不属于“推理结论”；若选项是基于多个细节的组合推导，需验证细节之间的逻辑是否连贯，推导过程是否符合常理；若选项涉及全文层面的结论，需确保其贴合全文主旨，而非仅对应某一段落的片面信息。核心判断标准是“选项是否有原文依据，推导是否无懈可击”。 第三步，排除主观臆断、逻辑断裂的选项。这是解题的关键环节，需精准识别干扰项的典型特征。主观臆断类选项通常带有“可能”“也许”“应该”等模糊表述，或掺杂个人情感、生活经验，看似合理但无文本支撑；逻辑断裂类选项则表现为“原文信息与选项结论之间缺乏必然关联”，如偷换原文概念、扩大范围（将“部分”改为“全部”）、缩小范围（将“普遍现象”改为“个别案例”）、因果倒置等。排除时需牢记“原文为唯一依据”，不被自身经验或选项的“表面合理性”误导，严格以文本逻辑为判断准则。 第四步，验证结论，确保结论不超出文本隐含范围，与全文主旨契合。排除干扰项后，对剩余选项进行最终验证。首先检查结论是否超出文本隐含范围，若选项表述过于绝对（如“所有”“永远”），需确认原文是否有对应的绝对化依据，若无则需排除；其次验证结论是否与全文主旨一致，避免因聚焦细节而忽略整体逻辑，导致得出与主旨相悖的结论。同时，可反向推导：若该结论成立，是否与原文所有相关细节均无矛盾？若存在矛盾或模糊点，需重新审视，确保最终结论兼具“隐含性”“必然性”与“主旨一致性”。 3.解题原则 结论需基于文本信息，具有逻辑必然性，避免偶然化、主观化表述。结论推理题的核心是“有据可依、逻辑闭环”，解题时需保持客观理性，不加入个人主观判断，始终以文本信息为根本出发点，同时兼顾细节与主旨的统一，避免“只见树木不见森林”。 【典例】（2023年南通卷阅读理解C篇，第41题） （第一段）Climate change(气候变化)has brought a serious warning to the living areas of the Siberian crane,increasing the need to better protect the birds and their migratory channels(迁徙路径),an expert said. （第二段）The Siberian crane breeds(繁殖)in northeast Siberia in Russia and flies to Poyang Lake for the winter in East China's JiangxiProvince.About 95 percent of the birds spend the season in Poyang. （第三段）Qian Fawen,a research professor from the National Bird Banding Center of China,said that Poyang's water levels decide whether it is suitable for the birds to live there.However,climate change has made the levels change often.".... （第四段）The Siberian crane is listed as seriously endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List.... ...... ...... ...... ...... （第七段）After the Wetlands Protection Law,the nation's first law to protect wetlands,was introduced on June 1,2022,complete protection was strengthened.The law clearly explained what the government should do and introduced strict punishment for people who destroy wetland areas... （第八段）Key nature reserve management offices in China have reportedmore birds wintering in the nation's wetlands,including some newrare kinds.____________________ 41. What will the writer probably continue to write in“____"in Paragraph 8? A. People have done something to protect wetlands. B. The number of the birds has increased in wetlands. C. Experts will go on to do other research on wetlands. D. The government will make more laws to protect wetlands. 【解析】第一步：定位题干核心，明确解题方向。题干要求判断第8段空格处作者可能续写的内容，本质是考查“语篇上下文逻辑连贯性”——续写内容需与前一句衔接紧密，且符合全文核心话题（西伯利亚鹤保护、湿地保护及相关举措）。首先锁定前一句关键信息：“中国重点自然保护区管理办公室报告称，更多鸟类（包括一些新的珍稀种类）在国内湿地越冬”，续写内容需围绕“鸟类越冬数量/种类变化”这一核心延伸，或对该现象进行补充说明。第二步：逐一分析选项，排除矛盾项。前文第5-7段已详细阐述人类保护湿地的举措，包括《鸟类迁徙通道保护国家行动计划》、加入《拉姆萨尔湿地公约》、出台《湿地保护法》等，属于“已提及内容”。续写需补充新信息，而非重复前文的保护行动，故A不符合逻辑。前一句明确提到“更多鸟类越冬，包括新的珍稀种类”，B选项“湿地中鸟类数量增加”是对该句信息的自然延伸与细化，符合“先提出现象，再补充现象细节”的语篇逻辑，衔接流畅且不偏离核心。全文仅在第3段提及专家钱法文的观点，核心话题是“湿地保护举措及成效”，而非“专家研究”。前文未铺垫“专家研究”的相关延伸线索，C选项属于无中生有，与语篇逻辑脱节。第7段已明确提到《湿地保护法》（2022年实施），是我国首部湿地保护法律，前文未提及“现有法律不足”或“需要制定更多法律”的线索，D选项属于过度推断，不符合上下文逻辑。第三步：回归语篇核心，确认最优答案。全文核心围绕“气候变化对西伯利亚鹤的影响”及“中国的湿地与鸟类保护举措、成效”展开。空格前一句聚焦“保护成效（更多鸟类越冬）”，选项B承接该成效，补充鸟类数量变化的细节，与全文核心一致，且无重复、无偏离、无过度推断，为唯一符合逻辑的续写内容。故通过“定位衔接点→排除矛盾/无依据项→匹配语篇核心”三步推导，第41题正确答案为B。 Passage 1 （2025年江苏省南京市栖霞区中考三模英语试题）What if you could save an animal from extinction (灭绝)? A wildlife conservationist works to protect different environments and the animals that live there. This can involve making sure that habitats (栖息地) are safe from disease, harmful insects, fire and human destruction. He or she might also work to educate the public about the importance of caring for wildlife. A lucky, hard-working few might be part of a successful effort to bring a species back from the edge of extinction. That was the case for wildlife conservationists at the San Diego Zoo, who have helped save several species from dying out. The giant panda’s comeback is one of their more famous success stories. Working with experts in China, where pandas are from, the conservationists developed a milk formula for panda cubs that raised survival rates for cubs born in zoo s from 0 to nearly 100percent! They continue to spend many hours each week observing pandas at the zoo, so that they can learn what pandas need to survive in the wild. Although giant pandas are still vulnerable (脆弱的)，they were removed from the endangered species list in 2016. The California condor (秃鹰) has also rebounded, thanks to the work of conservationists. The California condor, a type of vulture and the largest flying bird in North America, was down to a population of only 22 in 1982. The San Diego Zoo Global Wildlife Conservancy collected those birds and began using special techniques to help them breed. They learned that the birds had very high levels of lead in their bodies. They figured out the problem was a result of the birds eating the remains of animals shot by hunters who had used lead bullets. The conservancy spread the word about using different kinds of ammunition for hunting. Now, there are 480 California condors, about half of which live in the wild. A wildlife conservationist must earn a college degree, often in biology or environmental engineering. He or she also should be someone who cares about the environment, is patient and likes to travel. “It takes a special kind of person to do it,” says Mike Sides, an ambassador to the San Diego Zoo Global Wildlife Conservancy. “You have to really see the bigger picture and be able to step out of your bubble and look at others’ needs... It all comes from the heart.” Even if it’s not the career you choose, you can get involved with conservation efforts. You can volunteer at a zoo, raise funds for charities that help animals and be mindful that the products you buy aren’t harmful to wildlife habitats. “In any sense,” says Mr. Sides, “if you’re involved in conservation efforts, you’re doing something cool.” 1．What may wildlife conservationists do to protect environments and animals? A．Film a documentary in the Pacific Ocean. B．Make a new home for harmful insects. C．Turn a habitat into farmland and cities. D．Educate kids about the importance of family life. 2．What can we know from the second paragraph? A．Giant pandas are now on the endangered species list. B．Wildlife conservationists should no longer study giant pandas. C．Wildlife conservationists only work with animals from their own country. D．Giant pandas have made a comeback because of efforts by wildlife conservationists. 3．How does the writer show conservationists’ effort to bring a species back from the edge of extinction? A．By explaining cause and effect. B．By comparing and contrasting. C．By expressing different opinions. D．By providing examples in detail. 4．According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following belongs in the empty box? A．treat wild animals in a special way B．remember humans’ needs with heart C．be willing to take on new challenges D．be creative enough to draw bigger pictures 5．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To remind volunteers of wildlife conservation efforts. B．To encourage people to take action to protect wildlife. C．To advise readers to choose conservationist as a career. D．To provide readers with environmental-friendly products. Passage 2 （2025年江苏省无锡市锡山区天一中学九年级四模英语试卷） Reporter: What is the process of recycling? Jerry: It starts with taking used materials that can be recycled to your local recycling center. Put them in the correct bin there. These will be reused as materials for a new purpose. Then, a recyclable product is turned back into a basic form that can be used to create a new and different product. Recycling efforts can greatly reduce additional waste that will not only harm the planet today, but future generations as well. The natural resources on our planet are limited, so we must make the most to conserve (节约使用), recycle and reuse whenever possible. Reporter: What can we recycle? Jerry: Not all materials are recyclable. Among the items that are recycled are paper towels, cardboard boxes, plastic containers, crayons, etc. Reporter: Why do you think recycling is important? Jerry: Recycling our waste makes us more responsible in the way we deal with it. Studies show that people who do this are more likely to cut down on buying things that are unnecessary. They think of how to deal with the packaging after use even before buying them. As a result, people end up saving money while also saving the planet. Reporter: Oh, that reminds me, waste not, want not. Jerry: That’s right. Recycling can also help develop communities. Many community groups raise money through reusing and recycling goods. They take our unwanted clothes, furniture and other household items to resell. Reporter: Hopefully, our efforts will pay off because if we take care of our planet, it will take care of us. 1．This is most probably ▲ . A．a private dialogue B．an introduction C．a public discussion D．an interview 2．Why does the reporter say “Oh, that reminds me, waste not, want not.”? A．To introduce a new study about recycling. B．To bring up a new topic for their discussion. C．To show support for Jerry’s idea on recycling. D．To express doubts about Jerry’s recycling plan. 3．What can we learn from the interview? ①Recycling efforts can help make better communities. ②Nature has its own cycle and can deal with the waste. ③Recycling is a journey of turning waste into new hope. ④A green-thinking customer thinks twice before buying. A．①③④ B．②③④ C．①②③ D．