专题07 被动语态（复习讲义）（辽宁专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题07 被动语态 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 2 03 考点通关·靶向突破..................................................................................................................... 3 考点一 什么是被动语态 3 考点二 被动语态的构成 4 考点三 特殊用法与易错点 5 04 优题精选· 练能提分..............................................................................................................................................7 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 不同时态的被动语态 · 掌握不同时态的被动语态的基本知识 · 10年10考 在辽宁省中考英语试卷中，被动语态的考查常以单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、词语运用的形式来进行，考查的命题点有：不同时态的被动语态辨析、被动语态的用法、主动形式表被动意义等。 被动语态的用法‌ · 掌握被动语态的不同用法 · 10年10考 主动形式表示被动含义‌ · 掌握中考考点中主动形式表示被动含义的动词‌ · 近10年连续考查 被动语态易混易错点 · 掌握系表结构与被动语态的区别，be+过去分词与get+过去分词的区别，主动语态变被动语态的易错点 · 近10年连续考查 目标导航： 1.系统复习并掌握语态的基本知识。 2. 主动形式表示被动意义。 3.熟练被动语态的基本用法和语态使用易错点。 4.强化在复杂语境中辨别语态的能力。 ❤锦囊妙计 1.做这类题目时，必须弄清动作的执行者与承受者。 2.考生在备考时应注意熟练掌握各种时态下的被动语态所表示的意义、其结构和相关的时间状语。解答考查被动语态类题时，可根据具体语境、时间标志词、从句和主句的时态搭配、固定句型等判断出正确答案。 考点一 什么是被动语态 什么是语态？ 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者，被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。（在被动语态的句子中，动作执行者可以由介词by引导的短语表示。be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。） He broke the vast. 他打破了这个花瓶。（主动语态） The vast was broken by him. 这个花瓶是他打破的。（被动语态） 何时使用被动语态？ 不知道或不需要指出动作的执行者时。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。(不知道谁偷的) 强调动作的承受者时。 This book was written in 2020. 这本书写于2020年。(强调“书”) 出于礼貌或行文需要，有意省略执行者。 You are invited to the party. 你被邀请参加派对。(显得更正式、客观) 1.（2024·辽宁·中考·真题）Usually, gloves (need), but you can choose not to wear them. 2. （2024·辽宁·模拟·预测） Heng Jing killed the devil. The whole village celebrated, because they (save) by the brave young man. 3. （2025·辽宁·大连·一模） The Olympic Rings are made up of five rings that are interlocked together. These rings are blue, yellow, black, green, and red. They (place) on a white background. 4. （2025·辽宁·大连·一模）Green tea, such as Longjing, tastes fresh and is good for health. Black tea has a strong taste and usually, it (drink) with milk in the West. 5. （2025·辽宁·锦州·二模）Instead of spending hours on the playground, the “large exercise meal” ___________ (break) into small “snacks” by them. 考点二 被动语态的构成 核心公式：be + 过去分词 (done) be动词：有人称、数和时态的变化。它是构成被动语态的关键变量。 过去分词：规则动词加-ed，不规则动词需单独记忆（如 write → written, build → built）。它是被动语态的恒定标志。 时态 主动语态句例 被动语态构成 被动语态句例 一般现在时 We clean the room. am/is/are + done The room is cleaned (by us). 一般过去时 They built the bridge. was/were + done The bridge was built (by them). 一般将来时 She will water the flowers. will be + done The flowers will be watered (by her). 含情态动词 You must finish the work. 情态动词 + be + done The work must be finished (by you). 现在进行时 He is repairing the car. am/is/are + being + done The car is being repaired (by him). 现在完成时 I have made a decision. have/has been + done The decision has been made (by me). 1. （2025·辽宁·鞍山·二模）This was not their first time on stage—robot dogs from the same company ___________ (see) dancing at the 2021 Gala. 2. （2025·辽宁沈阳·二模）That meant that paper money (support) by gold. 3. （2025·辽宁·抚顺·二模）Some people say this practice should (introduce) to schools all over the country. 4. （2025·辽宁·大连·模拟预测） Experts at the competition praised her artwork. The blue and red colors _________ (use) in the painting to cleverly divide it into two different parts: the future and the past. 考点三 特殊用法与易错点 1. 主动形式表被动含义的动词 1. 当句中为某些连系动词时，如：feel, look, smell, taste, sound以及remain, keep, become等： The fish smells good. 鱼闻起来味道不错。 2. 当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash, burn, cook, draw等作为不及物动词，表示主语（通常为物）内在“品质”或“性能”时； 3. 当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意思时。此时，这些词常用easily, quickly, well等副词修饰。 This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布料很好洗。 These novels doesn’t sell well. 这些小说不畅销。 My pen writes smoothly. 我的钢笔书写流畅。 The door won’t lock. 这门无法关上。 名师提醒：此时，这些动词常与can’t, won’t等连用。 4. 不及物动词（短语）不用于被动语态，如：happen, occur, break out, take place, come about, work out等。 The war broke out in 1937. 战争爆发于1937年。 The plan worked out successfully. 计划成功实施了。 2. 短语动词的被动语态 当动词与介词或副词构成固定短语（如 look after, turn on, give up）时，变为被动语态要视为一个整体，介词或副词不可遗漏。 主动：The nurses take good care of the children. 被动：The children are taken good care of (by the nurses). 3. 带双宾语的动词的被动语态 有些动词（如 give, show, tell, buy）后可跟两个宾语（间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物）。变被动时，通常将“人”作为被动句主语更自然。 主动：He gave me a book. 被动1：I was given a book (by him). （更常用） 被动2：A book was given to me (by him). 4. 不用被动语态的情况（高频易错点） 3.1不及物动词（vi.） 没有被动语态，因为它们没有宾语。 (×) The accident was happened last night. (√) The accident happened last night. 3.2常见不及物动词：appear, disappear, happen, rise, fall, die, stay, remain, succeed 等。系动词（Link v.） 没有被动语态。 (×) The flower is smelled sweet. (smell是系动词，后接形容词) (√) The flower smells sweet. 3.3某些表示状态或关系的及物动词，如 have（有）, own, belong to, suit, fit, lack, cost 等。 (×) This book is belonged to me. (√) This book belongs to me. 5. 主动形式表被动意义 少数动词的主动形式可以表示被动含义，主语通常是“物”。 This pen writes smoothly. （这支笔写起来很流畅。） The new book sells well. （这本新书很畅销。） The cloth washes easily. （这种布料很好洗。） 常见此类动词：read, write, wash, clean, sell, open, close, lock, feel 等。 6. 不能用于被动语态的高频动词 不及物动词及短语 出现 appear 死 die 消失 disappear 躺 lie 升起 rise 同意 agree 属于 belong to 爆发 break out 由…组成 consist of 赶上 keep up with 发生 happen take place occur 静态动词 变成 become 有益于 benefit 等于 equal 失败 fail 包含 contain 缺少 lack 持续 last 意味着 mean 值…钱 cost 1.（2025·辽宁抚顺·二模）It is best (know) as a center for software (软件) research, development and services.   2.（2025·辽宁沈阳·二模）At the same time, some light fish or frogs (lift), too. 语篇填空： 1. （2025·辽宁·铁岭·三模）In modern times, The Analects (use) almost every day by lots of people. They think it is full of wise (suggestion). 2. （2025·辽宁·大连·一模）Black tea has a strong taste and usually, it (drink) with milk in the West. 3. （24-25辽宁·营口·月考）Africa has a long history and a rich culture, and this (show) in a traditional dress. 4. （24-25辽宁·沈阳·期中）It (use) for farming in the future. 5. （24-25辽宁·沈阳·开学考试）When water bottles and other big plastic things (leave) outside, they break down slowly into microplastics. （2025·辽宁·本溪·模拟预测） How many backpacks have you owned since you went to school? Backpacks have become common and popular 6 students in the past 30 years. If your backpacks become old, will you just treat them as rubbish and throw them away? Five years ago, a research 7 (show) that 85% of the old backpacks ended up in rubbish. But as we know, most backpacks 8 (produce) from different materials. If we throw them away, they will be harmful to our environment. 