Unit5 Section A Grammar Focus (4a-4c) 课件 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

Presentation Unit5 Power of Ideas Section A What changes can inventions bring to our lives? Grammar Focus(4a-4c) 语法课公开课 单元主题范畴:人与社会 单元主题内容:科技与发明,科技发展对人类社会的影响 (2024新版)人教版 九年级(上册) Presentation Learning Objectives 1.掌握一般现在时被动语态、一般过去时、含有情态动词的被动语态核心结构am/is/are done、was/were done,分清被动语态主语单复数对应的 be 动词变化规则,识别含情态动词的被动语态结构。(学习理解) 2.识别句子中的被动语态动词;熟练完成单句动词填空、语篇短文动词变形练习,区分主动语态与被动语态使用场景,提升语法填空答题准确度。(学习理解,应用实践) 3.结合 “青藏铁路” 话题,运用两种时态的被动语态描述工程建设、物品发明,读懂介绍伟大工程的短文,完成语篇填空,提升阅读理解、书面表达综合能力。(迁移创新) Presentation Look and say Welcome to the Invention Museum! Today you are young reporters.Your job is to introduce amazing inventions. Presentation Look and say Active: Edison invented the light bulb. Passive: The light bulb was invented by Edison. The Wright brothers invented the early biplane in 1903. The early biplane was invented by the Wright brothers in 1903. Karl Benz(卡尔・本茨)made the first vintage car(老式车). The first vintage car by Karl Benz. was made Scientists developed the early computer many years ago. The early computer by scientists many years ago. was developed Presentation Look and sing 被动语态的含义 Edison invented the light bulb. The light bulb was invented by Edison. Karl Benz made the first vintage car. The first vintage car was made by Karl Benz. Scientists developed the early computer many years ago. The early computer was developed by scientists many years ago. 主动语态 ( the active voice ) :主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态 ( the passive voice ) :主语是动作承受者。 Presentation Watch and fill I the song. The song by me. You the song. The songby you. Hethe drums. The drumsby him. Shethe song. The songby her. is sung play is played plays are played sings is sung sing Presentation Look and learn I sing the song. The song is sung by me. You play the song. The song is played by you. He plays the drums. The drums are played by him. She sings the song. The song is sung by her. 被动语态 主语是动作的执行者 主语是动作的承受者 主动语态 被动语态的含义 Presentation Watch and learn 1. 对应关系:英语被动语态对应中文的“被字句”,主动语态对应“把字句”。 2. 基本结构: be + 动词过去分词 ,表示“被……”。 3. 补充说明:若要引出动作的执行者,需在句末用介词 by + 人物 ,且 by 后接宾格形式。 被动语态 被动语态: be +done Presentation Read the sentences. Circle the verbs in the passive voice. 4a Read and circle A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses. The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself. Toys, chairs, tables, and even houses can all be made by the 3D printer. A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in 1901. am / are / is + 动词的过去分词 一般现在时的被动语态: 情态动词 + be+动词的过去分词 含情态动词的被动语态: was/were + 动词的过去分词 一般过去时的被动语态: 被动语态: be done Presentation Look and say 被动语态的含义 主语是动作的 主语是动作的 说明的关系 主语和谓语 语态 主动语态 被动语态 执行者 承受者 被动语态的谓语动词: 被动语态的句型结构: 注意: 助动词 be有的变化 人称、数和时态 主语 + be done + (by + 宾语) be done Presentation Look and say Koalas by European explorers long ago discovered were discovered Koalas are asocial animals. They alone most of the time. live are lived Koalas typically in the same tree, possibly for as long as a day. eat and sleep are eaten and slept Soft tree branches as beds by koalas are used used Presentation Look and say 被动语态的含义 未知动作执行者: 不知道是谁做的,或者无法明确指出“谁”做的。 My bike was stolen last night. (我的自行车昨晚被偷了,不知道小偷是谁。) Why do we use the passive voice? 无需强调执行者: 动作执行者显而易见、太泛泛(如 people、they、someone)或对于表达不重要,重点在动作/受事本身。 Rice is grown in the south. (南方种水稻,大家都知道是农民种的,不必说 by farmers。) Presentation Look and say 强调动作承受者:想把句子的焦点放在“受事”(被作用的事物/人)上,将其作为主语提前突出重要性。 The letter was written by Tom. (这封信是汤姆写的。——重点是“信”,不是汤姆。) Why do we use the passive voice? 客观性与学术写作:科技、新闻、报道、说明文中为保持中立、客观,避免露出主观的 we/you/I。 The experiment was conducted under strict conditions. (实验是在严格条件下进行的。) 被动语态的含义 Presentation Look and learn 被动语态的结构 am / are / is + 动词的过去分词 一般现在时的被动语态: 基本结构: 否定形式: 一般疑问句: 主语 + am / is / are + 动词过去分词 + 其他. 主语 + am / is / are + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他. Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他? We clean the classroom . 主语 谓语 宾语 The classroom us. 宾变主,主变宾 谓语换成be done形 施动者由by来引 is cleaned by Presentation Look and learn 被动语态的结构 was/were + 动词的过去分词 一般过去时的被动语态: 基本结构: 否定形式: 一般疑问句: 主语 + was / were + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他. 主语 + was / were + 动词过去分词 + 其他. Was / Were + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他? People built the bridge in 2000. 主语 谓语 宾语 people The bridge was built 宾变主,主变宾 原句时态定be形 施动者由by来引 其余成分仍不动 by Presentation Watch and learn 情态动词 + be+动词的过去分词 含情态动词的被动语态: Should auld acquaintance , 怎样忘记旧日朋友 And never brought to mind? 心中能不怀想 Should auld acquaintance 怎能忘记旧日朋友 And days of auld lang syne? 友谊地久天长 For auld lang syne, my dear, 亲爱的朋友,我们的友谊地久天长 For auld lang syne, 友谊地久天长 be forgot be forgot Presentation Look and learn 被动语态的结构 情态动词 + be+动词的过去分词 含情态动词的被动语态: 基本结构: 否定形式: 一般疑问句: 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 动词过去分词 + 其他. 主语 + 情态动词 + not + be + 动词过去分词 + 其他. 情态动词 + 主语 + be + 动词过去分词 + 其他? We must finish the work today. 主语 谓语 宾语 The work must be finished today. by 宾变主,主变宾 原句时态定be形 施动者由by来引 其余成分仍不动 us Presentation 过去分词的构成 Look and say 1. 规则变化(与动词过去式规则一样,此类称作规则动词) play walk use like study cry stop plan played played walked walked used used liked liked studied studied cried cried stopped stopped 一般情况下直接 + ed 以不发音e结尾的直接+ d planned planned 以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加-ed 以重读闭音节“辅元辅”结尾的, 双写末尾字母,再+ed Presentation 被动语态的构成 Look and say 2. 不规则变化(不规则动词) put cut read cost drink begin sing put put cut cut read read drank drunk began begun sang sung 原形、过去式、 过去分词拼写一致 原形(含字母i)—过去式(i变a)—过去分词(i变u) cost cost Presentation 被动语态的构成 Look and say 2. 不规则变化(不规则动词) try teach think bring tell catch tried tried taught taught brought brought told told thought thought caught caught 过去式和过去分词拼写一致 Presentation 被动语态的构成 Look and say 2. 不规则变化(不规则动词) know grow throw see write go knew known grew grown threw thrown saw seen went gone wrote written 原形(词尾为ow / aw)—过去式(词尾变ew)—过去分词(词尾变own) 其它特殊情况 Presentation Read and complete 4b Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 1.The telephone (invent) by Alexander Bell in 1876. 2.People all over the world (connect) to each other through the internet. 3.The word “robot” (introduce) for the first time in a play in 1920. 4.It wasn’t supposed to make such a loud noise when the button (press) to start the machine. 5.It is believed that the world’s oldest wheel (find) in Eastern Europe. was invented are connected was introduced was pressed was found 应该做某事 /s p z/ 车轮;轮子 /wi l/ be expected to happen 人们相信 / i st n/ adj. 东部的;东方的 Presentation Look and say 被动语态的结构 一般现在时态的被动语态 肯定句 主语 + am / is / are done +(by sb)+其他. 否定句 主语 + am / is / are not done +(by sb)+其他. 一般疑问句 Am / Is /Are +主语 + done +(by sb)+其他? Wh- 疑问句 疑问词+ am / is / are + 主语 + done +(by sb)+其他? Presentation Look and fill 将这些句子改为被动 Football by them on Sunday. 2.They often use computers in class. Computers by them in class. These machines by us in China. English as the first language by people in UK. 1.They play football on Sunday. 3.We make these machines in China. 4. People speak English as the first language in UK. is played are often used are made is spoken Presentation Look and say 被动语态的结构 一般过去时态的被动语态 肯定句 主语 + was/were done +(by sb)+其他. 否定句 主语 + was/were not done +(by sb)+其他. 一般疑问句 Was/Were +主语 + done +(by sb)+其他? 特殊疑问句 疑问词+ was/were + 主语 + done +(by sb)+其他? Presentation The tall building by them last year. His little brother by him yesterday. Our classroom by us just now. This room for resting by them. 1. They built the tall building last year. 2. He took good care of his little brother yesterday. 3.We cleaned our classroom just now. 4. They used this room for resting. was built was taken good care of was cleaned was used Look and fill 将这些句子改为被动 Presentation Look and learn 被动语态的易混点 注意事项Tips: 注意 事项类别 核心要点说明 例子 不能用于被动的动词 表示状态、拥有、适合等的动词 (如 have, fit, hold, cost, lack) 通常不用于被动语态。 The book is cost 20 yuan. The book costs 20 yuan 不及物动词/短语 本身无宾语的不及物动词 (如 happen, appear, rise, come, go) 及“系动词+表语”结构无被动。 The accident was happened yesterday. The accident happened yesterday. He is seemed tall. He seems tall. Presentation Look and learn 被动语态的易混点 注意事项Tips: 双宾语的被动转换 含双宾语(人<间接>+物<直接>) 的句子变被动时, 口诀: ①将间接宾语(人)变为主语, 直接宾语(物)不变。 ②将直接宾语(物)变为主语, 一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或for. (tell, ask, bring, write, give, send, show, teach, pass, lend, teach)…to (make,buy, draw, sing)…for I give my sister a pen. (改为被动语态) My sister was given a pen (by me). A pen was given to my sister (by me). Presentation 宾语补足语的处理 含省 to的不定式(使役 make/let/have、感官 see/hear)变被动时,必须还原 to。 He was made clean the room.(缺 to) He was made to clean the room. 主动表被动的特殊情况 1. be worth + doing(值得做) 2. sell/wash/write/read + 副词 (好卖/好洗等) 3. need/want/require + doing (需要被做) The book is worth being read. The book is worth reading. 时态与助动词一致性 被动结构为“be + 过去分词”,be动词需根据原句时态、人称、数进行变化,不可省略或错用。 The letter wrote by my father.(无 be) The letter was written by my father. by 短语的取舍 当动作执行者不明确、不重要、或显而易见时,通常省略 by 短语;强调施动者时才保留。 Rice is grown by people in the south.(累赘) Rice is grown in the south.(更地道) Look and learn 被动语态的易混点 Presentation 用所给词适当形式填空 1. Great changes (take) place in our town these years. 2. A nice gift (give) to me by my grandpa last birthday. 3. This magazine (sell) very well all over the world. 4. Many trees (plant) every spring in our school. 5. The news (appear) on TV yesterday afternoon. have taken was given sells are planted appeared Look and fill Presentation Watch and say Presentation Read and complete 4c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in brackets. Make a profile of the Qinghai–Xizang Railway. The Qinghai–Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. It (connect) Xining to Lhasa, a huge distance of 1,956 kilometres, and it is the highest railway in the world, reaching 5,072 metres above sea level at Tanggula Pass. The building of the railway was a great challenge. Creative ideas (need) to solve different problems. In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on, so pipes (use) to keep the ground hard. However, in some places, it was impossible to build the railway over the frozen ground, so tunnels had to (create) instead. In some other places, bridges (build) to keep the railway up above the ground. These bridges are animal-friendly and (allow) animals to pass under the tracks. As an important and successful project, the railway has (increase) tourism and economic development in the area. The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will help (improve) transport in other similar places in the world. connects were needed were used be created were built allow increased (to) improve v.获得;取得 / e n/ n.隧道;地下通道 / t nl/ n.层;表层 / le (r)/ v.(使)融化;逐渐消失 /melt/ n.管道;管子;烟斗 /pa p/ / fr zn/ adj. 冻硬的;冰封的 / t r z m/ n. 旅游业 / i k n m k/ adj. 经济的;经济学的 allow sb to do sth 桥梁允许动物通行 help (to) do sth 有助于做某事 Presentation Read and say 4c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in brackets. Make a profile of the Qinghai–Xizang Railway. The Qinghai–Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. It (connect) Xining to Lhasa, a huge distance of 1,956 kilometres, and it is the highest railway in the world, reaching 5,072 metres above sea level at Tanggula Pass. The building of the railway was a great challenge. Creative ideas (need) to solve different problems. In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on, so pipes (use) to keep the ground hard. However, in some places, it was impossible to build the railway over the frozen ground, so tunnels had to (create) instead. In some other places, bridges (build) to keep the railway up above the ground. These bridges are animal-friendly and (allow) animals to pass under the tracks. As an important and successful project, the railway has (increase) tourism and economic development in the area. The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will help (improve) transport in other similar places in the world. connects were needed were used be created were built allow increased (to) improve Basic Information Building challenges & creative ideas Impact Presentation Completed: Route: Distance: kilometres Highest point: metres above sea level Special feature: Building Challenges: 1. The frozen ground 2. In some places, it was impossible to Solutions: 1. Pipes were used to 2. Tunnels and bridges were Impact 1. Tourism and economic development have 2. The experience gained will help in 2006 Xining Lhasa 1,956 5,072 It is the highest railway in the world. would melt in summer and become too soft to build on to build the railway over the frozen ground keep the ground hard created increased in the area improve transport in other similar places in the world The Qinghai–Xizang Railway Fill and retell Presentation Look and retell Retell the passage according to the mind-map Imagine you are the train conductor of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. Introduce the Qinghai-Tibet Railway to all passengers. Presentation Why is the Qinghai-Xizang Railway regarded as an important national project? It shows the creativity of Chinese engineering and technology. It carries the Chinese cultural spirit of benefiting the public. The Qinghai-Xizang Railway turns impossibility into reality. We should carry on the spirit and try to create our own wonders. Look and say Presentation Listen and sing Presentation Look and say Presentation Class test 一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 The thick ice layer (melt) by the warm sun every spring. Many new roads and pipes (complete) last year in this town. The old wooden wheel (suppose) to be kept in the museum. A long dark tunnel (build) by workers many years ago. Great tourism development (gain) by this small mountain village every year. Those frozen food boxes (carry) all over the world every month. is melted were completed is supposed was built is gained are carried Presentation Class test 二、句型转换(主动 被动互换)。 People use wood to make many daily things.(改为被动语态) Wood to make many daily things by people. George Crum invented potato chips in 1853.(改为被动语态) Potato chips by George Crum in 1853. My mom woke me up early this morning.(改为被动语态) I up by my mom early this morning. Workers build lots of modern apartments every year.(改为被动语态) Lots of modern apartments every year. The little boy made this model rocket last night.(改为被动语态) This model rocket by the little boy last night. is used were invented was woken are built was made Presentation Class test The Qinghai-Xizang Railway is a great pride of China. It connects Xining to Lhasa and it (regard) as the highest railway in the world. In 2006, the great project (complete). Many hard problems (face) by Chinese engineers during the construction, such as frozen ground and high altitude. To protect the local environment and wild animals, special tunnels and animal-friendly bridges (build). With these designs, wild animals can (protect) well. The railway can (see) as a symbol of Chinese wisdom and courage. We should learn from Chinese engineers. They never give up and try their best to create great projects. As students, we need to keep working hard and carry forward their brave and creative spirits. is regarded was completed were faced were built be protected be seen 三、语法填空。 Presentation Must do: Copy three passive voice structures + 2 example sentences for each type. Read the conductor’s speech aloud with family. Choose to do: Write an 80-word short passage about the Qinghai-Xizang Railway, use at least two passive voices (mix past / present / modal passive). $I think the song, the song is so far in, so the song is really by you. 在创造黑白天。So but this is song. Song, so. 找到第八天。 英语中有两种语态，一个是主动语态，一个是被动语态。这样专业的术语大家可能不太好理解。其实说白了，这两个语态就是对应到中文中的把字句和被字句。比如说我吃这个鸡蛋，其实就是中文中的把字句，我把这个鸡蛋吃了，这种形式就叫主动语态。主动语态就是把字句，那被动语态说白了其实就是被字句。应该怎么说呢？倒过来说鸡蛋被我吃了，那被吃在英语中怎么表述呢？英语中用的是be动词加上这个动词过去分词的形式，这个结构放在一起就表示被，怎么样表被动？所以这里的被吃就是is加上is的过去分词eaten就从主动变成被动。但是大家会发现这样变过来之后，鸡蛋被我吃了，这个我为什么没说出来呢？这时候要注意了，英语的被动语态里面，如果你想把做这件事的这个人也表达出来的话，应该放在最后，不能直接说通过介词代表方式把人物加上by是个介词，后面接宾格，所以这里加上by me就把这句话完全的信息说出来了。英语被动语态要注意的核心就两个点。第一就是被迫怎么表达，叫be加过去分词。第二就是用介词by引出做这个事的人。就这两个核心，记住就能学会英语的两大仪态。 Should all the questions be going in back . to my? Should the great. 我让泪。 The chenghai design railway was completed in two thousand six. IT is connected from shining to lsa and is thought to be one of the highest railways in the world. Many hard chAllenges were faced during its construction. Creative ideas needed to be used to solve the problem of melting frozen ground. In some places, tunnels had to be created while special bridges were built. In other areas, these bridges are kept as animal friendly passages. Wild animals can be allowed to pass safely under the railway tracks. Now the railways widely used to push local tourism and economic growth, valuable experience should be learned from this great project, and similar skills can be shared to improve transport development around the world. 清晨，我站在青青的牧。看到身影披着那小狗，像一片祥云飞过来，为藏家儿女带来吉吉祥。黄昏，我站在高高的山岗。把铁路修到我家乡。一条条巨龙。为雪域高原送来爱。一条神奇的天路。也。到边疆，从此山不再高路不再漫长，各族儿女欢聚一堂。黄昏，我站在高高的山岗，看那铁路修到我家乡。一条条巨龙翻山越岭，为雪域高原送来安。是一条神奇的天路。人间天堂听歌就是忧愁会更加。幸福的歌声传遍四。是一条神奇的天路。情歌就所有会更加香甜。幸福的歌声传。幸福的歌声传。