内容正文:
专题05 动词和动词短语
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 3
03 考点通关·靶向突破.......................................................................................................................4
考点一 动词定义与基本分类 4
考点二 动词的基本形式 11
考点三 动词短语 12
考点四 高频易混动词辨析 18
04 优题精选·练能提分....................................................................................................................21
考点
课标要求
考查频次
命题预测
系动词
· 能够识别并正确使用be动词、五变、五感官等词的运用
· 10年10考
分析辽宁中考试卷可知,中考对动词和动词短语的考查一直是中考试题的重点和难点。其广泛分布在试卷的所有题型中,不同题型各有侧重点,其中最直接的考察方式为完形填空和语篇填空。
完形填空:侧重考查词义辨析和熟词生义;
语篇填空:考查谓语和非谓语辨析为主;
阅读理解:侧重动词词义、熟词生义以及动词在长难句中的灵活运用;
书面表达:考查对动词词形和用法的熟练掌握。
实义动词
· 掌握行为动词的意义,行为动词辨析
· 10年10考
情态动词
· 掌握常考情态动词可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。
· 近10年连续考查
助动词
· 掌握助动词和别的动词连用,帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构,有人称、数和时态的变化。
· 近10年连续考查
动词短语
· 掌握常考动词短语及动词短语辨析
· 10年10考
目标导航:
1. 掌握及物动词及不及物动词用法,感官动词,情态动词等
2. 动词的三单、过去式、分词变化规律,动词短语
3. 易错点:动词辨析和动词短语辨析
❤锦囊妙计
锦囊1:填原形
1. 一般现在时中,且主语是表复数概念的词,如:可数名词复数、集合名词、复数人称代词或I和you 等;
2. 祈使句中以动词原形开头或“Don’t+动词原形”中;
3. 位于一般将来时中:be going to或will 后;
4. 位于情态动词及其否定形式后;
5. 位于助动词(do/does/did)及其否定形式后;
6. 位于使役动词(let/make/have)的宾语后。
锦囊2:变单三
在一般现在时中,有以下情况时,谓语动词用单三形式:
1. 一般现在时中,a/an/one/this/that+可数名词单数作主语时;
2. 不可数名词作主语时;
3. 第三人称单数he、she、it作主语时;
4. 单个人名、地名或称呼等作主语时;
5. 复合不定代词(every系列/some系列/any系列/no系列)、疑问代词作主语时;
6. 非谓语动词(不定式或动名词)作主语时。
锦囊3:变过去式
1. 根据上下文或全文时态判断;
2. 一般过去时中,由并列连词(and/or)连接的动词;
3. 主从句时态一致,当主句为过去的某种时态时,从句通常也用过去的时态;
4. 有明显表示过去时间的标志词,如:yesterday, just now, two days ago, last night week/month/year等。
锦囊4:变过去分词
1. 用于各种时态的被动语态中,主语为动作的承受者;
2. 用于现在完成时或过去完成时中:have/has/had (not)+done。
锦囊5:变现在分词
用于现在/过去进行时(am/is/are/was/were+doing)结构中。
动词在英语中分为四大类,分别是实义动词(句子中表示动作的词如eat, )、系动词(链接前后的作用如,be, keep,become等)、情态动词(表示说话人的语气和态度,如must, can, may, should等。)和助动词(帮助实义动词构成疑问句、否定句和各种时态)。
命题方向:
阅读理解:考查动词或短语的词义辨析及熟词生义
完形填空:主要考查在特定语境中动词和动词短语的熟词生义和词义辨析。动词词义辨析题主要考查结合语境区分动词词义的能力,在平时的学习中应当掌握常用动词的基本意义,注意一词多义和熟词生义;养成推敲句子的含义以及对语境理解的习惯。
语法填空: 给出一篇文章,其中有若干空白需要考生填写正确的动词形式或动词短语。这种题型既考查了考生对动词用法的掌握,又考查了对文章的理解和语法的运用。
在语篇型填空中,给出动词,要求考生在设空出填出与之搭配的介词或者副词。预计2025年的中考动词和动词短语考查语境复杂化和综合化的特点。
书面表达题:考生在写作过程中需要正确使用动词和动词短语来表达自己的意思。如果动词和动词短语使用不当,会影响文章的质量和得分。
例如,在描述一次旅行经历时,可能会用到 “go on a trip”(去旅行)、“visit”(参观)、“enjoy”(享受)等动词和动词短语。
解题方向:1.长难句中首先考虑找到谓语,提炼句子的主干;
2.解决熟词生义时务必瞻前顾后,根据上下文进行合理推断;
3. 掌握谓语的考点和解题策略;
4. 掌握非谓语的考点和解题策略;
5. 在复杂语境中根据前后文进行词类转换。
考点一 动词定义与基本分类
动词是表示动作或状态的词
1. 按动词后是否能接宾语分类(核心基础)
类别
说明
例句
及物动词
必须后接宾语意义才完整
I love my school. 我爱我的学校。
He bought a book. 他买了一本书。
不及物动词
不能直接接宾语,可单独使用或跟介词
The sun rises. 太阳升起。
He arrived at school. 他到学校了。
系动词
后接表语,构成“主系表”结构,表示状态、特征等。
She is a student. 她是个学生。
The dog looks happy. 狗看起来很开心。
It gets dark. 天色渐晚。
常见系动词
表示状态:be(am, is, are)
表示感官:feel摸起来,look看起来,smell闻起来,sound听起来,taste尝起来
表示变化:become变得,go变得,run变得,fall变得,grow逐渐变得,turn变得
表示终止:prove证实,turn out变成
表示持续:keep保持,stay保持,remain保持不变,stand处于
【易错提醒】
1. 有些单词一词多义,在作系动词时,要跟形容词作表语;但同一词形如果作实义动词用,意思变化,且用副词修饰。
2. 系动词有时态的变化,不能用于被动语态。
2. 按动词在句中的作用分类
类别
说明
示例
实义动词
有实际意义,能独立作谓语。包括及物和不及物动词。
run, eat, study, think
助动词
无实际意义,帮助构成疑问、否定、时态或语态。
do / does / did,
have / has / had,
will,
be (am / is / are / was / were)
情态动词
有意义但不完整,表示能力、许可、义务、推测等,后接动词原形。
can/could, may/might, must, should, need, have to
2.1. 实义动词
实义动词又叫行为动词,表示动作的动词,有实在的意义,如eat, run, think等。实义动词是具有完整意义,可以单独作谓语,主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质。根据其在句子中是否需要跟宾语,分为及物动词和不及物动词。
(1)单宾语动词:即只可接一个宾语的动词,如:accept(接受);discover(发现);enjoy(享受);forget(忘记);borrow(借入);buy(买);catch(抓);invent(发明);found(建造);like(喜欢);find(寻找);forget(忘记);receive(接受);see(看见);say(说);show(展示);make(做);tell(告诉)等。
I’m sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起,我忘了你的地址。
(2)双宾语动词:即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词,如:give(给);buy(买);pay(付款);hand(递);read(读);return(返还);sell(卖)等。
I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。
(3)接复合宾语的动词:后接宾语和宾补的动词,如:believe(相信);find(发现);hear(听见,听说);keep(保持);make(使得);see(看见)等。
They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。
(4)接动名词作宾语的动词:如advise(建议);consider(考虑);finish(完成);imagine(想象);practise(练习);suggest(建议)等。
She practises playing the piano every day. 她每天都练习弹钢琴。
(5)接不定式作宾语的动词:如agree(同意);decide(决定),下决心;hope(希望);refuse(拒绝);manage(设法)等。
Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。
(6)常见的不及物动词有:
agree 同意
arrive 到达
come 来
die 死
exist 存在
fall 掉下
spread 传开
happen 发生
lie 平躺
stay 待
walk 走
rise 升起
remain 剩下
consist 由……组成
go 去
lie 位于,在于
laugh 大笑
snow 下雪
live 居住
think 想
hope 希望
【名师提醒】
1.不及物动词不能直接跟宾语,需要加上相应的介词才能跟宾语,不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
如talk to /with sb(与某人交谈),think about sth(思考某事), dream of sth.(梦想某事)。
有些动词可以跟同源宾语如,dream a good/bad dream; live a comfortable life过着舒适的生活。
3.有些动词表达动作事实是及物动词,如sell, lock, wash, write, spread; 表示性质特点时为不及物动词。
The books have been sold out.(vt.)这些书已经卖完了。
The book sells well.(vi.)这本书很畅销。
You don’t have to write these things in detail. (vt.)你不必详细地写这些东西。
The pen writes smoothly. (vi.)这支笔写起来很流利。
2.2 情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的意义,但也不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的态度或情感,如can, could, shall, should, will, may, might, must。
常用的情态动词有:can, could; may, might; must; should; need; dare; ought to 等。
(1)can/could 的用法
① 表示具备某种“能力”。can表示现在;could表示过去。如:
Can you swim across the river? 你能游过那条河吗?
We couldn’t get the truck to start. 我们发动不了那辆卡车。
② 表示“请求”(疑问句中)、“允许”。Could 比 Can 委婉;都指现在。如:
Could you lend me $55? 你能借给我55美圆吗?
Yes, of course. 当然可以。
No, I cannot/I’m sorry I cannot. 不,不行/对不起,恐怕不行。
③ 表示“可能性”。 could的语气更加不肯定。如
That can/could be very awkward. 那可就太尴尬了。
Can/Could it be true? 那会/可能是真的。
That can’t/couldn’t be true. 那不可能是真的。
(2)may/might 的用法
① 表示允许或请求允许;might语气更礼貌:
May I turn on the TV? 我可以把电视打开吗?
She asked if she might have my bike. 她问是否可以借用我的自行车。
【易错提醒】
can/could和may/might 都可以表示允许和请求允许。can最直截了当;could 礼貌客气;may 既尊重又婉转礼貌;might 带着太多的虚礼,所以很少使用。如:
肯定回答:Yes, of course. Yes, you can/may.
否定回答:No, you can’t/may not /mustn’t /I’m afraid not.
② 表示可能性,“也许”。may和might无时间差别,might语气上更不肯定些。不用于疑问句,可用can/could或别的说法。
You may/might have some fever. 你也许发烧了。
Can/could they be having a bath? 他们可能正在洗澡吗?