①②④ Passage 3 （2025年江苏省徐州市铜山区中考三模英语试题）Feng Yinan, an 88-year-old woman from Jiangsu province, has amazed the public by taking 97 exams since 2009 to get three university degrees in Nanjing. With a head of white hair, Feng stood out among young students in exam rooms. When people asked her why she kept taking self-study exams at such an old age, she said, “Self-study exams are my lifelong dream.” Feng first started her self-study in 1988. But she was doing a busy job at that time. Besides, as a mother, she had to take care of two daughters. As a result, her dream of getting a better education had to wait. After Feng retired (退休), her old dream woke up. She worked up her courage to sign up for the exams. That autumn, at the age of 72, she again picked up the textbooks that she had laid down for many years. It was not easy for her to remember things as she aged. The rapid development of knowledge made it more difficult for her. But she never gave up. Feng is strict with herself. During the years, she put her studies in the first place. She seldom visited others and seldom took breaks even on holidays. She gave up all free-time activities—no parties, no birthday celebrations. She devoted all her time and attention to books. With strong will, Feng planned and finished her self-study exams. Over 16 years, Feng sat 97 exams and achieved passing grades in 44 subjects. “These exams not only made my dream come true, but also helped me keep up with modern times,” Feng said. Now, Feng has decided to put an end to her studies for health reasons. Yet, she has found herself a new interest—learning to play the piano on her smartphone. Feng hopes her story can encourage young people to catch the chance to study hard and keep learning through life. 1．When did Feng Yinan start taking self-study exams? A．When she was quite young. B．When she was middle-aged. C．Shortly before she retired. D．In her early seventies. 2．According to Paragraph 4, what challenges did Feng have during her studies? A．Strict exam rules and little time. B．Few textbooks and learning tools. C．Poor memory and new knowledge. D．The stress from her work and family. 3．Which word can best describe Feng? A．Helpful and clever. B．Creative and generous. C．Kind-hearted and sincere. D．Hard-working and strong-willed. 4．What can we learn from Feng’s story? A．It’s never too old to learn. B．Every coin has two sides. C．Many hands make light work. D．The early bird catches the worm. Passage 4 （2025年江苏省常熟市昆承中学中考二模英语试题）If you are reading this, you were probably born in the 2000s. The oh-ohs. The 21st century. That would make you young, creative, and no doubt smart. Maybe good-looking, too. Right? But what do other people think about your generation? Some adults worry that you’re more interested in the screen in front of you than the world around you. They think of you as the “face-down generation” because you use your phone so much. They wonder how you will deal with school, friends and family. Are today’s teenagers too busy texting and taking selfies (自拍) to become successful in real life or “IRL”, as you would say? Other adults worry that today’s youth are spoilt (溺爱) and don’t want to face the challenges of adult life. Many children born in the 1990s and 2000s were raised by “helicopter parents” who were always there to guide and help their children with a busy schedule filled with homework and after-school activities such as dancing, drawing, or sports. With parents who do everything for them, today’s youth seem to prefer to live like teenagers even when they are in their 20s or 30s. Does the face-down generation need a heads-up? Well, probably not. The fact is that many of today’s teenagers are better educated and more creative than past generations. They also seem to be willing to become leaders. More young people than ever volunteer to help their communities. There are also brave young people such as Malala Yousafzai, the teenager who won the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize for pushing girls’ rights to go to school. So if you’re one of the oh-ohs, there’s no reason to be worried about the future. Things are looking up for the face-down generation. 1．Who is this passage written for? A．The teenager. B．The teachers. C．The parents. D．The oh-ohs. 2．What do helicopter parents always do? A．Help and direct their children. B．Do homework instead of children. C．Guide children to face challenges. D．Plan a busy schedule for children. 3．How does the writer feel about the younger generation? A．Anxious. B．Confident. C．Dissatisfied. D．Helpless 4．What can we learn according to the passage? A．Parents should put down their phones. B．Young people should be better educated. C．The oh-ohs should be hopeful about the future. D．Face-down generation should raise their heads. Passage 5 （2025年江苏省南通市海安十三校中考第二次模拟考试英语试题）Climate change has brought a serious warning of not having enough water and animal disappearing if we don’t care about Mother Nature. Indeed, many efforts have been made by different organizations, encouraging us to save the earth. These have certainly raised awareness of the environmental problems, and laws have been made by governments to reduce pollution. However, I don’t think people are doing enough to protect the environment. Every year about 9 million people die from pollution—related causes and that is 3 times more than deaths because of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. This number shows that many people pay little attention to the environment — in their daily lives. And there’re not enough actions to prevent the biodiversity (生物多样性) loss, climate change and pollution. What we need to do, is to first relook the way we live. For the past 2 years, I have been trying to protect the environment. Firstly, I am more careful with the use of electricity. I used to turn on all the lights when entering a room. Now I make it a point to open the curtains and let natural light in. If it gets dark, I turn on only one light and make sure to turn it off when leaving the room. This has worked wonders and my parents are pleased too, as it has cut our electricity bill by 50 percent. ① Besides energy protection, I’ve formed the habit of bringing my own reusable bags wherever I go. This greatly reduces my need of plastic bags! Whenever I go shopping, I use my own reusable bags instead of plastic bags offered. It takes time and effort to wash up, but when I count the number of plastic bags that I would save with this small behavior, it’s well worth those extra minutes of my time. ② Finally, being a carnivore (食肉动物), I can never completely give up meat. Yet, after reading an article showing how a vegan (素食主义者) diet could cut global greenhouse emissions by about 70 percent, I decided to do something—be vegetarian once a week. ③ At a UN meeting in December 2018, where over 200 countries met to find 9 practical ways to reduce carbon, the most important reminder was that we are the last generation that can stop climate change. ④ 1．What does the underlined word “These” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The importance of saying no to pollution. B．The awareness of protecting the environment. C．The efforts organizations have made to save the earth. D．The laws governments have made to reduce pollution. 2．What are Paragraph 3, Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．How the writer is careful with energy. B．How the writer protects the environment. C．What the writer does to save electricity. D．What the writer gets from his experience. 3．According to this passage, which of the following is true? A．Now all people around the world have done a lot to save the energy. B．In 2018 more than 200 countries met to find ways to reduce pollution. C．Every year AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria cause more deaths than pollution. D．For many years the writer has been caring about the environment in his daily life. 4．In which place of this passage can the sentence “If that is true, I hope to be able to say that I have done my part to protect the one place we all call home.” be put into? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ Passage 6 This semester, at a middle school in Jiangsu Province, there have been big changes both for students and teachers. These changes happened because AI tools were used. By using AI to create personalized exercises and exams, teachers at the school can adjust their teaching methods to suit each student’s needs and abilities.   After students finish studying a unit, teachers use AI to pick different questions from an online database (数据库) that includes various extracurricular (课外的) materials. This helps create a customized set of exercises for the unit, helping students strengthen their knowledge. These exercises are then printed on paper. “With this special learning material created by AI, we don’t need to carry all the heavy exercise books any more.” said the 14-year-old He Liyan.   