Unit4 A good read知识点讲义 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

本讲义聚焦译林版8下Unit4 "A good read"核心知识点，系统梳理阅读相关词汇（如reading, part, type）、短语（a good way to do sth, open one's mind）及语法（疑问词+不定式、must与have to用法），结合《格列佛游记》选段解析，构建从词汇辨析到语用应用的学习支架。 资料通过语境化例句对比（如part of与a part of用法）、典型例题（by doing sth语法题）及思维导图辅助，提升学生语言理解与表达能力，培养分析比较的思维品质。课中助力教师高效授课，课后练习帮助学生巩固知识，查漏补缺，提升自主学习能力。

2026春新译林8下Unit4 A good read知识点解析（含练习） Introduction&welcome 1. Reading is a good way to open our minds.读书是开阔我们思想的好方法。 解析： · reading 常见搭配： do some reading 读点书 extensive reading 泛读 reading comprehension 阅读理解 · a good way to do sth 含义：做某事的好方法 结构解析：way 后常接不定式（to do）或 of doing 作后置定语 同义替换：a good method of doing sth · open one's mind(s) 含义：开阔某人的眼界；拓宽思维；解放思想 词性：动词短语 常见搭配： open one's mind to sth 愿意接受某事；对某事敞开心扉 · mind短语汇总 mind (sb/one's) doing sth介意某人做某事 don't mind不介意；无所谓 never mind没关系；别在意；不用费心 change one's mind改变主意 make up one's mind (to do sth)下定决心（做某事） keep/bear sth in mind牢记某事；记住 cross one's mind（想法）突然浮现；掠过脑海 on one's mind挂在心上；惦记着 2. read part of Gulliver's Travels;读《格列佛游记》的某一部分； 解析： · part 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. / 副词 adv. 此处词性：名词 n. 核心含义：部分；片段 常见搭配： part of …… 的一部分（后接可数名词单数 / 复数或不可数名词均可） a part of （强调 “其中一份”，多用于可数名词） take part in 参加（活动） 用法区别： part of 泛指 “一部分”，可用于单数 / 复数 / 不可数名词前，使用更广泛 例：Part of the students were absent yesterday. a part of 强调 “整体中的一份”，多用于可数名词单数前，语气更正式 例：A part of the plan needs to be revised. 3. learn more about different types of books;深入了解各类书籍的特性； 解析： · learn vt. 学习；学会；了解（后接名词、不定式或从句作宾语） vi. 学习；获悉（常与 from 连用） 高频搭配： learn about sth 了解某事 learn from sb/sth 向某人 / 某事学习 learn to do sth 学会做某事 learn sth by heart 牢记某事 · type n. 种类；类型（与 kind 近义） 常见搭配： different types of = different kinds of 不同种类的…… a type of 一种…… type vs kind 区别： 单词 侧重点 例句 type 侧重客观分类、有明确特征的类型 This is a new type of smartphone. kind 侧重泛指类别，日常使用更口语化 What kind of music do you like? 4. describe our reading preferences;描述我们的阅读偏好 解析： · describe 描述；形容；描绘 高频搭配： describe sth to sb 向某人描述某事 describe sth as + adj. 把某物描述为…… describe doing sth 描述做某事的经历 preference 词性：可数名词 n.（单数形式：preference；复数：preferences） 核心含义：偏爱；偏好；喜爱的事物 高频搭配： preference for sth 对某物的偏好 have a preference for 偏爱…… personal preferences 个人偏好 例句：My preference for reading lies in science fiction novels. 5. enrich our lives by reading different types of books.通过阅读不同类型的书籍来丰富我们的生活。 解析： · enrich 核心含义：使丰富；使充实；使富裕 高频搭配： enrich one’s life/mind/experience 丰富某人的生活 / 思维 / 阅历 enrich sth with sth 用某物充实 / 丰富某物 例句：Art and music can enrich our daily life. 派生词：enrichment（名词，意为 “丰富；充实”），例：intellectual enrichment 精神富足 · by doing sth 用法：介词 by 后接动名词，表方式、手段或途径，意为 “通过做某事” 同义结构：through doing sth（语气更正式） 典型例题： 1. The little girl made a beautiful card ________ colored pencils and gave it to her mother ________ hand. A. with; by B. in; by C. by; with D. in; with 2. —How did you send the important document to the client so quickly? —________ email. It's usually the most efficient way ________ this modern age. A. By; in B. By; with C. With; in D. In; by 3. The artist painted the masterpiece not ________ a brush, but ________ a special knife, creating a unique texture. A. with; with B. by; by C. with; by D. by; with 4. Please fill out the application form ________ black or blue ink, and sign your name ________ the end. A. in; at B. with; at C. in; by D. with; by 5. ________ working hard every day, she improved her English skills. She practiced ________ listening to English songs every morning. A. By; by B. With; with C. By; with D. With; by 6. "Reading ten thousand books is like travelling ten thousand miles."Let's explore different kinds of books and discuss our favourite ones.“读万卷书，游万里路。”让我们一起探索各种类型的书籍，并聊聊各自最爱的书吧。 解析： · explore 探索；探究；考察 高频搭配： explore a place 探索某地 explore a topic 探究一个话题 explore different possibilities 探索不同可能性 · is like · 用法：表 “比喻”，后接名词、动名词或从句，意为 “如同；好像” · 拓展：be like 与 look like 区别 短语 含义 例句 be like （本质、性质）像 Life is like a journey. look like （外貌、外形）像 She looks like her mother. · 7. The Class 1,Grade 8 students are learning about different kinds of books.八年级一班的学生正在学习各类书籍。 解析： different kinds of books不同种类的书 8. Are you reading anything good at the moment,Daniel?丹尼尔，最近在读什么好书吗？ 解析： anything good一些好东西 at the moment=now 9. I'm reading a book about the Han Dynasty.I'm really interested in history.我正在读一本关于汉朝的书，对历史特别感兴趣。 解析： · the Han Dynasty定冠词 the 不可省略 首字母必须大写 同类表达：the Tang Dynasty（唐朝）、the Song Dynasty（宋朝） · be interested in对…… 感兴趣 +（doing） 拓展词汇： interesting（形容词，意为 “有趣的”，主语通常是物，例：This book is very interesting.） 例句：My brother is interested in playing basketball. · History In history 在历史上 with a long history 历史悠久 派生词：historical（形容词，历史的；与历史相关的）、historic（形容词，具有历史意义的） 10. Wow,that's cool.But I'm not a fan of history books.I like reading novels.哇，这太酷了。不过我一般不看历史书，更喜欢读小说。 解析： a fan of.......迷 11. So what are you reading now?那么你现在在读什么？ 解析： 正在进行时 12. I'm reading Childhood by Leo Tolstoy.我正在读列夫·托尔斯泰的《童年》。 解析： by 的用法（表作者 / 创作者） 词性：介词 prep. 此处含义：由…… 创作；被…… 所著 适用场景：后接作者、艺术家、创作者等，用于说明作品的来源 13. The writer explores the rich inner life of a boy in the first person.作者以第一人称视角，生动刻画了一个男孩丰富多彩的内心世界。 解析： · inner life 含义：内心生活；精神世界 拓展搭配： inner thoughts 内心想法 inner feelings 内心感受 inner peace 内心平静 例句：Reading can help us enrich our inner life. · in the first person 含义：以第一人称（写作 / 叙述手法） 相关表达： in the second person 以第二人称 in the third person 以第三人称 14. I haven't read that book.Is it worth reading?我还没读过那本书。它值得读吗？ 解析： be worth doing 核心含义：值得做某事 用法要点： ① worth 是形容词，不能单独作谓语，必须和 be 动词连用； ② 后接动名词的主动形式，表达被动含义（= be worthy of being done）； ③ 可在 worth 前加 well 加强语气，不能用 very。 例句： The movie is worth watching.（这部电影值得看。） The book is well worth reading.（这本书非常值得一读。） 15. Yes.You must check it out!是的，你必须检查一下！ 解析： check out去看看；去体验、核实；查证、（酒店）退房 Reading Gulliver in Lilliput 1. After our ship crashed against the rocks,I swam as far as I could.船撞上礁石后，我游了尽可能远的路。 解析： · after在…… 之后 After doing after短语汇总： after all毕竟；终究；别忘了 look after照顾；照料 run after追赶；追逐 take after（外貌、性格）像（父母等） name after以…… 命名 · crashed against the rocks · crash 碰撞、撞毁 常用搭配： crash against 撞上（硬物） crash into 撞上（移动或静止的物体） crash down 坍塌、坠落 · against用法汇总： 表示 “碰撞；撞击” 表示 “倚靠；紧靠”against the wall 表示 “反对；违背”go against 违背；违反 表示 “逆着；对抗”fight against 与…… 作斗争、swim against 逆流而游 表示 “以…… 为背景；衬托” 例句：The red flag stands out brightly against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的映衬下格外鲜艳。 