(3)must的用法
① 表示义务、命令或劝告,是“必须”之意。否定回答,多用needn’t 或 don’t have to。mustn’t表示“绝对不行、不可以”。
We must take this seriously. 我们必须严肃对待这事。
Must the ladies wear dresses? No, they don’t have to/they needn’t.
② 表示推测,是“肯定、一定”之意。此时,must只用于肯定句。在否定句或疑问句中,用can/could:
There must be a mistake. 准是弄错了。
Can/Could there be a mistake 可能会有错吗?
There can’t/couldn’t be a mistake. 不可能会有错吗?
【名师提醒】
1. 表示对现在和将来状况的推测:must一定,may可能,might也许,can’t不可能。从“一定”到“不可能”,可能性逐渐降低。
2. 对已经过去的情况的推测:情态动词+have +done。
(4)need:作为情态动词,一般只用于否定句和疑问句中。
You needn’t try to explain. 你不需要解释。(情态动词)
Need we stay here this evening? 今晚我们需要在这儿住下来吗?(情态动词)
She needs to come tomorrow. 明天她需要来。(实义动词)
need作实义动词时,后面的宾语如果是动名词,用主动形式表示被动意义,如果是不定式的被动形式,来表示被动意义。类似need的这种用法,还有require, want等。
My shoes need repairing. = My shoes need to be repaired. 我的鞋需要修理。
(5)dare:情态动词dare表示“敢”,在现代英语中,dare往往用作实义动词。
Dare he swim across the river? 他敢游过这条河吗?
He dare not come to see me. 他不敢来见我。
He didn’t dare to go. 他不敢去。
(6)should/ought to的用法
① 表示道义上的责任,义务或要求,有时表示劝告。ought to否定式为ought not to /oughtn’t to。
You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says.你应该更多的注意你律师的。
② 表示推测和可能性,是“应该”之意。 表示对现在和将来的推测。
You ought not to/shouldn’t be sleeping now. It’s eight o’clock.你不该还在睡觉,已经八点了。
③ “should/ought to have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测,“应该已经”。有时表“本应该”的意思;“should not/ought not to have+过去分词”表示“本不该”的意思。
You should not have asked him for help. 你本不应该向他求助。
④ 表示讲话人惊奇,失望,愤怒等感情:
It’s strange that he should have lost his temper. 真奇怪,他竟然发脾气。
(7)情态动词+have done
① “must have+过去分词”表对过去的推测,“一定已经,准是已经….”,用于肯定句。表示否定,要用“can’t/couldn’t+ have+过去分词”,意思是“不可能”.
The streets are wet. It must have rained. 街道是湿的,准是下雨了。
The money can’t have been lost there. 钱不可能是在那儿丢的。
② “may/might have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测,“也许已经┅,可能已经…”。用于肯定或否定句中。疑问句中用can或could. “might(不是may)have+过去分词”也表示“本来可以…”。
He may have gone to bed. 他可能已经上床睡觉了。
You might have succeeded if you had tried. 假如你尝试过,或许已经成功了。(虚拟语气)
③ “needn’t+ have+过去分词”表示“作了不必做或不需要做的事”。可译成“本不必”。
I needn’t have borrowed the money yesterday. 昨天我根本不需要借钱的。(实际上已经借了)
④ can/could have done在疑问句、否定句中,表示怀疑和不可能,这时没有时间上的差别,只是could的语气更弱一些:
Who can/could have taken them? 谁会把它们拿走了呢?
He can’t/couldn’t have taken it home. 他不可能是带回家去了。
⑤should/ought to have done表示“过去应该做谋事却没有做”;“should not/ought not to have+过去分词”表示“做了不应该做的事”。含有责备或遗憾的意思。
She should/ought to have gone there alone. 她本该一个人去那里的。(实际上不是)
The boy shouldn’t have been playing the piano. 那孩子不应该一直在弹钢琴。
⑥might, may, must表示推测时的区别: may,might, must可表示 推 测“可能”.根据表示可能性的大小,我们把这三个词排列为:might<may<must(或许→可能→肯定)。
情态动词的重点和难点是:情态动词之间的区别;表示“推测”的表达方式;以及“情态动词+have+过去分词”的含义。
2.3. 助动词
助动词没用词汇意义,不可单独作谓语,句中有动词原形用do/does/did;无动词原形用be;现在完成时用have / has;过去完成时用had。
助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,不能单独用作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用,帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构,有人称、数和时态的变化。
助动词do
形式
肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
原形
do
do not
don’t
第三人称单数
does
does not
doesn’t
过去式
did
did not
didn’t
助动词have
形式
肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
原形
have
have not
haven’t
第三人称单数
has
has not
hasn’t
过去式
had
had not
hadn’t
助动词do的用法:do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。
(1)用do构成否定句和疑问句。
I don’t like this kind of music. 我不喜欢这种音乐。
(2)"do+动词原形"构成强调句。
I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。
助动词have的用法:have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。
We haven’t seen for a long time. 我们很久没见面了
1.(2025·辽宁·本溪·模拟预测)First, when it rains, there isn’t much sunshine. It becomes cloudy and dark on rainy days, like how it looks when it’s bedtime. This makes our bodies something called melatonin (褪黑激素), which makes us sleepy.
A.attack B.produce C.attract D.operate
2. (2025·辽宁·鞍山·三模)The potato went in strong and hard, but in the boiling water, it became soft and weak. The egg, once fragile (脆弱的), became hard inside. And the ground coffee beans changed the water and
something new.
A.checked B.made C.processed D.separated
3.(24-25辽宁·营口·月考)There are more and more traffic accidents happening because of mobile phones. More
are likely to use mobile phones while driving.
A.drivers B.passengers C.people D.students
考点二 动词的基本形式
形式
规则变化
例句
一般现在时第三人称单数
一般情况在动词后直接加-s
look→looks;work→works
以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词,后加-es
catch→catches;go→goes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-es
study→studies;try→tries
现在分词
一般情况在动词后直接加-ing
read→reading;go→going
以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词,直接加-ing
see →seeing;toe→toeing
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing
love→loving;write→writing
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ing
cut→cutting;put→putting
少数以ie结尾的动词,先变ie 为y再加-ing
die→dying;lie→lying
过去式和过去分词
一般情况在动词后直接加-ed
ask→asked;help→helped
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,只加-d
like→liked;live→lived
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed
cry→cried;study→studied
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ed
stop→stopped;plan→planned
1.(24-25辽宁·营口·月考)In order to make drivers pay more attention to driving, some new traffic rules have been .
A.found B.planned C.made D.obeyed
2.(24-25辽宁·营口·月考)When he lifted his eyes from the phone, he was so afraid that he around and ran away as quickly as possible.
A.left B.went C.turned D.put
3.(2025·辽宁·鞍山·三模)The potato went in strong and hard, but in the boiling water, it became soft and weak. The egg, once fragile (脆弱的), became hard inside. And the ground coffee beans changed the water and 19 something new.
A.checked B.made C.processed D.separated
考点三 动词短语
1. 动词+介词/副词
No. 1 动词+介词
这类动词短语相当于及物动词,其后必修有宾语,且介词与动词不能分开,宾语只能放在介词之后,如:
add to增加 break into破门而入 ask for索取,寻找
care about 关心,在乎 come across偶然遇到 go for努力获取
deal with处理 get over克服 hope for希望,期待
get into养成(习惯) stick to坚持 pay for偿还,赔偿
provide for供给 plan for打算,为……计划 refer to提到,参考
fall behind落在......后面 laugh at嘲笑 feel like想要
No. 2 动词+away
throw away扔掉 put away把……收拾好 give away捐赠,分发
carry away运走 run away 潜逃,跑开 go away 走开
send for派人去请 stay away远离
No. 3 动词+on
try on试穿,试验 put on穿上,上演 have on穿着,戴着
pull on穿,戴 hold on不挂断,坚持,继续 carry on继续开展,坚持
keep on继续 go on继续 get on上(车)
focus/concentrate on集中注意力于,关注
No. 4 动词+over
come over过来 hand over移交 go over仔细检查,复习
get over克服,恢复 look over检查 think over仔细考虑
take over接受,接管 hand over 移交 turn over翻转
No. 5 动词+up
bring up抚育,培养 call up召唤,打电话给 come up走上前来,长出
cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放弃;go up 上升,增长
grow up 长大 look up尊敬,向上看,查寻 make up虚构,弥补,组成
put up举起,搭建 set up建立,创(纪录) pick up 捡起,(开车)接某人
send up发射 show up 揭露,露面 turn up出现,把(音量/亮度)调高
No. 6 动词+out
come out出来 go out出去,熄灭 look out留神,当心
walk out走出 set out出发,开始 put out扑灭,生产
give out发出,发表 hand out分发 pick out挑选
find out找出,发现 speak out大声地说 turn out生产,结果是
get out出去,离开 carry out实行,执行 work out计算出,解决,实行,行得通
bring out出版 start out 出发,动身
2. 动词+名词
No. 1 动词+名词
lose patience失去耐心 lose heart灰心 make a bet打赌
make a face做鬼脸 take effect生效 take place发生
take action采取措施 give way让步 make a difference有影响
lose weight减肥 lead the way领路 make a fortune发财
take one’s time慢慢来 take exercise做锻炼 take turns轮流
take advice征求意见
No. 2 动词+名词+介词
take care of 照顾 make fun of 取笑 take account of 考虑到
take part in参加 make friends with 与……交朋友 find fault with 挑……的毛病
get rid of 摆脱 pay attention to 注意 play a part in起作用
make progress in 在……方面取得进步 make room for为……腾出空间
make contributions to 对……作出贡献
put an end to结束 take advantage of利用 take notice of注意到