Students answer the exercise questions on answer sheets. Teachers collect these sheets, scan them into an AI system for grading. The AI creates numbers and graphics (图形) that help teachers understand each student’s performance as well as how the whole class is doing overall. “Our teacher no longer explains all the questions one by one. Instead, she looks at the common mistakes and provides one-on-one help for every one of us,” said the 15-year-old Wang Dinghan. What’s more, students can get special error log (错题日志) or homework created by AI depending on their performance in previous exams. “The homework is all about what I got wrong before, so I don’t need to practice over and over again what I already understand,” said He. “I used to have a notebook copying my mistakes so that I can study them,” said Yu Zifu, 15. “But now, AI has done this for me!” 1．How does AI help teachers at school? A．By doing teachers’ jobs. B．By making books lighter. C．By reducing teachers’ work stress. D．By using personalized exercises and exams. 2．The underlined word “customized” in Paragraph 2 most likely means ________. A．printed on paper. B．made for each student. C．chosen from a database. D．full of extracurricular materials. 3．What can we infer about the teachers’ new method after using AI? A．They explain all the questions one after another. B．They require students to write down their errors. C．They pay more attention to students’ common mistakes. D．They spend more time checking homework than before. 4．What is the main idea of this passage? A．AI finds wrong answers faster. B．AI can help students study better. C．Teachers use smart computers now. D．Students get less homework every day. Passage 7 （2025年江苏省镇江市丹阳市中考二模英语试卷）Life is always changing. The only thing that never changes is change itself. There can be lots of new things that happen in your life. Sometimes that’s great but at other times it can make you feel unsure and worried. The changes which make you happy are positive changes. You make them happen by yourself and they bring you happy feelings, like making a new friend. However, some changes you face could make you feel worried or uncertain. They can be big things like moving schools, a friend going away or family life changing. They can be smaller ones like a new teacher taking over your class. All of these things can bring up some pretty big feelings. Change can be difficult to deal with because it often brings feelings of uncertainty. Scientists explain that our brains love things take place in a usual way. They make us feel safe. When something changes, like starting a new school or moving to a new home, it can feel like stepping into an unknown world. It’s like going on a surprise journey without a map. This can make us feel nervous or worried because we don’t know what to expect. Of course, life would be boring if everything stayed the same all the time. Trying new things and making changes help you discover what you like—and don’t like. For example, if you didn’t try new ice cream, how would you have known you love it? It also helps you to grow and learn new skills. There are simple things you can do to make it easier to deal with life changes. Firstly, share your thoughts and feelings with someone you trust. It helps to put your worries into words. Then, think of change as an experience. Ask questions and learn as much as you can about what’s new. Finally, look for things that stay the same—maybe you still have your favourite game or book with you. This helps create a sense of comfort. 1．How does the writer organize his ideas in this passage? A．Time order. B．Space order. C．From general to specific. D．From specific to general. 2．Which of the following is a positive change according to the passage? A．Nancy received a nice hair clip at her birthday party. B．Daniel joined the basketball team because he loved sports. C．Simon were asked to give a speech on how to make friends. D．Millie failed the final exam though she always worked hard. 3．What’s the writer’s opinion towards life changes? A．Big or small changes can influence you much. B．Making changes depends on your likes and dislikes. C．Our brains like changes because they make us feel safe. D．Looking for changes helps create a comfortable feeling. Passage 8 （2025年江苏省常州市新闸中学中考三模英语试题）There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food. Taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. The general sleeping rule is that the younger you are, the longer sleep you need. But regardless of (不管) age, some people need to sleep more while for some a few hours is enough. The problem with sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough. According to the World Health Organization, over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived. Having less sleep not only makes people feel tired but also causes accidents. In the United States alone, sleepy drivers cause at least 100,000 traffic accidents a year. Also sleep problems can cause medical problems such as high blood pressure (血压). Why are so many people sleep-deprived? Part of the reasons may be cultural. In the American culture, people put a higher value on work than on sleep. In fact, people who sleep a lot are usually seen as “lazy”. Also, you can sometimes hear some people say proudly that they don’t have much time to sleep. they only sleep four or five hours a night. It seems that the less you sleep, the more work you’ll do. How do we teach these people to learn the value of sleep? Perhaps they may listen to the advice of Dr. James Maas an expert (专家) in sleep. He says , “Sleep is like a credit (信用卡) card. When you sleep less, you are only borrowing time. You always have to pay it back. The more hours you don’t sleep, the more hours you should sleep to ‘pay back’ the hours on your ‘sleep credit card.” For those who value work more than sleep, they should listen to what a famous person once said. “Don’t think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish (愚蠢的) idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more.” 1．According to the writer, the easiest and cheapest way to improve health is to _________. A．eat healthy food every day B．take exercise as much as possible C．get medical help whenever necessary D．sleep eight hours or more every night 2．What does “sleep-deprived” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Having a good sleep. B．Excited about sleep. C．Having less sleep. D．Interested in sleep. 3．According to Dr. James Maas, what is sleep like? A．An hour. B．A report. C．A credit card. D．A piece of paper. 4．What do the words of the famous person mean in Paragraph 5? A．Sleeping during the night is foolish. B．Sleeping during the night is helpful. C．People have no courage. D．People always do less work. Passage 10 Imagine having a conversation with your friend, and you feel happy about it at the end of the conversation, but you are not quite sure why. Now imagine having the same conversation, but this time you feel excited because you know more about your friend. What’s the difference? In the second case, you know exactly how you feel, which helps you deal with the situation effectively (有效地). This way of understanding and naming feelings in different situations is called emotional granularity (情绪粒度). Life is like a box of chocolates. It often presents us with different emotions. Understanding these feelings is important for a happy life. Those with high emotional granularity can name their feelings exactly. Instead of saying “I feel happy”, they would say, “I’m happy about the deep friendship and satisfied with the moment with my friend. I value our friendship and will remember it forever.” People with higher emotional granularity have more developed brain structure in emotional-processing areas. These areas in the brain work well together. They help us notice our emotions, name them, and react to them more correctly. Developing the ability to name feelings very well can build an emotional immune system (免疫系统) against mood disorders. The benefits of emotional granularity are far-reaching. It helps people manage their emotions better, and then improve relationships with family and friends. Actually, emotional granularity is not only gifted but can also be nurtured. To build emotional granularity, you can learn more emotional words, keep an emotional diary, try different emotional experiences, and often play emotional role-playing games. All in all, in real conversations, emotional granularity helps people make better decisions in many social situations. It also makes us stronger and better at dealing with stress by noticing emotional problems early. 1．Why does the writer begin the passage by comparing facts? A．To teach us how to deal with emotions. B．To encourage us to express our feelings. C．To lead into the topic of emotional granularity. D．To show the difference between feelings and expressions. 2．How do people with high emotional granularity express their feelings? A．They share their true feelings easily. B．They express their emotions exactly. C．They show the facts and avoid expressing their feelings. D．They use some single words to express their emotions. 3．How can you build an emotional immune system? A．By eating healthy food. B．By learning more words. C．By playing outdoor games. D．By practicing naming emotions exactly. 4．What does the underlined word “nurtured” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Developed. B．Described. C．Chosen. D．Checked. 5．Why does the writer write this text? A．To show the ways to control emotions. B．To call us to develop emotional granularity. C．To explain the benefits of noticing emotions. D．To give opinions about emotional granularity. 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解之推理判断题 目 录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02·时空导航·网络构建 3 03·题型通关·靶向突破 3 考点一 题型破解 3 文体特点 1.记叙文：结合人物行为、情节发展，推断人物性格、情感及情节隐含意义；关注开头结尾的情感倾向；2.说明文：根据说明对象的特征、用途、研究成果，推断作者观点、说明目的及技术影响；关注数据与结论的关联；3.议论文：通过论点、论据、论证过程，推断作者核心观点、立场及论证目的；关注转折、总结性语句；4.应用文：基于文本细节（如活动时间、要求、目的），推断隐含信息（如适用人群、活动意义） 选项规律 干扰项特征：原文复述、过度解读、逻辑矛盾、无中生有 考点二 解题要点 4 题型 1.细节推理题；2.观点态度推理；3.主旨推理；4.结论推理 04·优题精选·练能提分 13 题型 考查形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 阅读理解之推理判断题 ☑选择题 □非选择题 3-4题（占阅读理解30%左右） 2-4题（占阅读理解25%-30%） 3-5题（占阅读理解30%-35%） 考情分析 一、命题特点分析 1.语篇类型丰富，多为说明文、记叙文，贴近学生生活与社会热点，主题聚焦环保、科技、人文故事； 2.新增主旨推理题型，侧重细节推理与观点态度推理，占比超60%；，需结合上下文逻辑，排除表面信息干扰。 2.对逻辑衔接词的依赖度提升，需通过衔接词判断因果、转折关系; 3.注重考查学生对隐含信息的挖掘能力，避免过度解读。 二、命题思路总结 1.语篇偏好：记叙文（人文故事、成长经历）、说明文（科技发明、环保措施）为高频载体，议论文偶有涉及，应用文推理多聚焦细节指向。 2.考查维度：细节推理（占比最高，约55%）、观点态度推理（20%）、主旨推理（15%）、结论推理（10%），无情节预测类推理题。 3.核心素养：侧重考查语言运用能力与逻辑思维能力，要求学生能基于文本信息进行合理推断，同时兼顾文化意识（如中外文化差异、传统习俗）。 命题预测 一、主题预测 科技类：人工智能、医疗突破、环保技术（如2025苏州卷脑脊髓芯片话题）； 人文类：跨文化交流、社区互助、传统文化传承（如2025苏州卷茶屋文化、2023南通卷古琴文化）； 成长类：勇气培养、友谊互助、责任担当（如2025苏州卷Roy保护猫头鹰故事、2023南京卷Ryan骑行比赛经历）。 二、题型预测 细节推理仍为核心考点，题量保持3题左右； 观点态度推理可能结合议论文或夹叙夹议文考查，需关注作者情感倾向词； 主旨推理题量或小幅增加，侧重对全文逻辑的把控。 考点一 题型破解 一、文体特点 文体类型 推理判断题的侧重 真题示例 记叙文 结合人物行为、情节发展，推断人物性格、情感及情节隐含意义；关注开头结尾的情感倾向 2025苏州卷D篇（Roy保护猫头鹰）：推断Roy的性格特点与作者写作意图 说明文 根据说明对象的特征、用途、研究成果，推断作者观点、说明目的及技术影响；关注数据与结论的关联 2025苏州卷C篇（脑脊髓芯片）：推断芯片的作用及作者对技术的态度 议论文 通过论点、论据、论证过程，推断作者核心观点、立场及论证目的；关注转折、总结性语句 2023南京卷B篇（蝴蝶保护）：推断作者对蝴蝶保护的态度及呼吁方向 应用文 基于文本细节（如活动时间、要求、目的），推断隐含信息（如适用人群、活动意义） 2025南京卷A篇（志愿者招募）：推断不同志愿者岗位的隐含要求 二、选项规律 选项类型 释义 正确选项 1. 基于文本细节，经合理推理得出；2. 与语篇主旨、逻辑一致；3. 语言表述委婉（多含may、probably、might等词）。 干扰项（原文复述） 直接引用文本中的表面信息，无需推断，易误导学生混淆“陈述”与“推理”。 干扰项（过度解读） 超出文本信息范围，添加个人主观想象，虽看似合理但无文本依据。 干扰项（逻辑矛盾） 与文本细节或主旨相悖，需通过核对原文排除。 干扰项（无中生有） 选项内容在文本中无任何对应细节，完全为主观捏造。 考点二 解题要点 一、细节推理 1. 考查角度 该题型的考查核心围绕文本中的具体细节展开，这些细节涵盖人物的行为动作、语言态度、事件的起因经过、数据信息、时间节点、场景特征等显性内容，要求考生据此推断出隐含的时间、地点、人物目的、事件结果、作者态度、逻辑关系等隐性信息。从真题命题规律来看，此类题型在推理判断题中占比可达60%以上，是中考英语阅读的重点考查内容。解题的核心前提是精准定位细节在文本中的出处，避免因定位偏差导致推理失误，同时需细致梳理细节间的逻辑关联，明确显性信息与隐性信息的推导关系，杜绝脱离细节的主观猜测。 2. 解题步骤 细节推理题的解题需遵循“定位—分析—筛选—验证”的闭环流程，每一步都有明确的实操要点，具体如下： 第一步，题干定位，精准锁定细节范围。拿到题干后，需快速提取题干中的关键信息，包括核心名词、动词、形容词、逻辑连接词（如because、but、however、so等），同时注意题干中的设问角度（如推断目的、原因、结果等）。根据这些关键信息回归原文，逐段扫描找到对应的细节段落及句子，并用横线、圆圈等符号标注关键信息，避免遗漏与题干相关的细节点，尤其注意同义替换表述（如题干中“important”对应原文“vital”），这是定位的核心难点。 第二步，分析上下文，梳理逻辑推导关系。找到对应细节后，不能仅局限于单个句子，需拓展至上下文语境，重点分析细节前后的因果、转折、条件、让步、递进等逻辑关系。例如，通过“because”“so”梳理因果链条，通过“but”“however”捕捉态度或情况的转折，通过“if”“unless”推导条件对应的结果，进而明确细节背后隐藏的深层含义，为后续推断提供逻辑支撑。 第三步，逐项核对，精准筛选合理选项。结合前两步的分析，逐一比对选项与原文细节及推导结论。首先排除两类选项：一是原文内容的直接复述项（此类选项不属于“推断”，仅为细节照搬）；二是与原文细节逻辑矛盾、表述相反的选项。再从剩余选项中选择基于原文细节、逻辑推导合理的选项，注意选项中的表述需与原文细节高度契合，避免模糊化、绝对化表述（如“always”“never”“all”等，若原文无对应依据，需谨慎排除）。 第四步，验证选项，确保推断合规。最后需将选定的选项回归文本主旨，验证其是否与全文核心观点一致，同时检查推断过程是否存在跳步、是否添加了文本外的信息（如个人常识、固有认知等），确保推断结果既符合细节逻辑，又不偏离文本主旨，做到“有依有据、合理适度”。 3. 解题原则 细节推理题的解题核心可概括为“细节为王，逻辑为纲”，这一原则贯穿解题全过程。同时需坚守两大辅助原则：一是不跳步推理，避免跳过中间逻辑环节直接得出结论，导致推断片面或错误；二是不添加文本外信息，杜绝将个人经验、背景知识等凌驾于文本细节之上，哪怕选项表述合理但与原文细节无关，也需坚决排除，确保推断的客观性与准确性。 【典例】（2025苏州卷阅读理解C篇，第19题） （原文第五段） 【解析】 本题表面上看是一道词义猜测题，但是解答此题则需要对文本中的深层次细节信息进行梳理与推理：第一步，定位细节句，明确“bold”修饰“thinking”，结合上下文“10年研究、动物实验到人体实验、克服诸多挑战”，可知研究团队的思维需具备“敢于冒险、大胆创新”的特质；第二步，分析选项含义，结合词典释义，1项“不怕冒险、敢于做艰难决定”符合语境；第三步，排除其他干扰项（2项形容颜色、3项形容线条、4项形容字体，均与“思维”无关）；最终推断答案为A。 二、观点态度推理 1. 考查角度 观点态度推理题是中考英语阅读理解推理判断题的核心题型之一，侧重考查考生对文本深层情感的解读能力，要求考生准确判断作者本人或文中特定人物对某一事物、事件、观点或现象所持有的情感态度。常见的态度类型包括支持（approval/support）、反对（opposition/disapproval）、中立（neutrality）、赞赏（admiration）、批判（criticism）、同情（sympathy）、怀疑（doubt）、乐观（optimism）、悲观（pessimism）等。 解题的关键在于捕捉文本中的隐性情感线索，而非仅停留在字面意思，需重点关注三类信息：一是情感倾向词（形容词、副词、动词等），二是语气词（如感叹词、转折词），三是上下文语境（如逻辑关系、事例论证），通过三者结合推断真实态度，避免主观臆断。这类题型不仅考查语言解读能力，还侧重对语篇逻辑和情感基调的整体把握，是区分考生阅读理解深度的重要题型。 2. 解题步骤 观点态度推理题的解题需遵循清晰的逻辑步骤，循序渐进锁定答案，具体拆解如下： 第一步：明确核心要素，定位推理对象。首先通读题干，精准识别两个关键要素——态度主体和态度对象。态度主体可能是作者（最常见），也可能是文中的特定人物（如主人公、专家、旁观者等）；态度对象则是题干指向的具体事物、事件、观点或群体。若混淆主体或对象，会直接导致推理偏差，例如将文中人物的态度误判为作者态度，这是高频易错点。 第二步：扫描文本线索，标注情感词汇。确定主体和对象后，回归原文，定位所有描述该对象的语句、段落，逐一标注其中的情感倾向词。这类词汇是态度推理的“显性线索”，可分为三类：①褒义词（体现积极态度），如 amazing（令人惊叹的）、valuable（有价值的）、wonderful（极好的）、praise（赞扬）、approve（认可）；②贬义词（体现消极态度），如 harmful（有害的）、serious（严重的）、terrible（糟糕的）、criticize（批判）、oppose（反对）；③中性词（无明显情感倾向，仅表客观描述），如 important（重要的）、necessary（必要的）、describe（描述）、mention（提及）。需注意，部分中性词需结合语境才能判断是否隐含态度，不可直接归为“中立”。 第三步：结合语篇语气，判定态度类型。在标注情感词汇的基础上，结合全文语气和逻辑关系判断态度。若文本中褒义词密集，且通过举例、因果论证强化积极认知，多为支持、赞赏态度；若贬义词为主，搭配质疑、否定的逻辑（如 but、however 后的转折内容），多为反对、批判态度；若仅客观陈述事实、列举利弊，无明显情感倾向词，且语气平和，多为中立态度。 第四步：排除干扰选项，锁定最优答案。中考选项中常存在两类干扰项：一是与文本情感倾向完全相反的选项（如文本支持却选项为反对）；二是“过度解读”选项（如文本仅表客观描述，选项却强加积极/消极态度）。解题时需逐一排除此类干扰项，选择与语篇情感基调、情感词汇及语境最贴合的态度表述，避免被个别词汇误导。 3. 解题原则 核心原则：态度必须贴合语篇整体情感基调，坚持“全文语境优先”，避免孤立解读单一词汇。具体需注意两点： 第一，拒绝“以偏概全”。文本中可能存在个别词汇与整体态度不一致的情况，例如作者在批判某现象时，可能用中性词“necessary”描述其存在的客观原因，此时不能仅凭“necessary”就判定为中立态度，而需结合全文批判的核心逻辑，明确整体态度。 第二，区分“客观描述”与“主观态度”。部分文本仅客观介绍某事物的特点、某事件的过程，无作者或人物的情感表达，此时态度应为“中立”，而非强行赋予支持或反对态度。同时，要注意区分作者的态度与文中不同人物的态度，若题干问“作者态度”，需排除文中其他人物的观点干扰，聚焦作者的论述逻辑和情感倾向。 【典例】（2025南京卷阅读理解D篇，第39题） （原文节选） Impact and Feedback The project not only cut the school's total carbon emissions by 45% but also changed students lifestyles.Lily, a 9th-grader, said,"I used to take the bus every day,but now I cycle with my friends. It's healthier and helps the planet!" Teachers noticed that students became more proactive in environmental issues, often reminding each other to tum off lights and save water. 39. What can we infer from the passage? A. The school has already achieved carbon neutrality. B.The reusable chopstick plan was rejected by the school board. C.The project focuses on both short-term actions and long-term habits. D. Sustainable agriculture will replace traditional food sources. 【解析】 第一步，明确态度主体为作者，对象为“碳中和卫士”项目；第二步，定位描述语句，“not only cut...but also changed...”为褒义表述，体现项目成效，目标设定体现积极导向；第三步，判断作者态度为支持、肯定；第四步，分析选项，“The project focuses on both short-term actions and long-term habits”符合作者对项目成效及目标的肯定态度，其他选项或与原文矛盾（A项已实现碳中和，原文为目标）、或无依据（B项可重复筷子计划被拒绝），最终确定答案。 三、主旨推理 1. 考查角度 该题型的核心考查方向的是学生对语篇整体的把控能力，具体聚焦于三个层面：一是推断语篇主旨，即概括全文围绕的核心话题或核心观点；二是推断段落大意，明确单个段落在全文中承担的功能及核心内容；三是推断作者写作意图，即判断作者撰写本文的目的，是传递知识、表达情感、阐明观点，还是呼吁行动等。 解题的关键在于精准把握全文逻辑框架，始终立足语篇整体，坚决避免被局部细节干扰。因为命题人常设置“以细节代主旨”的干扰选项，看似与原文内容一致，实则仅覆盖部分段落或个别情节，无法概括全文。在考查形式上，题干多围绕“主旨、意图、大意”设计，常见设问方式如：What is the main idea of the passage? What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? What does the passage mainly talk about? 2. 解题步骤 主旨推理题的解题需遵循循序渐进的逻辑，通过四步闭环确保答案的准确性，避免主观臆断。 第一步，梳理语篇结构，定位主题句。中考英语阅读理解语篇的常见结构为总分、分总、递进、并列四种，其中总分和分总结构最为普遍。主题句作为语篇核心思想的浓缩，多分布在文章开头（开门见山点明主旨）、结尾（总结全文升华主旨）或各段落首句（统领段落内容）；少数情况下主题句会隐藏在段落中间，需结合上下文逻辑提炼。例如总分结构的文章，开头主题句即全文核心，后续段落均为主题句提供例证或细节支撑；分总结构则需重点关注结尾段落，其往往对前文细节进行总结，点明全文主旨。 第二步，提取高频主题词，锁定核心论述对象。主题词是贯穿全文的核心词汇，可能以原词、同义词、近义词的形式反复出现，其数量通常为1-2个。通过提取主题词，可快速明确文章的论述范围，排除与主题词无关的干扰选项。 第三步，整合段落大意，概括核心思想并排除干扰项。在定位主题句、提取主题词的基础上，简要梳理各段落的核心内容，明确各段落与主题句、主题词的关联，进而概括出全文核心思想。此时需严格排除两类干扰选项：一是仅涉及局部细节的选项，这类选项虽符合原文内容，但无法覆盖全文；二是范围过大、超出语篇论述边界的选项，这类选项看似具有概括性，实则与原文核心无关。 第四步，验证主旨，确保全面无片面性。将初步概括的主旨与全文内容逐一对照，检查其是否能涵盖所有核心段落的内容，是否存在遗漏关键信息、偏向某一部分内容的情况。若主旨仅能对应部分段落，则需重新调整概括角度；若能统领全文各段落的核心逻辑，则可确定为正确主旨。 3. 解题原则 主旨推理题的核心解题原则是主旨的概括性与全面性，具体可拆解为两点： 第一，主旨必须具备概括性，能够高度浓缩全文核心思想，而非对某个细节的重复或描述。命题人常设置细节化选项作为干扰，这类选项往往对应原文中的某一句话或某一段落，看似正确，实则无法体现全文的整体逻辑，需坚决排除。例如一篇介绍“低碳生活方式”的文章，选项“骑自行车是低碳出行的一种方式”仅为文中一个具体案例，属于细节范畴，不能作为全文主旨。 第二，主旨必须具备全面性，能够覆盖全文的核心论述范围，避免片面化。部分干扰选项会只聚焦于文章的某一部分内容，忽略其他核心段落的观点，导致主旨不完整。例如一篇先介绍“人工智能的优势”、再分析“人工智能的潜在风险”的文章，主旨需同时兼顾“优势”与“风险”，若选项仅强调其中一方面，则属于片面化选项，应排除。 此外，还需注意“主旨与作者态度一致”的隐含原则：主旨需贴合作者的写作意图和情感倾向，若选项与作者的态度、立场相悖，即使具有概括性，也并非正确答案。 【典例】（2025年苏州卷阅读理解C篇，第21题） (第一段）A medical breakthrough in China is giving new hope to people with spinal cord injuries(脊髓损伤).Scientists have created a brain-spinal chip(芯片)that allows paralyzed(瘫痪的)patients to move their legs,and even walk again. （第二段）The chip,only 1 mm wide,is designed to be fitted into the brain and spinal cord.If thenatural communication between the brain and muscles(肌肉)is lost,this chip becomes thebridge.When the chips work,they create a direct connection between the brain and muscles. ...... ...... ...... (第六段）As the chip continues to improve,it lights a new path forward— one built on science,shaped by care,and aimed toward a brighter future. 21. What would be the best title of this passage? A. China's Chips Bring New Hope B. Future of China's Medical Science C. Science Fiction Changes Our Lives D. Challenges for Chinese Scientists 【解析】 第一步，梳理语篇结构，为“总-分-总”结构，开头介绍技术突破，中间阐述技术细节与临床案例，结尾展望未来；第二步，提取主题词“China's chips”“paralyzed patients”“hope”；第三步，分析选项，A项“China's Chips Bring New Hope”涵盖核心对象与情感基调，概括全文；排除其他选项（B项侧重医疗未来，范围过广；C项侧重科幻，与文本事实不符；D项侧重挑战，非全文核心），确定答案为A。 四、结论推理 1. 考查角度 结论推理是中考英语阅读理解推理判断题的核心题型之一，侧重考查学生对文本信息的深层解读与逻辑推导能力，而非对表层信息的简单抓取。其核心要求是：学生需基于文本明确给出的事实、细节、逻辑关系等信息，推断出符合原文逻辑的合理结论，坚决杜绝主观猜测、过度联想或脱离文本的臆断。这里的“合理结论”需满足双重属性——关联性与必然性：关联性指结论必须与文本核心内容紧密挂钩，不能偏离原文话题；必然性指结论是原文信息的自然推导结果，而非偶然成立的可能性表述，即原文信息足以支撑该结论，不存在逻辑漏洞或矛盾。 从中考命题规律来看，此类题型常针对文本细节组合、段落逻辑、全文主旨等层面设置选项，干扰项多为“看似合理但无文本支撑”“偷换概念”“扩大/缩小范围”“主观臆断情感态度”等类型。命题人通过该题型，检验学生是否能穿透文字表面，准确把握文本隐含的逻辑关联，实现从“读懂文字”到“读懂逻辑”的能力跃迁。 2. 解题步骤 结论推理题的解题需遵循严谨的逻辑流程，每一步都围绕“贴合文本、排除干扰、验证逻辑”展开，具体操作如下： 第一步，通读全文，梳理文本核心信息与逻辑脉络。通读并非逐字逐句精读，而是快速把握文本主旨、段落结构及关键信息点。首先明确文章体裁（记叙文、说明文、议论文等），记叙文需梳理人物、事件、因果关系；说明文需理清说明对象、特征、说明顺序；议论文需抓住论点、论据、论证逻辑。同时，标记与主题相关的关键细节（如时间、地点、数据、观点、转折关系等），构建起“主旨—细节—逻辑”的整体框架，为后续推理奠定基础。需注意，不可跳过通读直接定位选项，否则易因碎片化理解导致逻辑判断偏差。 第二步，分析各选项与文本信息的关联性，判断结论是否具有合理性、必然性。在梳理完文本框架后，逐一对应选项与原文信息。