内容正文:
2026人教版英语八下单元知识清单
Unit 6 Crossing Cultures
话题:跨文化→了解关于不同文化的问候以及习俗→就就餐礼仪提供建议
→遵守以及尊重不同国家习俗
一、必备单词
Section A
1. bow /bau/v.&n.鞠躬
2. bump /bʌmp/v.碰;撞;碰撞;(撞击造成的)肿块
3. fist /fɪst/n.拳头
4. rub /rʌb/v.摩擦;揉
5. kiss /kɪs/v.亲吻 n.吻
6. cheek/tʃi:k/n.脸颊
7. hug /hʌg/v.&n.拥抱
8. embarrassed /ɪm'bærəst/adj.尴尬的
9.confused /kən'fju:zd/adj.惑的
10.formal /'fɔ:ml/adj.正式的
11.curry/'kʌri/n.咖喱菜
12.rude /ru:d/adj.粗鲁的
13.palm/pa:m/n.手掌
14.fork /fɔ:k/n.叉子
15.manner/'mænə(r)/n.方式;pl.manners)礼仪
16.unless /ən'les/conj.除非;如果不
17.proper/'prɒpə(r)/adj.恰当的;正确的
18.elbow/'elbəʊ/n.手肘
19.chopstick /'t∫ɒpstɪk/n.(usually pl.)筷子
Section B
1.custom/'kʌstom/n.习俗
2.occasion /ə'keʒn/n.场合;重大活动
3.blouse /blaʊz/n.(女式)衬衫或短上衣
4.private /'praɪvət/adj.不喜欢谈论私事的;私人的
5.whether /'weðə(r)/conj.是否
6.jeans /dʒi:nz/n.牛仔裤
7.marry/'mæri/v.结婚;娶;嫁
8. congratulate /kən'grætʃuleɪt/v.祝贺
9.Asian/'eɪʃn/adj.亚洲的 n.亚洲人
10.tradition /trə'diʃn/n.传统
11. receive /rɪ'si:v/v.收到
12.sign-off/'saɪn ɒf/n.结束写信
13.main /meɪn/adj.主要的
14.false /fɔ:ls/adj.错误的;不真实的
15.impression /ɪm'preʃn/n.印象
16.cheer /tʃɪə(r)/n.欢呼 .庆祝
17.cheers /tʃɪəz/interj.再见;干杯
2、 词性变化
1.shake v.(shook,shaken)与(某人)握手;摇动;n.摇动;握手→shaking n.摇动;震动
2.bow v.&n.鞠躬→bowed adj.弯曲的;鞠躬的→bowing n.鞠躬;弯腰
3.bump v.碰;撞;n.碰撞;(撞击造成的)肿块→ bumpy adj.颠簸的;崎岖不平的
4.rub v.摩擦;揉;n.摩擦;按摩→rubbing n.摩擦;拓印;rubber n.橡皮;橡胶
5.kiss v.亲吻;n.吻→kissing n.亲吻;接吻→ kissed adj.被亲吻的
6,hug v.&n.拥抱→ hugging n.拥抱;搂抱→ hugged adj.被拥抱的
7.embarrassed adj.尴尬的→embarrass v.使尴尬;使难堪→embarrassment n.尴尬;难堪→embarrassing adj.使人难堪的
8.confused adj.困惑的→ confuse v.使困惑;混淆→ confusion n.困惑;混乱→ confusing adj.令人困惑的
9.formal adj.正式的→formally adv.正式地;形式上→formality n.礼节;正式手续→ informal adj.非正式的(反义词)
10.rude adj.粗鲁的→rudely adv.粗鲁地;无礼地→rudeness n.粗鲁;无礼
11.uncommon adj.罕见的;不寻常的→ common adj.常见的;普通的(反义词)→commonly adv通常;常常
12.Indian adj.印度的;印度人的;n.印度人→ Indian.印度(国家名)
13.proper adj.恰当的;正确的→ properly adv.适当地;正确地→ propriety n.适当;得体
14.serving adj.分菜用的;n.一份食物→serve v.服务;提供;端上(食物)→service n.服务;服务行业→server n.服务员;发球者
15.cultural adj.与文化有关的;文化的→culture n.文化;文明→culturally adv.从文化角度;在文化上
16.custom n.习俗→customary adj.习惯的;通常的
17.occasion n.场合;重大活动→occasional ad.偶尔的;偶然的→occasionally adv.偶尔;间或
18.nicely adv.漂亮地;令人愉快地→nice adj.美好的;令人愉快的→ niceness n. 美好:愉快
19.private adj.不喜欢谈论私事的;私人的→ privately adv.私下地;秘密地→ privacy n.隐私;私密
20.married adj.已婚的;婚姻的→marry v.结婚;娶;嫁→marriage n.婚姻;婚姻生活
21.unsafe adj.不安全的;危险的→ safe adj.安全的(反义词)→ safely adv.安全地;平安地 一safety n.安全;安全处所