take pride in以……为豪 catch sight of看到 find fault with... 挑……的毛病
No. 3 动词+介词+名词
动词后需跟宾语类的短语有:
bring.. to an end 使……结束 keep/have... in mind 记住……
learn... by heart 记住…… put... into effect 使……生效
动词后不带宾语类的短语有:
come into being产生 come to power执政 come into use开始被使用 come into effect生效 put on weight 长胖
3. 高频动词短语
1. believe词组
believe in 确信,信任,信仰,主张 seeing is believing 眼见为实
2. blow词组
blow away 吹走 low off 吹掉,吹散,吹灭 blow up 吹大(气球),爆炸,发脾气
3. break词组
break away 摆脱,脱离
break down 出故障,中止,分解、抛锚、破坏,粉碎;瓦解;衰弱,损坏;(健康等)垮掉,累垮;崩溃
break in 打断,插话,闯入,强行进入,使顺服
break into … 闯入……,破门而入,突然开始,把(sth.)分成
break (sth) off (使某物)折断,中断某事物,突然停止,打断,断绝
break out (战争、火灾)突然发生,爆发,准备使用;起锚
break up vt. 分解,分裂,拆散,碎开,开垦,vi.结束
4. bring词组
bring back 拿(送)回来,使恢复,使回忆
bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼,使……苏醒
bring down 使……降低,减少,使……倒下,使……落下,浓缩,收缩,击落
bring in 引进(技术),赚钱,带来(收入),吸收
bring out 拿出,公布,出版,生产,揭露,阐明,使表现出
5. build词组
build ... into 把...建设成,把...装入 build up 增加,增进,建成,振兴 build up to 增加
6. call词组
call back 回电话 call on / upon 号召 call up 给……打电话,号召,召集
call for 提倡,号召 call / shout for help 呼救 call off 取消,下令停止
call in 召集,来访,打电话 call out 大声呼喊,叫喊,唤起 call on (sb) 拜访(某人),访问(某人)
7. check词组
check in 报到,登记旅馆 check out 查明,付款而离开旅馆
check on 检查,调查 check up 核对,检查,检验 check with 商议,符合,核对无误
8. come词组
come across 偶然相遇,想起;越过;偿付 come up with … 想出(主意)
come back 回来,想起来,复原 come for… 来拿,来取
come from… 来自,出生于,起源于 come in 进来,进入,流行起来;获名次
come into being 形成,产生,出现 come true 变为现实,成为事实,证实
come out 露出,出来,出现,出版 come to an end 结束,终止
9. cut词组
cut down 砍倒,砍下,削减,缩短 cut in 插嘴,加塞,插入
cut off 切断(线路),中断(供应),剪下,关掉 cut out 删除,剪下来,切下
cut up 切碎,剪碎,剁碎
10. fall词组
fall ill /asleep /silent 生病/睡着/沉默 fall back撤退,后退
fall behind 落后,落伍,落在后面 fall down 倒下,落下,掉下,病倒,失败
fall in love with...爱上(某人)
11. get词组
get along 相处 get away 移走,逃离(from)
get back 回来,取回,找回,报复 get behind 落后;识破
get close to 接近 get in 进入,收获,陷入
get into 进入,陷入,养成 get sb into… 使某人陷入
get it 接(电话),理解 get off 下车,脱下(衣服等),动身
get on 上车,穿上 get on / along with… 进展,与……相处
get out vi. 摆脱,下车,泄露,离开 get over 克服get up 起床,起身
get through 接通(电话),完成(工作) get ready for 为……做准备
12. give词组
give about 分配;传播 give away 赠送,给予 give back 归还,送回
give back 归还,反射 give in 投降,让步,屈服 give out vt.分发,公布,耗尽
give off 释放,放出 (烟、光、热、气味等)
13. keep词组
keep away from 避开,别靠近 keep company with...陪伴... keep out of … 不进入…
14. lay词组
lay down 放下,使躺下,放弃 lay off 解雇,放弃,停止 lay out 摆放
15. look词组
look at 看着,注视 look after 照顾,照料 look around四处看看
look back 回忆,回顾过去 look up to 仰望,尊敬 look for 寻找,期望
look out 向外看;注意,当心 look through 仔细查看,浏览,温习
look forward to sth /doing sth 盼望,期盼某事物/做某事
16. make词组
be made in 在……生产/制造 make a choice 做出选择 made up one’s mind 下决心
be made up of 由……组成 make up 化妆,打扮,编造
be made of 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(物理变化)(能看出)
made from 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(化学变化)(看不出)
17. pass词组
pass by 从旁边经过,时间流逝 pass away 去世 pass down 流传,世代相传
18. pick词组
pick out 挑选,认出 pick up 开车接(某人)捡起,学会,采摘
19. put词组
put away 将某物收拾起来 put down 扑灭,镇压,记下 put off 延期,拖延
put on (戏)上演,穿戴 put out 扑灭,熄灭 put through 完成
put up 挂起,张贴,举起,搭起,建立
20. take词组
take after 与某人相像,仿效 take away 拿走,使离开 take in 吸收
take away from… 从……带/拿走 take back 退回,拿回,收回 take down 记录,占领
take off (飞机)起飞,脱掉(衣帽/鞋) take out 拿出,取出,去除
21. think词组
think about 思考,考虑(是否去做) think of 想到,想起,认为,对……有看法/想法
think over 仔细考虑 think through… 思考……直到得出结论,想通
22. turn词组
turn … away 赶走……,辞退……,把……打发走,转脸不睬,使转变方向
turn down 关小/调低(音量/热度),拒绝,折叠,翻下,驳回,拒绝考虑
turn up 把音量开大,卷起,翻起,发生,出现,到达
turn over 把……翻过来,翻动,犁翻(土地),细想
turn in 交进,上缴,归还
turn on 打开(灯,气,水,电器等),反对;依靠,依赖,取决于
turn off 关掉(灯,气,水,电器等),解雇,避开(问题)
turn into 变成
turn…into… 把……变成……,转变成,走进
1.(2025·辽宁·鞍山·三模)After 20 minutes, he the stove. He placed the potatoes in one bowl, the eggs in another and poured the coffee into a cup. He asked his daughter, “What do you see?”
A.turned on B.turned out C.turned down D.turned off
2.(24-25辽宁·营口·月考) Today, an increasing number of people are always their mobile phones with the heads down.
A.looking at B.searching for C.looking down D.picking up
3. (24-25辽宁·营口·月考)Whether they are good or not how people use them. Let’s be “healthy” users and try to be the “Heads-up Tribe”.
A.stand for B.depends on C.according to D.is from
4.(2025·辽宁·本溪·模拟预测)Along with dark skies and pink noise, the humidity (湿度) that rain brings also . When it’s raining, the air becomes heavy. This means our lungs (肺) have to work harder, which can make us feel tired and sleepy.
A.dies down B.plays a part C.runs out D.takes place
考点四 高频易混动词辨析
高频易混动词
Group 1
take place
表示发生,只有计划,有安排的发生;不用于被动。
happen
表示发生,他是偶然性的发生。不用于被动。sb happen to do sth某人碰巧做某事。
Group 2
hope
希望,表达的愿望是有信心实现的;hope to do sth希望做某事,不用hope sb to do sth.
wish
希望,表达的愿望难以实现或不可能实现。wish表示祝愿,可以用wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事,也可以用wish to do sth希望做某事。Wish sb+名词,表示祝愿某人……
Group 3
wear
通常指穿着衣服的状态,
put on
通常指穿衣的动作,
dress
“给..穿衣服”dress sb, get dressed“穿着”表状态
in
后面可以接颜色或衣服,着重于服装的款式或颜色。in red 穿着红衣服,in a red skirt穿着一条红裙
Group 4
join
其后常接表示团体、组织类的名词,表示成为其中一员,join the Music Club加入音乐俱乐部, 也可接sb;join them加入他们
join in
加入,参加活动。join in sth/doing sth
take part in
指参加会议或群众性活动等,着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用
Group 5
leave
表示“离开、遗忘”leave sth.+sw,表示把某物忘在某地;
forget
忘记,后接sth/sb, 常用于forget to do sth.忘记去做某事;或者forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
lose
丢失,失去,lose sth丢失某物。lost是lose的过去式或过去分词. loss 是它的名词形式
Group 6
hear
听见,听到。其后直接跟宾语,强调的是听的结果,
listen
“听”强调的是听的动作,不及物动词。接宾语时,常与to连用
Group 7
find
找到,强调找的结果;find还表示“发现”,find sb do/doing sth 发现某人做了/正在做某事;
look for
寻找,强调找的过程
find out
表示找出,发现,查明(真相等) ,指通过调查、寻问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚、弄明白”,通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义,指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。
Group 8
receive
指客观上的收到;
accept
指主观上的接受
Group 9
advise
意为建议,常用搭配是advise sb(not) to do建议某人做(不做)某事, 名词形式:advice(不可数)
suggest
意为“建议” 常用搭配是suggest doing/n., suggest (that) sb (should) do, suggest sth to sb
Group 10
borrow
意为“借来”,borrow sth from sb向某人借某物.,是瞬间动词,不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
lend
意为“借出”, lend sth to sb把某物借给某人, 是瞬间动词,不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用
keep
意为“保管”,是延续性动词,能与for…,since… how long等表示一段时间的时间状语连用
Group 11
developed
发达的;形容词。developed countries意为“发达国家
developing
发展中的 , 形容词. developing countries意为“发展中国家”,
development
发展,名词。
develop
发展, 动词。
Group 12
dead
形容词,死了的;
dying
即将死去的;垂死的
die
动词,死;过去式,过去分词died
death
名词,死亡
Group 13
talk
谈话,是不及物动词,常用talk to /with sb. (跟某人谈话),talk about sth 谈论某事
speak
“说”、“讲”、“演讲”。 speak at our class meeting.在班会上发言; 做及物动词时,宾语常是表示语言的词。speak Chinese说汉语
tell
告诉;用于 “tell sb. sth.”或 “tell sb. about sth.” 的句型中。此外tell后面可加一些固定的名词,如 tell a lie(说慌), tell the truth (说实话), tell a story(讲故事)。
say
作为及物动词时,后跟宾语,侧重于说的内容:也可以用作不及物动词,常用say to sb
Group 14
spend
主语必须是人, sb spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。sb spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。
cost
的主语是物或某种活动,sth. costs (sb.) +金钱, 某物花了(某人)多少钱. 注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
take
主语为物或it,It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。doing sth. takes sb.+时间,做某事花了某人多少时间
pay
主语为人 sb pay money for sth. 付钱买……
Group 15
carry
提;扛;搬,没有方向性.
take
拿去,带去,带离说话处。 take sth with sb指随身带上某物
bring
拿来,带来 指从别处把某人或某物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点来
fetch
去取来,接来
Group 16
beat
打败,后接人或团体;beat 还有敲打,心脏跳动的意思
win
赢得,后接比赛、奖品(game, match, competition, war, prize, medal)
1.(2025·辽宁·鞍山·三模)Once upon a time, a daughter told her father she was tired of hard life because it was
of problems.
A.filled B.fill C.full D.filling
2.(2025·辽宁·鞍山·三模)After 20 minutes, he the stove. He placed the potatoes in one bowl, the eggs in another and poured the coffee into a cup. He asked his daughter, “What do you see?”
A.turned on B.turned out C.turned down D.turned off
3. (2025·辽宁·鞍山·三模)She the potatoes and they were soft. She broke an egg and saw it was hard inside.
A.felt B.smelled C.touched D.tasted
一、完形填空
(24-25辽宁·营口·期中)
Two boys from a small village were good friends. They always spent their time together. They had a(n) 1 dream of serving the nation. Finally, they both joined the army.
As the days went by, they got an opportunity to 2 the country. War broke out. They prepared themselves for the fight. Before they 3 from their respective (各自的) base camp, the two texted each other about being safe. They went into fight, faced their enemies bravely. But 4 , one of the friends was badly injured.
On hearing this, the other friend 5 to save him. But his commander stopped him and said, “You cannot go there. Because by the time you get there, your friend will have been dead.” He 6 that he be allowed to go. The commander agreed. He went and 7 in sadness. He told the commander his friend was dead.
Hearing this, the commander said. “I told you that by the time you got there, your friend would have been dead. Your 8 don’t get you anything now.” He replied, “Sir, when I went there, I could see his smile. Then, looking into my eyes, he said, ‘My friend, I was 9 that you would come to save me.’ I could not 10 him but his last words showed his trust in me and our friendship. So, my effort is nothing when we compare it with our friendship.”
1.A.different B.strange C.similar D.suitable
2.A.serve B.visit C.reach D.impress
3.A.heard B.escaped C.started D.kept
4.A.finally B.slowly C.actually D.unluckily
5.A.decided B.continued C.preferred D.needed
6.A.promised B.advised C.requested D.showed
7.A.joined in B.came back C.looked after D.got away
8.A.efforts B.changes C.challenges D.answers
9.A.amazed B.anxious C.confident D.confused
10.A.trust B.save C.wake D.leave
(2025·辽宁·抚顺·一模)
Right after breakfast, Nana and her father put on their warm clothes and went into the yard. There were few cars on the road because of the heavy snow. Many people chose to work at home but Nana’s mother 11 , she had to work the night before at the local hospital.
Nana made a small snowball and rolled it on the ground 12 . The ball soon turned into the size of a big snowman’s 13 . Now Father joined in and together they began rolling another much bigger one for the snowman’s body. When the 14 became almost half as tall as Nana’s dad, they rolled it to the middle of the yard. Father helped Nana to 15 the snowman’s head on its body and made the snowman’s eyes and nose.
Finally, they went to get two twigs (树枝) because the snowman still needed two arms. They also made sure the twigs were 16 enough so that birds could stand on them to sing their cheerful songs. Suddenly, Nana seemed that she had forgotten 17 ! She rushed into the house and then out she came with a hat and a scarf in her hand. Father knew what Nana 18 so he held her up to let her dress the snowman up.
After everything was done, both of them went inside. Then Nana sat by the window and 19 the snowman and the gate of the yard. She couldn’t wait for the return of her 20 from work to see the snowman.
11.A.mustn’t B.couldn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
12.A.happily B.suddenly C.hardly D.politely
13.A.head B.arm C.nose D.body
14.A.clothes B.wheel C.stone D.ball
15.A.put B.turn C.hide D.draw
16.A.beautiful B.soft C.close D.strong
17.A.someone B.nothing C.something D.everything
18.A.lost B.broke C.saw D.meant
19.A.threw away B.looked at C.put up D.spoke to
20.A.father B.sister C.mother D.brother
二、语篇填空:
(24-25辽宁·本溪·开学考试)
Do you know the Chinese story of “High Mountains and Flowing Water《高山流水》”? It’s about two best 21 (friend) Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi in ancient China. Boya was a great 22 (music) at that time. He was very good at playing the guqin.
One day, Boya met 23 man called Zhong Ziqi when he was playing the guqin. Ziqi said, “How 24 (beautiful) you’re playing the guqin!” Boya was glad to hear Ziqi’s words. Then he played the second piece of music. Ziqi couldn’t help clapping (鼓掌) 25 (he) hands. Then he said, “When I listen to it, I seem 26 (hear) mountains singing and water flowing in your music.” Boya was 27 (excite) and decided to play more music for Ziqi. When he played another new piece, Ziqi could tell what Boya was thinking about.
28 that, Boya and Ziqi became closer. When Ziqi 29 (die), Boya played his guqin for the last time in front 30 Ziqi’s tomb (坟墓). Then he broke his guqin and decided never to play it again. Now, we usually use the words “high mountains and flowing water” to describe that it’s difficult to find people who best understand and admire each other.
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专题05 动词和动词短语
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 3
03 考点通关·靶向突破.......................................................................................................................4
考点一 动词定义与基本分类 4
考点二 动词的基本形式 12
考点三 动词短语 13
考点四 高频易混动词辨析 20
04 优题精选·练能提分....................................................................................................................23
考点
课标要求
考查频次
命题预测
系动词
· 能够识别并正确使用be动词、五变、五感官等词的运用
· 10年10考
分析辽宁中考试卷可知,中考对动词和动词短语的考查一直是中考试题的重点和难点。其广泛分布在试卷的所有题型中,不同题型各有侧重点,其中最直接的考察方式为完形填空和语篇填空。
完形填空:侧重考查词义辨析和熟词生义;
语篇填空:考查谓语和非谓语辨析为主;
阅读理解:侧重动词词义、熟词生义以及动词在长难句中的灵活运用;
书面表达:考查对动词词形和用法的熟练掌握。
实义动词
· 掌握行为动词的意义,行为动词辨析
· 10年10考
情态动词
· 掌握常考情态动词可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。
· 近10年连续考查
助动词
· 掌握助动词和别的动词连用,帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构,有人称、数和时态的变化。
· 近10年连续考查
动词短语
· 掌握常考动词短语及动词短语辨析
· 10年10考
目标导航:
1. 掌握及物动词及不及物动词用法,感官动词,情态动词等
2. 动词的三单、过去式、分词变化规律,动词短语
3. 易错点:动词辨析和动词短语辨析
❤锦囊妙计
锦囊1:填原形
1. 一般现在时中,且主语是表复数概念的词,如:可数名词复数、集合名词、复数人称代词或I和you 等;
2. 祈使句中以动词原形开头或“Don’t+动词原形”中;
3. 位于一般将来时中:be going to或will 后;
4. 位于情态动词及其否定形式后;
5. 位于助动词(do/does/did)及其否定形式后;
6. 位于使役动词(let/make/have)的宾语后。
锦囊2:变单三
在一般现在时中,有以下情况时,谓语动词用单三形式:
1. 一般现在时中,a/an/one/this/that+可数名词单数作主语时;
2. 不可数名词作主语时;
3. 第三人称单数he、she、it作主语时;
4. 单个人名、地名或称呼等作主语时;
5. 复合不定代词(every系列/some系列/any系列/no系列)、疑问代词作主语时;
6. 非谓语动词(不定式或动名词)作主语时。
锦囊3:变过去式
1. 根据上下文或全文时态判断;
2. 一般过去时中,由并列连词(and/or)连接的动词;
3. 主从句时态一致,当主句为过去的某种时态时,从句通常也用过去的时态;
4. 有明显表示过去时间的标志词,如:yesterday, just now, two days ago, last night week/month/year等。
锦囊4:变过去分词
1. 用于各种时态的被动语态中,主语为动作的承受者;
2. 用于现在完成时或过去完成时中:have/has/had (not)+done。
锦囊5:变现在分词
用于现在/过去进行时(am/is/are/was/were+doing)结构中。
动词在英语中分为四大类,分别是实义动词(句子中表示动作的词如eat, )、系动词(链接前后的作用如,be, keep,become等)、情态动词(表示说话人的语气和态度,如must, can, may, should等。)和助动词(帮助实义动词构成疑问句、否定句和各种时态)。
命题方向:
阅读理解:考查动词或短语的词义辨析及熟词生义
完形填空:主要考查在特定语境中动词和动词短语的熟词生义和词义辨析。动词词义辨析题主要考查结合语境区分动词词义的能力,在平时的学习中应当掌握常用动词的基本意义,注意一词多义和熟词生义;养成推敲句子的含义以及对语境理解的习惯。
语法填空: 给出一篇文章,其中有若干空白需要考生填写正确的动词形式或动词短语。这种题型既考查了考生对动词用法的掌握,又考查了对文章的理解和语法的运用。
在语篇型填空中,给出动词,要求考生在设空出填出与之搭配的介词或者副词。预计2025年的中考动词和动词短语考查语境复杂化和综合化的特点。
书面表达题:考生在写作过程中需要正确使用动词和动词短语来表达自己的意思。如果动词和动词短语使用不当,会影响文章的质量和得分。
例如,在描述一次旅行经历时,可能会用到 “go on a trip”(去旅行)、“visit”(参观)、“enjoy”(享受)等动词和动词短语。
解题方向:1.长难句中首先考虑找到谓语,提炼句子的主干;
2.解决熟词生义时务必瞻前顾后,根据上下文进行合理推断;
3. 掌握谓语的考点和解题策略;
4. 掌握非谓语的考点和解题策略;
5. 在复杂语境中根据前后文进行词类转换。
考点一 动词定义与基本分类
动词是表示动作或状态的词
1. 按动词后是否能接宾语分类(核心基础)
类别
说明
例句
及物动词
必须后接宾语意义才完整
I love my school. 我爱我的学校。
He bought a book. 他买了一本书。
不及物动词
不能直接接宾语,可单独使用或跟介词
The sun rises. 太阳升起。
He arrived at school. 他到学校了。
系动词
后接表语,构成“主系表”结构,表示状态、特征等。
She is a student. 她是个学生。
The dog looks happy. 狗看起来很开心。
It gets dark. 天色渐晚。
常见系动词
表示状态:be(am, is, are)
表示感官:feel摸起来,look看起来,smell闻起来,sound听起来,taste尝起来
表示变化:become变得,go变得,run变得,fall变得,grow逐渐变得,turn变得
表示终止:prove证实,turn out变成
表示持续:keep保持,stay保持,remain保持不变,stand处于
【易错提醒】
1. 有些单词一词多义,在作系动词时,要跟形容词作表语;但同一词形如果作实义动词用,意思变化,且用副词修饰。
2. 系动词有时态的变化,不能用于被动语态。
2. 按动词在句中的作用分类
类别
说明
示例
实义动词
有实际意义,能独立作谓语。包括及物和不及物动词。
run, eat, study, think
助动词
无实际意义,帮助构成疑问、否定、时态或语态。
do / does / did,
have / has / had,
will,
be (am / is / are / was / were)
情态动词
有意义但不完整,表示能力、许可、义务、推测等,后接动词原形。
can/could, may/might, must, should, need, have to
2.1. 实义动词
实义动词又叫行为动词,表示动作的动词,有实在的意义,如eat, run, think等。实义动词是具有完整意义,可以单独作谓语,主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质。根据其在句子中是否需要跟宾语,分为及物动词和不及物动词。
(1)单宾语动词:即只可接一个宾语的动词,如:accept(接受);discover(发现);enjoy(享受);forget(忘记);borrow(借入);buy(买);catch(抓);invent(发明);found(建造);like(喜欢);find(寻找);forget(忘记);receive(接受);see(看见);say(说);show(展示);make(做);tell(告诉)等。
I’m sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起,我忘了你的地址。
(2)双宾语动词:即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词,如:give(给);buy(买);pay(付款);hand(递);read(读);return(返还);sell(卖)等。
I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。
(3)接复合宾语的动词:后接宾语和宾补的动词,如:believe(相信);find(发现);hear(听见,听说);keep(保持);make(使得);see(看见)等。
They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。
(4)接动名词作宾语的动词:如advise(建议);consider(考虑);finish(完成);imagine(想象);practise(练习);suggest(建议)等。
She practises playing the piano every day. 她每天都练习弹钢琴。
(5)接不定式作宾语的动词:如agree(同意);decide(决定),下决心;hope(希望);refuse(拒绝);manage(设法)等。
Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。
(6)常见的不及物动词有:
agree 同意
arrive 到达
come 来
die 死
exist 存在
fall 掉下
spread 传开
happen 发生
lie 平躺
stay 待
walk 走
rise 升起
remain 剩下
consist 由……组成
go 去
lie 位于,在于
laugh 大笑
snow 下雪
live 居住
think 想
hope 希望
【名师提醒】
1.不及物动词不能直接跟宾语,需要加上相应的介词才能跟宾语,不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
如talk to /with sb(与某人交谈),think about sth(思考某事), dream of sth.(梦想某事)。
有些动词可以跟同源宾语如,dream a good/bad dream; live a comfortable life过着舒适的生活。
3.有些动词表达动作事实是及物动词,如sell, lock, wash, write, spread; 表示性质特点时为不及物动词。
The books have been sold out.(vt.)这些书已经卖完了。
The book sells well.(vi.)这本书很畅销。
You don’t have to write these things in detail. (vt.)你不必详细地写这些东西。
The pen writes smoothly. (vi.)这支笔写起来很流利。
2.2 情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的意义,但也不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的态度或情感,如can, could, shall, should, will, may, might, must。
常用的情态动词有:can, could; may, might; must; should; need; dare; ought to 等。
(1)can/could 的用法
① 表示具备某种“能力”。can表示现在;could表示过去。如:
Can you swim across the river? 你能游过那条河吗?
We couldn’t get the truck to start. 我们发动不了那辆卡车。
② 表示“请求”(疑问句中)、“允许”。Could 比 Can 委婉;都指现在。如:
Could you lend me $55? 你能借给我55美圆吗?
Yes, of course. 当然可以。
No, I cannot/I’m sorry I cannot. 不,不行/对不起,恐怕不行。
③ 表示“可能性”。 could的语气更加不肯定。如
That can/could be very awkward. 那可就太尴尬了。
Can/Could it be true? 那会/可能是真的。
That can’t/couldn’t be true. 那不可能是真的。
(2)may/might 的用法
① 表示允许或请求允许;might语气更礼貌:
May I turn on the TV? 我可以把电视打开吗?
She asked if she might have my bike. 她问是否可以借用我的自行车。
【易错提醒】
can/could和may/might 都可以表示允许和请求允许。can最直截了当;could 礼貌客气;may 既尊重又婉转礼貌;might 带着太多的虚礼,所以很少使用。如:
肯定回答:Yes, of course. Yes, you can/may.
否定回答:No, you can’t/may not /mustn’t /I’m afraid not.
② 表示可能性,“也许”。may和might无时间差别,might语气上更不肯定些。不用于疑问句,可用can/could或别的说法。
You may/might have some fever. 你也许发烧了。
Can/could they be having a bath? 他们可能正在洗澡吗?
(3)must的用法
① 表示义务、命令或劝告,是“必须”之意。否定回答,多用needn’t 或 don’t have to。mustn’t表示“绝对不行、不可以”。
We must take this seriously. 我们必须严肃对待这事。
Must the ladies wear dresses? No, they don’t have to/they needn’t.
② 表示推测,是“肯定、一定”之意。此时,must只用于肯定句。在否定句或疑问句中,用can/could:
There must be a mistake. 准是弄错了。
Can/Could there be a mistake 可能会有错吗?
There can’t/couldn’t be a mistake. 不可能会有错吗?
【名师提醒】
1. 表示对现在和将来状况的推测:must一定,may可能,might也许,can’t不可能。从“一定”到“不可能”,可能性逐渐降低。
2. 对已经过去的情况的推测:情态动词+have +done。
(4)need:作为情态动词,一般只用于否定句和疑问句中。
You needn’t try to explain. 你不需要解释。(情态动词)
Need we stay here this evening? 今晚我们需要在这儿住下来吗?(情态动词)
She needs to come tomorrow. 明天她需要来。(实义动词)
need作实义动词时,后面的宾语如果是动名词,用主动形式表示被动意义,如果是不定式的被动形式,来表示被动意义。类似need的这种用法,还有require, want等。
My shoes need repairing. = My shoes need to be repaired. 我的鞋需要修理。
(5)dare:情态动词dare表示“敢”,在现代英语中,dare往往用作实义动词。
Dare he swim across the river? 他敢游过这条河吗?
He dare not come to see me. 他不敢来见我。
He didn’t dare to go. 他不敢去。
(6)should/ought to的用法
① 表示道义上的责任,义务或要求,有时表示劝告。ought to否定式为ought not to /oughtn’t to。
You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says.你应该更多的注意你律师的。
② 表示推测和可能性,是“应该”之意。 表示对现在和将来的推测。
You ought not to/shouldn’t be sleeping now. It’s eight o’clock.你不该还在睡觉,已经八点了。
③ “should/ought to have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测,“应该已经”。有时表“本应该”的意思;“should not/ought not to have+过去分词”表示“本不该”的意思。
You should not have asked him for help. 你本不应该向他求助。
④ 表示讲话人惊奇,失望,愤怒等感情:
It’s strange that he should have lost his temper. 真奇怪,他竟然发脾气。
(7)情态动词+have done
① “must have+过去分词”表对过去的推测,“一定已经,准是已经….”,用于肯定句。表示否定,要用“can’t/couldn’t+ have+过去分词”,意思是“不可能”.
The streets are wet. It must have rained. 街道是湿的,准是下雨了。
The money can’t have been lost there. 钱不可能是在那儿丢的。
② “may/might have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测,“也许已经┅,可能已经…”。用于肯定或否定句中。疑问句中用can或could. “might(不是may)have+过去分词”也表示“本来可以…”。
He may have gone to bed. 他可能已经上床睡觉了。
You might have succeeded if you had tried. 假如你尝试过,或许已经成功了。(虚拟语气)
③ “needn’t+ have+过去分词”表示“作了不必做或不需要做的事”。可译成“本不必”。
I needn’t have borrowed the money yesterday. 昨天我根本不需要借钱的。(实际上已经借了)
④ can/could have done在疑问句、否定句中,表示怀疑和不可能,这时没有时间上的差别,只是could的语气更弱一些:
Who can/could have taken them? 谁会把它们拿走了呢?
He can’t/couldn’t have taken it home. 他不可能是带回家去了。
⑤should/ought to have done表示“过去应该做谋事却没有做”;“should not/ought not to have+过去分词”表示“做了不应该做的事”。含有责备或遗憾的意思。
She should/ought to have gone there alone. 她本该一个人去那里的。(实际上不是)
The boy shouldn’t have been playing the piano. 那孩子不应该一直在弹钢琴。
⑥might, may, must表示推测时的区别: may,might, must可表示 推 测“可能”.根据表示可能性的大小,我们把这三个词排列为:might<may<must(或许→可能→肯定)。
情态动词的重点和难点是:情态动词之间的区别;表示“推测”的表达方式;以及“情态动词+have+过去分词”的含义。
2.3. 助动词
助动词没用词汇意义,不可单独作谓语,句中有动词原形用do/does/did;无动词原形用be;现在完成时用have / has;过去完成时用had。
助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,不能单独用作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用,帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构,有人称、数和时态的变化。
助动词do
形式
肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
原形
do
do not
don’t
第三人称单数
does
does not
doesn’t
过去式
did
did not
didn’t
助动词have
形式
肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
原形
have
have not
haven’t
第三人称单数
has
has not
hasn’t
过去式
had
had not
hadn’t
助动词do的用法:do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。
(1)用do构成否定句和疑问句。
I don’t like this kind of music. 我不喜欢这种音乐。
(2)"do+动词原形"构成强调句。
I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。
助动词have的用法:have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。
We haven’t seen for a long time. 我们很久没见面了
1.(2025·辽宁·本溪·模拟预测)First, when it rains, there isn’t much sunshine. It becomes cloudy and dark on rainy days, like how it looks when it’s bedtime. This makes our bodies something called melatonin (褪黑激素), which makes us sleepy.
A.attack B.produce C.attract D.operate
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这使得我们的身体会产生一种叫做褪黑素的物质,它会让我们感到困倦。
attack攻击;produce产生;attract吸引;operate操作。根据“something called melatonin”可知,身体产生一种叫做褪黑素的物,故选B。
2. (2025·辽宁·鞍山·三模)The potato went in strong and hard, but in the boiling water, it became soft and weak. The egg, once fragile (脆弱的), became hard inside. And the ground coffee beans changed the water and
something new.
A.checked B.made C.processed D.separated
【答案】B
【详解】句意:研磨的咖啡豆改变了水,并创造了新的东西。
checked检查;made制作;processed加工;separated分离。根据“something new”可知咖啡豆与水结合创造了新事物,故选B。
3.(24-25辽宁·营口·月考)There are more and more traffic accidents happening because of mobile phones. More
are likely to use mobile phones while driving.
A.drivers B.passengers C.people D.students
【答案】A
【详解】句意:更多司机可能在驾驶时使用手机。
drivers司机;passengers乘客;people人们;students学生。根据“while driving”可知,此处指“司机”。故选A。
考点二 动词的基本形式
形式
规则变化
例句
一般现在时第三人称单数
一般情况在动词后直接加-s
look→looks;work→works
以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词,后加-es
catch→catches;go→goes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-es
study→studies;try→tries
现在分词
一般情况在动词后直接加-ing
read→reading;go→going
以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词,直接加-ing
see →seeing;toe→toeing
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing
love→loving;write→writing
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ing
cut→cutting;put→putting
少数以ie结尾的动词,先变ie 为y再加-ing
die→dying;lie→lying
过去式和过去分词
一般情况在动词后直接加-ed
ask→asked;help→helped
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,只加-d
like→liked;live→lived
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed
cry→cried;study→studied
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ed
stop→stopped;plan→planned
1.(24-25辽宁·营口·月考)In order to make drivers pay more attention to driving, some new traffic rules have been .
A.found B.planned C.made D.obeyed
【答案】C
【详解】句意:为了让司机更专注驾驶,一些新交通规则已被制定。
found发现;planned计划;made制定;obeyed遵守。根据“new traffic rules”可知,规则是被“制定”的。故选C。
2.(24-25辽宁·营口·月考)When he lifted his eyes from the phone, he was so afraid that he around and ran away as quickly as possible.
A.left B.went C.turned D.put
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当他从手机上抬起眼,吓得转身尽快逃跑。
left离开;went去;turned转身;put放置。根据“ran away”可知,他先“转身”再跑。故选C。
3.(2025·辽宁·鞍山·三模)The potato went in strong and hard, but in the boiling water, it became soft and weak. The egg, once fragile (脆弱的), became hard inside. And the ground coffee beans changed the water and 19 something new.
A.checked B.made C.processed D.separated
【答案】B
【详解】句意:研磨的咖啡豆改变了水,并创造了新的东西。
checked检查;made制作;processed加工;separated分离。根据“something new”可知咖啡豆与水结合创造了新事物,故选B。
考点三 动词短语
1. 动词+介词/副词
No. 1 动词+介词
这类动词短语相当于及物动词,其后必修有宾语,且介词与动词不能分开,宾语只能放在介词之后,如:
add to增加 break into破门而入 ask for索取,寻找
care about 关心,在乎 come across偶然遇到 go for努力获取
deal with处理 get over克服 hope for希望,期待
get into养成(习惯) stick to坚持 pay for偿还,赔偿
provide for供给 plan for打算,为……计划 refer to提到,参考
fall behind落在......后面 laugh at嘲笑 feel like想要
No. 2 动词+away
throw away扔掉 put away把……收拾好 give away捐赠,分发
carry away运走 run away 潜逃,跑开 go away 走开
send for派人去请 stay away远离
No. 3 动词+on
try on试穿,试验 put on穿上,上演 have on穿着,戴着
pull on穿,戴 hold on不挂断,坚持,继续 carry on继续开展,坚持
keep on继续 go on继续 get on上(车)
focus/concentrate on集中注意力于,关注
No. 4 动词+over
come over过来 hand over移交 go over仔细检查,复习
get over克服,恢复 look over检查 think over仔细考虑
take over接受,接管 hand over 移交 turn over翻转
No. 5 动词+up
bring up抚育,培养 call up召唤,打电话给 come up走上前来,长出
cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放弃;go up 上升,增长
grow up 长大 look up尊敬,向上看,查寻 make up虚构,弥补,组成
put up举起,搭建 set up建立,创(纪录) pick up 捡起,(开车)接某人
send up发射 show up 揭露,露面 turn up出现,把(音量/亮度)调高
No. 6 动词+out
come out出来 go out出去,熄灭 look out留神,当心
walk out走出 set out出发,开始 put out扑灭,生产
give out发出,发表 hand out分发 pick out挑选
find out找出,发现 speak out大声地说 turn out生产,结果是
get out出去,离开 carry out实行,执行 work out计算出,解决,实行,行得通
bring out出版 start out 出发,动身
2. 动词+名词
No. 1 动词+名词
lose patience失去耐心 lose heart灰心 make a bet打赌
make a face做鬼脸 take effect生效 take place发生
take action采取措施 give way让步 make a difference有影响
lose weight减肥 lead the way领路 make a fortune发财
take one’s time慢慢来 take exercise做锻炼 take turns轮流
take advice征求意见
No. 2 动词+名词+介词
take care of 照顾 make fun of 取笑 take account of 考虑到
take part in参加 make friends with 与……交朋友 find fault with 挑……的毛病
get rid of 摆脱 pay attention to 注意 play a part in起作用
make progress in 在……方面取得进步 make room for为……腾出空间
make contributions to 对……作出贡献
put an end to结束 take advantage of利用 take notice of注意到
take pride in以……为豪 catch sight of看到 find fault with... 挑……的毛病
No. 3 动词+介词+名词
动词后需跟宾语类的短语有:
bring.. to an end 使……结束 keep/have... in mind 记住……
learn... by heart 记住…… put... into effect 使……生效
动词后不带宾语类的短语有:
come into being产生 come to power执政 come into use开始被使用 come into effect生效 put on weight 长胖
3. 高频动词短语
1. believe词组
believe in 确信,信任,信仰,主张 seeing is believing 眼见为实
2. blow词组
blow away 吹走 low off 吹掉,吹散,吹灭 blow up 吹大(气球),爆炸,发脾气
3. break词组
break away 摆脱,脱离
break down 出故障,中止,分解、抛锚、破坏,粉碎;瓦解;衰弱,损坏;(健康等)垮掉,累垮;崩溃
break in 打断,插话,闯入,强行进入,使顺服
break into … 闯入……,破门而入,突然开始,把(sth.)分成
break (sth) off (使某物)折断,中断某事物,突然停止,打断,断绝
break out (战争、火灾)突然发生,爆发,准备使用;起锚
break up vt. 分解,分裂,拆散,碎开,开垦,vi.结束
4. bring词组
bring back 拿(送)回来,使恢复,使回忆
bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼,使……苏醒
bring down 使……降低,减少,使……倒下,使……落下,浓缩,收缩,击落
bring in 引进(技术),赚钱,带来(收入),吸收
bring out 拿出,公布,出版,生产,揭露,阐明,使表现出
5. build词组
build ... into 把...建设成,把...装入 build up 增加,增进,建成,振兴 build up to 增加
6. call词组
call back 回电话 call on / upon 号召 call up 给……打电话,号召,召集
call for 提倡,号召 call / shout for help 呼救 call off 取消,下令停止
call in 召集,来访,打电话 call out 大声呼喊,叫喊,唤起 call on (sb) 拜访(某人),访问(某人)
7. check词组
check in 报到,登记旅馆 check out 查明,付款而离开旅馆
check on 检查,调查 check up 核对,检查,检验 check with 商议,符合,核对无误
8. come词组
come across 偶然相遇,想起;越过;偿付 come up with … 想出(主意)
come back 回来,想起来,复原 come for… 来拿,来取
come from… 来自,出生于,起源于 come in 进来,进入,流行起来;获名次
come into being 形成,产生,出现 come true 变为现实,成为事实,证实
come out 露出,出来,出现,出版 come to an end 结束,终止
9. cut词组
cut down 砍倒,砍下,削减,缩短 cut in 插嘴,加塞,插入
cut off 切断(线路),中断(供应),剪下,关掉 cut out 删除,剪下来,切下
cut up 切碎,剪碎,剁碎
10. fall词组
fall ill /asleep /silent 生病/睡着/沉默 fall back撤退,后退
fall behind 落后,落伍,落在后面 fall down 倒下,落下,掉下,病倒,失败
fall in love with...爱上(某人)
11. get词组
get along 相处 get away 移走,逃离(from)
get back 回来,取回,找回,报复 get behind 落后;识破
get close to 接近 get in 进入,收获,陷入
get into 进入,陷入,养成 get sb into… 使某人陷入
get it 接(电话),理解 get off 下车,脱下(衣服等),动身
get on 上车,穿上 get on / along with… 进展,与……相处
get out vi. 摆脱,下车,泄露,离开 get over 克服get up 起床,起身
get through 接通(电话),完成(工作) get ready for 为……做准备
12. give词组
give about 分配;传播 give away 赠送,给予 give back 归还,送回
give back 归还,反射 give in 投降,让步,屈服 give out vt.分发,公布,耗尽
give off 释放,放出 (烟、光、热、气味等)
13. keep词组
keep away from 避开,别靠近 keep company with...陪伴... keep out of … 不进入…
14. lay词组
lay down 放下,使躺下,放弃 lay off 解雇,放弃,停止 lay out 摆放
15. look词组
look at 看着,注视 look after 照顾,照料 look around四处看看
look back 回忆,回顾过去 look up to 仰望,尊敬 look for 寻找,期望
look out 向外看;注意,当心 look through 仔细查看,浏览,温习
look forward to sth /doing sth 盼望,期盼某事物/做某事
16. make词组
be made in 在……生产/制造 make a choice 做出选择 made up one’s mind 下决心
be made up of 由……组成 make up 化妆,打扮,编造
be made of 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(物理变化)(能看出)
made from 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(化学变化)(看不出)
17. pass词组
pass by 从旁边经过,时间流逝 pass away 去世 pass down 流传,世代相传
18. pick词组
pick out 挑选,认出 pick up 开车接(某人)捡起,学会,采摘
19. put词组
put away 将某物收拾起来 put down 扑灭,镇压,记下 put off 延期,拖延
put on (戏)上演,穿戴 put out 扑灭,熄灭 put through 完成
put up 挂起,张贴,举起,搭起,建立
20. take词组
take after 与某人相像,仿效 take away 拿走,使离开 take in 吸收
take away from… 从……带/拿走 take back 退回,拿回,收回 take down 记录,占领
take off (飞机)起飞,脱掉(衣帽/鞋) take out 拿出,取出,去除
21. think词组
think about 思考,考虑(是否去做) think of 想到,想起,认为,对……有看法/想法
think over 仔细考虑 think through… 思考……直到得出结论,想通
22. turn词组
turn … away 赶走……,辞退……,把……打发走,转脸不睬,使转变方向
turn down 关小/调低(音量/热度),拒绝,折叠,翻下,驳回,拒绝考虑
turn up 把音量开大,卷起,翻起,发生,出现,到达
turn over 把……翻过来,翻动,犁翻(土地),细想
turn in 交进,上缴,归还
turn on 打开(灯,气,水,电器等),反对;依靠,依赖,取决于
turn off 关掉(灯,气,水,电器等),解雇,避开(问题)
turn into 变成
turn…into… 把……变成……,转变成,走进
1.(2025·辽宁·鞍山·三模)After 20 minutes, he the stove. He placed the potatoes in one bowl, the eggs in another and poured the coffee into a cup. He asked his daughter, “What do you see?”