the rocks 典型例题： The rain beat heavily ______ the window ______ a cold night. A. against; in B. against; on C. into; at We should guard ______ all kinds of risks ______ our daily lives. A. against; in B. with; on C. for; at The little girl leaned ______ her mother and looked ______ the colorful balloons. A. against; at B. into; for C. on; after Most citizens voted ______ the new rule, because it goes ______ people’s will. A. against; against B. for; with C. at; against The white tower looks very beautiful ______ the green hills ______ spring. A. against; in B. at; on C. for; at · Rock： rock 作 “礁石” 讲时，常用复数形式 rocks。 摇滚的，rock music · as far as I could 结构：as + 副词原级 + as + 主语 + 情态动词尽我所能地远；奋力（游） 同类拓展： as fast as I could 尽我所能地快 as hard as I could 尽我所能地努力 As...as结构拓展： As good as as good as几乎；差不多；和…… 一样好,简直 As far as 就…… 而言；直到…… 程度；和…… 一样远 As long as 只要；和…… 一样长 As soon as一…… 就…… 1.______ I know, this old building is ______ new after the repair. A. As far as; as good as B. As long as; as soon as C. As soon as; as far as 2.You can keep the book ______ you want, ______ you don’t damage it. A. as far as; as good as B. as long as; as long as C. as good as; as soon as 3.______ we get to the station, we need to check the train time ______ possible. A. As far as; as good as B. As soon as; as soon as C. As long as; as far as 4.______ the road goes, we can see green trees on both sides, and the trip is ______ a nice dream. A. As far as; as good as B. As long as; as soon as C. As soon as; as long as 2. By the time I finally felt the land under my feet,I was tired out.当我终于感受到脚下大地的重量时，早已疲惫不堪。 解析： · by the time 到…… 的时候 用法：引导时间状语从句，主句常用完成时态（过去完成时 / 现在完成时）；本句从句用一般过去时，主句用一般过去时表过去的状态。 例句：By the time he arrived, the party had already ended. 他到的时候，派对已经结束了。 · felt the land under my feet felt：动词 feel 的过去式，含义为 “感觉到” Feel的考点总结： Feel like doing 想要做某事 Feel it +adj.to do 觉得做某事怎样 Feel free to do 自由做某事 What do you feel about sth/sb?觉得某人、某事怎么样（评价） · was tired out be + tired out筋疲力尽；累垮了 3. I fell down on the beach and fell asleep.我在沙滩上摔倒后睡着了。 解析： · fall down 摔倒；跌倒 · fall down：强调 “摔倒” 的动作（主语通常是人或动物） · fall off：强调 “从…… 掉下来”（后接掉落的地点），例：She fell off the bike. · on the beach在海滩上 同类搭配：on the sand（在沙子上）、on the ground（在地上） · fall asleep入睡；睡着 用法：asleep 是形容词，不可用 sleep 替换；这是固定短语，无被动形式。 Asleep/sleep/sleepy/sleeping辨析： · sleep 1. 动词（v.）2. 名词（n.） 1. 睡；睡觉（动作）2. 睡眠（状态 / 时长） 作动词：I sleep for 8 hours every night. 作名词：We need enough sleep to stay healthy. · asleep 形容词（adj.）（表语形容词） 睡着的（强调状态） 1. 只能作表语，不能作定语 ✅ He is asleep now. ❌ an asleep boy 2. 常用搭配：fall asleep（入睡，强调动作） · sleepy 形容词（adj.） 困倦的；想睡的（强调感觉） 1. 可作表语 / 定语 ✅ I feel sleepy in class. ✅ a sleepy cat 2. 常用搭配：feel sleepy（感到困倦） · sleeping 1. 动词 - ing 形式 2. 形容词（adj.） 1. 正在睡觉（动作） 2. 供睡觉用的 作定语： a sleeping baby（一个正在睡觉的婴儿） 作表语（表进行）： The dog is sleeping on the floor. 陷阱：作定语时，sleeping = 正在睡觉的；而 asleep 不能作定语 4. I woke up as the sun was rising,but I found I could not move.我醒来时太阳正升起，却发现动弹不得。 解析： · wake up醒来；叫醒（名词放两边，代词放中间） 用法： 表 “自己醒来” 时，为不及物短语，不加宾语：I usually wake up at 7 a.m. 表 “叫醒某人” 时，为及物短语，加宾语：Please wake me up tomorrow morning. · as the sun was rising as：连词，此处意为 “当…… 的时候”，引导时间状语从句，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。 was rising：过去进行时，结构为 was/were + 动词 - ing，表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。 · rise 和raise rise主语多为无生命的事物或自然现象 （太阳、月亮、温度、水位等） 1. （自然物）升起、上升 2. （数量、价格）上涨 3. （人）起身、站起 raise 1. （人）举起、抬起（物品） 2. 筹集（资金）、养育（孩子） 3. 提出（问题） 典型例题： 1.The sun ______ in the east, and my father ______ the flag slowly. A. rose; raised B. raised; rose C. rises; rises 2.The price of vegetables ______ a lot last week, so we had to ______ some money to buy enough food. A. raised; rise B. rose; raise C. rises; raise 3.She ______ from her chair when her teacher ______ a difficult question. A. raised; rose B. rose; rose C. rose; raised 4.The water level ______ because of the heavy rain, and we need to ______ the bridge next year. A. rose; raise B. raised; rise C. rise; raised 5.When the national anthem started, everyone ______ to their feet and ______ their hands to salute. A. raised; rose B. rose; raised C. rises; raises 5. My arms,legs and hair were tied to the ground!我的手臂、腿和头发都被绑在地上！ 解析： tie sth. to + 地点（把某物绑在某处） 6. Then I felt something on my leg.随后我感到腿部有异物。 解析： 复合不定代词用法汇总： 1. 句式使用规则（最基础考点） some- 类：用于 肯定句、委婉请求 / 建议句（希望得到肯定回答） ✅ I saw someone in the classroom just now.（肯定句） ✅ Would you like something to drink?（请求句） any- 类：用于 否定句、疑问句、条件句 ✅ He didn’t say anything at the meeting.（否定句） ✅ Is there anyone at home?（疑问句） ✅ If you have anything to tell me, call me.（条件句） no- 类：本身表否定，用于肯定句，相当于 not + any- ✅ Nobody came to the party. = Not anybody came to the party. every- 类：可用于任何句式，表 “所有的人 / 事物” ✅ Everyone likes this interesting story. 2. 定语后置规则（高频陷阱考点） 修饰复合不定代词的形容词 / 不定式，必须放在代词后面，这是考试最常考的陷阱点。 ✅ There is something wrong with my bike.（形容词 wrong 后置） ❌ There is wrong something with my bike. ✅ I have something important to tell you.（形容词 important 后置） ✅ She wants to buy something to eat.（不定式 to eat 后置） 3. 主谓一致规则 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词一律用单数形式。 ✅ Everyone is here today.（谓语用 is） ✅ Something is missing from the box.（谓语用 is） ❌ Everyone are here today. 4. 指代与替换规则 指代 someone / anyone / everyone 等指代人的代词，用 they / them / their（口语中常用）或 he / him / his（正式书面语）。 ✅ Everyone has their own hobbies. 指代 something / anything / everything 等指代事物的代词，用 it。 ✅ Something is on the desk. It is a book. 5. 固定搭配与拓展 something like：有点像；大约 例：The building looks something like a ship. nothing but：只不过；仅仅 例：He did nothing but watch TV all day. anything but：根本不；绝不 例：This book is anything but boring. 三、 易混点辨析 no one vs none no one：只指人，后不接 of 短语 例：No one knows the answer. none：可指人或物，后可接 of 短语 例：None of the students passed the test. someone vs anyone someone：肯定句中表 “某个人” anyone：否定 / 疑问句中表 “任何人” 含复合不定代词的高频英语俗语 / 谚语 · Anything is possible.一切皆有可能 例：Don’t give up. Anything is possible if you try hard. · Everything happens for a reason.万事皆有因 Calm down. Everything happens for a reason. · Nothing ventured, nothing gained.不入虎穴，焉得虎子 You should take the chance—nothing ventured, nothing gained. · Everyone has their feet of clay.