22.improper adj.不合适的→ proper adj.恰当的;正确的(反义词)→properly adv.适当地;正确地
23.informal adj.非正式的→ formal adj.正式的(反义词)→formally adv.正式地
24.congratulate v.祝贺congratulation n.祝贺;恭喜(常用复数 congratulations)
25.Asian adj.亚洲的;n.亚洲人→Asian.亚洲(大洲名)
26.tradition n.传统→ traditional adj.传统的;惯例的→traditionally adv.传统上;习惯上
27.firstly adv.第一;首先 → first adj.第一的;最初的;adv.首先;第一:n.第一;开始
28.secondly adv.第二;其次→second adj.第二的;adv.第二;n.秒;第二名
29.thirdly adv.第三- third adj.第三的;adv.第三;n.三分之一;第三名
30.correctly adv.正确地;得体地→ correct adj.正确的;恰当的;v.纠正;改正→ correction n.纠正;改正
31.receive v.收到→receipt n.收据;收条→receiver n.接收者;接收器→reception n.接待
32.main adj.主要的→ mainly adv.主要地;大体上→main n.千线;总管道32.false adj.错误的;不真实的→falsely adv.错误地;虚假地→falseness n.错误;虚假
33.impress inn.印象→impress v.给……留下深刻印象→impressive adj.令人印象深刻的→impressed adj.印象深刻的
34.cheer n.欢呼;v.庆祝→ cheerful adj.快乐的;愉快的→cheerfully adv.快乐地;愉快地
三、高频短语
1.
1
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2. shake hands 握手
2. give or take things with your left hand用左手递或接东西
3. remember to do sth 记得做某事
4. in your right hand 在你右手中
5.sit up 坐直
6.keep...off 使不碰到;使避开
7.stand up 站起来
8.serving chopsticks 公筷
9.give sb some advice on 给某人一些关于……的建议
10. take off 脱下
11.expect sb to do sth 期盼某人做某事
12.on time 按时
13.stick..into.. 把……插人…
14.invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
15.be different from与…不同
16. get off the plane 下飞机
17. on one's right and left 在某人的左右
18.plenty of很多;大量
19.stand close to sb 站得离某人近
20.be/get used to 习惯于
21. arrival time 到达时间
22. table manners 餐桌礼仪
23. safe conversation topics 安全的交谈话题
24. greet sb 问候某人
25. say goodbye 道别
26. hear from得到……消息
27. a little lonely 有点孤独
28. at first 一开始
29. share...with…和…分享…
30. on time 按时
31. get sth ready 准备某物
32. dress for the occasion 根据场合着装
33. last but not least 最后但同样重要的是
34. go along way帮助很大
35. explain sth to sb 为某人解释某事
36. can't wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事
37. on the wrong date 在错误的日期
38. in one's forties 四十多岁
39. be worried about doing sth 担心做某事
40. give people the false impression给人错误的印象
41. look forward to doing sth 期待做某事
四、重点句型
1.用左手递或接东西是无礼的。
It is rude to give or take things with your left hand.
2.但是英国的餐桌礼仪太令人困惑了,以至于我有点担心。
But English table manners are so confusing that I'm a little worried.
3.带个小礼物,但除非主人要求,否则别带食物。
Bring a small gift, but don't bring food unless the host asks you to.
4.你能告诉我使用刀叉的正确方法吗?
Could you tell me the proper way to use a knife and fork too?
