2026年中考英语二轮复习语法专项突破课件:专题十二动词的时态和语态

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专题十二 动词的时态和语态 学前自测 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. (2025·云南中考改编)The film Ne Zha 2 is worth seeing.I ⁠ (see) it three times so far. 2. (2025·江西中考改编)—Lisa, your shoes are dirty. —Oh, just leave them there, Mom.I (wash) them with my clothes. have seen  will wash  3. (2025·甘肃白银中考改编)—Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken.What happened? —Sorry, dear.I don’t know.I (cook) in the kitchen then. 4. (2025·黑龙江中考改编)—How long has she (have) the science book? I want to borrow it from her. —For nearly three weeks.I think she might have finished reading it. was cooking  had  5. (2025·安徽中考改编)—The robots (race) each other to the finish line. —How exciting! Our robot is going to win. 6. (2025·四川达州中考改编)—World Animal Day is on October 4th every year. —Many activities (hold) to improve the relationship between humans and animals this day. 7. Hurry up!Dad (wait) for us outside.He will drive us to the fun park. are racing  are held  is waiting  8. Tom is helpful.He often (help) his parents do housework at home. 9. It is said that potato chips (invent) by mistake about a hundred years ago. helps  were invented  思维·考点突破 启思维·破考点 动词的时态   动词主要表示动作, 其次表示状态。动作和状态的发生有一定的 时间和表现形式, 这就是动词的时态。 1. 一般现在时 (1)基本结构 句式 动词为系动词be 动词为实义动词 肯定句 主语+am/is/are+其他. 主语+动词原形+其他. 否定句 主语+am not/isn’t/aren’t+ 其他. 主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词 原形+其他. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are+主语+其他? Do/Does+主语+动词原形+ 其他? (2)用法 用法 例句 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在 的状态 I often go to school by bike. 我 经常骑自行车去上学。 表示按时间表或计划要发生的动 作, 常用于go,arrive,leave, start,begin等短暂性动词 The train leaves at 7:30 in the morning. 火车在早上七点半发 车。 用法 例句 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 条件状语从句中, if从句用一般现在 时, 主句用一般将来时(主将从 现) If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the park.如果明天 下雨, 我们将不去公园。 标志词:always总是,usually通常,often经常,sometimes有时, never从不,every day每天,twice a week一周两次等 2. 一般过去时 (1)基本结构 句式 动词为系动词be 动词为实义动词 肯定句 主语+was/were+ 其他. 主语+动词过去式+其他. 否定句 主语+was/were+ not+其他. 主语+did not (didn’t)+动词原形+其他. 一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+ 其他? Did+主语+动词原形+其他? 特殊疑问句 疑问词+was/were +主语+其他? 疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他? (2)用法 用法 例句 表示过去的某个时间内 发生的动作或存在的状 态 I got up at six this morning. 今天早上我6点就 起床了。 表示过去的习惯或过去 经常发生的动作 When I was in the countryside, I often listened to music under the tree. 我在乡下 时, 常常在树下听歌。 用法 例句 since引导的从句, 主 句若用现在完成时, 从句要用一般过去时 He has worked in the factory since it opened in 1990.自从1990年这家工厂开办以来, 他就 在这里工作。 标志词:yesterday昨天,the day before yesterday前天,last week上星 期,two days ago两天前,in 2001在2001年,just now刚才等 3. 一般将来时 (1)基本结构 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 主语+ will/shall+动 词原形+其 他. 主语+ will/shall+not +动词原形+ 其他. Will/Shall+主 语+动词原形 +其他? 疑问词+will/shall+ 主语+动词原形+其 他? 主语+be going to+动 词原形+其 他. 主语+be not going to+动词 原形+其他. Be+主语+ going to+动词 原形+其他? 疑问词(非主语)+ be+主语+going to+ 动词原形+其他? (2)用法 用法 例句 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 We will fly to London tomorrow. 明天我们将乘坐飞机去伦敦。 当主语是I或we时, 问句中一般使 用shall, 表示征求对方意见 Where shall we meet tomorrow? 明天我们要在哪里会面? 用法 例句 “be going to+动词原形”表示计 划、打算做某事, 常指已经决定 的、很可能发生的事或有某种迹象 表明要发生的事 —What are you going to do next Sunday?你下周日打算做什 么? —I am going to visit Beijing. 我 打算去参观北京。 用法 例句 be doing表示即将发生或安排好要做 的事情, 常用的动词有go,come, leave,arrive,start,begin等 We are leaving for New York. 我 们将动身前往纽约。 “be about to+动词原形”表示即将 发生的动作 The new school year is about to begin. 新学年即将开始。 标志词:tomorrow明天,the day after tomorrow后天,tomorrow morning明天早上,next week下周,in two hours两个小时以后,soon 不久以后,later on稍后等 (3)be going to和will的区别: be going to will 指已计划好的事或思考过的意 图、打算,如:I’m going to see him tomorrow. 我打算明天 去看他。(事先经过思考) 表示未事先思考或未计划而临时做 出的决定,如:I’ll answer the door. 我去开门。(未事先考虑) 客观迹象表明马上要发生的 事,如:Look at the clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看 看这些云, 暴风雨就要来了。 (客观迹象表明要发生) 说话者的主观意愿:I hope it will be warm tomorrow. 我希望明天会暖和 起来。(主观意愿) be going to will 含有条件状语从句的复合句的主句 中一般用will,如:I will come if it doesn’t rain. 如果不下雨的话, 我 就来。 4. 现在进行时 (1)基本结构 肯定句 主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词+其他. 否定句 主语+am not/isn’t/aren’t+动词现在分词+其他. 一般疑 问句 Am/Is/Are+主语+动词现在分词+其他? (2)用法 用法 例句 表示此时此刻正在进行的 动作 —What are you doing?你在做什么? —I’m reading English. 我在读英语。 表示现阶段正在进行的动 作或持续的状态 They are studying hard this term. 这个学 期他们一直很努力学习。 come,go,leave,arrive, start等动词用现在进行时表 示将来 The bus is coming soon. 公共汽车不久就 会来了。 用法 例句 在while(当……时候)引 导的状语从句中, 动词通 常要用进行时 While you are sitting on the grass, I’ll read you the novel. 当你坐在草地上时, 我会给你读小说。 标志词:now, at the moment,look,listen等 5. 过去进行时 (1)基本结构 肯定句 主语+was/were+动词现在分词+其他. 否定句 主语+was/were+not+动词现在分词+其他. 一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+动词现在分词+其他? 特殊疑问句 疑问词+was/were+(主语+)现在分词+其 他? (2)用法 用法 例句 表示在过去的某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态 —What were you doing this time yesterday?昨天这个时候你在做什么? —I was watching TV. 我在看电视。 用法 例句 表示一个过去的动作发生时或发 生之后, 另一个过去的动作正在 进行;也可以用来表示过去一段 时间内持续发生的动作 When I was watering in the garden, it suddenly began to rain. 当我在花 园里浇水时, 突然开始下雨了。 We were expecting you yesterday.我 们昨天一直在等你。 表示两个过去的动作同时进行, 这时可用连词while连接 I was doing homework while my mother was cooking. 我在做作业 时, 我妈妈在煮饭。 标志词:at that time那时,at this time yesterday昨天的这个时候,the whole afternoon整个下午,at nine yesterday昨天九点钟,when/while 引导的时间状语从句等 6. 现在完成时 (1)基本结构 肯定句 主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他. 否定句 主语+haven’t/hasn’t+动词过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句及 简略答语 —Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他? —Yes, 主语+have/has. (肯定)/No, 主语+ haven’t/hasn’t. (否定) 特殊疑问句 疑问词+have/has+(主语+)过去分词+其他? (2)用法 用法 时间状语 例句 表示过去发生或完 成的动作对现在造 成的影响或结果 already,yet,ever,never, just,before,so far,by now等 I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了。 表示从过去某一时 间开始并一直持续 到现在(包括“现 在”)的动作或状 态(动作未完成) for+一段时间,since+过去的时间点,since+一段时间+ago,since+从句(since从句用一般过去时, 主句用现在完成时),in the last/past year 等 I have lived in London since 2017. 自从2017 年以来, 我就 生活在伦敦。 注意:当现在完成时与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时, 谓语动词必 须使用延续性动词, 应将短暂性动词转化为延续性动词。常见的短暂 性动词与延续性动词的转换如下:marry→be married, leave→be away, borrow/lend→keep, die→be dead, arrive in/at/reach/get to→be in, buy→have, come back→be back, fall/become asleep/ill→be asleep/ill 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. (2025·河南中考)In order to learn how to paint landscapes(风景) Wu followed a great painter and he (travel) to many places with mountains and rivers. 2. A good friend will cheer you up when you are (have) a bad day. travelled  having  3. Nowadays, some parts of the Red Flag Canal are open to tourists.Every year thousands of students (visit) the Red Flag Canal Museum. 4. Even if you learn something well, you (forget) it unless you use it. 5. Mary took a photo of her baby daughter while she ⁠ (sleep) , and posted it on her blog. 6. My hometown (change) a lot in the past 20 years. 7. —Jim, could you please answer the question? —Sorry, I wasn’t (listen).Could you say it again? visit  will forget  was sleeping  has changed  listening  被动语态的用法   语态是动词的一种形式, 表示主语与谓语动词之间的逻辑关 系, 分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动 词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示 的动作的承受者。 1. 各种时态和含情态动词的被动语态 时态 被动语态 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are+动词过去分词 The room is cleaned (by her) every day. 房间每天都(由她)打扫。 一般过去时 was/were+动词过去分词 My car was stolen last night. 我的车 昨晚被偷了。 时态 被动语态 例句 一般将来时 will/shall(第一人称)+be+动词过去分词 Some trees will be planted this week. 本周将会种一些树。 现在完成时 have/has been+动词过去分词 The task has been finished by them. 任 务已经被他们完成了。 含情态动词 情态动词+be+动词过去分词 Wasted paper shouldn’t be thrown here. 废纸不应该被扔在这里。 2. 主动语态变被动语态的方法 【注意】主动语态中有些感官动词(如hear,see,watch,notice等) 和使役动词(如make,let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,变 为被动语态时,要把不定式符号to还原。如: hear/see sb. do sth. →sb. be heard/seen to do sth.;make sb. do sth. →sb. be made to do sth. 3. 使用被动语态的情况 (1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。如: Rice is grown in the south of China. 中国南方种植水稻。 (2)没有必要指出动作的执行者。如: Smoking isn’t allowed in the gas station. 加油站里不允许吸烟。 (3)需要强调和突出动作的承受者。如: The new machine was invented by a young worker. 这台新机器是一个年 轻的工人发明的。 (4)句子的主语是物。如: Many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房屋被洪水冲走了。 4. 主动结构表示被动意义的情况 (1)open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, watch, cut, burn, drive等词作不及物动词时,当它们的主语为物时,可用主动结构表示 被动意义。如: This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 (2)look, sound, taste, smell等感官动词用主动结构表示被动意 义。如: Mooncakes taste very delicious. 月饼尝起来很好吃。 (3)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动意义。如: This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 (4)want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require+to be done。to be done为不定式的被动结构。如: Your car needs washing. =Your car needs to be washed. 你的汽车需要 清洗了。 用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空 1. (2025·江苏连云港中考改编)The mini-programme “Clear Plate” is popular among young people.It (design) to help deal with food waste. 2. (2025·福建中考改编)China’s Beijing Library ⁠ (name) “Public Library of the Year” in 2024. is designed  was named  3. (2025·黑龙江绥化中考改编)My father is too tired. Something should (do) to keep him relaxed. 4. (2025·黑龙江中考改编)AI tools will (use) in more fields in the future. 5. The boy cried because the money was (need) to pay for the medical treatment of his sick mother. be done  be used  needed  诊断·语法过关 悟好题·过语法 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. My washing machine (control) by my smartphone when I’m not at home. 2. It usually (take) about eight minutes for the light to travel from the sun to the earth. 3. It’s said that an airport (build) in my city in the future. is controlled  takes  will be built  4. Our classroom is clean and bright.It (clean) by us every day. 5. Every Monday morning, there would be a special show in her class and one student would be (choose) to make a speech about his or her dream. 6. The teacher was (explain) the problem when a student raised his hand. 7. —Where is Helen? —I’m not sure.Maybe she (have) her baseball lesson. is cleaned  chosen  explaining  is having  8. The photos are beautiful.I wonder where they ⁠ (take). 9. I (study) English for three years and I still need to practice more. 10. They (play) football on the playground at this time yesterday. were taken  have studied  were playing  二、完成句子 1. ——海伦在哪里? ——我不确定。也许她正在上棒球课。 —Where is Helen? —I’m not sure. Maybe she her baseball lesson. 2. 自从计算机被引入学校以来,它们对学习方法产生了很大的影响。 Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they into schools. 3. 他的新书将在明年出版。 His new book will next year. is  having  were  introduced  come  out  4. 昨天一整天都在下雨,他们只好待在家里。 all day yesterday, so they had to stay at home. 5. 我在等一个朋友。恐怕我要晚点点餐。 I’m waiting for a friend. I’m afraid I later. 6. 为了使环境更好,明年将种植更多的树。 To make the environment much better, more trees will next year. 7. 我已经读了这本书的几页。我将尽可能快地完成剩余部分。 I a few pages of the book. I will finish the rest as quickly as possible. It  rained  will  order  be  planted  have  read  8. 暴风雨来临的时候,亚历克斯和他的朋友们正在爬山。 Alex with his friends the mountains at the time of the rainstorm. 9. 如果你完成你的家庭作业,你妈妈将会让你出去。 If you finish your homework, your mother you go out. 10. 我想知道你现在能否帮我们。 I whether you can help us now. was  climbing  will  allow  am  wondering  三、语篇填空(语法综合练) What kind of shoes do you wear most? Perhaps leather (皮制的) shoes or sports shoes. But in ancient China, many people 1. ⁠ (make) their own cloth shoes. made  Tangchang, a town in Sichuan Province with 700 years of shoemaking history, is 2. (know) for its cloth shoes. Tangchang cloth shoes were popular in China 3. the 1980s. There were five Tangchang cloth shoe 4. (factory) in Chengdu alone. In 2018, Tangchang cloth shoes 5. (be) added to Sichuan’s intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) list. But making cloth shoes is not easy. Growing up in Tangchang, Lai Shufang is a master of making cloth shoes and has been making them 6. over 40 years. She said that there are 32 steps to make a pair of Tangchang cloth shoes. The job needs patience. known  until  factories  were  for  Over the time, sports shoes began 7. (become) more popular with customers. Fewer and fewer people chose cloth shoes. To make a living and help the cultural heritage survive, 8. , Lai and her co-workers continued to make cloth shoes and sold them in 9. (she) store. Ai Peng, Lai’s son, also helps and adds Shu embroidery (蜀绣) to the shoes. They now sell about 10,000 10. (pair) of shoes each year. to become  however  her  pairs  $

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