A.turned on B.turned out C.turned down D.turned off
【答案】D
【详解】句意:20分钟后,他关掉了炉子。
turned on打开;turned out结果是;turned down拒绝;turned off关闭。根据“He placed the potatoes in one bowl, the eggs in another and poured the coffee into a cup.”可知此处表示关闭炉子,故选D。
2.(24-25辽宁·营口·月考) Today, an increasing number of people are always their mobile phones with the heads down.
A.looking at B.searching for C.looking down D.picking up
【答案】A
【详解】句意:如今,越来越多的人总是低头看手机。
looking at看;searching for寻找;looking down向下看;picking up捡起。根据“with the heads down”可知,人们低头“看”手机。故选A。
3. (24-25辽宁·营口·月考)Whether they are good or not how people use them. Let’s be “healthy” users and try to be the “Heads-up Tribe”.
A.stand for B.depends on C.according to D.is from
【答案】B
【详解】句意:它们是好是坏取决于人们如何使用它们。
stand for代表;depends on取决于;according to根据;is from来自。根据“how people use them”可知,手机的好坏“取决于”使用方式。故选B。
4.(2025·辽宁·本溪·模拟预测)Along with dark skies and pink noise, the humidity (湿度) that rain brings also . When it’s raining, the air becomes heavy. This means our lungs (肺) have to work harder, which can make us feel tired and sleepy.
A.dies down B.plays a part C.runs out D.takes place
【答案】B
【详解】句意:除了阴沉的天空和粉色的噪音之外,雨水带来的潮湿气息也起到了一定的作用。
dies down减弱;plays a part起作用;runs out耗尽;takes place发生。根据“the humidity (湿度) that rain brings also ”可知,潮湿气息也起到了一定的作用,故选B。
考点四 高频易混动词辨析
高频易混动词
Group 1
take place
表示发生,只有计划,有安排的发生;不用于被动。
happen
表示发生,他是偶然性的发生。不用于被动。sb happen to do sth某人碰巧做某事。
Group 2
hope
希望,表达的愿望是有信心实现的;hope to do sth希望做某事,不用hope sb to do sth.
wish
希望,表达的愿望难以实现或不可能实现。wish表示祝愿,可以用wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事,也可以用wish to do sth希望做某事。Wish sb+名词,表示祝愿某人……
Group 3
wear
通常指穿着衣服的状态,
put on
通常指穿衣的动作,
dress
“给..穿衣服”dress sb, get dressed“穿着”表状态
in
后面可以接颜色或衣服,着重于服装的款式或颜色。in red 穿着红衣服,in a red skirt穿着一条红裙
Group 4
join
其后常接表示团体、组织类的名词,表示成为其中一员,join the Music Club加入音乐俱乐部, 也可接sb;join them加入他们
join in
加入,参加活动。join in sth/doing sth
take part in
指参加会议或群众性活动等,着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用
Group 5
leave
表示“离开、遗忘”leave sth.+sw,表示把某物忘在某地;
forget
忘记,后接sth/sb, 常用于forget to do sth.忘记去做某事;或者forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
lose
丢失,失去,lose sth丢失某物。lost是lose的过去式或过去分词. loss 是它的名词形式
Group 6
hear
听见,听到。其后直接跟宾语,强调的是听的结果,
listen
“听”强调的是听的动作,不及物动词。接宾语时,常与to连用
Group 7
find
找到,强调找的结果;find还表示“发现”,find sb do/doing sth 发现某人做了/正在做某事;
look for
寻找,强调找的过程
find out
表示找出,发现,查明(真相等) ,指通过调查、寻问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚、弄明白”,通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义,指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。
Group 8
receive
指客观上的收到;
accept
指主观上的接受
Group 9
advise
意为建议,常用搭配是advise sb(not) to do建议某人做(不做)某事, 名词形式:advice(不可数)
suggest
意为“建议” 常用搭配是suggest doing/n., suggest (that) sb (should) do, suggest sth to sb
Group 10
borrow
意为“借来”,borrow sth from sb向某人借某物.,是瞬间动词,不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
lend
意为“借出”, lend sth to sb把某物借给某人, 是瞬间动词,不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用
keep
意为“保管”,是延续性动词,能与for…,since… how long等表示一段时间的时间状语连用
Group 11
developed
发达的;形容词。developed countries意为“发达国家
developing
发展中的 , 形容词. developing countries意为“发展中国家”,
development
发展,名词。
develop
发展, 动词。
Group 12
dead
形容词,死了的;
dying
即将死去的;垂死的
die
动词,死;过去式,过去分词died
death
名词,死亡
Group 13
talk
谈话,是不及物动词,常用talk to /with sb. (跟某人谈话),talk about sth 谈论某事
speak
“说”、“讲”、“演讲”。 speak at our class meeting.在班会上发言; 做及物动词时,宾语常是表示语言的词。speak Chinese说汉语
tell
告诉;用于 “tell sb. sth.”或 “tell sb. about sth.” 的句型中。此外tell后面可加一些固定的名词,如 tell a lie(说慌), tell the truth (说实话), tell a story(讲故事)。
say
作为及物动词时,后跟宾语,侧重于说的内容:也可以用作不及物动词,常用say to sb
Group 14
spend
主语必须是人, sb spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。sb spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。
cost
的主语是物或某种活动,sth. costs (sb.) +金钱, 某物花了(某人)多少钱. 注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
take
主语为物或it,It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。doing sth. takes sb.+时间,做某事花了某人多少时间
pay
主语为人 sb pay money for sth. 付钱买……
Group 15
carry
提;扛;搬,没有方向性.
take
拿去,带去,带离说话处。 take sth with sb指随身带上某物
bring
拿来,带来 指从别处把某人或某物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点来
fetch
去取来,接来
Group 16
beat
打败,后接人或团体;beat 还有敲打,心脏跳动的意思
win
赢得,后接比赛、奖品(game, match, competition, war, prize, medal)
1.(2025·辽宁·鞍山·三模)Once upon a time, a daughter told her father she was tired of hard life because it was
of problems.
A.filled B.fill C.full D.filling
【答案】C
【详解】句意:从前,一个女儿告诉她的父亲,她对艰苦的生活感到厌倦,因为它充满了问题。
filled充满;fill填充;full满的;filling填充物。be full of“充满”,为固定短语。故选C。
2.(2025·辽宁·鞍山·三模)After 20 minutes, he the stove. He placed the potatoes in one bowl, the eggs in another and poured the coffee into a cup. He asked his daughter, “What do you see?”
A.turned on B.turned out C.turned down D.turned off
【答案】D
【详解】句意:20分钟后,他关掉了炉子。
turned on打开;turned out结果是;turned down拒绝;turned off关闭。根据“He placed the potatoes in one bowl, the eggs in another and poured the coffee into a cup.”可知此处表示关闭炉子,故选D。
3. (2025·辽宁·鞍山·三模)She the potatoes and they were soft. She broke an egg and saw it was hard inside.
A.felt B.smelled C.touched D.tasted
【答案】C
【详解】句意:她摸了摸土豆,看到它们变软了。
felt感觉;smelled闻;touched触摸;tasted品尝。根据“saw they were soft”可知是通过触摸发现的,故选C。
一、完形填空
(24-25辽宁·营口·期中)
Two boys from a small village were good friends. They always spent their time together. They had a(n) 1 dream of serving the nation. Finally, they both joined the army.
As the days went by, they got an opportunity to 2 the country. War broke out. They prepared themselves for the fight. Before they 3 from their respective (各自的) base camp, the two texted each other about being safe. They went into fight, faced their enemies bravely. But 4 , one of the friends was badly injured.
On hearing this, the other friend 5 to save him. But his commander stopped him and said, “You cannot go there. Because by the time you get there, your friend will have been dead.” He 6 that he be allowed to go. The commander agreed. He went and 7 in sadness. He told the commander his friend was dead.
Hearing this, the commander said. “I told you that by the time you got there, your friend would have been dead. Your 8 don’t get you anything now.” He replied, “Sir, when I went there, I could see his smile. Then, looking into my eyes, he said, ‘My friend, I was 9 that you would come to save me.’ I could not 10 him but his last words showed his trust in me and our friendship. So, my effort is nothing when we compare it with our friendship.”
1.A.different B.strange C.similar D.suitable
2.A.serve B.visit C.reach D.impress
3.A.heard B.escaped C.started D.kept
4.A.finally B.slowly C.actually D.unluckily
5.A.decided B.continued C.preferred D.needed
6.A.promised B.advised C.requested D.showed
7.A.joined in B.came back C.looked after D.got away
8.A.efforts B.changes C.challenges D.answers
9.A.amazed B.anxious C.confident D.confused
10.A.trust B.save C.wake D.leave
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.A
6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B
【详解】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了两个好朋友共同参军,在战争中一人受伤,另一人不顾命令去救他,尽管朋友最终还是去世了,但他认为朋友的信任和他们的友谊是无价的。
1.句意:他们有一个相似的梦想,那就是报效国家。
different不同的;strange奇怪的;similar相似的;suitable合适的。根据下文“Finally, they both joined the army.”可知,两人有相似的梦想,所以都去参军了。故选C。
2.句意:随着时间的推移,他们有机会为国家服务。
serve服务;visit参观;reach到达;impress给……留下深刻印象。根据上文“They had a(n) ... dream of serving the nation.”可知,他们有机会为国家服务。故选A。
3.句意:在他们从各自的基地出发前,两人互相发短信表示要安全。
heard听到;escaped逃跑;started出发;kept保持。根据下文“from their respective (各自的) base camp”可知,是在从基地出发前。故选C。
4.句意:但不幸的是,其中一个朋友受了重伤。
finally最终;slowly慢慢地;actually实际上;unluckily不幸地。根据下文“one of the friends was badly injured.”可知,一个朋友受了重伤,这是不幸的。故选D。
5.句意:听到这个消息,另一个朋友决定去救他。
decided决定;continued继续;preferred更喜欢;needed需要。根据下文“But his commander stopped him”可知,另一个朋友决定去救他。故选A。
6.句意:他请求允许他去。
promised承诺;advised建议;requested请求;showed展示。根据上文“But his commander stopped him”可知,他的指挥官阻止了他,所以他请求允许他去。故选C。
7.句意:他去了,然后悲伤地回来了。
joined in加入;came back回来;looked after照顾;got away逃离。根据下文“He told the commander his friend was dead.”可知,他去了,然后悲伤地回来了。故选B。
8.句意:你的努力现在没有任何意义了。
efforts努力;changes改变;challenges挑战;answers回答。根据上文“I told you that by the time you got there, your friend would have been dead.”可知,指挥官认为他的努力没有意义了。故选A。
9.句意:我的朋友,我相信你会来救我的。
amazed惊讶的;anxious焦虑的;confident自信的,相信的;confused困惑的。根据下文“but his last words showed his trust in me and our friendship.”可知,朋友相信他会来救他。故选C。
10.句意:我救不了他,但他最后的话显示了他对我的信任和我们的友谊。
trust信任;save拯救;wake叫醒;leave离开。根据上文“On hearing this, the other friend ... to save him.”可知,他没能救朋友。故选B。
(2025·辽宁·抚顺·一模)
Right after breakfast, Nana and her father put on their warm clothes and went into the yard. There were few cars on the road because of the heavy snow. Many people chose to work at home but Nana’s mother 11 , she had to work the night before at the local hospital.
Nana made a small snowball and rolled it on the ground 12 . The ball soon turned into the size of a big snowman’s 13 . Now Father joined in and together they began rolling another much bigger one for the snowman’s body. When the 14 became almost half as tall as Nana’s dad, they rolled it to the middle of the yard. Father helped Nana to 15 the snowman’s head on its body and made the snowman’s eyes and nose.
Finally, they went to get two twigs (树枝) because the snowman still needed two arms. They also made sure the twigs were 16 enough so that birds could stand on them to sing their cheerful songs. Suddenly, Nana seemed that she had forgotten 17 ! She rushed into the house and then out she came with a hat and a scarf in her hand. Father knew what Nana 18 so he held her up to let her dress the snowman up.
After everything was done, both of them went inside. Then Nana sat by the window and 19 the snowman and the gate of the yard. She couldn’t wait for the return of her 20 from work to see the snowman.
11.A.mustn’t B.couldn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
12.A.happily B.suddenly C.hardly D.politely
13.A.head B.arm C.nose D.body
14.A.clothes B.wheel C.stone D.ball
15.A.put B.turn C.hide D.draw
16.A.beautiful B.soft C.close D.strong
17.A.someone B.nothing C.something D.everything
18.A.lost B.broke C.saw D.meant
19.A.threw away B.looked at C.put up D.spoke to
20.A.father B.sister C.mother D.brother
【答案】
11.B 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.A
16.D 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.C
【解析】本文主要讲述了娜娜和爸爸在大雪后一起在院子里堆雪人的故事。
11.句意:许多人选择居家办公,但娜娜的妈妈不能,她前一晚得在当地医院工作。
mustn’t禁止;couldn’t不能;needn’t不必;shouldn’t不应该。根据“she had to work the night before at the local hospital”可知,娜娜的妈妈因为前一晚在医院上班所以不能居家办公。故选 B。
12.句意:娜娜做了一个小雪球,然后在地上开心地滚动它。
happily开心地;suddenly突然地;hardly几乎不;politely礼貌地。结合语境,堆雪人是开心的事,所以是开心地滚动雪球。故选 A。
13.句意:这个球很快变成了一个大雪人头部的大小。
head头;arm胳膊;nose鼻子;body身体。根据后文“for the snowman’s body”以及堆雪人的常识,先做头部再做身体,所以此处是头部的大小。故选 A。
14.句意:当这个球差不多有娜娜爸爸一半高的时候,他们把它滚到院子中间。
clothes衣服;wheel轮子;stone石头;ball球。根据前文“rolled another much bigger one for the snowman’s body”可知,这里指的是做雪人身子的那个球。故选 D。
15.句意:爸爸帮娜娜把雪人的头安在它的身体上,然后做了雪人的眼睛和鼻子。
put放,安置;turn转动;hide隐藏;draw画。结合堆雪人步骤,是把头部安置在身体上。故选 A。
16.句意:他们还确保树枝足够牢固,以便鸟儿可以站在上面唱欢快的歌。
beautiful美丽的;soft柔软的;close近的;strong牢固的。根据“so that birds could stand on them”可知,树枝需要足够牢固才能让鸟儿站立。故选 D。
17.句意:突然,娜娜好像忘记了某件事!
someone某人;nothing没什么;something某事;everything一切。根据“She rushed into the house and then out she came with a hat and a scarf in her hand.”可知,她忘记了某件事。故选 C。
18.句意:爸爸知道娜娜的意思,所以他把她举起来,让她给雪人装扮。
lost丢失;broke打破;saw看见;meant意思是。根据“so he held her up to let her dress the snowman up”可知,爸爸理解了娜娜的意图。故选 D。
19.句意:然后娜娜坐在窗边,看着雪人和院子的大门。
threw away扔掉;looked at看;put up张贴;spoke to和……说话。根据“sat by the window”可知,是坐在窗边,看着雪人和大门。故选 B。
20.句意:她迫不及待地等妈妈下班回来看到这个雪人。
father爸爸;sister姐妹;mother妈妈;brother兄弟。根据前文“Nana’s mother…she had to work the night before at the local hospital”可知,是等妈妈下班回来。故选 C。
二、语篇填空:
(24-25辽宁·本溪·开学考试)
Do you know the Chinese story of “High Mountains and Flowing Water《高山流水》”? It’s about two best 21 (friend) Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi in ancient China. Boya was a great 22 (music) at that time. He was very good at playing the guqin.
One day, Boya met 23 man called Zhong Ziqi when he was playing the guqin. Ziqi said, “How 24 (beautiful) you’re playing the guqin!” Boya was glad to hear Ziqi’s words. Then he played the second piece of music. Ziqi couldn’t help clapping (鼓掌) 25 (he) hands. Then he said, “When I listen to it, I seem 26 (hear) mountains singing and water flowing in your music.” Boya was 27 (excite) and decided to play more music for Ziqi. When he played another new piece, Ziqi could tell what Boya was thinking about.
28 that, Boya and Ziqi became closer. When Ziqi 29 (die), Boya played his guqin for the last time in front 30 Ziqi’s tomb (坟墓). Then he broke his guqin and decided never to play it again. Now, we usually use the words “high mountains and flowing water” to describe that it’s difficult to find people who best understand and admire each other.
【答案】
21.friends 22.musician 23.a 24.beautifully 25.his
26.to hear 27.excited 28.After 29.died 30.of
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“高山流水”的故事,描述了俞伯牙和钟子期之间的深厚友谊。
21.句意:这是关于中国古代两位最好的朋友俞伯牙和钟子期的故事。根据“It’s about two best…Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi in ancient China.”可知,friends“朋友”,two best修饰名词复数。故填friends。
22.句意:伯牙是当时一位伟大的音乐家。根据“Boya was a great…”可知,此处表达伯牙是一个伟大的音乐家,musician“音乐家”,a great修饰名词。故填musician。
23.句意:一天,伯牙在弹古琴时遇到了一个叫钟子期的人。根据“One day, Boya met…man called Zhong Ziqi when he was playing the guqin.”可知,man是辅音音素开头的单词,所以a表示“一个”。故填a。
24.句意:你弹古琴弹得真美!根据“How…you’re playing the guqin!”可知,此处是感叹句,应用副词beautifully表示“漂亮地”,修饰动词playing。故填beautifully。
25.句意:子期忍不住鼓起掌来。根据“Ziqi couldn’t help clapping…hands”可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词his,修饰空后名词hands。故填his。
26.句意:当我听它时,我似乎听到了山在歌唱,水在你的音乐中流淌。根据“When I listen to it, I seem…mountains singing and water flowing in your music.”可知,此处应用动词不定式to hear,构成seem to do“似乎”。故填to hear。
27.句意:伯牙很兴奋,决定为子期演奏更多的音乐。根据“Boya was…and decided to play more music for Ziqi.”可知,此处应用形容词excited作表语,修饰人。故填excited。
28.句意:从那以后,伯牙和子期变得更加亲密。根据“…that, Boya and Ziqi became closer.”可知,after that“在那以后”,固定搭配,句首首字母大写。故填After。
29.句意:当子期去世时,伯牙在子期的墓前最后一次弹奏古琴。根据“When Ziqi…”可知,此处表达,当子期去世时,应用一般过去时died。故填died。
30.句意:然后他摔碎了古琴,决定再也不弹了。根据“Boya played his guqin for the last time in front…Ziqi’ s tomb.”可知,in front of意为“在……前面”,介词短语。故填of。
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