第二部分 20 专题十一 构词法-【练客中考】2026年贵州新中考英语精讲册PPT（人教版）

该初中英语中考复习课件系统梳理了构词法核心考点，严格对接中考说明，重点分析派生法（3年6考，每年2道）、合成法、转化法等高频考查内容，归纳前缀（否定、程度等）、后缀（名词变形容词、动词变名词等）及词性转化等常考类型，体现备考针对性。 课件亮点在于“考点精讲+真题训练+语篇应用”模式，如通过2025年云南、甘肃等地真题改编题，示范否定前缀un-、名词变形容词后缀-ful的解题技巧，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。语篇填空“茶香里的跨洋缘”结合文化情境，帮助学生掌握构词规律，教师可依此制定高效复习计划，提升学生应试得分率。

《精讲册》 英语RJ 目录 01 核心考点 精讲练 第二部分 语法专题剖析 专题十一　构词法 02 综合训练 深研贵州统考方向 核心考点 精讲练 定义：在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫作派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。 派生法 [语言运用第二节：3年6考，每年2道] 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 1.前缀(一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性) (1)表示否定的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 un- 不；非 unable，unusual，unhappy dis- dislike，disappear，disagree，dishonest im- impolite，impatient，impossible il- illegal in- incorrect，inexpensive non- non-smoker，non-native mis- 错的 misunderstand 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 (2)表示程度或大小的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 super- 超级 superstar，supermarket mini- 小 minibus 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 (3)其他常见前缀 前缀 含义 示例 inter- 相互；交互在一起 interview，international， Internet re- 再；又；重复 review，retell，rebuild pre- 在……之前 preview，prepay trans- 转变；通过，越过 translate，transport tele- 远的 telephone，television kilo- 千 kilometer，kilogram en- 使……处于某种状态 enable，enrich， encourage a- 处于……状态 asleep，alive，awake mid- 在中间 midnight 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 2.后缀(后缀不仅能改变词义，也能改变词性) 类型 后缀 示例 名词→形容词 -y rain→rainy　luck→lucky health→healthy wealth→wealthy 名词→形容词 (去e加)-able value→valuable -ly love→lovely friend→friendly -ous danger→dangerous humor→humorous 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 类型 后缀 示例 名词→形容词 -ful use→useful care→careful help→helpful -less词义与加-ful时相反 use→useless care→careless -ern west→western south→southern -en gold→golden wood→wooden -al nation→national tradition→traditional -ish fool→foolish 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 类型 后缀 示例 名词→名词 -ist art→artist piano→pianist tour→tourist science→scientist -hood child→childhood neighbor→neighborhood -ship friend→friendship -ese China→Chinese Japan→Japanese -n，-an，-ian Australia→Australian Europe→European music→musician 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 类型 后缀 示例 动词→名词 -er，-or，-(r)ess teach→teacher win→winner 　 act→actor visit→visitor wait→waitress -ing paint→painting build→building cross→crossing -ment develop→development -(t)ion/-sion/ 去e加-ation invite→invitation decide→decision discuss→discussion 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 类型 后缀 示例 动词→形容词 (去e加)-able comfort→comfortable enjoy→enjoyable (去e加)-(t)ive act→active create→creative -(e)d surprise→surprised interest→interested (去e加)-ing interest→interesting excite→exciting 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 类型 后缀 示例 形容词→名词 -ty safe→safety -ness ill→illness sad→sadness kind→kindness happy→happiness (-le变)-(il)ity able→ability real→reality possible→possibility (去t加)-ce important→importance silent→silence different→difference (去e加)-th true→truth warm→warmth -(e)r foreign→foreigner strange→stranger 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 类型 后缀 示例 形容词→副词 -ly real→really final→finally free→freely 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，变y为i再加-ly happy→happily angry→angrily heavy→heavily 以“辅音字母＋le”结尾，去掉e再加-y simple→simply terrible→terribly comfortable→comfortably 以ll结尾，只加y full→fully 少数以e结尾， 要去掉e再加-ly true→truly 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 　　用两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成法。 合成法 类型 合成方式 示例 合成 动词 形容词＋动词 dry-clean 干洗 名词＋动词 sleepwalk梦游 sightsee观光 副词＋动词 overcome克服 合成 名词 名词＋名词 basketball篮球 bookshop书店 名词＋动词 haircut理发　　sunrise日出 形容词＋名词 greenhouse温室 blackboard黑板 介词＋名词 afternoon下午 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 类型 合成方式 示例 合成形容词 名词＋形容词 snow-white雪白的 名词/形容词 ＋名词＋-ed warm-hearted热心的 介词＋名词 underground地下的 形容词/副词＋ 动词过去分词 ready-made 现成的 newborn 新生的 形容词/副词＋ 动词-ing形式 good-looking 漂亮的 hard-working工作努力的 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 类型 合成方式 示例 合成形容词 名词＋动词过 去分词 man-made人造的 heart-broken心碎的 数词＋名词 second-hand二手的 数词＋名词 ＋形容词 10-metre-long 10米长的 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 类型 合成方式 示例 合成 副词 副词＋名词 upstairs在楼上 合成 介词 介词＋名词 outside在……外面 介词＋副词 without没有 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 　　把一个单词从一种词性转化为另一种词性而词形不变的构词法叫作转化法。 转化法 类型 示例 名词→动词 book n. 书→ v. 预订 age n. 年龄→ v. 变老 color n. 颜色→ v. 给……染色 show n. 展览；展示→ v. 表演；展出 water n. 水→ v. 浇水 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 类型 示例 动词→名词 stop v. 停止→ n. 车站 walk v. 走；散步→ n. 散步 look v. 看→ n. 相貌 形容词→名词 back adj. 后面的→ n. 背部；后面 light adj. 明亮的→ n. 灯 final adj. 最后的→ n. 决赛 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 类型 示例 形容词→动词 empty adj. 空的→ v. 使变空 slow adj. 慢的→ v. 放慢 clean adj. 干净的→ v. 打扫 dry adj. 干的→ v. 使……变干 形容词→副词 long adj. 长的→ adv. 长期地 high adj. 高的→ adv. 高地 [详见《教材词句记背》P68第三部分 中考高频词形变化] 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 Ⅰ.语言运用第二节基础练 1.[2025云南]Our school trip was very _______________(wonder). We all had fun. 2.[2025云南]Teenagers are supposed to spend their money _______(wise). 3.[2025黑龙江]The key to _______________(happy) is to see all the beauty of the world. 综合训练 Ⅱ Ⅰ wonderful wisely happiness 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 4.[2025甘肃]Our neighbours are very______________(friend) to each other. 5.[2025甘肃兰州]His cousin keeps on painting in order to become an ____________(art). 6.[2025甘肃兰州]Please check your paper_______________(careful) after finishing it. 7.[2025黑龙江改编]I love soft drinks with a lot of sugar. They taste good but _______________(healthy). Ⅱ Ⅰ friendly artist carefully unhealthy 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 8.My uncle is a bus __________(drive) and he always puts every passenger’s safety first. 9.It’s very dangerous for us to leave our ____________(person) information on the Internet. 10.I don’t think paper books will disappear in the future with the _________________ (develop) of e-products. 11.I’m looking forward to visiting more _____________(nature) wonders of our country. Ⅱ Ⅰ driver personal development natural 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 12.How surprising it is！ Some plants are still ___________(live) in such cold weather. 13.We have learned the ________________(important) of protecting the environment from the school trip. 14.Mr Li is an excellent teacher. He has the _____________(able) to bring out the best in us students. Ⅱ Ⅰ alive importance ability 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 Ⅱ.语言运用第二节语篇练 茶香里的跨洋缘 [2025苏州改编]On Pingjiang Road in Suzhou，65-year-old Ms Wu runs a 1._________________(tradition) tea house for 30 years. She never expected herself to become a tea master who helped build a cultural bridge. Ⅱ Ⅰ traditional 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 It started in 2015 when a German tourist named Klaus walked into her shop. With the help of a phone app，Ms Wu 2._______________(patient) showed him the way to properly brew(沏) Biluochun，Suzhou’s famous green tea. Klaus returned every day that week and 3._____________(bring) more friends each time. Ⅱ Ⅰ patiently brought 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 Seeing how 4.________________(interest) they were in Chinese tea，Ms Wu started a weekly activity called “Tea Culture Saturdays”. She showed foreigners how 5._____________(brew) tea with traditional methods—from choosing the water temperature to following tea-making rules. Her daughter Lily，a college student，helped translate. Ⅱ Ⅰ interested to brew 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 Soon，her tea house 6.________________(fill) with visitors，including students and business people from many places. “I used to think foreigners 7._______________(would) understand our tea culture，but they love it deeply. Some of them even treat 8.___________(they) friends with Chinese tea at home，” Ms Wu said. Ⅱ Ⅰ was filled wouldn’t their 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 One of her favorite 9._____________(moment) was when Sarah，a Canadian，gave her a notebook which is full of tea notes written in both English and 10.______________(China). “This is why I keep teaching，” Ms Wu said，showing the treasured notebook. Now，her tea house is more and more popular. For tourists，every cup of tea served is a window on the tea culture of this ancient city. Ⅱ Ⅰ moments Chinese 深研贵州统考方向 返回目录 温馨提示 本课件由陕西炼书客图书策划有限公司出品，仅限教学使用。 本课件所有权和著作权归本公司所有， 任何人不得以非法形式进行销售或传播，违者必究！ $