专题七 介词 课件-2026年中考英语一轮复习

专题七 介词 教材通关册 1 介词是一种虚词，不能单独作句子成分。介词后加名词、代词（宾格）、动词的-ing 形式构成介宾结构；介词也可与其他词搭配使用。 易错提示 副词here、there、home、abroad、upstairs、downstairs前不用介词。如： go upstairs/downstairs。 2 考点1 时间介词、地点介词及其他介词 一、时间介词 介词 用法 示例 in in+世纪/年/季节/月 in the 21st century in 2026 in spring in March 表示在上午/下午/晚上 in the morning/afternoon/evening in+一段时间，表示“…… （多久）以后” They will finish the work in an hour. within within+一段时间，表示“ 在……之内” He finished the report within three days. 3 介词 用法 示例 on on+日期/星期几/含有Day 的节日 on June 2nd on Friday on Children’s Day on+特定某一天的上午/下 午/晚上 on Sunday afternoon at at+具体的时刻 at seven o’clock at a quarter to one 与年龄、三餐、正午、夜 晚、一些节日等搭配 at the age of five at breakfast at noon/night for for+一段时间 He has studied English for five years. 续表 4 介词 用法 示例 since since+过去的时间，表示“ 从……以来 （直到现在）”，一般用于 现在完成时 He has studied English since 2020. during during+一段时间，表示“ 在……期间”，常与节日搭 配 during his stay in Beijing during the Spring Festival by by+时间点,表示“在……以 前；到……为止” I will finish the work by Monday. 续表 5 介词 用法 示例 before/af ter before/after+时间点，表 示“在……之前/后 ” Please come here before 10 o’clock. I’ll ring you up after two o’clock. until/till until/till+时间点，表示“直 到……（时候）”； not...until...结构表示“直 到……才……” I waited for my mother until/till 10 o’clock. I didn’t go to bed until 10 o’clock. 续表 6 二、地点介词 1.表示地理位置的 in、on、at和to#1 介词 图解及用法 例句 in ______________ 某一小地点在另一大地点范围之内；用于较 大的地方 （如：国家、城市、乡镇、水域等）前 Yunnan is in the southwest of China. on ________________ 一地不在另一地范围内，但两地接壤 Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 7 介词 图解及用法 例句 to _________________不包含，也不接壤 Japan lies to the east of China. at 用于较小的地方（如：学校、机场等）前 I work at a school. 续表 8 2.表示方位的介词 9 方位 介词 含义与用法 例句 上 on 表示在某物的表面上，且相互 接触 There is a plate on the table. above 表示在某物上方，但不必在其 垂直上方，不接触 Raise your arms above your head. over 表示在某物的垂直上方，不接 触 There is a bridge over the river. 10 方位 介词 含义与用法 例句 下 under 表示在某物的垂直下方，不接 触 The ball is under the table. below 表示在某物的下方，但不必在 其垂直下方，且不接触 Our apartment is below theirs. 前 in front of 表示在某物的前面，并且在其 外面 There are some trees in front of the classroom. in the front of 表示在某物内部的前面 There’s a teacher’s desk in the front of the classroom. 续表 11 方位 介词 含义与用法 例句 后 behind 表示在某物的后面 There is a bank behind the post office. 中间 between 表示在两者之间，常与and连 用 Maria sits between Lucy and Lily. among 表示在三者或三者以上之间 Miss Wang stands among her students. 续表 12 方位 介词 含义与用法 例句 对面 opposite 表示“在……对面”，与across from同义 She sat opposite/across from me at the table. 沿着 along 表示“沿着；顺着” He walked along the road. 附近、 旁边 near 表示“在……附近” After the accident, her friend sat next to/beside/by/near her all night. next to 表示“紧邻；在……近旁” by 表示“靠近；在……旁边” beside 表示“在……旁边/附近” 续表 13 方位 介词 含义与用法 例句 倚 against 表示“紧靠；倚” Put the bike against the wall. 横过 across 指从事物表面的一边到另一 边，用于表示横穿马路、过 桥、过河等 He can swim across the river. 穿过 through 指从事物的内部通过 She had to push her way through the crowd to get to her son. 续表 14 三、其他介词 介词 含义与用法 示例 使用、 凭借 by 表示使用某种方式或手段， 后主要加交通工具/通信工具/ 动作（常用动词的-ing形式） send the message by radio make money by selling flowers in 表示使用某种语言、材料 sing this song in English write in ink with 表示使用某种具体有形的工 具 do homework with a pen 15 介词 含义与用法 示例 使用、 凭借 through 表示“凭借；由于” You can achieve success only through hard work. 有、没 有 with 表示“带有；和……一起；伴 着” Our English teacher came into the classroom with a smile on her face. without 表示“没有；无……相伴” He hurried to school without breakfast. 续表 16 介词 含义与用法 示例 包括、 除了 including 表示“包括” I’ve got a three-day holiday including New Year’s Day. （包括元旦在内有三天假） besides 表示“除了……之外 （包括在内）”， 含有“加” 的意思 Besides the lecture， there was a concert. except 表示“除了……之外 （不包括在内）”， 含有“ 减”的意思 The stores will be open daily except Sundays. 续表 17 介词 含义与用法 示例 关于 about 表示“关于；对于” Can you tell me something about your life? on 表示“关于” I saw a movie on history last week. ……的 of 表示属于（某人或某物）、 关于（某人或某物），意为 “……的” the name of the band 续表 18 介词 含义与用法 示例 对象 to 表示“对；到；给；朝着” He gave a toy bear to his sister. for 表示“为了；对于……来说” It’s very important for me. 像、作 为 like 表示“相似；类似；像； 像……一样；例如” He’s just like his father. as 表示“像；如同；作为”，常 与the same连用 You can use that glass as a vase. 续表 19 介词 含义与用法 示例 数量多 少 over 表示“多于（某时间、数量、 花费等）” He’s over sixty.（六十多岁） She stayed in Lagos for over a month. under 表示数量“小于；少于” It took us under an hour. （不到一小时） 续表 20 介词 含义与用法 示例 赞成、 反对 for 表示“赞成”，常与系动词be 连用 We are for the idea. against 表示“反对；违反”，还表示“ 与……竞争；对抗” Mr. Smith is strongly against keeping animals in the zoo. She is willing to play against any tough players. 续表 21 考点1 短文填空基础练 1. ____ spring, the days are often windy and bright. It’s a perfect time to fly a kite. 2.We have history class ___ three o’clock every Friday afternoon. 3.200 families won the 2021 Jiangsu Most Beautiful Families Award, and 15 families from Taizhou were ________ them. 4.Pupils were able to see a new TV program called Monkey ___ November 1979. 5.Lance thought ____ a while and remembered that he promised Haley that he would work on their science project today. 6.The electricity didn’t come on again _________ late at night. In at among in for until/till 22 7.Do you know World Letter Writing Day? It falls ____ September 1st every year. 8.Tea is mostly produced ___ Asian countries like China and India. 9.I feel as if I’m the only person ___ my class who hasn’t got a career in mind! 10.As the high-speed trains are available, more and more people come here ____ train. on in in by 11.To Matt’s surprise, the teacher came up to him ______ a smile, saying, “Matt, it’s nice of you to lend a helping hand to homeless animals, but you are not allowed to take them to school.” with 12.Language was not a problem ____ her any more. 13.Usually kids’ body language is the same ___ adults’, and sometimes it sends a different message. for as 23 考点2 介词短语及搭配 分类 示例 动词 （+名词/ 代词）+ 介词 agree with 同意……的意见 ask （sb.） for 请求 belong to 属于 leave for 出发去…… learn from 向……学习 laugh at 嘲笑 fill...with... 用……装满…… thank sb. for sth. 因某事感谢某人 remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事/某物 share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某事/某物 have an effect on sth. 对某事物有影响 prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 24 分类 示例 be+形容 词+介词 be afraid of 害怕…… be excited about对……感到兴奋 be pleased with对……感到满意 be sorry for 为……抱歉 be proud of为……感到自豪 be close to 接近…… be interested in 对……感兴趣 be far from 离……远 be famous/known for因……而出名 be full of充满…… be different from 与……不同 be strict with（sb.）对（某人）要求严 格 续表 25 分类 示例 介词+名 词 （短语） after a while 片刻之后 by the way 顺便说一下 for example 例如 on the other hand 另一方面 in total 总共 with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 in this way 用这种方法 to one’s surprise 使某人惊奇的是 with a smile 带着微笑 under pressure 处于压力之下 as a result 结果;因此 by accident/chance 偶然;意外地 in a hurry 匆匆忙忙 in turn 依次;轮流 续表 26 分类 示例 其他 at once 立刻 at first 首先 at last 最后 come up with 想到（主意、答案等） by the end of 到……末 at the foot of 在……脚下 in the east of 在……东部 on the top of 在……顶端 续表 27 考点2 短文填空基础练 1.Heavy rain from a hurricane can cause floods in areas that are not close ___ a coast. 2. _____ example, hola isn’t very different from “hello”. 3.A kid who doesn’t look you in the eye may not believe in himself, or he may be afraid ___ his elders. 4.If you are interested ___ kids’ body language, welcome to my corner. We will talk more about it from 8:00 p.m. ___ 9:00 p.m. on Monday. 5.They couldn’t understand why I wanted to live somewhere that was so cold and far ______ home. to For of in to from 28 6.She often says hello ___ me from her front garden when I come back home. 7.Mark asked his father ____ some help. 8.Also, he shows us how to learn ______ our mistakes. 9.People thought their pictures were full ___ imagination. 10. ____ first, Ann didn’t want to go and said no to her, explaining that they were no longer friends. 11.Next Friday is my sister Susie’s birthday, so she is busy getting ready ____ it. 12.It’s reported that, ___ general, cities with good public transportation systems have lower air pollution levels. 13.When you have joys, you can share them ______ your friends. 14.Scientists need to come up ______ new ways to solve the problem. to for from of At for in with with 29 15.The pollution has a bad effect ____ people’s health. 16.The scientist made an important discovery ____ accident while doing an experiment. 17.She left ___ a hurry and forgot her keys. on by in 18.—What’s your teacher like? —She is always strict ______ us. with 19.The heavy rain prevented us ______ going out. from 30 一、短文填空基础练 1.Because ___ their brave and quick actions, they saved the passengers on the bus. of 解析 固定短语because of意为“由于，因为”。故填of。 2.Why are these things red? There is a story _______ it. about 解析 分析句子结构及语境可知，此处缺少介词，表示“关于”，应用介词about。故填about。 3.She climbed ____ the mountain with her friends last weekend. 4.Last term, the school sports meet was held in September. I took part ___ the 200-meter race. 5.____ her 14th birthday, Lin received a heavy box with bamboo strips and silk from her grandfather, a master lantern maker. up in On 31 6.“I was with my wife, and we were ____ our way home,” said Wang. “All of a sudden, I heard a great noise and saw a car fall into the river.” on 7.—Hey, Tom, you are making noise. You should be polite ___ public. —Sorry, Mum. I’ve got it. in 8.Pictures about flowers and animals are put on windows, doors and walls ___ symbols of good wishes and good luck. 9.The doctor pushed his way _________ the crowd to help the dying old man. as through 解析 “push one’s way through...”是固定短语，意思是 “挤过；推开（人群等）” 。医生要去救 助那位奄奄一息的老人，需要从人群中挤过去，through符合语境。故填through。 32 10.Someone says life is _____ a mirror, and we get the best results when we smile at it. like 11.People invented Thanksgiving Day to be thankful for what they got, because no one could be happy or successful ________ the help of others. without 解析 结合常识可知，没有人能在没有他人帮助的情况下获得幸福或成功。without是介词，意为“没有； 缺乏”，符合语境。故填without。 33 二、短文填空综合练 （一） 阅读下面短文，用适当的介词填空。 Lucy is a student _1. ___ Grade 9. She manages her time wisely. Every morning, she makes some plans _2. _______ school starts. _3. _____ example, she decides to finish math homework before dinner and review English during breaks. Her room is always clean and tidy. She cleans her room every day. There is a desk _4. ___ her room. On the desk, books are _5. ___ order. There is an umbrella under the desk. She likes the tidy desk because it helps her focus better. in before For in in 34 Lucy also balances study and fun. When she feels tired, she listens _6. ___ soft music or does jumps _7. ____ five minutes. These small breaks refresh her mind. _8. _______ weekends, she often visits the library to borrow storybooks. Reading not only makes her feel relaxed but also improves her writing skills. Last month, she was praised _9. ____ the teacher. Why? Because she used creative ideas from those books _10. ___ her writing.#1.3 to for On/At by in （二） 阅读下面短文，用适当的介词填空。 Hi Cassie, I am _1. ___New Zealand, staying _2. ______ a very friendly family in the town of Westport. It’s quite a big house and my bedroom is _3. ____ the second floor. I like it because the bed is much bigger than the one _4. ___ my room _5. ___ home! _6. ____ the evenings, the family sometimes take me out. I usually go to bed quite early, sleep well and get up _7. ___ about 7:30 a.m. I’m enjoying myself a lot here, but I’m looking forward _8. ___ being home again on August 15th. Write soon! Lily in with on in at In at to 36 谢谢观看 37 $