9 some of the old backpacks are no longer of their right color or size, there are still many things you can do with them. Here are some 10 (use) ways for you. For example, do you find it difficult to find 11 (tool) in the house? You can solve this problem by making use of your old backpacks to store all kinds of tools. Also, it is such 12 wonderful idea that you can put your old backpacks online for sale. Besides, offering your backpacks to other poor kids is another good 13 (choose), as those old backpacks may make their life 14 (convenient) than before. All in all, old backpacks are still 15 (value) as long as we put them into use wisely. Remember: rubbish can be turned into treasures! 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 被动语态 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 2 03 考点通关·靶向突破..................................................................................................................... 3 考点一 什么是被动语态 3 考点二 被动语态的构成 4 考点三 特殊用法与易错点 6 04 优题精选· 练能提分..............................................................................................................................................8 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 不同时态的被动语态 · 掌握不同时态的被动语态的基本知识 · 10年10考 在辽宁省中考英语试卷中，被动语态的考查常以单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、词语运用的形式来进行，考查的命题点有：不同时态的被动语态辨析、被动语态的用法、主动形式表被动意义等。 被动语态的用法‌ · 掌握被动语态的不同用法 · 10年10考 主动形式表示被动含义‌ · 掌握中考考点中主动形式表示被动含义的动词‌ · 近10年连续考查 被动语态易混易错点 · 掌握系表结构与被动语态的区别，be+过去分词与get+过去分词的区别，主动语态变被动语态的易错点 · 近10年连续考查 目标导航： 1.系统复习并掌握语态的基本知识。 2. 主动形式表示被动意义。 3.熟练被动语态的基本用法和语态使用易错点。 4.强化在复杂语境中辨别语态的能力。 ❤锦囊妙计 1.做这类题目时，必须弄清动作的执行者与承受者。 2.考生在备考时应注意熟练掌握各种时态下的被动语态所表示的意义、其结构和相关的时间状语。解答考查被动语态类题时，可根据具体语境、时间标志词、从句和主句的时态搭配、固定句型等判断出正确答案。 考点一 什么是被动语态 什么是语态？ 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者，被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。（在被动语态的句子中，动作执行者可以由介词by引导的短语表示。be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。） He broke the vast. 他打破了这个花瓶。（主动语态） The vast was broken by him. 这个花瓶是他打破的。（被动语态） 何时使用被动语态？ 不知道或不需要指出动作的执行者时。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。(不知道谁偷的) 强调动作的承受者时。 This book was written in 2020. 这本书写于2020年。(强调“书”) 出于礼貌或行文需要，有意省略执行者。 You are invited to the party. 你被邀请参加派对。(显得更正式、客观) 1.（2024·辽宁·中考·真题）Usually, gloves (need), but you can choose not to wear them. 【答案】are needed 【详解】句意：通常，手套是必需的，但你可以选择不戴。主语“gloves”是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are needed。 2. （2024·辽宁·模拟·预测） Heng Jing killed the devil. The whole village celebrated, because they (save) by the brave young man. 【答案】were saved 【详解】句意：全村的人都在庆祝，因为他们被那个勇敢的年轻人救了。根据“by”和“The whole village celebrated”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，且是被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were，故填were saved。 3. （2025·辽宁·大连·一模） The Olympic Rings are made up of five rings that are interlocked together. These rings are blue, yellow, black, green, and red. They (place) on a white background. 