人无完人（再优秀的人也有缺点） Don’t admire him too much. Everyone has their feet of clay. · Something is better than nothing.聊胜于无 The gift is small, but something is better than nothing. · It’s not for everyone.因人而异 Rock music is exciting, but it’s not for everyone. Nothing succeeds like success.一事成，百事顺（成功会带来更多成功） 例：After winning the first game, the team kept winning—nothing succeeds like success. 典型例题： 1. There isn't ________ particular on the menu today; you can order ________ you like. A. something; anything B. anything; something C. anything; everything D. nothing; everything 2. — Is ________ here? We need to start the meeting. — Well, almost. But we can't begin with ________ missing. Let's wait five more minutes. A. anybody; somebody B. everybody; anybody C. somebody; everybody D. everybody; somebody 3. The secret was so well kept that ________ in the office knew ________ about the manager's decision before it was announced. A. nobody; something B. somebody; nothing C. anybody; everything D. nobody; anything 4. She felt very lonely in the new city because she found ________ to talk to and ________ seemed familiar to her. A. somebody; everything B. nobody; something C. anybody; nothing D. nobody; nothing 5. The project is not complicated at all. ________ with basic computer skills can finish it, and it doesn't require ________ special. A. Anybody; something B. Somebody; anything C. Anybody; anything D. Everybody; something 7. It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face.它向上移动，越过我的腹部和颈部，最终停在了我脸部附近。 解析： · move up向上移动；往上爬 · over my stomach and neck 介词 over 用法：此处表 “从…… 表面经过、覆盖”，强调动作的路径。 拓展辨析： over：侧重 “在物体表面上方或从表面经过” across：侧重 “从物体表面横穿” through：侧重 “从物体内部穿过” · until 直到…… 为止 用法：引导时间状语从句，主句动作持续到从句动作发生时停止；主从句时态通常保持一致（本句均为一般过去时）。 例句：He waited until the rain stopped. 他一直等到雨停。 8. I looked down and saw a very small man.He was just the same size as my little finger!我低头一看，看见一个非常小的人。他和我的小指头一样大！ 解析： · looked down低头看；向下看 用法：down 是副词，表方向；后接看的对象时需加介词 at，例：She looked down at her shoes. 拓展短语：look down on/upon 表 “看不起；轻视”，注意和 “向下看” 的区分，例：Don’t look down on others. · just the same size as the same + 名词 + as...（和…… 一样的……）和…… 尺寸一样大 用法： 此处 size 是名词，表 “尺寸、个头”； 同类拓展：the same color as（和…… 颜色一样）、the same style as（和…… 款式一样）； 同义表达：as big as（侧重大小），但 the same size as 更强调 “尺寸一致”。 · my little fingerthumb 大拇指 index finger 食指 middle finger 中指 ring finger 无名指 9. Where was I?Who was this tiny person?我刚才在哪儿？这个小家伙是谁？ 解析： 10. Soon more small men started climbing all over me.很快，更多矮个子开始在我身上攀爬。 解析： all over me在我身上全身 11. There were around 40 of them.约有40人。 解析： 12. I shouted at them—the loud noise made them all fall over.我朝他们大喊一声，那震耳欲聋的声响吓得他们全都摔倒在地。 解析： · shouted at them 原形：shout at sb.朝某人大喊大叫（多指因生气、警告而大声呼喊） 用法辨析： shout at sb.：带有不满、责备的情绪，例：The teacher shouted at the noisy students. shout to sb.：指为了让对方听见而呼喊，无负面情绪，例：He shouted to his friend across the street. · the loud noise巨响；大的噪音 词汇拓展： noise：指杂乱、刺耳的声音（可数 / 不可数），例：a loud noise sound：泛指一切声音（可数 / 不可数），例：the sound of music voice：指人的嗓音（可数 / 不可数），例：a beautiful voice · made them all fall over make sb. do sth.（使某人做某事） 这是使役动词 make 的高频考点，后面接不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。 被动语态中需还原 to，例：They were made to fall over by the loud noise. · them all：all 作同位语，强调 “他们所有人”，位置在宾语 them 之后。 fall over：动词短语，意为 “摔倒；绊倒”，例：The little girl fell over on the road. 13. However,they soon got up again and continued moving across my body.然而，它们很快再次起身，继续在我的身体上移动。 解析： · continued moving 核心结构：continue doing sth.（继续做同一件事） 拓展结构：continue to do sth.（继续做另一件事） 用法对比： He continued reading the book after lunch.（午饭之后继续读同一本书） He continued to read another book after finishing this one.（读完这本后继续读另一本） · across my body 介词 across 用法：强调从物体表面横穿，有 “从一边到另一边” 的含义。 14. One of these small men began talking to me,but I could not understand him.其中一位矮个子男人开始和我交谈，但我听不懂他在说什么。 解析： · began talking to me 核心结构：begin doing sth.（开始做某事） 用法拓展：begin 后也可接不定式 to do，含义和 doing 基本一致；但在 begin 本身为进行时态时，只能接 to do，例：It’s beginning to rain. 短语搭配：talk to sb.（和某人说话），也可用 talk with sb.，两者含义相近。 15. I did not know what to say either.我也不知道该说什么。 解析： what to say 结构：疑问词 what + 不定式 to say → 不定式短语，在句中作 know 的宾语 用法：这种 “疑问词 + 不定式” 的结构，相当于一个宾语从句，本句可改写为：I did not know what I should say. 拓展：常见的疑问词都可以这样用，例：what to do（该做什么）、how to get there（怎么去那儿）、where to go（去哪儿）。 16. I tried to pull one hand out of the rope and finally managed to break free.我试图从绳索中抽出一只手，最终成功挣脱。 解析： tried to pull 核心结构：try to do sth.努力 / 试图做某事（强调尝试的动作，不一定成功） 拓展辨析（高频考点）： try to do sth.：努力做某事，例：He tried to climb the tree, but he failed. try doing sth.：尝试做某事（侧重 “试一种方法”），例：Try drinking some hot water, and you’ll feel better. pull...out of...：固定短语，意为 “把…… 从…… 拉 / 抽出来” pull的高频短语： pull up停车；使停下；（车辆）停下 pull out（车辆）驶出；离开；撤离 pull off成功完成（困难的事）；顺利做成 pull together齐心协力；团结起来 pull through（大病或困境中）康复；渡过难关 · the rope 搭配拓展：a piece of rope（一根绳子）、tie...with a rope（用绳子捆……） · break free：固定短语，意为 “挣脱；获得自由” 17. When I lifted my left hand into the air,the small men began to shout.我一抬左手，那些小个子男人就齐声喊了起来。 解析： · When I lifted my left hand into the air lift...into the air：固定搭配，意为 “把…… 举到空中”，例：The boy lifted the box into the air with great effort. 18. I looked down and saw a huge army of tiny people.我低头一看，只见一大群小人儿。 解析： a huge army of tiny people 核心结构：a (n) + 形容词 + army of + 名词复数 含义：一大群……；一支…… 的大军，army 在这里是集合名词，表 “大批；大群”，而非特指 “军队”。 用法拓展： a huge army of ants（一大群蚂蚁） a small army of volunteers（一小队志愿者） 词汇解析： huge：形容词，意为 “庞大的；巨大的”，强调规模大。 tiny：形容词，意为 “极小的；微小的”，和 huge 形成对比，突出 “军队人数多但个体小” 的特点。 19. They were coming straight towards me.“I must run away from them,”I thought ，but I don’t know how to get away.他们径直朝我走来。“我得赶紧跑开，”我心里想着，可不知该往哪儿逃。 解析： · were coming straight towards me 同义短语：come straight at sb.（径直冲向某人），towards 和 at 都表方向，但 at 更强调 “对准目标”。 · must run away from them must：情态动词，表 “必须；得”，后接动词原形 run，用于表达主观上的决心。 run away from：固定短语，意为 “从…… 逃走；逃离” · how to get away 疑问词 how + 不定式 to do 结构，在句中作 know 的宾语，相当于宾语从句 how I could get away。 get away：固定短语，意为 “脱身；离开；逃走”，不及物动词短语 1. I was really afraid."I must get away!"I told myself.我非常害怕。“我必须离开！”我告诉自己。 解析： afraid： be afraid of sth.（害怕某物）、be afraid to do sth.（不敢做某事） get away：意为 “逃离、脱身”，同义替换：escape / run away 2. I stood up and ran along the beach towards a forest as fast as I could.我立刻起身，沿着海滩飞奔向森林，速度快得惊人。 解析： as fast as I could 意为 “尽我所能地快” 拓展结构：as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 主语 + can/could（表示 “尽可能……”）=as ...as possible along the beach 表示奔跑的路径，along 是介词，意为 “沿着”。 towards a forest 表示奔跑的方向，towards 是介词，意为 “朝着、向…… 方向” 3. A huge army of tiny men followed me.一大群小个子男人尾随在我身后。 解析： · a huge army of...一大群……；一支庞大的…… 队伍 用法：army 用于表示 “同类人或物的群体”，是量词短语，类似表达还有 a crowd of...（一群……）、a group of...（一组……），但 army 更强调 “规模大、有一定秩序的群体”。 拓展例句： A huge army of ants moved to the new nest. 一大群蚂蚁搬到了新巢穴。 · follow 常见搭配： follow sb. to sp. 跟着某人去某地 follow one's advice 听从某人的建议 4. They were shouting and continue to throw tiny sticks at me.他们一边大喊大叫，一边不停地朝我扔小棍子。 解析： continue to do sth.继续做某事（后接的动作可与前文动作同类或不同类） throw sth. at sb.朝着某人扔某物 5. They seemed to say something but I couldn't understand.他们似乎在说些什么，但我听不懂。 解析： seem 是半系动词，常见用法为 seem to do sth.（似乎 / 好像做某事），后接不定式作宾语 It seemed that + 从句 例句：They seemed to say something. = It seemed that they said something. 拓展搭配： seem + 形容词：She seemed angry.（她似乎很生气。） seem like + 名词：It seems like a good idea.（这好像是个好主意。） 6. “I don't want them to tie me up again!”I thought.I am tired out ,but I tried my best to keep running.“我不想再被他们绑住了！”我心想。我已筋疲力尽，但还是尽力继续奔跑。 解析： want sb. to do sth.（想要某人做某事），否定形式为 don't want sb. to do sth. try one's best to do sth.（尽某人最大努力做某事）； keep running 是 keep doing 结构，表 “持续做某事”。 tie sb. up把某人捆起来；束缚某人 tired out筋疲力尽的 7. By the time I reached the forest,I thought I was safe,but to my surprise,I saw a crowd of tiny men in front of me!当我抵达森林时，本以为已经安全，却意外发现前方竟有一群小人！ 解析: by the time，意为 “到…… 的时候”，用来引导时间状语从句，从句常用一般过去时，主句根据语境搭配相应的过去时态。 reach sp.及物动词，直接接地点 a crowd of侧重无序的群体 8. “Where should I go?"I was wondering what to do next while running as fast as I could. “我该去哪儿？”我一边尽可能快地奔跑，一边琢磨着接下来该怎么办。 解析： · was wondering 宾语：what to do next 是 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构，作 wondering 的宾语，相当于宾语从句 what I should do next，表达更简洁。 while running as fast as I could 结构：while + 现在分词，是 while I was running as fast as I could 的省略形式，当主句和从句主语一致，且从句含 be 动词时，可省略从句的主语和 be 动词。 9. Suddenly,I crashed into a big tree.突然，我撞上了一棵大树。 解析： crash into猛撞、撞上（强调动作的猛烈和失控） 10. I fell over and couldn't stand up right away.我摔倒后无法立即站立。 解析： right away 立刻、马上 11. All the tiny men quickly moved onto my stomach managed to tie me up again.This time I was too tired to break free 。那些小个子人迅速爬上我的肚子，再次将我捆住。这次我太累了，根本挣脱不了。 解析： move onto 表 “移动到…… 上面” too + 形容词 + to do sth.（太…… 而不能做某事） manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 Grammar A Question words +to-infinitives 1. Millie has decided what to read.米莉决定读什么 解析： Decide to do=make a decision to do=make up one’s mind to do 2. Daniel did not say who to talk to about this book. 丹尼尔没有透露关于这本书该找谁商量。 解析： who to talk to about this book 核心结构：疑问词 + 不定式（who to talk to），作 say 的宾语，相当于宾语从句 who he should talk to。 介词搭配：talk to sb. about sth. 是固定短语，意为 “和某人谈论某事”，因此 who 后必须接介词 to，不能省略。 状语补充：about this book 明确谈论的对象，修饰 talk to。 3. Simon forgot when to return his library books.西蒙忘了归还图书馆的书。 解析： · forget to do sth.（忘记要去做某事，动作未发生） forget doing sth.（忘记做过某事，动作已发生） · 宾语：when to return his library books 核心结构：疑问词 + 不定式（when to return），作 forgot 的宾语，相当于宾语从句 when he should return his library books，表达更简洁。 修饰成分：his library books 是 return 的宾语，明确 “归还的对象”。 4. Kitty cannot decide which to choose first.基蒂拿不定主意，不知道该先选哪个。 解析： Choose A from B choose to do sth.决定做某事；选择去做某事 5. Sandy is wondering where to find a book about travel. 桑迪正琢磨着该去哪里找本旅行指南。 解析： a book about travel 6. Amy does not know how to write the book review.艾米不会写书评。 解析： write the book review.写书评 7. They are discussing which book to read next.他们正在讨论接下来该读哪本书。 解析：discuss 讨论 名词：discussion 8. You can decide how many books to take with you.你可以自行决定带多少本书。 解析： Take sth with sb随身携带 9. Gulliver was not sure who to ask for help.格列佛不知该向谁求助。 解析： who to ask for help向谁 寻求帮助 10. Are you clear when to meet at the Book Club tomorrow?明天读书会的见面时间确定了吗？ 解析： Are you clear 你明白吗 11. There are so many books on the reading list.阅读清单上的书多得数不过来。 解析： on the reading list.在阅读清单 12. Mr Wu advised us which to choose first.吴医生建议我们先选择哪一种。 解析： advised us which to choose 13. The students asked their teacher when to hand in their book reviews 学生们问老师什么时候交书评 解析： 14. Millie showed us what to write in a book review.米莉教我们如何撰写书评。 解析： showed us what to do 15. Daniel taught himself how to make a mind map on his computer.丹尼尔自学了在电脑上制作思维导图的方法。 解析： teach oneself 自学 She taught herself English. teach 教；教授 teach sb. sth. / teach math how to make 疑问词 + 不定式 如何制作 Do you know how to make a cake? mind map n. 思维导图 make a mind map for a story on the computer 在电脑上 draw a picture on the computer 16. Don't forget to tell your classmates where to find these books.别忘了告诉同学们这些书在哪里。 解析： Don't forget to不要忘记... 17. So,today you've all decided what to read for the Reading Month.所以，今天你们已经选好了阅读月的读物。 解析：the Reading Month 18. It isn't always easy to know which book to choose,but I'm happy with your choices.选书可不是件容易的事，不过你选的这些书，我挺满意的。 解析： be happy with 的用法 be happy with 后接名词或代词，表 “对某人 / 某事感到满意”，同义短语有 be satisfied with。 19. It's helpful to have a plan before you start reading.开始阅读前制定计划很有帮助。 解析： have a plan 制定计划 20. Then,you'll know how many pages to read each day.这样你就能清楚每天需要阅读多少页内容了。 解析： each day 意为 “每天”，表示习惯性、规律性的动作，和 every day 含义相近，可互换使用。 注意区分 everyday（形容词，意为 “日常的”） 典型例题： 1. — ______ will it take you to finish reading the 300-page novel? — About a week. I can only spare two hours for reading every day. A. How many B. How much C. How long D. How soon 2. — ______ do you go back to visit your grandparents in the countryside? — Only twice a year. The traffic there is not very convenient. A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How far 3. — ______ is the distance between your home and the library? — It’s about 3 kilometers. I usually ride a bike there. A. How long B. How far C. How much D. How often 4. — ______ bottles of milk do we need to prepare for the class party? — Let me see. There are 45 students, so I think 50 bottles will be enough. A. How much B. How many C. How long D. How soon 5. — ______ will your elder brother come back from Beijing? — In two days. He called me just now and said he had finished his work. A. How long B. How far C. How soon D. How often 6. — ______ honey do you need to make the fruit salad? — Two spoons. It will make the salad better get more better get better. A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How long 7. — ______ have you kept this storybook? — For three weeks. I have to return it to library library return it to the library this Friday. A. How soon B. How far C. How long D. How often 21. You can talk to your classmates if you're not sure what to write about your book.如果不确定写什么内容，可以和同学讨论。 解析： talk to 和…… 交谈=talk with Talk about=talk of sth 例句：Who will you talk to about your winter holiday plans? 22. If you have any problems,I'm ready to help.如有任何问题，我随时准备提供帮助。 解析： · be ready to do sth. 准备好做某事；乐意做某事 · problem 的用法辨析 problem 多指需要解决的难题、麻烦，与 question（需要回答的问题）不同： 搭配 solve：solve a problem（解决问题） 搭配 answer：answer a question（回答问题） 23. For example,you can ask me how to write the book review.比如，你可以问我怎么写书评。 解析： ask sb. sth. 的双宾语结构，意为 “询问某人某事” 24. I'll put up a timetable on my office door so you know when to speak to me.我会在办公室门上贴个时间表，方便您知道何时联系我。 解析： · put up 的用法 put up 是动副型短语，在本句中意为 “张贴”，宾语是名词时，可放在短语中间或后面；宾语是代词时，必须放在中间。 ✔ 正确：put up a timetable /put a timetable up ✔ 正确：put it up（指代 timetable） ✘ 错误：put up it 拓展：put up 还有 “举起；搭建” 的含义，例：put up your hand（举手）；put up a tent（搭帐篷） speak to和…… 交谈 语法专项训练 1.Before the trip, we need to decide ________ to go first, the museum or the park, and ________ to take with us for the picnic. A. where; what B. which; what C. what; how D. whether; which 2.The young artist is learning ________ from the famous painter, but she hasn't decided ________ her own style yet. A. what to paint; when to develop B. how to paint; when to develop C. how to paint; whether to develop D. what to paint; whether to develop 3.The problem is not ________ to solve the math question, but ________ to explain the solution clearly to others. A. how; how B. what; how C. whether; what D. when; why 4.— I don’t know ______ for my mother’s birthday. — Why not buy her a scarf? A. when to buy B. what to buy C. how to buy D. where to buy 5.Could you tell me ______ the new library? I’m new here. A. how to get to B. what to get to C. when to get D. why to get 6.The little boy hasn’t decided ______ during the coming holiday. A. who to play B. which to play C. where to go D. what to go 7.Please tell your sister ______ the meeting tomorrow. Don’t be late. A. when to attend B. how to attend C. when attend D. to when attend 8.— Do you know ______ a kite? — Yes. Let me show you the steps. A. what to make B. how to make C. when to make D. where to make 9.No one told us ______ the machine, so 我们 had to ask the teacher for help. A. how to operate B. what to operate C. where to operate D. why to operate 10.The students are discussing ______ for the Reading Month activity. A. which book to choose B. to choose which book C. choose which book D. which book choose 11.— Excuse me. I wonder ______ the bus arrives. — It arrives at 7:30 a.m. every day. A. how to know B. when to know C. when to find D. when to expect 12.We haven’t decided ______ the broken bike. Shall we ask someone to repair it? A. how to deal with B. what to deal with C. how to do D. what to do with it 13The teacher asked us ______ the report, but most of us didn’t have any idea. A. how to start B. what to start C. how start D. to how start 14.The new students doesn’t know who_________her favourite book? A. to talk to B.to talk about C.to talk to about D.to talk about to 1. now we've decided what to read .现在 我们 已经 决定 了 要 阅读 的 内容 . 解析： decide what to do 2. When are you going to start? 你什么时候开始？ 解析： 3. In fact,I've finished the first part. 事实上，我已经完成了第一部分。 解析： 4. I haven't started yet.我还没开始呢。 解析：现在完成时否定，yet 还没 5. Don't worry.Mr Wu didn't say when to hand in the book hand in review. 别担心。吴先生没说什么时候交书评。 解析： worry 担心；担忧 worry about sth. / Don't worry too much. 典型例题： 1. My mother is ______ because my little brother hasn’t come back home yet. I also ______ about his safety very much. A. worried; worry B. worrying; worried C. worry; worrying D. worried; worrying 2. It’s ______ that the bad weather will last for a week. We all ______ about the coming sports meeting. A. worried; worry B. worrying; worry C. worry; worried D. worrying; worried 3. Don’t ______! There’s nothing ______ about the result. We still have chances to improve it. A. worried; worry B. worry; worried C. worry; worrying D. worrying; worry 4. The ______ look on her face shows she is ______ about her sick son. A. worried; worried B. worrying; worried C. worried; worrying D. worrying; worrying 5. My teacher often tells us not to ______ too much ______ the exams. It’s not a big deal. A. worried; about B. worry; about C. worrying; over D. worry; with 6. We still have plenty of time then. 我们还有足够的时间。 解析： plenty of 大量的；充足的 后接可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 7. I want to make a mind map of the stories in my book.我想为书中的故事做个思维导图。 解析： mind map 思维导图 make a mind map for a story 8. Do you know how to create one on the computer?你知道如何在电脑上创建一个吗？ 解析： 代词 one 的指代用法 one 作代词时，指代前文提到的单数可数名词，避免重复。 指代单数可数名词，复数形式为 ones 典型例题： 1. — I want to buy a new pen. — What about this blue ______? It’s cheaper than ______ you showed me just now. A. one; that B. it; one C. ones; these D. that; it 2. — Do you have any storybooks about space? — Yes. The thin ______ on the shelf are popular. You can take two of ______. A. one; it B. ones; these C. that; those D. it; ones 3. The film is very interesting. I want to see ______ again. I have never seen such ______ moving film before. A. it; one B. one; it C. that; one D. this; that 4. — Are the white T-shirts yours? — No. Mine are the black ______. I don’t like ______ white ones over there. A. one; these B. ones; those C. that; it D. it; these 5. This dictionary is more useful than ______ my father gave me last year. I will keep ______ as my favorite tool. A. one; it B. that; it C. it; that D. ones; this 9. but I know who to ask for help.但我知道该向谁求助。 解析： 10. Daniel is good with computers.丹尼尔擅长使用电脑。 解析：be good with sth 擅长某事=be good at doing 11. We plan to meet at the library.我们计划在图书馆见面。 解析：plan to do 12. Would you like to join us?您愿意加入我们吗？ 解析： · 礼貌邀请句型 Would you like to do sth.? 的用法 肯定回答： Yes, I’d like/love to.（是的，我很乐意。） Sure, I’d be glad to.（当然，我很愿意。） 否定回答（需委婉拒绝）： I’d love to, but I have to do my homework.（我很想去，但我得做作业。） Sorry, I can’t. I’m busy now.（抱歉，我去不了，我现在很忙。） 注意：would like 没有人称和数的变化，所有人称都可用 would like。 · 动词 join 的用法辨析 join 在句中意为 “加入某人的活动”，常见搭配有明确区别： join sb.：加入某人（的行列 / 活动） 例：Can I join you for the walk? join + 组织 / 团体：加入某个组织 例：He wants to join the English club. join in + 活动：参与某项具体活动（和 take part in 同义） 例：We all joined in the party game. 13. I'd love to!我很乐意。 解析： 14. We're still not sure when to meet ,but I'll let you know soon.我们还没确定具体时间，不过很快就会通知你。 解析： · 疑问词 + 不定式（wh- + to do）的用法 本句中 when to meet 是 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构，在句中作 sure 的宾语，相当于宾语从句 when we will meet。 适用疑问词：when, where, what, how, which 等 拓展例句： She doesn’t know what to buy.（= what she should buy） Can you tell me how to get there?（= how I can get there） 注意：why 不能用于这个结构。 · let 的使役动词用法 let 是使役动词，常用结构为 let sb. do sth.（让某人做某事） 拓展：类似用法的使役动词还有 make, have，例：He made me laugh. B Using must and have to 1. l am writing a book review for the school newspaper,and I have to hand it in on Friday.我正在为校报写书评，必须在周五前交稿。 解析： hand in 上交；提交 2. I have to give a short summary of the book,but I mustn't give away the ending.我得简单说说这本书，但不能剧透结局。 解析： give 给出；提供 give a talk（做报告）/give a lesson（上课） summary 摘要；概要 a short summary（简短摘要）/make a summary（做总结） mustn't 情态动词否定式 禁止；一定不要 表主观禁止，语气强硬 give away 泄露；透露；赠送 give away a secret（泄露秘密）/give away gifts（赠送礼物） ending 结局；结尾 a happy ending（圆满结局） 3. I just need to give my reasons for liking it or not.我只需要说明喜欢或不喜欢的理由。 解析： · just 只是；仅仅；刚刚 just现在完成时提示词、just now 过去式提示词 Just right 正好 · Need 需要 need to do sth.（需要做某事） need 注意词性的辨别（前面笔记已经讲解） 动词 need 的用法（实义动词） 本句中 need 是实义动词，后接 不定式（to do） 作宾语，有人称和时态的变化。 肯定句：主语 + need (s) to do sth. 例：She needs to buy a new pen. 否定句：主语 + don’t/doesn’t need to do sth. 例：We don’t need to get up early on weekends. 拓展：need 也可作情态动词，多用于否定句和疑问句，后接动词原形，无人称变化，例：Need I go with you? · reason 理由；原因 the reason for sth.（某事的理由） the reason why...is that.../for any reason · or not 与否；或者不 whether or not（是否）/like it or not（不管喜不喜欢） 4. I must check my spelling and grammar before I hand in my book review. "我得先检查拼写和语法，才能提交书评。 解析： check 检查；核对 check answers / check the time Check in 入住登记，check out 退房 spelling 拼写 spelling mistakes（拼写错误） grammar语法 grammar rules（语法规则） before 在…… 之前 引导时间状语从句+doing hand in上交；提交 hand in homework / hand in a report 5. I must run away from them,"Gulliver thought“我必须逃离他们，”格列佛心想。 解析： run away from 逃离 6. I have to hand in the book review on Friday.我周五得交书评。 解析： 7. Gulliver had to pull his hand out of the rope.格列佛不得不把手从绳子上抽出来。 解析： pull...out of... 把…… 从…… 中拉出来 8. I mustn't give away the ending of the story.我不能透露故事的结局。 解析： the ending of the story.故事的结局 9. "You must not shout at us!“你不能对我们大喊大叫！ 解析： shout at 10. It's too loud,"one tiny man told Gulliver.太吵了，”一个矮个子男人对格列佛说。 解析： 11. I don't have to love the book.我不必喜欢这本书。 解析： 12. Gulliver didn't have to run away because the tiny men were kind.格列佛不必逃跑，因为那些小人儿心地善良。 解析： 13. Welcome to the Sunshine Middle School library!欢迎来到阳光中学图书馆！ 解析：略 14. I'm Mrs Li and I'll tell you a few library rules.我是李女士，来跟大家说说图书馆的几条规矩。 解析： a few library rules几条规则 15. You must follow these rules while you're here.在此期间，您必须遵守以下规定。 解析： follow the rules（遵守规则） follow the instructions（遵守说明） follow the order（遵守命令） 16. First of all,you must remember that books in the library are for everyone,so please make sure you take care of them.首先，你要记住图书馆的书是供所有人使用的，所以请务必好好爱护它们。 解析： first of all 首先；第一 First of all, we need to prepare materials. remember 记住；牢记 remember a rule / remember to do sth. for everyone 供所有人 This park is for everyone to enjoy. make sure 确保；保证 make sure the door is closed take care of 照顾；爱护 take care of pets / take care of public things 17. You must not write in the books or take out any pages. 你不能在书中书写或撕下任何页面。 解析： ake out 取出；撕下 18. The library is a place for all students to read and study.图书馆是全体学生阅读学习的场所。 解析： a place for sb. to do sth. 的典型用法，意为 “一个供某人做某事的地方”， 19. You must be very quiet when you're in the library,so other students can focus.在图书馆里必须保持安静，这样其他同学才能专心学习。 解析： quiet adj. 安静的 keep quiet / a quiet place focus 集中注意力；专注 focus on sth.（专注于某事） 20. You also mustn’t bring any food or drinks into the library.图书馆内严禁携带任何食物或饮料。 解析： bring 带来；带入 bring sth. into...（把某物带入某地） any 任何；任一 用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，代替 some I don’t have any money. into 到…… 里面 表动作的方向，强调 “进入内部” 情态动词 mustn’t 的核心用法 mustn’t 是 must 的否定形式，表 “禁止、不准”，用于明确规定不允许做的事，语气强硬，而非 “不必”。 例句：You mustn’t run in the hallway.（禁止在走廊奔跑） 辨析：“不必” 的正确表达是 don’t have to / needn’t ✔ 正确：You don’t have to come early.（你不必早来） ✘ 错误：You mustn’t come early.（此句意为 “不准早来”，语义不同） 21. You must stay in the library to enjoy the books here.您必须留在图书馆才能享受这里的书籍。 解析： 22. If you want to take a book home,you can just take it to the librarian to check it out.想带书回家的话，直接去图书馆借就行。 解析： · if 引导的条件状语从句时态规则（主将从现） 当 if 引导的条件状语从句表将来可能的情况时，从句用 一般现在时，主句用 一般将来时 / 情态动词（can/may/will 等）。 拓展例句：If you finish your homework, you can watch TV. · check out （从图书馆）借出；办理借阅手续 check out a book / check out two magazines · take...to... /teɪk tuː/ 动词短语 把…… 带到…… 23. Thank you for watching.I hope you enjoy using the library.感谢您的观看，希望您喜欢使用图书馆。 解析： thank you for 因…… 而感谢你 Thank you for your help. watch 观看；留意 watch a movie / watch the lecture hope希望；祝愿 hope to do sth. /hope (that) + 从句 语法专项提高 1. Jean___________ have kept his promise. I wonder why he changed his idea. A. must B. should C. need D. would 解析：选B. “should have +过去分词” 表示“过去本来应该(但没能)做某事”； keep one’s promise 意为“信守诺言”。 2. Jane ________have come to the party, but she________ not find the exact time. A. could; could B. might; could C. should; could D. should; would 解析：选A.“ could have+过去分词表示过去本来应该(但没能)做某事”。 3. So many mistakes in your homework! You______more careful. A. may be B. had to C. would be D. should have been 解析：选D. “You should have been more careful”. 意为：你本来应该更细心的。 4．Her brother________be at home now, because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn't 解析：选C. can’t be at home 意为：不可能在家。 5．---I can’t understand why our boss is late. ---He________the early bus. A. could miss B. may have missed C. can have missed D. might miss 解析：选B. “may have+过去分词”表示对过去动作的判断，意为：可能做了某事。 注意：can表示可能时，只能用于疑问句和反问句。 6. She didn't answer the phone, she ______ asleep. A. may be B. must be C. should have been D. must have been 解析：选D. 表示：对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。 7．The little girl’s eyes were red. She ______. A. may cry B. must cry C. must be cried D. must have been crying 解析：选D. 意为：她刚才肯定一直在哭。对过去某事正发生的推测。 8．He______ his supper now, for the dining hall is still closed. A. can’t be having B. needn’t be having C. mustn’t be having D. shouldn't be having 解析：选A. 对现在正在发生的事情的否定推测。 9．I parked my bike behind the building, but now it is gone. It ________ . A. may be stolen B. must be stolen C. must have been stolen D. must have stolen 解析：选C. 对过去发生的事情 的肯定推测的被动式。 10. ______ Mr. Black_______go to work by ferry before the bridge was built? A. Did; used to B. Use; to C. Did; use to D. Does; use to 解析：选C. used to do的疑问式，可以是Used+主语+to do ?或Did +主语+use to do? 11. The hotel is only a stone’s throw away, you ______ take a bus. A. need not to B. not need to C. don't need D. need not 解析：选D. 说话人认为不必要乘车, need 为情态动词。 12. I am busy now, _______ my brother do it for you ? A. Will B. Shall C. Must D. May 解析：选B. 在疑问句中shall 用于第三人称，也表示征求意见。 13. ---You needn’t do it right now, need you? ---Yes I am afraid I ______ . A. need B. needn’t C. must D. mustn’t 解析：选C. Yes的意思是：不。意为：恐怕我必须现在就做。 14.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared . Who _____ have taken it? A. should B. must C. could D. would 解析：选C. could/can have done 用于否定推测和疑问推测。 15. ---The room is so dirty._______ we clean it? ----Of course. A． Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do 解析：选B. shall 用在疑问句中，常用于第一，三人称， 表示征求意见或请求指示。 16. If you have something important to do, you ______ waste any time. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. won’t 解析：选B. 根据句意用mustn’t 17. If you want to borrow a football after school, your student card______ here. A. has to leave B. must leave C. has to be left D. must be left 解析：选C. have to 表示客观需要，must表示主观需要。学生证必须放在此是客观需要。 18. “ Did you scold him for his carelessness?” “Yes, but _____ it” A. I’d rather not do B. I’d rather not have done C. I shouldn’t do D. I’d better not do 解析：选B. would rather 加完成时表示对完成了的或过去了的事情的态度。意为：当时是不情愿做的。 19. “ Don’t get near to it . It is too dangerous!” “_______” . A. Yes, I won’t B. No, I don’t C. No, I can’t D. No, I won’t 解析：选D. A为错误的表达方式；B和C没有直接回答对方的问候。 20. He must be in the classroom, _______ he? A. mustn’t B. can’t C. isn’t D.can 解析：选C. 对表否定的must进行反意疑问时，要用句子的实义动词 21. He________ be in the garden. He must be in the room. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. will not D. may not 解析：选A. 否定推测用can’t不用mustn’t 22. “Do you have to leave now?” “I am very sorry, but I really______.” A. can’t B. have C. should D. must 解析：选D. 回答have to 的疑问句用must作肯定回答。 23. “Let’s go to the library, shall we?” “_________?” A. No, I can’t B. Yes, I will C. Yes , thank you D. No, we’d better not 解析：选D. A,B,C都 不能回答shall we, 此处D的语气比较婉转客气。 24. “Can I take it away?” “ You ______ better not.” A. should B. could C. would D. had 解析：选D. had better 与不带to 的不定式构成谓语，可以变成疑问句：Hadn’t you better---- 25. You _______ have brought your camera. They all had theirs with them. A. couldn’t B. needn’t C. wouldn’t D. mustn’t 解析：选B. 本来不必要做某事. 26. See who is there!______it be May? A. May B. Must C. Can D. Will 解析：选C. 表推测时A，B都用作疑问句。 27. John______ be a basketball player. He is much too short. A. may B. mustn’t C. can’t D. should 解析：选C. 断然的不定推测用can’t 28. The Chinese teacher looks so pale. She ______ be ill. A. must B. mustn’t C. can D. need 解析：选A. 表示有把握的肯定推测用must 29. Something______to save our earth. Do you think so? A. can do B. must do C. has to do D. must be done 解析：选D. “something must be done” 意为：必须采取措施。 30. Look at what you have done! You ______ be more careful. A. ought B. can C. would D. should 解析：选D. ought 后应用to 31. — May I park my car here? — No, you ______. No car is allowed to park here. A. may not B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. daren’t 解析：C。此题考查以情态动词提问的一般疑问句的回答。在英语中，以某些情态动词提问的句子，出于礼貌委婉或句意的需 要，回答时，要换用另一个情态动词。在回答must开头的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to；在回答may开头的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用may，否定回答用mustn’t；在回答need开头的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t。 32. — Excuse me, could you tell me where the Yajia Supermarket is? — It’s two blocks straight ahead. You ______ miss it. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 解析：B。根据题意，此处需要表示“推测”的否定结构，故can’t为正确答案。4. A。这是一个省略句，couldn’t have done表示对过去发生的动作的否定推测，意为“不可能……”。 33. — How about paying a visit to Dr. Wang, our former Chinese teacher? — Good idea. I will e-mail him today so that he ______ know ______ to expect us. A. shall; why B. could; when C. would; what D. will; how 解析：B。这是一个综合题。本题so that后的目的状语从句中的谓语动词要用“情态动词（ may / might / can / could ） + 动词原形”。When to expect us表示“我们什么时候可到达”。“疑问词+不定式”结构在句中作know的宾语。 34. Everything has two sides. Beautiful songs, sometimes, ______ be just noise to others. A. must B. may C. should D. could 解析：B。由sometimes可知，此处应用表示可能性不大的情态动词，即may。 35. You ______ scold such a pupil who always keeps silent so seriously that you ______ hurt him. A. should; can B. may; will C. mustn’t; may D. can’t; must 解析：C。mustn’t表示“不准许”，may表示可能性，所以C正确。 Integration 1. Say no to pirated books拒绝盗版图书 解析： · say no to sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “拒绝某物；对某物说不”，类似表达：say yes to sth.（同意某物）。 · pirated：形容词，意为 “盗版的；非法复制的”，词根是 pirate（动词：盗版；名词：海盗 / 盗版者）。 2. It takes hard work before a book reaches its readers.一本书要真正走进读者手中，需要付出艰辛的努力。 解析： It takes hard work before“在某事发生之前，需要付出…… 的代价 / 努力”。 3. The writer has worked hard to write the book.作者为撰写此书付出了艰辛努力。 解析： work hard to 努力做 4. And they may have difficulty getting the book published because publishers can't say for sure if the book will be successful or not.他们可能难以出版这本书，因为出版商无法确定该书是否能成功。 解析： · have difficulty (in) doing做某事有困难=have problems/trouble in doing · get + 宾语 + 过去分词, get sth. done 结构，意为 “使某物被……” Get sb do使某人做某事 · 连词 if 的用法 · 此处 if 引导宾语从句，意为 “是否”，可与 whether 互换；但 if 不能直接和 or not 连用（本句 or not 放在句末，符合用法），若 or not 紧跟连词，只能用 whether。 对比： 正确：I don’t know if/whether he will come or not. 正确：I don’t know whether or not he will come. 错误：I don’t know if or not he will come.say for sure确定地说；肯定地说 5. Once a book is published,the writer's work doesn't end there.一本书出版后，作者的工作并未就此结束。 解析： · once一...就... 其他意思： 一次；一回 表示动作发生的次数，反义词 twice（两次），三次及以上用 “数词 + times”。 例句：I go to the library once a week. 我每周去一次图书馆。 曾经；一度 at once（立刻；马上） · is published 被出版 · End 动词 结束 6. They still have to be careful about protecting their copyright.他们仍需谨慎保护自己的版权 解析： have to不得不，don’t have to 不必=needn’t be careful about小心；留意 Protect 保护 protect ...from...保护...免于侵害 7. Some people make pirate copies and share them without the writer's agreement.有些人会制作盗版并未经作者同意就分享。 解析： · pirate 盗版的；非法复制的 pirate CDs /pirate software（盗版光盘 / 盗版软件） · copy 复制品；拷贝 make a copy of the file（复制一份文件） · share 分享；共享 share sth. with sb.（和某人分享某物） · without 没有；未经 go out without permission（未经允许外出）without help（没有帮助）、without thinking twice（不假思索） · agreement 同意；协议 reach an agreement（达成协议）、with one's agreement（经某人同意） 8. This not only causes the writer to lose money but also harms the book industry.这不仅使作者蒙受损失，而且损害了图书产业。 解析： 9. As readers,it is important to say no to pirated books.作为读者，我们应当坚决抵制盗版书籍。 解析： · not only...but also...不仅…… 而且……，就近原则 · cause 动词：导致；使发生 cause sb. to do sth.（使某人做某事），cause trouble（惹麻烦） 名词： 原因；起因；事业 The cause of 短语搭配：for a good cause → 为了公益事业；为了正当理由 例句：We raised money for a good cause. 我们为公益事业筹钱。 in the cause of → 为了……（事业） · lose v. 失去；损失 lose money（赔钱）、lose one's way（迷路） lose a game/match 输掉比赛 lose weight 减肥 lose oneself in sth. “沉浸于；沉迷于某物” be lost “丢失的；迷路的；沉浸的” 派生用法：（钟表）走慢 My watch loses two minutes a day. · harm 损害；伤害 harm the environment（破坏环境），do harm to sb.（对某人有害） 形容词：harmful 有害的 be harmful to · industry 行业；工业 the film industry（电影行业）.the tourism industry（旅游业） 10. In that way,we can all work together to build and enjoy a healthy book market.通过这种方式，我们大家齐心协力，共同营造并共享一个健康的图书市场。 解析： in that way 通过那种方式 In that way, you can solve the problem easily. work together 共同努力；合作 We should work together to protect our planet. build 建立；建设 build a bridge / build a good relationship enjoy 享受；享用 enjoy the sunshine / enjoy a big meal healthy 健康的；良性的 a healthy diet / a healthy environment market 市场；行业 a food market / the job market 11. could you tell me where to find the Harry Potter series? 请问哪里可以买到《哈利·波特》系列？ 解析： where to find 12. They're on the shelf over there with the fiction books.它们就放在那边的书架上，和小说类书籍放在一起。 解析： Shelf 架子；书架 复数形式：shelves a book shelf（书架）；on the shelf（在架子上） over there在那边 The bank is over there.（银行在那边。） fiction 小说（虚构类文学） 反义词：non-fiction（纪实文学）.science fiction（科幻小说）with 和…… 一起；伴随 live with parents（和父母住在一起） 13. Many students like the Harry Potter books. 很多学生喜欢《哈利波特》系列书籍。 解析： 14. They're very popular all over the world.它们在全球范围内广受欢迎。 解析： popular 受欢迎的；流行的 be popular with/among sb.（受某人欢迎） all over the world 全世界；世界各地 People all over the world love peace. 15. There are seven books in the series.该系列共有七本书。 解析： There be 句型考点汇总： （1） 基本公式 There + be 动词 + 主语（人 / 物） + 地点 / 时间状语 there 是引导词，无实际含义，不能翻译为 “那里”。 be 动词 的单复数由后面的主语决定（即就近原则）。 地点 / 时间状语可放在句末，也可提前强调。 （2）与情态动词连用 结构：There + 情态动词 + be + 主语 + 状语 There can be no doubt about it.（这件事不容置疑。） There must be a mistake.（一定是哪里出错了。） （3）后接非谓语动词 若主语后有动词，需用 doing（主动） 或 to do（将来） 形式。 There is a girl singing in the room.（房间里有个女孩在唱歌。） There is a lot of work to do today.（今天有很多工作要做。） 16. Which one do you want to borrow?你想借哪一个？ 解析： · 疑问词 which 的用法 which 可单独使用，也可和名词 / 代词连用（which + n./pron.）。 单独使用：Which is your bag?（哪个是你的包？） 接代词 one：Which one is cheaper?（哪一个更便宜？），one 避免重复前文的单数可数名词 接名词：Which book do you need?（你需要哪本书？） · borrow vs. lend 的辨析 两者都与 “借” 相关，但方向相反，是八年级的高频考点： borrow 借入（从他人处借到自己手里） borrow sth. from sb. I borrow a bike from Tom. lend 借出（从自己手里借给他人） lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth. Tom lends a bike to me. 17. The first one,please.And can I borrow more than one book at a time请先给我第一本。另外，我可以一次借多本书吗？ 解析： · the first one 第一个 The red pen is better. I’ll take the first one. The first to do 第一个做某事 Come first 率先，领先 · more than 超过；多于 more than 50 students / more than two hours 表 “不只是、非常”。例：He is more than a teacher.（他不只是一位老师。） · at a time 一次；每次 Take two pills at a time. Time短语汇总： at a time 一次；每次 强调 “单次的量” at one time 曾经；一度 指过去的某个时期 at times 有时；偶尔 相当于 once upon a time 从前 用于童话、故事开头 three times 三次 次数表达：数词 + times（两次为 twice） on time 准时；按时 强调 “不早不晚” in time 及时；来得及 强调 “赶上时间点” all the time 一直；总是 强调动作持续不断 at the same time 同时 指两个动作同步发生 for the first time 第一次 18. You can borrow three books at a time,but you must return them within a month.每次可借阅三本书，但须在一个月内归还。 解析： 19. The book describes a series of adventures of Tom Sawyer and his friends.这本书讲述了汤姆·索亚和他的朋友们的一系列冒险故事 解析： describe 描述；描绘 describe sth. to sb.（向某人描述某物） a series of 一系列的；一连串的 a series of books / a series of events adventure 冒险；冒险经历 a series of adventures 一系列冒险经历 20. From talking his friends into doing chores for him to finding treasure,from playing on a faraway island to running away from bad people,Tom is always off on an exciting adventure.汤姆总爱开启各种刺激的冒险：先是说服朋友帮他做家务，接着寻宝探险；或是远赴荒岛玩耍，又或是逃离恶人追捕。 解析： talk sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事 do chores做家务；做杂活 Kids should learn to do chores at home. faraway 遥远的 a faraway country / a faraway island be off (on sth.) 出发去（做）某事；忙于（某事） We're off on a trip tomorrow. exciting 令人兴奋的 an exciting story / an exciting game adventure 冒险；冒险经历 21. I really enjoy this book because it is both exciting and funny.我特别喜欢这本书，因为它既让人兴奋又充满趣味。 解析： both...and... 既…… 又…… 连接两个并列的词 / 短语 / 句子 注意：both...and... 连接主语时，谓语动词用复数，例：Both Tom and Lucy like this book. 22. I love the character Tom best.我最喜欢汤姆这个角色。 解析： 23. He is fun-loving and brave,though he often gets into trouble with his friends.他性格开朗勇敢，但和朋友相处时总爱惹麻烦。 解析： fun-loving 爱玩乐的；爱开玩笑的 a fun-loving boy / fun-loving people brave 勇敢的 be brave to do sth. though 虽然；尽管 引导让步状语从句，不与 but 连用 Though it rains, we still go out. get into trouble 陷入麻烦；惹祸 get into trouble with sb.（和某人一起惹麻烦） with 和…… 一起 play with friends / talk with teachers 24. The story tells us to face the results of bad choices as well as to fight for what we think is right.这个故事告诉我们，既要直面错误选择带来的后果，也要为自己的信念而奋斗。 解析： The story tells us to do A as well as to do B face 面对；正视 face the difficulty / face the truth result 结果；后果 the results of one's actions（某人行为的后果） as well as 也；和…… 一样 He can sing as well as dance. fight for 为…… 而奋斗 fight for freedom / fight for justice 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $