Unit 5 Nature's Temper单元知识清单 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

2026人教版英语八下单元知识清单 Unit 5 Nature's Temper 话题：人与自然→ 灾害防范→ 自然灾害与防范措施，人身安全与自我保护 1、 必备单词 Section A： 1.temper n.脾气；怒气 2.earthquake n.地震 3. typhoon n.台风 4. wildfire n.野火 5.snowstorm n.雪暴；暴风雪 6.flood n.水灾；洪水 v.泛滥；淹没 7.drought n.久旱；旱灾 8.warn v.警告；提醒注意 9.wave n.波浪；波；挥手 v.挥手；挥舞 10.tsunami n.海啸 11. interview n.采访；面试 v.采访；对某人进行面试 12.possibly adv.可能；或许 13.report n.&v.汇报；报道 14. neighbourhood n.街区；临近的地方 15.roof n.屋顶；顶部 16.nearly adv.几乎；差不多；将近 17.trouble n.苦恼；困难 v.使忧虑、苦恼；劳驾；麻烦 18. relative n.亲戚；亲属 19.truck n.卡车 20. supply n.供应量；(pl supplies补给品 v.供应；供给 21. preparation n.准备工作；预备 22.power n.电力供应；能量；力量 23. soundly adv.(睡觉酣肠地；可靠地；完全彻底地 24. thick adj.厚的；浓密的 25. beat v. (beat, beaten 敲；打 26. hide v. (hid , hidden躲藏；隐蔽 27.tornado n.龙卷风；旋风 Section B： 1. worst adj.& adv.最坏的；最糟的 2.schoolgirl n.(学校的女生 3.froth n.泡；泡沫 4.refuse v.拒绝；退却 5.security n.安全；保安；保障 6.guard n.卫兵；保卫 v.保卫 7. nearby adj.附近的 adv.在附近 8.scream v.尖叫 9.thankfully adv.幸亏；感激地 10.knowledge n.知识；学问 11.thinking n.思考；想法 12. hero n.(pl. heroes英雄；男主角；偶像 13. landslide n.(山坡或悬崖的滑坡；塌方 14. safeguard v.保护；捍卫 n.安全设施 15.floodwater n.洪水 16. manpower n.劳动力；人力 17. heartbeat n.心跳声 18.rescue n.救援 v.援救；营救 19.heatwave n.热浪 20. since prep., adv. &. conj. 自···以后；从··以来 conj.既然；由于 21. southwestern adj.西南的；西南方向的 22.firefighter n.消防队员 23.volunteer n.志愿者；自告奋勇者 v.自愿做；义务做 24. terribly adv. 非常糟地；非常 25.alarm n.警报器；惊恐 26.review v.复习；回顾；复查 n.回顾；审查 27. sudden adj.突然的；骤然的 28.thunder n.雷；雷声 v.打雷；发出雷鸣般响声 29.usual adj.通常的；寻常的 30.rainstorm n.暴风雨 31.unlucky adj.不幸的；不顺利的；不吉利的 32. rainy adj.阴雨的；多雨的 (注：本书“必备单词”中，黑体词为要求掌握的词汇，其余单词为接触词汇 2、 单词变形小结 1. prepare v. 准备→ preparation n. 准备工作；prepared adj. 有准备的 2. safe adj. 安全的→safety n. 安全；safely adv. 安全地 3. danger n. 危险→ dangerous adj. 危险的；dangerously adv. 危险地 4. frighten v. 使害怕→ frightened adj. 感到害怕的；frightening adj. 令人害怕的 5.rescue v./n. 救援→ rescuer n. 救援者 6.luck n. 运气→ lucky adj. 幸运的；luckily adv. 幸运地 7.flood n. 水灾:洪水:v.泛滥:淹没→flooding n.洪水:泛滥→flooded adj.被淹没的;充斥的 8.warn v.警告;提醒注意→warning n.警告;警示→warned adj.受到警告的 9.wave n.波浪;波;挥手;v.挥手;挥舞→waving adj.波浪状的;挥手的 10.interview n.采访:面试:v.采访:对(某人进行面试→interviewer n.面试官;采访者 一interviewee n.被面试者;被采访者 11.possibly adv.可能;或许→possible ad.可能的;潜在的→possibility n.可能性;可能发生的事 12.report n.&v.汇报;报道→reporter n.记者;报道者 13.neighbourhood n.街区;临近的地方→neighbour n.邻居;邻人→neighbouring adj.邻近的;附近的 14.nearly adv.几乎;差不多;将近→near adj.近的;adv.接近;prep.靠近 15.trouble n.苦恼;困难;v.使忧虑;苦恼;劳驾;麻烦→troublesome adj.麻烦的;讨厌的 一troubled adj.焦虑的;有麻烦的 16.volunteer n.志愿者;自告奋勇者;v.自愿做;义务做→voluntary adj.自愿的;志愿的17.terribly adv.非常糟地;非常 → terrible adj.可怕的;糟糕的→ terror n.恐惧;恐怖 →terrifying adj.令人恐惧的 18.alarm n.警报(器;惊恐;v.使惊恐;向……报警→ alarmed adj. 惊恐的;受惊的→ alarming adj.令人担忧的;惊人的 19.review v.复习;回顾;复查;n.回顾;审查-reviewer n.评论者;审查者→reviewable adj可回顾的;可审查的 20.sudden adj.突然的;骤然的→suddenly adv.突然地;骤然地 21.thunder n.雷;雷声;v.打雷;发出雷鸣般响声→ thunderous adj.雷鸣般的;响亮的 22..usual adj.通常的;寻常的→usually adv.通常;平常→unusual adj.不寻常的;特别的23.unlucky adj.不幸的;不顺利的;不吉利的→ lucky adj.幸运的;侥幸的(反义词→luck n.运气;幸运→luckily adv.幸运地 24.rainy adj.阴雨的;多雨的→rain n.雨;雨水;v.下雨→rainfall n.降雨量;降雨 3、 高频短语 1. do chores 做家务 2.make preparations 作准备 3. go out 熄灭 4. warn sb of sth 警告某人某事 5. beat against 拍打 6. instead of 代替；而不是 7. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 8. security guard 保安人员 9. except for 除··.之外 10. as soon as 一..就... 11. put out 扑灭 12. alarm clock 闹钟 13. wake up 醒来 14. go off(警报器等)突然发出巨响 15. all of a sudden 突然；猛地 16. by the time 到···的时候 17. out of breath 上气不接下气 18. as a result 因此 19.go wrong 出现问题；发生故障；搞错 20.sweep through 席卷；横扫 21.rush to 冲向；急忙做 22.stay inside 待在室内 23.take care of 照顾；处理 第 3 页 共 6 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 4、 重点句型 （一）描述过去灾难发生时正在做的事（过去进行时 + when/while） Sb. was/were + 动词 - ing（持续动作）+ when + Sb. did + 动词原形（短暂动作 / 灾难发生）. 例：Xinyi’s family were having dinner when her neighbour called about the flood. Kate was doing homework when the earthquake shook the building. 变式：While Sb. was/were + 动词 - ing（持续动作）, Sb. did + 动词原形（短暂动作/ 灾难发生）. 例：While Jiaming was doing chores, the earthquake took them by surprise. （二）说明自然灾害的影响与应对措施 [Natural disaster] + 动词（e.g., hit/break/cause）+ 影响（e.g., damage/floods/deaths）. People should + 应对措施（e.g., stay inside/make preparations）. 例 ：The typhoon hit the coast and caused floods. People should stay inside and avoid traveling. The wildfire caused damage to the forest. Firefighters should put it out quickly. 变式 ：To deal with [natural disaster], people can + 具体措施（e.g., store food/cover windows）. 例：To deal with a typhoon, people can cover windows and store emergency supplies. （三）描述灾难发生前后的时间顺序 Before [natural disaster], Sb. + 事 前 动 作 （ e.g., made preparations/ignored warnings）. During the disaster, Sb. + 事中动作（e.g., hid/helped others）. After the disaster, Sb. + 事后动作（e.g., cleaned up/helped the hurt）. 例 ：Before the typhoon, Haitao’s family covered windows. During the typhoon, they stayed inside. After the typhoon, they helped clean the neighbourhood. Before the tsunami, Tilly noticed strange waves. During the tsunami, people ran to safety. After the tsunami, everyone thanked Tilly for warning them. （四）表达对灾难的感受与看法 [Natural disaster] was + 形容词（e.g., frightening/awful/dangerous）. It made people + 感受（e.g., scared/worried/thankful）because + 原因（e.g., it destroyed houses/it brought people closer）. 例 ：The tornado was frightening. It made people scared because it nearly blew off the roof. The typhoon was awful. It made Lisa worried because her house was flooded, but she was thankful no one was hurt. （五）强调知识与准备的重要性 Thanks to + 因素（e.g., knowledge/preparations/warnings）, Sb. was able to + 积极结果（e.g., save lives/stay safe/avoid danger）. 例 ：Thanks to Tilly’s geography knowledge, she was able to warn people about the tsunami. Thanks to their preparations, Haitao’s family was able to stay safe during the typhoon. （六）What were you doing when the typhoon hit? I was reading with my children.（台风登陆时你在做什么？我正在和孩子们读书。） 解析：此句用 “过去进行时（was/were + doing）+ when + 一般过去时” 结构，描述 “过去某一短暂动作（台风登陆）发生时，另一持续动作（读书）正在进行” ，是单元核心语法用法，高频用于描述灾害发生时的场景。仿写：—What were you doing when the earthquake started? —I was having dinner with my family. （七）While we were driving home, the strong winds started.（我们正开车回家时，强风开始了。） 解析：“while” 引导时间状语从句，后接过去进行时，表 “两个持续动作同时发生”；主句用一般过去时，表 “较短动作突然发生”，单元 3a 对话中用于描述台风中的突发情况。仿写：While I was waiting for the bus, it started to rain heavily. （八）Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives.（多亏了她的知识和快速反应，一个女学生拯救了 100 多人的生命。） 解析：“thanks to” 表 “ 多亏；由于”，后接名词短语，用于说明灾害中成功救援的原因；“ be able to” 表 “ 能够”，强调通过努力实现的结果，单元 B 部分用于赞扬蒂莉的行为。仿写：Thanks to the neighbours’ help, we moved our things to safety before the flood came. （九） It was raining hard while we were driving back, and we almost got into an accident. （我们开车返回时雨下得很大，我们差点出车祸。） 解析：“it was raining hard” 描述灾害中的天气状况，“while” 引导从句表持续动作，“almost got into an accident” 表突发危险，整体用于还原灾害中的紧张场景，单元 3a 对话中高频出现。仿写：It was snowing heavily while we were walking home, and we could hardly see the road. 5、 知识点归纳 1、 Xinyi was warning a neighbour /having dinner欣怡正在警告邻居/吃晚饭。（教材第 42页1c) 【详解】warn[动词]警告；提醒注意 常用于提示他人潜在的危险、风险或注意事项。常见用法： ①warn sb about /of sth 警告/提醒某人注意 ②warn sb against sb/sth 提醒某人注意；使某人警惕 …… ③warn sb(not) to do sth 提醒/警告某人（不要）做某事 »I tried to warn him, but he wouldn't listen. 我设法提醒过他，可他就是不听。 » His father warned him about the weather when he went out. 他出去的时候，他的父亲提醒他注意天气。 » His mother warned him of the danger. 他的母亲警告过他有危险。 » The man warned us against pickpockets at the station. 那个人提醒我们在车站提防小偷。 » The guidebook warns the visitors not to walk alone at night. 这本旅游指南告诫游客不要在夜间单独行走。 【拓展】 warning [名词] 警告；警戒；警示 » There are warnings in many dangerous places. 许多危险的地方都会有警示。 2、A window in the man's house broke,and the roof nearly came off.一个男人房子里的一扇窗户破了，屋顶几乎脱落。（教材第 43页2c) 【详解】nearly[副词]几乎；差不多；将近 与 almost 同义，可修饰数词、形容词等。固定搭配 not nearly 意为“远非；绝不是”。 » There are nearly four hundred students in our school. 我们学校有差不多 400 个学生。 »The car is pretty nearly new.这辆汽车几乎是全新的。 » We've saved some money, but it's not nearly enough. 我们存了一些钱,不过远远不够。 【辨析】nearly 与 almost nearly 前可用 very、pretty 等词修饰，但 almost 前不可以用这些词修饰 almost 可用于 any 以及 no、none、nobody、nothing、never 等否定词之前，而 nearly 不能用于否定词之前 »He very nearly died. 他差点丧命。 »I almost never see her. 我几乎从未见过她。 3.Did you have any trouble during the typhoon?台风期间你遇到什么麻烦了吗？（教材第 43页 2d) 【详解】trouble ①[名词] 苦恼；困难 常用短语：(be)in trouble 处于困境中 get into trouble 陷入困境，造成麻烦 have trouble with.在..方面有困难 have trouble (in) doing sth = have problems(in) doing sth 做某事有困难 »If you don't study, you'll be in trouble. 如果你不学习，你会有麻烦的。 »The kids always get into trouble when they're alone. 孩子们单独待着时总惹麻烦。 »She has trouble (in) sleeping at night. 她晚上睡不着。 ②[动词] 使忧虑、苦恼；劳驾；麻烦 »I'm sorry to trouble you. 对不起，打扰你了。 4.When Jenny looked up, thick black clouds were forming in the sky, and the rain was beating against their roof.珍妮抬头看的时候，厚厚的乌云正在天空聚集，雨水正拍打着他们的屋顶。（教材第 45页4c) 【详解】beat[动词] 敲；打 beat 的过去式和过去分词分别为 beat、beaten。 »The rain beat heavily on the window. 雨猛烈地敲打窗户。 【拓展】 beat [动词] 击败；战胜后面通常接人或团队作宾语。 »We beat the strongest team in the football match. 我们在足球比赛中击败了最强的队。 【辨析】beat 与 win beat 意为“击败；战胜” ，其后的宾语是人，表示一方赢了另一方 win 意为“赢得” ，其后的宾语不是竞争对手，而是比赛、战斗、奖品、名次等 »Mary beat Jim and won first place. 玛丽战胜了吉姆，获得了第一名。 »They won the football match. 他们赢得了足球比赛。 5.Dad gave her some chocolate and told her that they were hiding from an angry lion.爸给了她一些巧克力，并告诉她他们正在躲避一只愤怒的狮子。（教材第 45页4c) 【详解】hide [动词] 躲藏；隐蔽 其过去式为 hid,过去分词为 hidden。 常用搭配：hide from sb/sth“躲避某人/某物”。 »Emily hid behind the door. 埃米莉躲在了门后。 »The cat hid from the dog under the bed. 猫躲在床下避开狗。 6. What is the worst natural disaster you know?你所知道的最糟的自然灾害是什么？（教材第46 页1a) 【详解】worst ①[形容词] 最坏的；最糟的 是 bad 的最高级，其比较级为 worse。表示三者或以上中“最差的” ，常用结构为 “the worst+名词”。 » Typhoons are the worst natural disasters here. 台风是这里最糟的自然灾害。 ②[副词]最坏；最糟 worst 为 badly 的最高级，其比较级为 worse。 » He sang worst in the competition. 他在比赛中唱得最差。 7. However,Tilly refused to take a single step further. 蒂莉拒绝再往前走一步。（教材第46页1b) 【详解】refuse[动词]拒绝；退却 常见用法：refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 » She refused the job offer. 她拒绝了那份工作聘请。 » He refused to answer the question. 他拒绝回答这个问题。 8.Except for her mother ,the rest of her family returned to the hotel.除了她妈妈，蒂莉一家人都回到了酒店。（教材第 46页1b) 【详解】except for 除···之外 » The walls were bare except for a clock. 墙上除了一个挂钟什么也没有。 【辨析】except for, except,besides 与 but except for 除...之外 表示对整体的肯定，对局部的否定。起部分修正作用 except 除...之外(没有) 表示一种排除关系，有“减去”之意除··之外 besides 除...以外(还有) 表示一种累加关系，有“加上”之意 but 除...以外 和 except 用法基本相同，但强调整句的内容 » The room is clean except for a few books on the floor. 除了地板上有几本书外,房间很干净。 » All students passed the exam except Tom. 除了汤姆，所有的学生都通过了考试。（汤姆没有通过） » Another two boys were there besides Bill. 除比尔外,还有两个男孩在那里。(包含比尔在内) » She could do nothing but cry. 她除了哭什么也做不了。 9.In August 2022,China experienced a great heatwave,the worst since 1961.8月，中国经历了自2022年以来最严重的热浪。（教材第48页2C） 【详解】since ① [介词] &. [副词] &. [连词] 自···以后；从·...以来 » I have read the book five times since two years ago. 两年以来，我已经把这本书读了五遍了。 ② [连词] 既然；由于 » Since this method doesn't work, let's try another. 既然这种方法行不通,我们来试试别的方法吧。 » He didn't come since he was busy. 他因为忙，所以没有来。 10. First my alarm clock didn’t go off,so I woke up late and had to rush to the bus stop.首先，我的闹钟没有响，所以我醒晚了，不得不冲到公共汽车站。（教材第49 页3a) 【详解】go off(警报器等)突然发出巨响 The thieves ran away when the alarm went off. 警报器一响，小偷都逃走了。 【拓展】go off 的其他常用含义 ①离开；动身 ②(食物、饮料)变质；变坏 ③(电)断掉；（灯）熄灭 » He went off early this morning. 他今天一大早就离开了。 » Meat goes off quickly in hot weather. 肉在热天变质得快。 » While we were there, the light went off suddenly. 我们在那里的时候，灯突然灭了。 11.As a result,she said we weren’t having a test after all!得知结果，她说我们不用考试了！（教材第49 页3a) 【详解】as a result 因此 ；常位于句首，其后接逗号。 It rained heavily. As a result, the football match was cancelled. 雨下得很大。因此，足球比赛被取消了。 【辨析】as a result 与 as a result of as a result 副词短语，意为“因此；结果” ，常用于引出结果，位于句首，用逗号与句子其他部分隔开 as a result of 短语介词，意为“由于；因为” ，相当于 because of,后跟名词、代词、名词性短语等 »I got up late today. As a result, I was late for school. 我今天起床晚了。结果,我上学迟到了。 » I was late for school as a result of getting up late. 由于起床晚了,我上学迟到了。 6、 重点语法 过去进行时 一、语法概述 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，其基本结构为“was/were+动词-ing形式”。 二、过去进行时的基本句式 句式 构成 例句 肯定句 主语+ +其他 The girl was shopping when I saw her. 否定句 主语+ +其他 The girl wasn’t shopping when I saw her. 一般疑问句 ___________ +主语+ ___________ +其他？ —Was the girl shopping when I saw her? —Yes, she was. No, she wasn’t. 肯定回答 Yes, 主语+ ______/______. 否定回答 No, 主语+ ______/______. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+ was/were +主语+动词-ing形式+其他？ What was the girl doing when I saw her? 三、过去进行时的基本用法 用法 时间标志 表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作 常用时间状语：this morning, the whole morning/night, all day yesterday, all night, from 10:00 to 12:00 yesterday, in those days等 表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作 常用时间状语：at that time, at this time yesterday, at 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon等 表示过去某个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行 与when引导的时间状语从句连用（主句用 时，从句用 时） 与while引导的时间状语从句连用（主句用 时，从句用 时） 表示过去某两个延续性动作同时进行 多与while引导的时间状语从句连用 Eg.I was watching TV the whole night. 整个晚上我都在看电视。 Miss Li was shopping at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候李小姐正在购物。 The students were reading when the teacher came in. 老师进来时学生们正在读书。 While he was reading, the telephone rang. 他正在看书时电话铃响了。 I was cleaning my bedroom while my mother was cooking. 我打扫卧室的时候妈妈在做饭。 四、过去进行时的特殊用法 用法 示例 与go, come, leave, start等瞬间动词连用时，过去进行时表示过去即将发生的动作 She was leaving for Shanghai then. 那时候她就要动身去上海了。 He said the early bus was coming. 他说早班车就要来了。 与always, often等频度副词连用时，表示对过去某件事的埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱，并不强调动作正在进行 The baby was always crying. 那个婴儿总是哭。（表示抱怨） Why were you always getting up late last week? 你上周怎么老是起床很晚？（表示埋怨） 【即学即用】 一、句型转换，每空一词。 1.The girl was talking with her classmates. Her mother called her. (合并为一句) The girl ________ ________ with her classmates ________ her mother ________ her. 2.David was writing a report at ten yesterday morning.(改为否定句) David ________ ________ a report at ten yesterday morning. 3.The children were laughing loudly at that time.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答) 　________ the children ________ loudly at that time?  Yes, ________ ________.　　　　　　　　. 4.We were waiting for the bus at the time of the rainstorm.(对画线部分提问)  　________ ________ you ________ at the time of the rainstorm? 5.They took a walk in the park yesterday.(用at 7:00 yesterday evening改写句子) They ________ ________ a walk in the park at 7:00 yesterday evening. 二、根据汉语意思及英文提示翻译句子 1.昨天下午三点半,我们正在上音乐课。(lesson) __________________________________________________________________. 2.当我看到他的时候,他正在给他的妈妈打电话。(saw, calling) __________________________________________________________________. 3.昨天晚上七点,他们正在家里看电视。(watching) __________________________________________________________________. 7、 写作训练 写作主题：A Terrible Natural Disaster I Experienced（我经历过的一次可怕自然灾害） 【写作任务】 1. 描述一次你经历过的自然灾害（如台风、暴雨、地震），明确灾害类型、发生时间及场景； 2. 详细说明灾害发生时你的动作、感受及应对方法； 3. 字数不少于 80 词，正确使用过去进行时（was/were + doing）和单元核心词汇（如 typhoon、 prepare、warn 等）。 【谋篇布局】 【写作模板】 【范文欣赏】 【实战演练】 以 “A Terrible Natural Disaster I Experienced” 为题，写一篇短文，描述你经历过的一次自然灾害（如台风、暴雨），包含 “灾害背景 — 过程与应对 — 感受收获”，字数 80-100 词，需使用过去进行时和单元核心词汇（如 typhoon、prepare、warn 等）。 $