【答案】are placed 【详解】句意：它们被放置在白色的背景上。They指代“These rings”，place意为 “放置”，“rings”和“place”之间是被动关系，且句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”，主语they是复数，所以be动词用are。故填are placed。 4. （2025·辽宁·大连·一模）Green tea, such as Longjing, tastes fresh and is good for health. Black tea has a strong taste and usually, it (drink) with milk in the West. 【答案】is drunk 【详解】句意：红茶味道浓郁，在西方，它通常和牛奶一起饮用。 主语“it”（指红茶）和“drink”之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，结合上下文可知，此处是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数。故填is drunk。 5. （2025·辽宁·锦州·二模）Instead of spending hours on the playground, the “large exercise meal” ___________ (break) into small “snacks” by them. 【答案】is broken 【详解】句意：而不是花几个小时在操场上，这种“大型锻炼餐”被他们分成小的“零食”。根据“by them”可知，此处是被动语态结构，句子是一般现在时，主语是单数，be动词用is，故填is broken。 考点二 被动语态的构成 核心公式：be + 过去分词 (done) be动词：有人称、数和时态的变化。它是构成被动语态的关键变量。 过去分词：规则动词加-ed，不规则动词需单独记忆（如 write → written, build → built）。它是被动语态的恒定标志。 时态 主动语态句例 被动语态构成 被动语态句例 一般现在时 We clean the room. am/is/are + done The room is cleaned (by us). 一般过去时 They built the bridge. was/were + done The bridge was built (by them). 一般将来时 She will water the flowers. will be + done The flowers will be watered (by her). 含情态动词 You must finish the work. 情态动词 + be + done The work must be finished (by you). 现在进行时 He is repairing the car. am/is/are + being + done The car is being repaired (by him). 现在完成时 I have made a decision. have/has been + done The decision has been made (by me). 1. （2025·辽宁·鞍山·二模）This was not their first time on stage—robot dogs from the same company ___________ (see) dancing at the 2021 Gala. 【答案】were seen 【详解】句意：这不是它们第一次登上舞台——来自同一家公司的机器狗曾在2021年的联欢晚会上被看到跳舞。根据“This was not their first time on stage—robot dogs from the same company...dancing at the 2021 Gala.”可知，句子主语“robot dogs”和谓语动词“see”之间是被动关系，且时间是“2021”，是过去的时间，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是“was/were + 过去分词”，主语“robot dogs”是复数，所以用“were seen”。故填were seen。 2. （2025·辽宁沈阳·二模）That meant that paper money (support) by gold. 【答案】was supported 【详解】句意：这意味着纸币是由黄金支撑的。主语“paper money”与support之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，结合meant，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态表达，主语为不可数名词，be动词用 was。故填was supported。 3. （2025·辽宁·抚顺·二模）Some people say this practice should (introduce) to schools all over the country. 【答案】be introduced 【详解】句意：有些人说这种做法应该推广到全国各地的学校。根据“Some people say this practice should...to schools all over the country.”可知，此处表示这种做法应该被推广，含有情态动词的被动语态结构为“情态动词+be+动词的过去分词”，introduce的过去分词是introduced。故填be introduced。 4. （2025·辽宁·大连·模拟预测） Experts at the competition praised her artwork. The blue and red colors _________ (use) in the painting to cleverly divide it into two different parts: the future and the past. 【答案】were used 【详解】句意：画中使用的蓝色和红色，巧妙地将其分成两个不同的部分：未来和过去。主语colors与use之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态。而这幅画是之前就完成了的，故该句应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语colors为复数，谓语动词应用were used。故填were used。 考点三 特殊用法与易错点 1. 主动形式表被动含义的动词 1. 当句中为某些连系动词时，如：feel, look, smell, taste, sound以及remain, keep, become等： The fish smells good. 鱼闻起来味道不错。 2. 当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash, burn, cook, draw等作为不及物动词，表示主语（通常为物）内在“品质”或“性能”时； 3. 当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意思时。此时，这些词常用easily, quickly, well等副词修饰。 This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布料很好洗。 These novels doesn’t sell well. 这些小说不畅销。 My pen writes smoothly. 我的钢笔书写流畅。 The door won’t lock. 这门无法关上。 名师提醒：此时，这些动词常与can’t, won’t等连用。 4. 不及物动词（短语）不用于被动语态，如：happen, occur, break out, take place, come about, work out等。 The war broke out in 1937. 战争爆发于1937年。 The plan worked out successfully. 计划成功实施了。 2. 短语动词的被动语态 当动词与介词或副词构成固定短语（如 look after, turn on, give up）时，变为被动语态要视为一个整体，介词或副词不可遗漏。 主动：The nurses take good care of the children. 被动：The children are taken good care of (by the nurses). 3. 带双宾语的动词的被动语态 有些动词（如 give, show, tell, buy）后可跟两个宾语（间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物）。变被动时，通常将“人”作为被动句主语更自然。 主动：He gave me a book. 被动1：I was given a book (by him). （更常用） 被动2：A book was given to me (by him). 4. 不用被动语态的情况（高频易错点） 3.1不及物动词（vi.） 没有被动语态，因为它们没有宾语。 (×) The accident was happened last night. (√) The accident happened last night. 3.2常见不及物动词：appear, disappear, happen, rise, fall, die, stay, remain, succeed 等。系动词（Link v.） 没有被动语态。 (×) The flower is smelled sweet. (smell是系动词，后接形容词) (√) The flower smells sweet. 3.3某些表示状态或关系的及物动词，如 have（有）, own, belong to, suit, fit, lack, cost 等。 (×) This book is belonged to me. (√) This book belongs to me. 5. 主动形式表被动意义 少数动词的主动形式可以表示被动含义，主语通常是“物”。 This pen writes smoothly. （这支笔写起来很流畅。） The new book sells well. （这本新书很畅销。） The cloth washes easily. （这种布料很好洗。） 常见此类动词：read, write, wash, clean, sell, open, close, lock, feel 等。 6. 不能用于被动语态的高频动词 不及物动词及短语 出现 appear 死 die 消失 disappear 躺 lie 升起 rise 同意 agree 属于 belong to 爆发 break out 由…组成 consist of 赶上 keep up with 发生 happen take place occur 静态动词 变成 become 有益于 benefit 等于 equal 失败 fail 包含 contain 缺少 lack 持续 last 意味着 mean 值…钱 cost 1.（2025·辽宁抚顺·二模）It is best (know) as a center for software (软件) research, development and services.   【答案】known 【详解】句意：它以软件研究、开发和服务中心而闻名。形容词短语be known as表示“作为……而出名”。故填known。 2.（2025·辽宁沈阳·二模）At the same time, some light fish or frogs (lift), too. 【答案】are lifted 【详解】句意：同时，一些小鱼或青蛙也被抬起来了。根据语境可知，“some light fish or frogs”和“lift”之间是被动关系，即“被抬起”，该句时态为一般现在时，所以要用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构是“am/is/are + 过去分词”，“some light fish or frogs”是复数，be动词用“are”，“lift”的过去分词是“lifted”。故填are lifted。 语篇填空： 1. （2025·辽宁·铁岭·三模）In modern times, The Analects (use) almost every day by lots of people. They think it is full of wise (suggestion). 【答案】is used 【详解】句意：在现代，《论语》几乎每天都被许多人所运用。根据“In modern times, The Analects...(use) almost every day by lots of people.”可知，句子用一般现在时，主语“The Analects (《论语》)与动词use之间是被动关系，此处用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”，主语是单数，be动词用is，use的过去分词是used。故填is used。 2. （2025·辽宁·大连·一模）Black tea has a strong taste and usually, it (drink) with milk in the West. 【答案】is drunk 【详解】句意：红茶味道浓郁，在西方，它通常和牛奶一起饮用。 主语“it”（指红茶）和“drink”之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，结合上下文可知，此处是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数。故填is drunk。 3. （24-25辽宁·营口·月考）Africa has a long history and a rich culture, and this (show) in a traditional dress. 【答案】is shown 【详解】句意：非洲有长久的历史和丰富的文化，这体现在传统服装中。根据“Africa has a long history and a rich culture, and this … in a traditional dress.”可知，此处的主语“this”指代前文，需用被动语态，且be动词用单数。故填is shown。 4. （24-25辽宁·沈阳·期中）It (use) for farming in the future. 【答案】will be used 【详解】句意：它将来会用于农业。根据“in the future”可知，句子是一般将来时，主语和动词之间是被动关系，因此应用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be + 过去分词”。故填will be used。 5. （24-25辽宁·沈阳·开学考试）When water bottles and other big plastic things (leave) outside, they break down slowly into microplastics. 【答案】are left 【详解】句意：当水瓶和其他大型塑料制品被留在外面时，它们会慢慢分解成微塑料。根据“water bottles and other big plastic”可知，此处主语“水瓶和其他大型塑料制品”和所给动词“遗留”之间是被动关系，需要被动语态，主语是复数，结合上文可知本文用一般现在时。故填are left。 （2025·辽宁·本溪·模拟预测） How many backpacks have you owned since you went to school? Backpacks have become common and popular 6 students in the past 30 years. If your backpacks become old, will you just treat them as rubbish and throw them away? Five years ago, a research 7 (show) that 85% of the old backpacks ended up in rubbish. But as we know, most backpacks 8 (produce) from different materials. If we throw them away, they will be harmful to our environment. 9 some of the old backpacks are no longer of their right color or size, there are still many things you can do with them. Here are some 10 (use) ways for you. For example, do you find it difficult to find 11 (tool) in the house? You can solve this problem by making use of your old backpacks to store all kinds of tools. Also, it is such 12 wonderful idea that you can put your old backpacks online for sale. Besides, offering your backpacks to other poor kids is another good 13 (choose), as those old backpacks may make their life 14 (convenient) than before. All in all, old backpacks are still 15 (value) as long as we put them into use wisely. Remember: rubbish can be turned into treasures! 【答案】 6．among 7．showed 8．are produced 9．Although/Though 10．useful 11．tools 12．a 13．choice 14．more convenient 15．valuable 【详解】本文主要提供了几条合理利用旧书包的建议。 6．句意：在过去的30年里，背包在学生中变得普遍和流行。根据“become common and popular …  students”可知，是在学生中变得普遍和流行。among“在……之中”，用于三者或三者以上。故填among。 7．句意：五年前，一项研究表明85%的旧背包最终成为垃圾。show“显示，表明”，动词；根据“Five years ago”可知，是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填showed。 8．句意：但正如我们所知，大多数背包是由不同的材料制成的。produce“生产，制造”，动词；根据“most backpacks … from different materials”可知，背包是被人制作的，用一般现在时的被动语态“is/am/are+done”，主语为“most backpacks”，be动词用are。故填are produced。 9．句意：虽然一些旧背包的颜色和尺寸已经不合适了，但你仍然可以用它们做很多事情。此处用although/though引导让步状语从句。故填Although/Though。 10．句意：以下是一些有用的方法。use“使用”，动词，修饰后面的名词ways，应用其形容词形式useful“有用的”。故填useful。 11．句意：你觉得在家里很难找到你的工具吗？tool“工具”，此处表示泛指，用名词复数形式。故填tools。 12．句意：此外，你可以把旧背包放在网上出售，这真是个好主意。such+名词+that …“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。空处修饰其后的单数名词idea，应用不定冠词，wonderful是辅音音素开头的单词，应用a修饰。故填a。 13．句意：此外，将背包送给其他贫困儿童是另一个不错的选择，因为这些旧背包可能会让他们的生活比以前更方便。choose“选择”，动词，前面有形容词good修饰，此处用其名词形式。故填choice。 14．句意：此外，将背包送给其他贫困儿童是另一个不错的选择，因为这些旧背包可能会让他们的生活比以前更方便。convenient“方便的”，形容词，根据“than”可知，此处用其比较级形式。故填more convenient。 15．句意：总之，只要我们明智地使用旧背包，它们仍然很有价值。value“价值”，名词，此处用其形容词形式valuable“有价值的”，作表语。故填valuable。 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $