名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语 导学案-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

Y 名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语 学习目标 本节课结束，你能够： 1．识别名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语的结构； 2．归纳名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语的功能； 3．运用名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语丰富语言表达内容。 学习过程 新知讲解 名词短语 材料① Tis Summer, I know by the blue of the sky; By the trees ’ deeper green, as beneath them I lie; And more than all these, by the lovely wild rose That now in the woodland its pink blossom shows. — by H. P. Nichols 1．观察材料①中的填空部分，总结名词短语的基本概念：以一个________为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于________。 材料② 例句 结构 功能（成分） I know by the blue of the sky … 限定词+名词+介词短语 （介词）宾语 We will try our best to give you a detailed schedule soon. Adventure travel has become more and more popular. We consider autumn the most comfortable season. Autumn is the most comfortable season. 2. 画出材料②中的名词短语，并尝试将表格补充完整。 3．观察材料②中的名词短语，总结名词短语的结构=（______________）+（_________________________） +名词+（______________）。 形容词短语、副词短语 材料③ (1) I’ll finish my homework pretty soon. (2) My new teachers are very nice and patient. (3) Rita plays the violin quite well. (4) I think the courses are too difficult but very interesting. 1．将材料③中的四个句子分成两类，并说出分类依据。 2．根据材料③中例句的分类，总结副词/形容词短语的基本概念：以一个_____________为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于_____________。 材料④ 例句 结构 功能（成分） I’ll finish my homework pretty soon. Rita plays the violin quite well. Strangely enough, she didn’t seem to like ballet very much. My new teachers are very nice and patient. 第 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 I think the courses are too difficult but very interesting. Going away to college has made me much more independent. I think he is a very nice and patient man. I think he is a man suitable for the job. 3．根据材料④中画线部分的例句，写出对应的形容词/副词短语的结构和功能。 4．画出材料④其余例句中的形容词/副词短语，并尝试将表格补充完整。 5．观察材料④中的形容词和副词短语，总结副词短语的结构=（______________ ）+ ______________；形容词短语的结构=（______________ ）+ ______________+（___________________） 材料⑤ —I am very worried about my friend, Chen Lei, because she plays computer games too often and spends too much time online. How can I persuade her to stop? —(1) It is not unusual for teenagers to be attracted to computer games and the online world. But spending time online is unhealthy and makes it difficult to focus on other things in life. —(2) It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world. But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it much more difficult to focus on other things in life. 6．如材料⑤所示，陈蕾遇到了一个麻烦，有朋友给出了(1)和(2)两种回复，找找两者的差异，并说说你认为谁的回复更具体、更有说服力？ 7 ．结合本课所学 ，总结名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语的作用： They can make sentences more ____________, ______________ and ______________. 学以致用 1. Find out the noun/adjective/adverb phrases and state their functions. (1) I’m a new senior high school student. My new school life is very exciting. (2) I feel much more excited because this school differs in many ways from my previous (之前的) one. (3) It has a big playground, a friendly headmaster and an excellent student centre. (4) What is also very different is that students in the same class do not have fixed classrooms. (5) I have to study harder and be responsible for a lot more. 2. Help Joyce (a high school student) improve her writing by using noun/adjective/adverb phrases. Cheerleader Try-outs I’ve always wanted to be a cheerleader. Yesterday, I tried out for the team. It was hard. First, we had to dance. The teacher showed us how to move, and then we tried. Second, we practised singing a song about the school basketball team. Finally, some girls had to lift their partners. The other girls jumped and cheered. I think I did well, but the other girls were better. I’m not sure if I’ll make the team or not. 课堂小结 短语 结构 功能（成分） 名词短语 （限定词）+（形容词/形容词短语/描述性名词）+名词 +（介词短语） 主语、宾语、表语、宾补 形容词短语 （副词）+ 形容词 +（介词短语） 表语、定语、宾补 副词短语 （副词）+ 副词 状语 学习过程答案 新知讲解 名词短语 1．名词 名词 第 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2．结构：限定词+（形容词）+名词 描述性名词+名词 限定词+形容词短语+名词功能：（动词）宾语 主语 补语 表语 3．限定词 形容词/形容词短语/描述性名词 介词短语 形容词短语、副词短语 1. 副词短语：(1)(3) 形容词短语：(2)(4) 2. 副词/形容词 副词/形容词 3. 结构：副词 + 副词 副词 + 形容词（短语） 功能：状语（修饰动词/形容词/副词） 表语 4. 形容词/副词短语：Strangely enough much more independent very nice and patient suitable for the job结构：形容词 + 介词短语 功能：状语（修饰整个句子） 补语 （前置）定语 （后置）定语 5. 副词 副词 副词 形容词 介词短语 6. 在(2)中，将名词 teenager 转化为名词短语 teenagers of your generation ，明确群体；将名词 time 转化为名词短语 too much time，突出了程度；将形容词 difficult 转化为形容词短语 much more difficult ，突出难度。 7. informative accurate vivid 学以致用 1. 名词短语：a new senior high school student（作表语） my new school life（作主语） this school（作主语） my previous one（作宾语） a big playground（作宾语） a friendly headmaster（作宾语） an excellent student centre（作宾语） students in the same class（作主语） fixed classrooms（作宾语） a lot more（作宾语） 形容词短语：very exciting（作表语） much more excited（作表语） very different（作表语） 副词短语：much more（作状语） 2. I’ve always wanted to be a high school cheerleader. Yesterday, I tried out for the team. It was really hard. First, we had to dance very energetically and beautifully. The teacher showed us how to move, and then we tried very hard. Second, we practised singing a short fight song about the school basketball team. Finally, some of the other girls had to lift their partners. The other girls jumped very high and cheered so loudly. I think I did quite well, but some of the other stronger girls were even better. I’m not sure ifI’ll make the team or not. 课后习题 一、完成句子（本题共 5 小题。请根据所给中文提示完善句子表述。） 1．我喜欢花园里那些漂亮的花。 I love flowers. →I love 1 2 3 4 5 6 . 【答案】1 、those 2 、beautiful 3 、flowers 4 、in 5 、the 6 、garden 【解析】空处为名词短语“花园里那些漂亮的花” ，介词短语 in the garden 作定语需后置，故可译为 those beautiful flowers in the garden。 2．我的话让他高兴得像个孩子。 My words made him happy. →My words made him 1 2 3 4 . 【答案】1 、happy 2 、like 3 、a 4 、child 【解析】空处为形容词短语“高兴得像个孩子”，可用介词短语 like a child 表示，故可译为 happy like a child。 3．看树上那只漂亮的鸟。 Look at the bird. →Look at 1 2 3 4 5 6 . 【答案】1 、the 2 、beautiful 3 、bird 4 、in 5 、the 6 、tree 【解析】空处为名词短语“树上那只漂亮的鸟”，介词短语 in the tree 作定语需后置，故可译为 the beautiful bird in the tree。 第 3 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 4．他说话声音很大。 He’s speaking. →He’s ________ ________ ________. 【答案】speaking very loudly 【解析】空处为副词短语“（说话声音）很大” ，程度副词 very 修饰副词 loudly ，此处时态为现在进行时，故动词 speak 要用现在分词形式，故可译为 speaking very loudly。 5．他们买了一套带有泳池的大房子。 They bought a house. →They bought 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 . 【答案】1 、a 2 、large 3 、house 4 、with 5 、a 6 、swimming 7 、pool 【解析】空处为名词短语“一套带有泳池的大房子” ，介词短语 with a swimming pool 作定语需后置，故可译为 a large house with a swimming pool。 二、语法填空（本题共 10 小题。请根据括号中的中文提示补全短文。） In Canada, volunteering is extremely common among people of all ages. They believe that being helpful is 6 (最重要的品质之一) to have. There are many forms of 7 (志愿工作) and opportunities to help are everywhere, including schools ’ or people’s gardens. I’m volunteering for an organisation to assist 8 (那里的老师). I’m in charge of a preschool class, where students are 9 (非常可爱). When I first started, I was 10 (十分紧张) as I’d never worked with little kids before. As time went on, I became more familiar with them. One teacher asked me to help 11 (最年轻的女孩) in the class draw a picture based on the word “grateful” . As I was drawing and talking with her, I gradually felt 12 (温暖而平和的), and I realized it was not that difficult to work with children. When the class was over, I felt really excited and even 13 (有一点骄傲) ofwhat I had done. Volunteering gives us not only an opportunity to change someone’s life but also 14 (帮助别人的满足感). It is also a great way to develop social skills and valuable experience for our future. For example, I have learned to speak to others 15 (更和蔼和清晰地). 【解析】略 6.【答案】one of the most important qualities 【解析】空处为名词短语，oneof 后跟可数名词复数，故名词用 qualities，“最重要”要用到形容词最高级 the most important，故可译为 one of the most important qualities。 7.【答案】voluntary work 【解析】空处为名词短语，这里用形容词 voluntary 作定语，修饰名词 work，故可译为 voluntary work。 8.【答案】the teachers there 【解析】空处为名词短语，“那里的”用副词 there 修饰名词需后置，由语境可知“老师”用复数，且为特指，需用定冠词，故可译为 the teachers there。 9.【答案】very lovely/cute/adorable 【解析】空处为形容词短语，“非常”可用程度副词 very，“可爱的”用形容词 lovely/cute/adorable ，故可译为very lovely/cute/adorable。 10.【答案】quite/very/extremely nervous 【解析】空处为形容词短语，“十分”可用程度副词 quite/very/extremely，“紧张的”用形容词 nervous，故可译为 quite/very/extremely nervous。 11.【答案】the youngest girl 【解析】空处为名词短语，“最年轻的”要用到形容词最高级 the youngest ，根据语境可知，这里特指那个最年轻的女孩，故 girl 用单数即可，故可译为 the youngest girl。 12. 【答案】warm and peaceful 【解析】空处为形容词短语，两个形容词“温暖的 warm”和“平和的 peaceful”为并列关系，用 and 连接，故可译为 warm and peaceful。 13.【答案】a bit proud 【解析】空处为形容词短语，“有一点”可用程度副词 abit，“骄傲的”用形容词 proud，故可译为 abit proud。 14.【答案】the satisfaction of helping others 【解析】空处为名词短语，“帮助别人的”为定语，可用介词短语 of helping others 来表示，此时定语后置，由语境可知“满足感”特指帮助别人的满足感，需用定冠词，故可译为 the satisfaction of helping others。 15.【答案】more kindly and clearly 【解析】空处为副词短语，两个副词“和蔼地 kindly”和“清晰地 clearly”为并列关系，用 and 连接，且用比较级，加 more，故可译为 more kindly and clearly。 第 5 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $