8A Unit 8 Safe and sound 教材核心知识串讲（期末复习讲义）-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

8A Unit 8 Safe and sound教材核心知识串讲 （期末复习讲义） 重点单词（根据汉意及词性写单词） 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.__________ n. 紧急情况 2.__________ n. 情况 3.__________ n. 闪电 4._________ adj. 无家可归的 5._________n. 事故 6._________ adj. 可怕的 7._________ n. 交通 8.__________ n. 雷声 9.__________ n. 方向 10.__________ adj. 焦虑的；胆怯的 11._________ vi. & vt. (使)平静，(使)镇静 12.________ n. 嗓音，说话声，唱歌声 13.________ n. 烟 14.________ vt. & vi. 猜测，估计 15.________ vt. 清除，清理 16.________ n. & vi. 疼痛 17._________ n. 机场 18.__________n. 护照 19.___________prep. 包括……在内 20.________ n. 标牌，指示牌 21.__________ vt. 避免，防止 22._________ n. 伤，伤口 23.________ vt. & vi. 按，压 24._________ vt. & vi. 警告，告诫 重点词汇词性转换 1.fireman n. 消防员 → firemen (复数) 易错辨析： ① 复数变化：避免误写为“firemans”，牢记“man 结尾复合名词变 men”规则，不可直接加 s； ② 性别区分：fireman 特指男性，日常表达中 firefighter 更通用，可涵盖男女消防员，避免性别局限。 例句： A brave fireman saved the child from the burning building. Two firemen arrived at the scene quickly to put out the fire. 一名勇敢的消防员从燃烧的大楼里救出了孩子。两名消防员迅速抵达现场灭火。 练一练： Several ______ rushed to the fire and worked with the local ______ to rescue people. A. fireman; firemen B. firemen; firefighter C. firemen; firefighters D. fireman; firefighter 答案： C 2.shake n., vi. & vt. 摇动 → shook (过去式) → shaken (过去分词) 易错辨析： ① 词形记忆：避免误写为“shaked”，牢记不规则变化形式； ② 固定搭配：shake hands with sb.（与某人握手）、shake with fear（因恐惧而颤抖）、be shaken by sth.（被某事震惊），不同搭配对应不同语境。 例句： She shook her head to show disagreement. 她摇摇头表示不同意。 The earthquake shook the whole city yesterday. 昨天的地震摇晃了整座城市。 He has shaken off the bad habit successfully.他成功改掉了这个坏习惯。 练一练： The little boy ______ with cold when he was lost, and his body was still ______ when we found him. A. shook; shaking B. shaken; shook C. shook; shaken D. shaking; shook 答案：A 3.fear n. 恐惧，害怕 → fearful adj. 担心；担忧；可怕的 易错辨析： ① 词性区分：fear 可作名词或动词（如 fear death 害怕死亡），fearful 仅作形容词，后常接 of（be fearful of sth. 害怕某物）； ② 含义区分：fearful 表“可怕的”时侧重“令人恐惧的”，表“担忧的”时侧重“内心的不安”，需结合语境判断。 例句： She has a fear of heights. 她有恐高症。 He is fearful of making mistakes in the exam. 他担心考试出错。 The storm brought a fearful disaster to the village.这场暴风雨给村庄带来了可怕的灾难。 练一练： His ______ of darkness made him ______ to go out alone at night. A. fear; fearful B. fearful; fear C. fear; fear D. fearful; fearful 答案：A 4.silent adj. 安静的 → silence n. 寂静；无声 易错辨析： ① 词性区分：silent 修饰名词（silent classroom 安静的教室），silence 作名词不可直接修饰名词（如“寂静的夜晚”不可说 silence night，需说 silent night）； ② 固定搭配：keep silent（保持沉默）、in silence（沉默地），二者可互换语境（如 He kept silent. = He stayed in silence.）。 例句： The students kept silent during the meeting. 学生们在会议期间保持沉默。 The whole room was in silence when the teacher entered.老师进来时，整个房间一片寂静。 练一练： Please keep ______ in the library, and don't break the ______ here. A. silent; silence B. silence; silent C. silent; silent D. silence; silence 答案：A 5.burn vi. 着火 vt. & vi. (使)烧毁，烧伤 → burnt/burned (过去式) → burnt/burned (过去分词) 易错辨析： ① 词形用法：burnt 和 burned 作过去式/过去分词无区别，作形容词时仅用 burnt（不可说 burned food）； ② 固定搭配：burn down（烧毁，多指建筑物）、burn oneself（烧伤自己）、be burned/burnt out（筋疲力尽）。 例句： The house burned/burnt down in the fire last night. 这栋房子昨晚在火灾中烧毁了。 He has burned/burnt his hand while cooking. 他做饭时烧伤了手。 The burnt bread tastes terrible.烧焦的面包很难吃。 练一练： The candle ______ out after an hour, and it has ______ for the whole night. A. burnt; burned B. burned; been burning C. burnt; burning D. burning; burnt 答案：B 6.policeman n. (男)警察 → policemen (复数) 易错辨析： ① 复数变化：避免误写为“policemans”，遵循“man 变 men”规则； ② 用法区分：policeman 为可数名词，police 为集合名词（不可数，如 the police 警方），不可说 a police，需说 a policeman/police officer。 例句： A policeman helped the old man cross the road. .一名男警察帮助老人过马路。 Two policemen are investigating the accident on the street两名男警察正在街上调查这起事故。 练一练： The ______ asked the driver to show his license, and other ______ were checking the surrounding area. A. policeman; policeman B. policemen; policeman C. policeman; policemen D. policemen; policemen 答案：C 7.postman n. 邮递员 → postmen (复数) 易错辨析： ① 复数变化：避免误写为“postmans”，牢记复合名词“man 变 men”的复数规则； ② 词性搭配：postman 为可数名词，可与不定冠词 a 连用（a postman），复数形式直接用 postmen 作主语。 例句： The postman delivers letters to my home every morning. 邮递员每天早上给我家送信。 Three postmen are sorting mails in the post office.三名邮递员正在邮局分拣邮件。 练一练： My neighbor used to be a ______, and now he works with other ______ in the new post station. A. postman; postman B. postmen; postman C. postman; postmen D. postmen; postmen 答案：C 8.report vi. & vt. 报道；汇报 → reporter n. 记者；通讯员 易错辨析： ① 后缀区分：-er 表“人”，reporter 不可误写为“reportor”； ② 含义区分：reporter 特指“从事报道工作的人”，journalist 范围更广，可指编辑、记者等各类新闻从业者；③ 固定搭配：report sth. to sb.（向某人汇报/报道某事），a news reporter（新闻记者）。 例句： The journalist reported the event to the public. 这位新闻工作者向公众报道了这件事。 She works as a reporter for a local newspaper.她在一家地方报社当记者。 练一练： He ______ the accident immediately, and a ______ from the TV station came soon after. A. reported; reporter B. reporter; reported C. reported; report D. report; reporter 答案：A 9.bleed vi. 流血，失血 → bled (过去式) → bled (过去分词) 易错辨析： ① 词形记忆：避免误写为“bleeded”，牢记不规则变化形式，同时注意与名词 blood（血液）区分拼写； ② 固定搭配：bleed to death（流血致死）、bleed for sb./sth.（为某人/某事悲痛）、stop bleeding（止血）。 例句： His nose bled heavily after the fight. 打架后他的鼻子流了很多血。 He has bled a lot and needs immediate treatment. 他流了大量的血，需要立即治疗。 The doctor helped stop the bleeding.医生帮忙止住了血。 练一练： The wounded soldier ______ badly on the way to the hospital, and his arm was still ______ when he arrived. A. bled; bleeding B. bled; bled C. bleeding; bled D. bleeding; bleeding 答案：A 重点短语 1.safe and sound 安然无恙 2.natural disasters 自然灾害 3.come off ... 与……分离(或分开) 4.wash away 冲走 5.put out 扑灭，熄灭 6.in fear 恐惧地，害怕地 7.in all directions 四处，到处 8.say to oneself 暗想；自言自语 9.a loud noise 嘈杂的噪声 10.run out of ... 从……跑出来 11.come down 坍塌 12.calm down (使)平静 13.shout for help 呼救 14.save energy 节省精力 15.find my way out 找到我的出路 16.move away 移开 17.fall down in front of me 在我面前倒下 18.jump up and down 跳上跳下 19.see some people running 看到一些人在跑 20.so far 迄今为止 21.build a snowman 堆雪人 22.on a cold day 在寒冷的一天 23.stay safe 保持安全 24.right away 立即，马上 25.on fire 着火 26.get hit by something 被什么东西击中 27.be badly hurt 伤得很重 28.hear people shouting 听到人们在喊叫 重点句型 1.I couldn’t see anything at all, and I didn’t know if anyone else was around me. 我什么也看不见，也不知道周围还有没有其他人。 2.A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. 我的脑海中掠过一阵恐惧，但我告诉自己要镇定下来，因为我还活着。 3.Then I heard shouts from excited people. 然后我听到了人们激动的叫喊声。 4.Hot temperatures, no rain and high winds are increasing the size and power of the bush fires. 高温、无雨和大风正在加剧山林大火的规模和威力。 5.We heard people shouting. They were telling us to run away from the beach. 我们听到有人在喊叫。他们叫我们逃离海滩。 6.We ran up the hill as fast as possible. 我们尽可能快地跑上山。 7.Luckily, no one was hurt or killed. 幸运的是，没有人受伤或死亡。 重点语法 过去进行时 一、构成 句 式 结 构 例 句 肯定句 主语+was/were+v.-ing+其他. She was cleaning the windows at that time.她那时正在擦窗户。 否定句 主语+wasn't/weren't+ v.-ing +其他. They weren't having an English class yesterday morning.昨天上午他们没有上英语课。 一般疑问句 及其回答 Was/Were+主语+ v.-ing +其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+was/were. 否定回答:No, 主语+wasn't/weren't. —Were you drawing all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都在画画吗? —Yes, I was./No, I wasn't.是的,我一直在画。/不是,我没有一直在画。 特殊疑问句 疑问词+was/were+主语+ v.-ing+其他? What were you doing at 9 a.m. the day before yesterday?前天上午九点你在做什么? 二．用法 (1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,时间状语有at that moment、 at that/this time yesterday、 at nine o'clock last night等。 We were having dinner then.那时我们正在吃晚饭。 What were you doing at this time last night? 昨天晚上这个时候你正在做什么? (2)表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作,常与those days、 the whole morning、 all day yesterday、 "from+时间点+to+时间点+last night"等时间状语连用。有时需要根据语境判断。 I was writing a novel on the computer from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点我一直在电脑上写小说。 We were writing our reports those days.那些天我们一直在写报告。 (3)表示过去某个时间将要做某事,只有come、 go、 leave、 arrive 等表示位移的动词有此用法。 He said he was coming in ten minutes.他说他十分钟后来。 注意：有些动词通常不用于进行时: (1)表示心理状态、情感的动词,如love、 hate、 like、 know等。 (2)部分连系动词,如seem、 appear等。 (3)感官动词,如see、 hear、 feel、 smell、 sound、 taste 等。 (4)短暂性动词,如decide、 stop等。 when、 while 和as的用法 连 词 用 法 例 句 when "当……时"。 ①从句既可表示在某一时间点发生的事,也可表示某一段时间发生的事。 ②主从句动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生。 ③从句谓语动词可以是瞬间性的,也可以是延续性的。 He was watching TV when I went to see him. 当我去看他时,他正在看电视。 When the weather is fine, many people go out for a walk. 天气好时,很多人都出去散步。 while "当……时,在……期间"。 ①主句动作发生在从句动作进行的过程中或主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生。 ②从句谓语动词应用延续性动词。 While I was cooking, the telephone rang. 我正在做饭时,电话响了。 While I was doing my homework, my brother was drawing. 当我正在做家庭作业时,我弟弟在画画。 as "当……时;随着……;一边……,一边……"。 ①表示主句和从句动作同时发生。 ②强调两个动作相伴发生。 ③从句谓语动词可以是瞬间性的,也可以是延续性的。 As we were going out, it began to rain. 当我们出门时,开始下雨了。 As years go by, China is getting richer and stronger. 随着时间一年年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。 The little girls sang as they played. 小姑娘们一边玩,一边唱。 注意：(1) while还可作"而,然而",表对比。 I like playing football while my brother likes playing basketball. 我喜欢踢足球,而我的哥哥喜欢打篮球。 (2)在含有when/while引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,当主句和从句的主语一致,并且从句谓语含有be动词时,可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。 When/While (she is) in trouble, she always asks me for help.她遇到困难时总是向我求助。 通用表达&范文背诵 本单元话题为“自然灾害”，我们可以描述一个自己经历过或听说过的自然灾害。首先，选择一个话题，表明灾害发生的时间地点和时间，其次，进行详细描述。结构条理清晰，上下文意思连贯，句子之间通顺一致，表达符合语法，简洁切入正题，突出主旨意思，收尾呼应。 经典题型 地震是一种自然灾害，学会在不同的地方用不同的方法自救非常重要。请结合下面的表格，写一篇90词左右的短文，介绍自救常识。 家 教 室 户 外 车 内 ★躲在床或桌子下 ★用手臂遮住头和脖子 ★躲在课桌下 ★…… ★逃到空地上 ★…… ★停在路边 ★不要停河边 你的建议 …… 参考范文 An earthquake is a natural disaster that happens when the ground suddenly shakes. It can cause serious damage, and many people may lose their homes or even their lives. That’s why it’s important to know how to stay safe during an earthquake. Here are some tips for different situations: If you are at home, hide under a strong table or bed. Use your arms to protect your head and neck. If you are in a classroom, get under your desk and hold on. After the shaking stops, walk quickly outside to an open area. If you are outside, move away from buildings, trees, and power lines. Go to a clear, open space. If you are in a car, stop the car on the side of the road. Do not stop near bridges, rivers, or tall objects. Remember: Stay calm, move quickly, and protect your head first. Knowing what to do can help keep you safe. Unit 8 Safe and sound 重点单词 24个四会单词 9组词形变化 重点短语 28组短语 重点句型 书面表达 7个句型 自然灾害 重点语法 when、 while 和as的用法 过去进行时 $