5.在日本,我们一见到老师就鞠躬。
In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher.
6.在土耳其,人们不会亲吻对方的脸颊,除非他们是好朋友。
In Türkiye, people don't kiss one another on the cheek unless they are good friends.
7.……当你拜访某人时,带一件礼物很重要
it's important to bring a gift when you visit someone.
8.……除非你非常了解这个人,否则最好别问私人问题。
..It's best not to ask personal questions unless you know the person quite well.
9.他们不喜欢别人问他们的年龄、家庭、是否已婚或者挣多少钱。
They don't like it when others ask them about their age,their family,whether they are married,or how much money they make.
10.这里很多人说英语,但是如果你使用法语,你能与他们建立更亲密的关系。
Lots of people speak English here, but you can develop closer relationships with them if you use French.
11.我一飞到上海就会去拜访赵一家人。
I'll meet the Zhaos as soon as I land in Shanghai.
12.第一印象非常重要,我不想说错话或做错事!
First impressions are so important that I don't want to say or do anything wrong!
五、知识点归纳
1.-ed和-ing结尾的形容词
后缀
用法
例子
-ed
常用于修饰人,意为“感到。。。的”
amazed 惊讶的
confused 困惑的
-ing
常用于修饰物,意为“令人。。。的”
amazing 令人惊讶的
confusing 令人困惑的
A survey showed people were confused about what
they should eat to stay healthy.一项调查表明,人们对应该吃什么来保持健康很困惑。
But English table manners are so confusing that I'ma little worried.但是英国的餐桌礼仪太令人困惑了,我有点担心。(教材原文)
3. manner n 方式;(pl.manners)礼仪常用单数形式
方式
mannerIn a/an ...manner 以。。。的方式
常用复数形式
Have good/bad manners有/没有礼貌
礼仪
table manners餐桌礼仪
She smiled in a friendly manner.
她友好地微笑着。
It is bad manners to talk with your mouth full.
嘴里塞满了东西跟人说话是不礼貌的。牛津词典He has good table manners.他有良好的餐桌礼仪
3.keep...of 使不碰到;使避开
keep...off意为“使不碰到:使避开”是固定搭配
keep off 意为“(雨、雪等)未下”
Keep your elbows off the table.
不要把胳膊肘放在桌子上。(教材原文)
The sun is shining on me. Please draw the curtain to
keep it off.
太阳晒着我了。请把窗帘拉上遮住阳光。
延伸
keep短语
Keep away from 避免接近;远离
keep up with一跟上;与…保持联系
keep in touch with一了解;与……保持联系
Keep away from the edge of the cliff,切莫靠近悬崖边,
I can't keep up with all the changes.
并非所有的变化我都能跟得上。
How many of your old school friends do you keep in
touch with?你与多少老同学保持着联系?
4.be/get used to 习惯于
be/get used to 意为“习惯于”,其后跟名词、代词或
动词-ing 形式。
If people get used to this kind of lifestyle, we will probably lose most of our muscles.
如果人们习惯了这种生活方式,我们可能会失去大部分肌肉。(2024吉林长春)
But once I was used to it. I became more curious and interested in learning about the culture there.
然而,一旦我习惯了,我便对了解那里的文化更加好奇和感兴趣。(教材原文)
易混辨析
易混短语
含义
be/get used to doing sth
习惯于做某事
be used to do sth
被用来做某事
used to do sth
曾经/过去常常做某事
More and more people get used to using the Internet.
越来越多的人习惯使用互联网。
This drug is used to lower blood pressure.
这种药用于降血压。
As a graduate of Zhejiang University. Liu used to work in several big companies.
作为一名浙江大学的毕业生,刘(松)曾在几家大公司工作过。(2024重庆B卷)
5. hear from 得到……消息
hear from 意为“得到……消息”后接sb.,可以表示收到某人的信件、电子邮件或电话等。
It's so great to hear from you.
很高兴收到你的来信。(教材原文)
延伸
hear about/of 意为“听说,得知”,强调间接听到有关某人或某事的情况。
I was sorry to hear about your accident.
获悉你遇到意外,我很难过。
6.unsafe adj. 不安全的;危险的
构词法:un-(不)+safe(adj.安全的)-unsafe
unsafe 意为“不安全的:危险的”尤指场所、行为或活动不安全,同义词为 dangerous。
The water is unsafe to drink,这水不能安全饮用。
延伸 其他含义:adj 处于危险之中的
Unsafe safe adj 安全的-safe and sound 安然无恙
safely adv 安全地
不可数名词
同根词
safety n 安全
in safety 安全地
for safety为安全起见
Many people feel unsafe walking alone at night.
很多人觉得一个人走夜路不安全。
7. marry v.结婚;娶;嫁结婚;娶;嫁:marry sb
含义
把。。。嫁给。。。:marry sb to sb
为。。。娶亲
marryadj 已婚的;婚姻的
Be/get married to sb
与某人结婚
派生词:married
Isn't it exciting that James will marry Jennifer next month?
詹姆斯下个月将与珍妮弗结婚,这不令人兴奋吗?(教材原文)
He married his three daughters to princes of the ruling
house.
他把三个女儿都嫁给了皇室的王子们。
They're getting married (=marrying)next month.
他们将在下个月结婚。
She married a German.=She got married to a German,她嫁给了一个德国人。
注意:
marry 表示“结婚”时,不与介词 with连用。married也不能与介词 with 连用,不能说 be/get married with。
8.congratulate v.祝贺
congratulate 意为“祝贺”,作及物动词,后跟某人(自己)。
短语 congratulate sb.on sth,意为“因某事而祝贺某人”
congratulate sb.on/for doing sth.意为“祝贺某人做了某事”。
I'm so excited, and I can't wait to congratulate them.
我太兴奋了,我迫不及待地想祝贺他们(教材原文)
I must congratulate you on your excellent exam results.我得祝贺你取得了优异的考试成绩。
She congratulated me for getting a new job
她祝贺我找到了新工作。
延伸
(1)congratulate的名词形式是congratulation,意为“祝贺;恭贺”。短语 offer/send one's congratulations to sb.意为“向某人致以祝贺”。
I wrote a letter of congratulation to my friend for winning the competition.
我给我的朋友写了一封贺信,祝贺他赢得了比赛。
(2)复数形式congratulations常用在情景交际中,用以向他人表示祝贺。
Congratulations on winning a gold medal at the skating competition !
祝贺你在滑冰比赛中获得金牌!(2024山东滨州)
9.receive v. 收到
receive 意为“收到”,作及物动词,其后可以直接跟宾语。短语receive sth.from sb.意为“从某人那里收到某物”。
All the children will receive a small gift
所有孩子都会收到一份小礼物。
I received a letter from =(heard from) him this morning.
今天早上我收到了一封他的来信。
易混辨析
易混词
用法
receive
表示客观上收到或接到,相当于 get
accept
表示主观上接受或收受,也表示主观上认可或赞同某一看法或理论
I received an invitation from him but I don't want to accept it.
我收到了他的邀请,但是我不想接受它
10.in one's+整十基数词的复数形式
“in one’s+整十基数词的复数形式”表示某人处于某个年龄段(以整十岁为范围),即从该十位的起始年龄到下一个十位前的年龄区间。
in one's twenties 在某人20多岁时(20-29岁)
延伸
in one's teens 意为“在某人十几岁时(13-19 岁)”是固定用法。
11. whether 引导宾语从句
原文分析 P56
They don't like it when others ask them
主句主语 主句谓语 主句宾语 从句主语 从句谓语 从句宾语
about their age,
their family, whether they are married, or how much money they make. (介词about的宾语)
他们不喜欢别人问他们的年龄、家庭、是否已婚或赚多少钱。
句式解读:
本中whether they are married 作介词 about 的宾语,whether引导宾语从句,意为“是否”。
宾语从句即在句中充当宾语的从句,用法如下:
连接词
(1)由that引导的宾语从句:that只起连接作用,没有实际的意义,在口语和非正式文体中通常可以省略
(2)由连接代词what、which、who、whom、whose 和连接副词 when.where、why、how引导的宾语从句:这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分
(3)由if或whether引导的宾语从句:if和whether 意为“是否”,二者通常可以互换
语序
宾语从句要用陈述句语序
时态
(1)如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态不受影响
(2)如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句通常要用过去的某种时态
(3)如果宾语从句陈述的是客观事实或真理,其时态常用一般现在时
Mr. Smith tells us ( that) he is working in a bank now.
史密斯先生告诉我们他目前在银行工作。
He could not express what he felt.他无法表达自己内心的感受。
I wonder why this machine didn’t work.我想知道为什么这台机器不运转了
There were times when I wondered whether or not we would get there.
有时候我也想知道我们能术能做得到。
The teacher told the children that water boils at 100°C.
老师告诉孩子们水在 100摄氏度时沸腾
Learning Tips :
拓展1 it 在句中作宾语不可省略,后接when/that引导的从句。
I just love it that you are moving in with us.我很欢你搬来和我们一起住。
拓展2连接代词在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语,连接副词在从句中作状语。
拓展3介词后的宾语从句常由whether 引导,一般不用if。在不定式前或与 or not 直接连用时,用whether引导,而不用if。
I wonder whether or not I should wear a coat.=I wonder if/whether I should wear a coat or not.
我想知道我该不该穿外套。
12.whenever 引导状语从句
原文分析 P57
Last but not least,make sure you use French
主句谓语 从句主语 从句谓语 从句宾语
whenever you can.
让步状语从句
最后但同样重要的是,确保你尽可能使用法语。
句式解读本句是祈使句,make sure后接省略that的宾语从句,whenever引导让步状语从句。
whenever 作连词时,引导状语从句的用法如下:
含义
用法
例句
无论何时
引导让步状语从句,强调主句的情况不会受从句的时间条件的限制,相当于no matter when
You can ask for help whenever you need it,你可以在需要时随时寻求帮助。
每当:每次
引导时间状语从句,强调动作的重复性,相当于every time 或each time
The roof leaks whenever it rains.屋顶每逢下雨就漏。
注意,“疑问词 +-ever”与
“no matter+疑问词”意思相同,但“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导宾语从句或主语从句。
wherever=no matter where无论何地
whoever=no matter who无论何人
however=no matter how无论怎样
whatever=no matter what无论什么
六、重点语法
(一)unless、as soon as、so...that引导的状语从句
一、语法概述
在主从复合句中,用作状语的句子叫状语从句。unless、as soon as、so...that分别引导条件状语从句、时间状语从句和结果状语从句。
二、unless、as soon as、so...that引导的状语从句的用法
引导词
用法及示例
unless
意为“ ”,相当于if...not。引导条件状语从句,句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时代替一般将来时,即遵循“ ”原则。
Eg.如果明天不下雨,我们将去游泳。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go swimming.
= .
as soon as
意为“ ”,引导时间状语从句,若主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来,即遵循“ ”原则;若主句是一般过去时或过去将来时,从句用一般过去时。
Eg.我一吃完饭就会做作业。
.
so...that
意为“ ”,引导结果状语从句,其结构如下:
►so +形容词/副词+ that从句
►so +形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数+ that从句
►so + many/few +可数名词复数+ that从句
►so + much/little +不可数名词+ that从句
【口诀】“多多少少(many/much/few/little)要用so”
Eg.他如此强壮以至于能搬动这个箱子。
.
她是如此漂亮的一个女孩,以至于我们都喜欢她。
.
【拓展延伸】
1.在so...that中,当that引导的结果状语从句是肯定句且从句主语与主句主语相同时,so...that可以与...enough to do 进行转换;当that引导的结果状语从句是否定句时,可与too...to...或not...enough to do进行转换。
Eg.He is so strong that he can carry the box.他如此强壮,能搬动这个箱子。
= He is strong enough to carry the box.
Jimmy is so young that he can’t go to school. 吉米(年龄)太小了,不能去上学。
= Jimmy is too young to go to school.
= Jimmy is not old enough to go to school.
2.such...that也可以引导结果状语从句,其结构为:
►such + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+ that从句
►such +形容词+可数名词单数+ that从句
►such +形容词+不可数名词+ that从句
Eg.They are such good students that the teacher likes them. 他们是很好的学生,所以老师喜欢他们。
【即学即用】
一、用括号中所给的连词将两个简单句合并成一句话
1.You have to speak very slowly. He won't be able to understand you. (unless)
______________________________________________________________
2. It was very cold. We stayed at home all day. (so ... that)
______________________________________________________________
3. I will tell Eric the good news. I will see Eric. (as soon as)
______________________________________________________________
二、词汇运用。(用unless, until, as soon as, so...that, such...that, if 填空)
1.He didn’t go to bed _________ his mother came back.
2._________ he saw her, he fell in love with her.
3.She is _________ beautiful _________ everyone likes her.
4.I’ll feel sad _________ you don’t go together with me.
5.My daughter won’t eat dumplings _________ she is very hungry.
6.This is _________ an interesting book _________ many students in my class want to read it.
7.You will fall behind your classmates _________ you study harder than others.
8.He was _________ crazy about rock music _________ he almost spent all his free time listening to it.
(二)-ed/-ing 形容词(描述感受与事物特征)
1. 核心区别
. -ed 形容词:描述 “人感受到的情绪”,如 embarrassed(感到尴尬的)、confused(感到困惑的),文档中多用于人物的文化冲击体验。
例:Ji-Hoon felt embarrassed when Marie kissed his cheek—he wasn’t used to the French greeting 16.Hongli was confused about using a knife and fork at the UK dinner 2.
. -ing 形容词:描述 “事物 / 场景引发的感受” ,如 embarrassing(令人尴尬的)、 confusing(令人困惑的),文档中用于描述文化习俗的特征。
例:Arriving early at a French party is embarrassing for both the guest and the host 6.UK table manners are confusing for people who use chopsticks 2.
2. 常见搭配
-ed 形容词
搭配主语(人)
文档例句
embarrassed
Ji-Hoon, Nancy
Ji-Hoon felt embarrassed about the cheek kiss
confused
Hongli, Anna
Anna was confused by Kaito’s bow
surprised
Anna, the host
Anna was surprised by Kaito’s bow
-ing 形容词
搭配主语(事物 / 场景)
文档例句
embarrassing
arriving early, cheek kiss
The early arrival was embarrassing for Nancy
confusing
table manners, customs
English table manners are confusing
surprising
bow, greeting
Kaito’s bow was surprising for Anna
(三)否定前缀 un- /im-/in-(单元词汇重点)
1. 构成与文档高频词
. un-:加在形容词前,表 “不 … …” ,文档中常见词:unsafe(不安全的)、uncommon (不常见的)、unpolite(不礼貌的)。
例:Using left hand to eat in India is unpolite .Beef dishes are uncommon in India because cows are special .
. im- / in-:加在以 “p/m/b” 开头或 “n/l/r” 开头的形容词前,表 “不 … …” ,文档中常
见词:improper(不恰当的)、informal(非正式的)、impolite(不礼貌的)。
例:Wearing shorts to a French party is improper .Shaking hands is informal in
Japan—bowing is formal .
2. 用法注意
. 部分形容词否定前缀唯一,如 “formal” 否定式为 “informal”(不用 “unformal”), “proper” 否定式为 “improper”(不用 “unproper”),文档 Vocabulary in Use 部分明确该规则。
. 否 定 形 容词在句 子 中 多用 于描述 “ 文 化禁 忌 行 为 ” , 如 “impolite to point at people”“improper to wear casual clothes” ,帮助判断行为恰当性 。
七、写作训练
写作主题:Advice for Visiting My Country(给来访我国的建议)
【写作任务】
1. 针对外国友人来访中国,给出至少 3 条关于习俗的建议(如问候、餐桌礼仪、拜访礼仪);
2. 每条建议需说明 “具体做法” 和 “背后的文化原因” ,体现对本土文化的介绍;
3. 字数不少于 80 词,正确使用连词(so...that/unless /as soon as)和单元核心词汇(如 custom、 manner、greet 等)。
【谋篇布局】
【写作模板】
【范文欣赏】
【实战演练】
写作任务:
以 “Advice for Visiting My Country” 为题,写一篇短文,给来访中国的外国友人提 3 条习俗建议(如问候、餐桌礼仪、拜访礼仪),每条建议说明 “做法” 和 “文化原因”,字数 80-100词,需使用连词(so...that/unless /as soon as)和单元核心词汇(如 custom、manner、greet等)。
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