首先判断选项是否与文本话题相关，排除完全偏离主旨的选项；再进一步分析选项是否能由原文信息推导得出：若选项是原文某一细节的直接改写，属于表层信息，不属于“推理结论”；若选项是基于多个细节的组合推导，需验证细节之间的逻辑是否连贯，推导过程是否符合常理；若选项涉及全文层面的结论，需确保其贴合全文主旨，而非仅对应某一段落的片面信息。核心判断标准是“选项是否有原文依据，推导是否无懈可击”。 第三步，排除主观臆断、逻辑断裂的选项。这是解题的关键环节，需精准识别干扰项的典型特征。主观臆断类选项通常带有“可能”“也许”“应该”等模糊表述，或掺杂个人情感、生活经验，看似合理但无文本支撑；逻辑断裂类选项则表现为“原文信息与选项结论之间缺乏必然关联”，如偷换原文概念、扩大范围（将“部分”改为“全部”）、缩小范围（将“普遍现象”改为“个别案例”）、因果倒置等。排除时需牢记“原文为唯一依据”，不被自身经验或选项的“表面合理性”误导，严格以文本逻辑为判断准则。 第四步，验证结论，确保结论不超出文本隐含范围，与全文主旨契合。排除干扰项后，对剩余选项进行最终验证。首先检查结论是否超出文本隐含范围，若选项表述过于绝对（如“所有”“永远”），需确认原文是否有对应的绝对化依据，若无则需排除；其次验证结论是否与全文主旨一致，避免因聚焦细节而忽略整体逻辑，导致得出与主旨相悖的结论。同时，可反向推导：若该结论成立，是否与原文所有相关细节均无矛盾？若存在矛盾或模糊点，需重新审视，确保最终结论兼具“隐含性”“必然性”与“主旨一致性”。 3.解题原则 结论需基于文本信息，具有逻辑必然性，避免偶然化、主观化表述。结论推理题的核心是“有据可依、逻辑闭环”，解题时需保持客观理性，不加入个人主观判断，始终以文本信息为根本出发点，同时兼顾细节与主旨的统一，避免“只见树木不见森林”。 【典例】（2023年南通卷阅读理解C篇，第41题） （第一段）Climate change(气候变化)has brought a serious warning to the living areas of the Siberian crane,increasing the need to better protect the birds and their migratory channels(迁徙路径),an expert said. （第二段）The Siberian crane breeds(繁殖)in northeast Siberia in Russia and flies to Poyang Lake for the winter in East China's JiangxiProvince.About 95 percent of the birds spend the season in Poyang. （第三段）Qian Fawen,a research professor from the National Bird Banding Center of China,said that Poyang's water levels decide whether it is suitable for the birds to live there.However,climate change has made the levels change often.".... （第四段）The Siberian crane is listed as seriously endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List.... ...... ...... ...... ...... （第七段）After the Wetlands Protection Law,the nation's first law to protect wetlands,was introduced on June 1,2022,complete protection was strengthened.The law clearly explained what the government should do and introduced strict punishment for people who destroy wetland areas... （第八段）Key nature reserve management offices in China have reportedmore birds wintering in the nation's wetlands,including some newrare kinds.____________________ 41. What will the writer probably continue to write in“____"in Paragraph 8? A. People have done something to protect wetlands. B. The number of the birds has increased in wetlands. C. Experts will go on to do other research on wetlands. D. The government will make more laws to protect wetlands. 【解析】第一步：定位题干核心，明确解题方向。题干要求判断第8段空格处作者可能续写的内容，本质是考查“语篇上下文逻辑连贯性”——续写内容需与前一句衔接紧密，且符合全文核心话题（西伯利亚鹤保护、湿地保护及相关举措）。首先锁定前一句关键信息：“中国重点自然保护区管理办公室报告称，更多鸟类（包括一些新的珍稀种类）在国内湿地越冬”，续写内容需围绕“鸟类越冬数量/种类变化”这一核心延伸，或对该现象进行补充说明。第二步：逐一分析选项，排除矛盾项。前文第5-7段已详细阐述人类保护湿地的举措，包括《鸟类迁徙通道保护国家行动计划》、加入《拉姆萨尔湿地公约》、出台《湿地保护法》等，属于“已提及内容”。续写需补充新信息，而非重复前文的保护行动，故A不符合逻辑。前一句明确提到“更多鸟类越冬，包括新的珍稀种类”，B选项“湿地中鸟类数量增加”是对该句信息的自然延伸与细化，符合“先提出现象，再补充现象细节”的语篇逻辑，衔接流畅且不偏离核心。全文仅在第3段提及专家钱法文的观点，核心话题是“湿地保护举措及成效”，而非“专家研究”。前文未铺垫“专家研究”的相关延伸线索，C选项属于无中生有，与语篇逻辑脱节。第7段已明确提到《湿地保护法》（2022年实施），是我国首部湿地保护法律，前文未提及“现有法律不足”或“需要制定更多法律”的线索，D选项属于过度推断，不符合上下文逻辑。第三步：回归语篇核心，确认最优答案。全文核心围绕“气候变化对西伯利亚鹤的影响”及“中国的湿地与鸟类保护举措、成效”展开。空格前一句聚焦“保护成效（更多鸟类越冬）”，选项B承接该成效，补充鸟类数量变化的细节，与全文核心一致，且无重复、无偏离、无过度推断，为唯一符合逻辑的续写内容。故通过“定位衔接点→排除矛盾/无依据项→匹配语篇核心”三步推导，第41题正确答案为B。 Passage 1 （2025年江苏省南京市栖霞区中考三模英语试题）What if you could save an animal from extinction (灭绝)? A wildlife conservationist works to protect different environments and the animals that live there. This can involve making sure that habitats (栖息地) are safe from disease, harmful insects, fire and human destruction. He or she might also work to educate the public about the importance of caring for wildlife. A lucky, hard-working few might be part of a successful effort to bring a species back from the edge of extinction. That was the case for wildlife conservationists at the San Diego Zoo, who have helped save several species from dying out. The giant panda’s comeback is one of their more famous success stories. Working with experts in China, where pandas are from, the conservationists developed a milk formula for panda cubs that raised survival rates for cubs born in zoo s from 0 to nearly 100percent! They continue to spend many hours each week observing pandas at the zoo, so that they can learn what pandas need to survive in the wild. Although giant pandas are still vulnerable (脆弱的)，they were removed from the endangered species list in 2016. The California condor (秃鹰) has also rebounded, thanks to the work of conservationists. The California condor, a type of vulture and the largest flying bird in North America, was down to a population of only 22 in 1982. The San Diego Zoo Global Wildlife Conservancy collected those birds and began using special techniques to help them breed. They learned that the birds had very high levels of lead in their bodies. They figured out the problem was a result of the birds eating the remains of animals shot by hunters who had used lead bullets. The conservancy spread the word about using different kinds of ammunition for hunting. Now, there are 480 California condors, about half of which live in the wild. A wildlife conservationist must earn a college degree, often in biology or environmental engineering. He or she also should be someone who cares about the environment, is patient and likes to travel. “It takes a special kind of person to do it,” says Mike Sides, an ambassador to the San Diego Zoo Global Wildlife Conservancy. “You have to really see the bigger picture and be able to step out of your bubble and look at others’ needs... It all comes from the heart.” Even if it’s not the career you choose, you can get involved with conservation efforts. You can volunteer at a zoo, raise funds for charities that help animals and be mindful that the products you buy aren’t harmful to wildlife habitats. “In any sense,” says Mr. Sides, “if you’re involved in conservation efforts, you’re doing something cool.” 1．What may wildlife conservationists do to protect environments and animals? A．Film a documentary in the Pacific Ocean. B．Make a new home for harmful insects. C．Turn a habitat into farmland and cities. D．Educate kids about the importance of family life. 2．What can we know from the second paragraph? A．Giant pandas are now on the endangered species list. B．Wildlife conservationists should no longer study giant pandas. C．Wildlife conservationists only work with animals from their own country. D．Giant pandas have made a comeback because of efforts by wildlife conservationists. 3．How does the writer show conservationists’ effort to bring a species back from the edge of extinction? A．By explaining cause and effect. B．By comparing and contrasting. C．By expressing different opinions. D．By providing examples in detail. 4．According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following belongs in the empty box? A．treat wild animals in a special way B．remember humans’ needs with heart C．be willing to take on new challenges D．be creative enough to draw bigger pictures 5．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To remind volunteers of wildlife conservation efforts. B．To encourage people to take action to protect wildlife. C．To advise readers to choose conservationist as a career. D．To provide readers with environmental-friendly products. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．B 【解析】本文介绍野生动物保护主义者的工作，包括保护不同环境和动物，以圣地亚哥动物园保护大熊猫、加州秃鹰等成功案例，说明保护主义者对拯救濒危物种的努力，还提及保护主义者需具备的学历、品质，最后鼓励人们参与野生动物保护行动。 1．细节理解题。根据“A wildlife conservationist works to protect different environments and the animals that live there. This can involve making sure that habitats (栖息地) are safe from disease, harmful insects, fire and human destruction. He or she might also work to educate the public about the importance of caring for wildlife.”可知，即保护主义者会确保栖息地安全，开展公众教育。D选项“教育孩子家庭生活的重要性”符合题意。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“That was the case for wildlife conservationists at the San Diego Zoo, who have helped save several species from dying out. The giant panda’s comeback is one of their more famous success stories.”可知，因保护主义者努力，大熊猫数量回升，D选项“大熊猫因野生动物保护主义者努力而数量回升”符合题意。故选D。 3．推理判断题。通读原文可知，文章以圣地亚哥动物园保护大熊猫、加州秃鹰为例，详细阐述保护行动，D选项“通过详细举例”符合题意。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“You have to really see the bigger picture and be able to step out of your bubble and look at others’ needs... It all comes from the heart.”可知，要走出自己的圈子，看到他人所需，这体现了勇于面对和接受新挑战的品质。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Even if it’s not the career you choose, you can get involved with conservation efforts... if you’re involved in conservation efforts, you’re doing something cool.”可知，最后一段鼓励人们参与保护行动，B选项“鼓励人们采取行动保护野生动物”符合题意。故选B。 Passage 2 （2025年江苏省无锡市锡山区天一中学九年级四模英语试卷） Reporter: What is the process of recycling? Jerry: It starts with taking used materials that can be recycled to your local recycling center. Put them in the correct bin there. These will be reused as materials for a new purpose. Then, a recyclable product is turned back into a basic form that can be used to create a new and different product. Recycling efforts can greatly reduce additional waste that will not only harm the planet today, but future generations as well. The natural resources on our planet are limited, so we must make the most to conserve (节约使用), recycle and reuse whenever possible. Reporter: What can we recycle? Jerry: Not all materials are recyclable. Among the items that are recycled are paper towels, cardboard boxes, plastic containers, crayons, etc. Reporter: Why do you think recycling is important? Jerry: Recycling our waste makes us more responsible in the way we deal with it. Studies show that people who do this are more likely to cut down on buying things that are unnecessary. They think of how to deal with the packaging after use even before buying them. As a result, people end up saving money while also saving the planet. Reporter: Oh, that reminds me, waste not, want not. Jerry: That’s right. Recycling can also help develop communities. Many community groups raise money through reusing and recycling goods. They take our unwanted clothes, furniture and other household items to resell. Reporter: Hopefully, our efforts will pay off because if we take care of our planet, it will take care of us. 1．This is most probably ▲ . A．a private dialogue B．an introduction C．a public discussion D．an interview 2．Why does the reporter say “Oh, that reminds me, waste not, want not.”? A．To introduce a new study about recycling. B．To bring up a new topic for their discussion. C．To show support for Jerry’s idea on recycling. D．To express doubts about Jerry’s recycling plan. 3．What can we learn from the interview? ①Recycling efforts can help make better communities. ②Nature has its own cycle and can deal with the waste. ③Recycling is a journey of turning waste into new hope. ④A green-thinking customer thinks twice before buying. A．①③④ B．②③④ C．①②③ D．①②④ 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 【解析】本文是一篇采访对话，主要围绕回收利用的过程、可回收物品以及回收的重要性展开讨论。 1．推理判断题。根据全文结构可知，记者与Jerry以问答形式展开对话，内容涉及回收利用的具体问题和意义，所以文章最有可能是一次采访。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“Recycling our waste makes us more responsible in the way we deal with it. Studies show that people who do this are more likely to cut down on buying things that are unnecessary. They think of how to deal with the packaging after use even before buying them. As a result, people end up saving money while also saving the planet.”可知，Jerry认为回收利用我们的废弃物能让人们既节省钱，又保护地球；根据“Oh, that reminds me, waste not, want not.”可知，记者引用谚语“waste not, want not”（勤俭节约，吃穿不缺）是为了支持Jerry的观点。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Recycling can also help develop communities.”可知，回收利用的努力有助于打造更美好的社区，①正确；根据“These will be reused as materials for a new purpose. Then, a recyclable product is turned back into a basic form that can be used to create a new and different product.”可知，可回收的产品可以被用来创造一个新的和不同的产品，即：回收利用是变废为宝，③正确；根据“Recycling our waste makes us more responsible in the way we deal with it. Studies show that people who do this are more likely to cut down on buying things that are unnecessary.”可知，一些有环保意识的消费者可能减少购买不必要的东西，即：在购买东西之前会再三考虑，④正确。故选A。 Passage 3 （2025年江苏省徐州市铜山区中考三模英语试题）Feng Yinan, an 88-year-old woman from Jiangsu province, has amazed the public by taking 97 exams since 2009 to get three university degrees in Nanjing. With a head of white hair, Feng stood out among young students in exam rooms. When people asked her why she kept taking self-study exams at such an old age, she said, “Self-study exams are my lifelong dream.” Feng first started her self-study in 1988. But she was doing a busy job at that time. Besides, as a mother, she had to take care of two daughters. As a result, her dream of getting a better education had to wait. After Feng retired (退休), her old dream woke up. She worked up her courage to sign up for the exams. That autumn, at the age of 72, she again picked up the textbooks that she had laid down for many years. It was not easy for her to remember things as she aged. The rapid development of knowledge made it more difficult for her. But she never gave up. Feng is strict with herself. During the years, she put her studies in the first place. She seldom visited others and seldom took breaks even on holidays. She gave up all free-time activities—no parties, no birthday celebrations. She devoted all her time and attention to books. With strong will, Feng planned and finished her self-study exams. Over 16 years, Feng sat 97 exams and achieved passing grades in 44 subjects. “These exams not only made my dream come true, but also helped me keep up with modern times,” Feng said. Now, Feng has decided to put an end to her studies for health reasons. Yet, she has found herself a new interest—learning to play the piano on her smartphone. Feng hopes her story can encourage young people to catch the chance to study hard and keep learning through life. 1．When did Feng Yinan start taking self-study exams? A．When she was quite young. B．When she was middle-aged. C．Shortly before she retired. D．In her early seventies. 2．According to Paragraph 4, what challenges did Feng have during her studies? A．Strict exam rules and little time. B．Few textbooks and learning tools. C．Poor memory and new knowledge. D．The stress from her work and family. 3．Which word can best describe Feng? A．Helpful and clever. B．Creative and generous. C．Kind-hearted and sincere. D．Hard-working and strong-willed. 4．What can we learn from Feng’s story? A．It’s never too old to learn. B．Every coin has two sides. C．Many hands make light work. D．The early bird catches the worm. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文通过88岁的冯忆难坚持16年参加97场自学考试的事迹，歌颂了她终身学习的精神和顽强毅力，并呼吁年轻人珍惜学习机会。 1．细节理解题。根据“After Feng retired (退休), her old dream woke up. She worked up her courage to sign up for the exams. That autumn, at the age of 72, she again picked up the textbooks that she had laid down for many years.”可知，冯忆难是在72岁时开始参加自学考试的，也就是在她七十出头的时候。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“It was not easy for her to remember things as she aged. The rapid development of knowledge made it more difficult for her.”可知，冯忆难在学习过程中面临的挑战是记忆力差和知识的快速更新。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“During the years, she put her studies in the first place. She seldom visited others and seldom took breaks even on holidays. She gave up all free - time activities—no parties, no birthday celebrations. She devoted all her time and attention to books.”以及“With strong will, Feng planned and finished her self - study exams.”可知，冯忆难学习刻苦，意志坚强。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，88岁的冯忆难从72岁开始参加自学考试，通过努力获得了三个大学学位，她的故事告诉我们“活到老，学到老”。故选A。 Passage 4 （2025年江苏省常熟市昆承中学中考二模英语试题）If you are reading this, you were probably born in the 2000s. The oh-ohs. The 21st century. That would make you young, creative, and no doubt smart. Maybe good-looking, too. Right? But what do other people think about your generation? Some adults worry that you’re more interested in the screen in front of you than the world around you. They think of you as the “face-down generation” because you use your phone so much. They wonder how you will deal with school, friends and family. Are today’s teenagers too busy texting and taking selfies (自拍) to become successful in real life or “IRL”, as you would say? Other adults worry that today’s youth are spoilt (溺爱) and don’t want to face the challenges of adult life. Many children born in the 1990s and 2000s were raised by “helicopter parents” who were always there to guide and help their children with a busy schedule filled with homework and after-school activities such as dancing, drawing, or sports. With parents who do everything for them, today’s youth seem to prefer to live like teenagers even when they are in their 20s or 30s. Does the face-down generation need a heads-up? Well, probably not. The fact is that many of today’s teenagers are better educated and more creative than past generations. They also seem to be willing to become leaders. More young people than ever volunteer to help their communities. There are also brave young people such as Malala Yousafzai, the teenager who won the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize for pushing girls’ rights to go to school. So if you’re one of the oh-ohs, there’s no reason to be worried about the future. Things are looking up for the face-down generation. 1．Who is this passage written for? A．The teenager. B．The teachers. C．The parents. D．The oh-ohs. 2．What do helicopter parents always do? A．Help and direct their children. B．Do homework instead of children. C．Guide children to face challenges. D．Plan a busy schedule for children. 3．How does the writer feel about the younger generation? A．Anxious. B．Confident. C．Dissatisfied. D．Helpless 4．What can we learn according to the passage? A．Parents should put down their phones. B．Young people should be better educated. C．The oh-ohs should be hopeful about the future. D．Face-down generation should raise their heads. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【解析】本文讲述了00后的特点以及社会对他们的不同看法。 1．细节理解题。根据“If you are reading this, you were probably born in the 2000s. The oh-ohs.”可知，这篇文章的写作对象是出生于21世纪的年轻人，即“the oh-ohs”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Many children…were raised by ‘helicopter parents’ who were always there to guide and help their children with a busy schedule…”可知，“直升机父母”总是帮助和指导孩子，并为他们安排繁忙的日程。故选A。 3．观点态度题。根据“So if you’re one of the oh-ohs, there’s no reason to be worried about the future. Things are looking up for the face-down generation.”可知，作者对年轻一代的未来持积极态度，充满信心。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“there’s no reason to be worried about the future”和“Things are looking up for the face-down generation”可知，作者认为“oh-ohs”一代应对未来充满希望。故选C。 Passage 5 （2025年江苏省南通市海安十三校中考第二次模拟考试英语试题）Climate change has brought a serious warning of not having enough water and animal disappearing if we don’t care about Mother Nature. Indeed, many efforts have been made by different organizations, encouraging us to save the earth. These have certainly raised awareness of the environmental problems, and laws have been made by governments to reduce pollution. However, I don’t think people are doing enough to protect the environment. Every year about 9 million people die from pollution—related causes and that is 3 times more than deaths because of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. This number shows that many people pay little attention to the environment — in their daily lives. And there’re not enough actions to prevent the biodiversity (生物多样性) loss, climate change and pollution. What we need to do, is to first relook the way we live. For the past 2 years, I have been trying to protect the environment. Firstly, I am more careful with the use of electricity. I used to turn on all the lights when entering a room. Now I make it a point to open the curtains and let natural light in. If it gets dark, I turn on only one light and make sure to turn it off when leaving the room. This has worked wonders and my parents are pleased too, as it has cut our electricity bill by 50 percent. ① Besides energy protection, I’ve formed the habit of bringing my own reusable bags wherever I go. This greatly reduces my need of plastic bags! Whenever I go shopping, I use my own reusable bags instead of plastic bags offered. It takes time and effort to wash up, but when I count the number of plastic bags that I would save with this small behavior, it’s well worth those extra minutes of my time. ② Finally, being a carnivore (食肉动物), I can never completely give up meat. Yet, after reading an article showing how a vegan (素食主义者) diet could cut global greenhouse emissions by about 70 percent, I decided to do something—be vegetarian once a week. ③ At a UN meeting in December 2018, where over 200 countries met to find 9 practical ways to reduce carbon, the most important reminder was that we are the last generation that can stop climate change. ④ 1．What does the underlined word “These” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The importance of saying no to pollution. B．The awareness of protecting the environment. C．The efforts organizations have made to save the earth. D．The laws governments have made to reduce pollution. 2．What are Paragraph 3, Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．How the writer is careful with energy. B．How the writer protects the environment. C．What the writer does to save electricity. D．What the writer gets from his experience. 3．According to this passage, which of the following is true? A．Now all people around the world have done a lot to save the energy. B．In 2018 more than 200 countries met to find ways to reduce pollution. C．Every year AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria cause more deaths than pollution. D．For many years the writer has been caring about the environment in his daily life. 4．In which place of this passage can the sentence “If that is true, I hope to be able to say that I have done my part to protect the one place we all call home.” be put into? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文主要讲述了气候变化和环境问题对人类生存的严重威胁，以及个人在环境保护方面可以采取的具体行动。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Indeed, many efforts have been made by different organizations, encouraging us to save the earth.”可知，“These”指代的是前面提到的各种组织为拯救地球所做的努力。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据“For the past 2 years, I have been trying to protect the environment. Firstly…Besides energy protection…Finally, being a carnivore…”以及内容可知第三段讲述节约用电，第四段讲述使用可重复使用的袋子，第五段讲述减少肉类消费，这些都是作者保护环境的具体做法。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“At a UN meeting in December 2018, where over 200 countries met to find 9 practical ways to reduce carbon”可知2018年，200多个国家齐聚一堂，寻找减少污染的方法。故选B。 4．推理判断题。这句话表达的是希望为保护地球尽一份力，与最后一段“the most important reminder was that we are the last generation that can stop climate change(最重要的提醒是，我们是能够阻止气候变化的最后一代人)” 相呼应，因此放在④处最合适。故选D。 Passage 6 This semester, at a middle school in Jiangsu Province, there have been big changes both for students and teachers. These changes happened because AI tools were used. By using AI to create personalized exercises and exams, teachers at the school can adjust their teaching methods to suit each student’s needs and abilities.   After students finish studying a unit, teachers use AI to pick different questions from an online database (数据库) that includes various extracurricular (课外的) materials. This helps create a customized set of exercises for the unit, helping students strengthen their knowledge. These exercises are then printed on paper. “With this special learning material created by AI, we don’t need to carry all the heavy exercise books any more.” said the 14-year-old He Liyan.   Students answer the exercise questions on answer sheets. Teachers collect these sheets, scan them into an AI system for grading. The AI creates numbers and graphics (图形) that help teachers understand each student’s performance as well as how the whole class is doing overall. “Our teacher no longer explains all the questions one by one. Instead, she looks at the common mistakes and provides one-on-one help for every one of us,” said the 15-year-old Wang Dinghan. What’s more, students can get special error log (错题日志) or homework created by AI depending on their performance in previous exams. “The homework is all about what I got wrong before, so I don’t need to practice over and over again what I already understand,” said He. “I used to have a notebook copying my mistakes so that I can study them,” said Yu Zifu, 15. “But now, AI has done this for me!” 1．How does AI help teachers at school? A．By doing teachers’ jobs. B．By making books lighter. C．By reducing teachers’ work stress. D．By using personalized exercises and exams. 2．The underlined word “customized” in Paragraph 2 most likely means ________. A．printed on paper. B．made for each student. C．chosen from a database. D．full of extracurricular materials. 3．What can we infer about the teachers’ new method after using AI? A．They explain all the questions one after another. B．They require students to write down their errors. C．They pay more attention to students’ common mistakes. D．They spend more time checking homework than before. 4．What is the main idea of this passage? A．AI finds wrong answers faster. B．AI can help students study better. C．Teachers use smart computers now. D．Students get less homework every day. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了江苏某中学引入AI工具后，在教学中通过个性化练习、智能分析等方式提升教学效率和学生学习效果的情况。 1．细节理解题。根据“By using AI to create personalized exercises and exams, teachers at the school can adjust their teaching methods to suit each student’s needs and abilities.”可知，AI通过生成个性化练习和考试帮助教师调整教学方法。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据“After students finish studying a unit, teachers use AI to pick different questions...helping create a customized set of exercises for the unit”可知，AI根据每个单元为学生挑选不同问题，生成“定制化”练习。“customized”意为“为每个学生定制的”，与B选项“made for each student”相符。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Our teacher no longer explains all the questions one by one. Instead, she looks at the common mistakes and provides one-on-one help”可知，教师不再逐题讲解，而是关注共同错误并提供个性化辅导。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。全文围绕AI在教学中的应用展开，包括生成个性化练习、智能分析错题等，核心是AI帮助学生提升学习效果。故选B。 Passage 7 （2025年江苏省镇江市丹阳市中考二模英语试卷）Life is always changing. The only thing that never changes is change itself. There can be lots of new things that happen in your life. Sometimes that’s great but at other times it can make you feel unsure and worried. The changes which make you happy are positive changes. You make them happen by yourself and they bring you happy feelings, like making a new friend. However, some changes you face could make you feel worried or uncertain. They can be big things like moving schools, a friend going away or family life changing. They can be smaller ones like a new teacher taking over your class. All of these things can bring up some pretty big feelings. Change can be difficult to deal with because it often brings feelings of uncertainty. Scientists explain that our brains love things take place in a usual way. They make us feel safe. When something changes, like starting a new school or moving to a new home, it can feel like stepping into an unknown world. It’s like going on a surprise journey without a map. This can make us feel nervous or worried because we don’t know what to expect. Of course, life would be boring if everything stayed the same all the time. Trying new things and making changes help you discover what you like—and don’t like. For example, if you didn’t try new ice cream, how would you have known you love it? It also helps you to grow and learn new skills. There are simple things you can do to make it easier to deal with life changes. Firstly, share your thoughts and feelings with someone you trust. It helps to put your worries into words. Then, think of change as an experience. Ask questions and learn as much as you can about what’s new. Finally, look for things that stay the same—maybe you still have your favourite game or book with you. This helps create a sense of comfort. 1．How does the writer organize his ideas in this passage? A．Time order. B．Space order. C．From general to specific. D．From specific to general. 2．Which of the following is a positive change according to the passage? A．Nancy received a nice hair clip at her birthday party. B．Daniel joined the basketball team because he loved sports. C．Simon were asked to give a speech on how to make friends. D．Millie failed the final exam though she always worked hard. 3．What’s the writer’s opinion towards life changes? A．Big or small changes can influence you much. B．Making changes depends on your likes and dislikes. C．Our brains like changes because they make us feel safe. D．Looking for changes helps create a comfortable feeling. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 【解析】本文通过阐述生活中变化的相关内容，表达对生活变化的看法，并给出应对建议。 1．推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，本文先总体说生活在变化，接着具体讲生活中变化的不同影响、变化难应对的原因、变化的好处以及应对变化的方法，是“从一般到具体”的结构。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“You make them happen by yourself and they bring you happy feelings, like making a new friend.”可知，文中表述的是自己主动做且带来积极感受的变化，选项B“丹尼尔因为热爱运动而加入了篮球队。”属于积极变化，且是自身主动促成的变化。故选B。 3．观点态度题。根据“They can be big things like moving schools, a friend going away or family life changing. They can be smaller ones like a new teacher taking over your class. All of these things can bring up some pretty big feelings.”可知，作者认为无论大小变化都对人影响大。故选A。 Passage 8 （2025年江苏省常州市新闸中学中考三模英语试题）There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food. Taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. The general sleeping rule is that the younger you are, the longer sleep you need. But regardless of (不管) age, some people need to sleep more while for some a few hours is enough. The problem with sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough. According to the World Health Organization, over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived. Having less sleep not only makes people feel tired but also causes accidents. In the United States alone, sleepy drivers cause at least 100,000 traffic accidents a year. Also sleep problems can cause medical problems such as high blood pressure (血压). Why are so many people sleep-deprived? Part of the reasons may be cultural. In the American culture, people put a higher value on work than on sleep. In fact, people who sleep a lot are usually seen as “lazy”. Also, you can sometimes hear some people say proudly that they don’t have much time to sleep. they only sleep four or five hours a night. It seems that the less you sleep, the more work you’ll do. How do we teach these people to learn the value of sleep? Perhaps they may listen to the advice of Dr. James Maas an expert (专家) in sleep. He says , “Sleep is like a credit (信用卡) card. When you sleep less, you are only borrowing time. You always have to pay it back. The more hours you don’t sleep, the more hours you should sleep to ‘pay back’ the hours on your ‘sleep credit card.” For those who value work more than sleep, they should listen to what a famous person once said. “Don’t think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish (愚蠢的) idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more.” 1．According to the writer, the easiest and cheapest way to improve health is to _________. A．eat healthy food every day B．take exercise as much as possible C．get medical help whenever necessary D．sleep eight hours or more every night 2．What does “sleep-deprived” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Having a good sleep. B．Excited about sleep. C．Having less sleep. D．Interested in sleep. 3．According to Dr. James Maas, what is sleep like? A．An hour. B．A report. C．A credit card. D．A piece of paper. 4．What do the words of the famous person mean in Paragraph 5? A．Sleeping during the night is foolish. B．Sleeping during the night is helpful. C．People have no courage. D．People always do less work. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文探讨了睡眠对健康的重要性，指出尽管有多种改善健康的方法，但每晚保证八小时或更多的睡眠是最简单、最便宜的方式。 1．细节理解题。根据“But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night.”可知，作者认为最简单和最便宜的改善健康的方法是每晚睡8小时或更多。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“The problem with sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough. According to the World Health Organization, over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived.”可知，世界上越来越多的人睡眠不足。根据世界卫生组织的数据，世界上超过一半的人可能睡眠不足，所以划线词指“睡眠不足”，即“Having less sleep”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Sleep is like a credit (信用卡) card.”可知，Dr. James Maas认为睡眠就像一张信用卡。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Don’t think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish (愚蠢的) idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more.”可知，不要因为晚上睡觉就认为自己会做得更少，这是一种愚蠢的想法，只有没有想象力的人才会这么想。你将会做得更多。这段话表明晚上睡觉是有益的，不要因为睡觉就认为自己会少做工作。故选B。 Passage 10 Imagine having a conversation with your friend, and you feel happy about it at the end of the conversation, but you are not quite sure why. Now imagine having the same conversation, but this time you feel excited because you know more about your friend. What’s the difference? In the second case, you know exactly how you feel, which helps you deal with the situation effectively (有效地). This way of understanding and naming feelings in different situations is called emotional granularity (情绪粒度). Life is like a box of chocolates. It often presents us with different emotions. Understanding these feelings is important for a happy life. Those with high emotional granularity can name their feelings exactly. Instead of saying “I feel happy”, they would say, “I’m happy about the deep friendship and satisfied with the moment with my friend. I value our friendship and will remember it forever.” People with higher emotional granularity have more developed brain structure in emotional-processing areas. These areas in the brain work well together. They help us notice our emotions, name them, and react to them more correctly. Developing the ability to name feelings very well can build an emotional immune system (免疫系统) against mood disorders. The benefits of emotional granularity are far-reaching. It helps people manage their emotions better, and then improve relationships with family and friends. Actually, emotional granularity is not only gifted but can also be nurtured. To build emotional granularity, you can learn more emotional words, keep an emotional diary, try different emotional experiences, and often play emotional role-playing games. All in all, in real conversations, emotional granularity helps people make better decisions in many social situations. It also makes us stronger and better at dealing with stress by noticing emotional problems early. 1．Why does the writer begin the passage by comparing facts? A．To teach us how to deal with emotions. B．To encourage us to express our feelings. C．To lead into the topic of emotional granularity. D．To show the difference between feelings and expressions. 2．How do people with high emotional granularity express their feelings? A．They share their true feelings easily. B．They express their emotions exactly. C．They show the facts and avoid expressing their feelings. D．They use some single words to express their emotions. 3．How can you build an emotional immune system? A．By eating healthy food. B．By learning more words. C．By playing outdoor games. D．By practicing naming emotions exactly. 4．What does the underlined word “nurtured” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Developed. B．Described. C．Chosen. D．Checked. 5．Why does the writer write this text? A．To show the ways to control emotions. B．To call us to develop emotional granularity. C．To explain the benefits of noticing emotions. D．To give opinions about emotional granularity. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．B 【解析】本文主要讲述了情绪粒度的概念，解释了具有高情绪粒度的人能准确说出感受，还提到高情绪粒度者的大脑结构特点、情绪粒度的好处以及培养情绪粒度的方法，最后强调情绪粒度在实际交谈中能帮助人们做出更好决策和应对压力。 1．细节理解题。根据第一自然段可知，文章开头通过比较两种对话情景，即感到快乐但不确定原因和因更了解朋友而兴奋来引入核心概念“情绪粒度”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“People with higher emotional granularity have more developed brain structure in emotional - processing areas. These areas in the brain work well together. They help us notice our emotions, name them, and react to them more correctly.”可知，情绪粒度较高的人在情绪处理区域的大脑结构更发达。大脑中的这些区域协同工作良好。它们帮助我们注意到我们的情绪，说出它们的名字，并对它们做出更正确的反应。因此情绪粒度较高的人能准确地表达了自己的情感。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据Developing the ability to name feelings very well can build an emotional immune system (免疫系统) against mood disorders.和“To build emotional granularity, you can learn more emotional words, keep an emotional diary, try different emotional experiences, and often play emotional role-playing games.”可知，通过“准确命名情绪”可建立情绪免疫系统，可通过练习命名情绪，如写情绪日记等来培养这一能力。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据“Actually, emotional granularity is not only gifted but can also be nurtured.”可知，情绪粒度不仅有天赋，而且应是可以被培养，natured“培养”，与developed含义一致。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章主要讲述了情绪粒度的概念，解释了具有高情绪粒度的人能准确说出感受，还提到高情绪粒度者的大脑结构特点、情绪粒度的好处以及培养情绪粒度的方法，最后强调情绪粒度在实际交谈中能帮助人们做出更好决策和应对压力。因此可推知作者写本篇文章的目的是呼吁我们培养情绪粒度。故选B。 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $