专题01 词类核心考点之名词(课件)-高中英语语法全攻略

词类核心考点 名词 高中英语语法全攻略 CONTENTS 语法详解 01 阅读理解长难句 02 语法填空考查 03 写作应用 04 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 3 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 句法功能 作主语 作宾语 作表语 作同位语 作补足语 作定语 作状语 Honesty is the best policy. They decided to visit the historic castle  during their summer vacation. She is a dedicated teacher who inspires her students daily. We visited Paris, the capital of France. She considers reading her greatest joy  during leisure time. We work day and night to finish the project. ①单数名词作定语，表示名词性别、材料、功能等。 a stone bridge一座石桥 ②某些常用复数的名词直接用作定语 arms production 武器生产 ③名词所有格作定语 students’ books学生用书 ④两种定语有时并存但意义不一样 girl friend女朋友              the girl’s friend 这女孩的朋友 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 4 可数名词变复数规则变化 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 场合 用法 示例 一般情况下 在词尾直接加-s mouth→mouths, house→houses -s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词 在词尾加-es glass→glasses, box→boxes, church→churches, brush→brushes 辅音字母+-y结尾的名词 变y为i再加-es country→countries, factory→factories 元音字母+-y结尾的名词 在词尾直接加-s holiday→holidays, monkey→monkeys 辅音字母+-o结尾的名词 直接加-es hero→heroes, potato→potatoes 元音字母+-o结尾的名词 直接加-s zoo→zoos, zero→zeros 元音字母+-o结尾的名词 特殊直接加-s photo→photos, kilo→kilos, piano→pianos 以-f,-fe结尾的名词 变f或fe为 -ves wife→wilves, wolf→wolves 以-f,-fe结尾的名词 直接加-s gulf→gulfs, roof→roofs, belief→beliefs, safe→safes 单复数同形的名词 单复数同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species 特殊记忆的名词 单独记忆 man→men, woman→women, child→children, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice 合成名词的复数 主体名词变复数 passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on 合成名词的复数 无名词最后加-s grown-up→grown-ups, go-between→go-betweens Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 5 可数名词变复数规则变化 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 分类助记 规则：以f结尾的名词，直接加-s。 记忆口诀：海湾边、屋顶上，首领厨师两相望，谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕头巾上。 规则：以-f,-fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为 -ves。 记忆口诀：小偷妻子切面包，半片树叶当作刀，狼保己命架后藏。 规则：辅音字母+-o结尾的名词，直接加-es。 记忆口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿。 gulf-gulfs, roof-roofs, chief-chiefs, chef-chefs, belief-beliefs, proof-proofs, scalf-scalfs/scalves, handkerchief-handkerchiefs handkerchieves thief-thieves, wife-wives, leaf-leaves, knife-kinves, wolf-wolves, life-lives, shelf-shelves negro-negroes, heor-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 6 可数名词变复数不规则变化 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 变化 示例 单复数同形 deer鹿, fish鱼, sheep绵阳, means方法, series系列, aircraft飞机, species物种,works工厂，作品 Chinese中国人, Japanese日本人, Swiss瑞士人 变局部元音 goose-geese, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, man-men, woman-women；mouse-mice 词尾-on变-a phenomenon-phenomena现象，criterion-criteria标准 词尾加-(r)en child-children孩子, ox-oxen公牛 词尾-un变成-a datum-data数据, medium-media媒体 -sis变为-ses crisis-crises危机, diagnosis-diagnoses诊断, analysis-analyses分析 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 7 名词单数变复数盲点 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 1.常见以-ings形式结尾的名词。 belongings所属物savings节省下来的东西findings研究发现 greetings问候语 earnings挣来的钱 surroundings周围的环境sufferings受难 2.合成名词的复数形式。 合成名词有主体名词，在该名词后加-s，如passer-by---passers-by过路人, editor-in-chief--editors-in-chief总编辑，looker-on---lookers-on旁观者，runner-up---runners-up亚军。 合成名词无主体名词，则在词尾加-s，如grown-up---grown-ups成人, go-between---go-betweens中间人。 3.man/woman复数形式将a变为e，但下列名词直接在词尾加-s： German—Germans德国人, Roman---Romans罗马人，human---humans人类。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 8 【跟踪训练】 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 1. Two_________ (month) ago, three _________ (hero) caught four _________ (thief). They made them plant some _________ (potato) and _________ (tomato) in two _________ (zoo). They also made their ________  (wife) return the four big _________ (box) with some precious _________ (photo) and _________ (brush) in them. 2. On __________(teacher) Day, two __________________(editor-in-chief), three _______________(man teacher) and five ________________ (woman doctor), together with their _________ (child), went to the farm in the countryside. There they were lucky to see two _________(sheep), three ____ (deer), four _________ (ox), five _________ (goose) and six white _________ (mouse) with three _________ (foot) and six _________ (tooth). months heroes thieves potatoes tomatoes zoos wives boxes photos brushes Teachers’ editors-in-chief men teachers women doctors children sheep deer oxen geese mice feet teeth Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 9 常考不可数名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 advice建议：a piece of advice一条建议 information信息：some information一些信息 knowledge知识：knowledge of history历史知识 happiness幸福：the happiness of children孩子们的幸福 courage勇气：show courage in danger在危险中展现勇气 success成功：achieve great success取得巨大成功 failure失败：experience failure经历失败 progress进步：make progress in study在学习上进步 1.抽象类名词（表示状态、情感、品质等） Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 10 常考不可数名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 water水：a glass of water一杯水 milk牛奶：a bottle of milk一瓶牛奶 meat肉：some meat一些肉 butter黄油：a spoon of butter一勺黄油 wood木头：a piece of wood一块木头 2.物质类名词表示无法分割的物质或材料 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 11 常考不可数名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 weather天气：good weather好天气 snow雪：heavy snow大雪 rain雨：light rain小雨 wind风：strong wind大风 fog雾：thick fog浓雾 3.自然现象名词 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 12 常考不可数名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 clothing（服装）：a piece of clothing（一件衣服） furniture（家具）：a set of furniture（一套家具） equipment（设备）：advanced equipment（先进设备） luggage/baggage（行李）：heavy luggage（沉重的行李） jewelry/jewellery（珠宝）：expensive jewelry（昂贵的珠宝） 4.总称类名词 易错提醒 不可数名词没有复数形式；前边也不能有不定冠词a或an。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 13 抽象名词具体化用法 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 1.具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有： 单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义 success 成功 成功的人或事 pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事 beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事物 comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物 danger 危险 危险的人或因素 delight 高兴 令人高兴的事 failure 失败 失败的人或事物 surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情 shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情 pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情 段际的逻辑连贯 2.物质名词具体化 物质名词通常为不可数名词，但在特定语境中表示“具体的一份、一件或一种”，此时变为可数名词，可被冠词（a/an）修饰，有单复数形式。 She ordered a tea and a cake. 她点了一杯茶和一块蛋糕。 The waiter brought three juices to the table. 服务员给桌上送来了三杯果汁。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 14 名词所有格的用法 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 01 名词所有格的用法 1：表示人或有生命的名词常在词尾加's或’。 2：表两者各自所有时分别在每个名词词尾加’s；表两者共有时在最后名词词尾加’s。 3：表示店铺、办公室或某人家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。如： 02 名词of所有格的用法 无生命名词常用of所有格表所有关系；名词短语或定语修饰的有生命名词用of所有格。 The pages of the book are yellow. （book 是无生命名词） The opinion of the girl with glasses is worth considering. （the girl with glasses是有生命名词） 03 名词双重所有格的用法 双重所有格指＂名词＋of＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋of＋名词性物主代词＂。 This is a friend of my father's. 这是我父亲的一位朋友。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 15 动词转化为名词的场合 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 achieve→achievement 成就 advertise→advertisement 广告 agree→agreement 同意 amuse→amusement 娱乐 commit→commitment 承诺，奉献 develop→development 发展 disagree→disagreement 不赞同 equip 装备→ equipment 装备，器材 govern 统治→government 政府 manage→management 经营，管理 1. v+ ment 结尾 易错提醒 argue —— argument 争吵 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 16 动词转化为名词的场合 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 attract→attraction 吸引 discuss→discussion 讨论 express→expression 词语；表达 instruct→instruction 用法说明 invent→invention 发明 predict→prediction 预言 impress→impression 印象 suggest→suggestion 建议，暗示 educate→education 教育 graduate→graduation 毕业 operate→operation 操作，动手术 illustrate→illustration 阐明，举例说明 pollute→pollution 污染 introduce→introduction 介绍 admit→admission入场 imagine→imagination 想象力 inspir→inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的事 invite→invitation 邀请 compete→competition 竞争，比赛 admit→ admission 承认 permit→permission 允许 conclude→conclusion 结论 decide→decision 决定 solve→solution 解决方法 2. v+ ion 结尾 易错提醒 pronounce→pronunciation发音 describe→description描写 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 17 动词转化为名词的场合 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 allow→allowance 允许 appear→appearance 外貌 ，出现 accept→acceptance接受 resis→resistance阻力 disturb→disturbance 打扰 guide→guidance 指导 3. v+ance 结尾 exist→existence 存在 depend→dependence依赖 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference 参考 4. v+ ence 结尾 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 18 动词转化为名词的场合 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 visit→visitor访问者 produce→producer生产者；制造者 announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员 edit→editor编辑 educate→educator教育者 instruct→instructor 讲师 survive→survivor 幸存者 5. v+-er/-or结尾 fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合物 expose→exposure 暴露 6. v+ure结尾 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 19 动词转化为名词的场合 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 arrive→arrival到达；抵达 survive→survival幸存；生存 approve→approval批准；同意 refuse→refusal拒绝；回绝 propose→proposal提议；求婚 withdraw→withdrawal撤回；提款 7. v+al结尾 grow→growth生长；发展 die→death死亡 8. v+th结尾 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 20 动词转化为名词的场合 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 9. v+ing结尾 begin→beginning开始；开端 end→ending结束；结局 mean→meaning 意义 say→saying 谚语 remind→reminding提醒 warn→warning警告 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 21 动词转化为名词的场合 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 beg→beggar 乞丐 believe→belief 信仰 relieve→relief欣慰 behave→behavior 行为 know→knowledge知识 fly→flight 飞行 succeed→success 成功 pursue→pursuit 追求，从事 anyalyze→analysis recovery→recovery发现 marry→marriage结婚 store→storage 存储 10. v+其他结尾 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 22 形容词转为名词的场合 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私 1. adj+cy bore→boredom无聊 free→freedom自由 2. adj+dom 易错提醒 wise→wisdom明智；智慧 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 23 形容词转为名词的场合 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 abundant→abundance丰富；充裕 distant→distance距离；远方 important→importance重要性 reluctant→reluctance不情愿；勉强 tolerant→tolerance宽容；容忍 significant→signiciance重要性 3. adj+ce deep→depth深度 long→length长度 wide→width宽度 strong→strength力量 warm→warmth温暖 young→youth青春；青年 true→truth真理 4. adj+th Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 24 形容词转为名词的场合 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 kind→kindness善良 happy→happiness快乐 friendly→friendliness友善 dark→darkness黑暗 weak→weakness虚弱 bitter→bitterness苦味；痛苦 aware→awareness意识 lonely→loneliness孤独 5. adj+ness cruel→cruelty残忍 loyal→loyalty忠诚 secure→security安全 varied→variety种类 responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实 6. adj+ty后缀 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 25 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 2025八省联考卷 长难句 As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through innovation, and its inclusiveness. 翻译句子 随着越来越多的外国人开始学习中文和体验中国文化，世界将更好地了解中国及其丰富的历史、勤劳的人民、通过创新实现的发展以及包容性。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 26 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 2024新课标I卷 长难句 The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 翻译句子 Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 27 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 2024新课标II卷 长难句 Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. 翻译句子 Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 28 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 2023全国乙卷 长难句 But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 翻译句子 但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 29 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 考查动词转化为名词 2025全国一卷 “In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your      59      (guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 考查名词 句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。 guidance Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 30 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 考查形容词转化为名词 2025全国二卷 The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 63 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoonswith lots of fresh air. 考查名词 句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。 absence Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 31 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 考查名词单数变复数 2025全国二卷 The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky 64 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. 考查名词的数 句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午有很多蓝天和新鲜空气。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填afternoons。 afternoons Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 32 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 段际的逻辑连贯 考查名词所有格用法 2025浙江 1月卷 “I really want to make this work for 64 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 考查名词 句意：我真的希望能让这个（服装租赁模式）顺应如今人们的生活（方式）。根据句意可知，lives与people之间是所属关系，故应用名词所有格。 people’s Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 33 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 技巧01 基础名词→高级替换（写作先提分） 普通名词换抽象/高级同义名词，瞬间提档次 • 重要：importance → significance / paramount importance • 困难：difficulty → adversity / a formidable obstacle • 人：people → individuals / folks / the public • 方法：way → approach / strategy / avenue Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 34 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 技巧02 名词核心高级句式（写作高频，直接套用） 1. 同位语从句（表观点/事实，显严谨） 结构：核心名词 + that 从句（解释名词） 高频核心名词：fact/truth/evidence/idea/opinion/conclusion/assumption • The fact that perseverance leads to remarkable achievements has been proved by countless examples. • We hold the opinion that environmental protection should be integrated into daily life. Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 35 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 技巧02 名词核心高级句式（写作高频，直接套用） 2. 定语后置+名词短语（压缩短句，造长难句） 结构：名词 + 介词短语/分词短语/不定式 作后置定语 ✅ 普通句：The students will take part in the competition. They are from different schools. ✅ 高级长难句：The students from various schools and equipped with professional skills will take part in the competition. （来自不同学校且具备专业技能的学生将参赛） Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 36 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 技巧02 名词核心高级句式（写作高频，直接套用） 3. 名词性从句作主语（开头亮眼，避免主谓宾简单句） 结构：What/Who/Whatever + 从句 + 谓语 例句（写作开头/论点句）： • What matters most in academic performance is not intelligence but consistent efforts. • Whoever makes full preparations for challenges is more likely to seize opportunities. Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 37 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 技巧02 名词核心高级句式（写作高频，直接套用） 4. 名词化结构（动词/形容词变名词，句式更正式） 技巧：动词→名词（如develop→development）、形容词→名词（如important→importance），适配正式写作 ✅ 普通句：We should develop our ability to solve problems independently. ✅ 高级句：The development of independent problem-solving ability is of great significance to us. （独立解决问题能力的培养，对我们意义重大） Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 38 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 技巧02 名词核心高级句式（写作高频，直接套用） 5. 介词+名词从句（简洁衔接，替代简单句） 高频介词：in terms of / regarding / despite / because of + 名词性从句 例句： • Despite the fact that the task is full of challenges, we are determined to accomplish it on time. • In terms of what we can do to protect nature, small daily actions matter a lot. Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 39 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 技巧03 写作避坑：名词类长难句3个关键 1. 同位语从句vs定语从句：同位语从句解释名词内容（that不做成分），定语从句修饰名词（that做成分） 2. 名词后置定语不要堆砌：1个名词配1-2个后置定语即可，避免冗余 3. 名词化结构别滥用：简单句能说清时不用，长句中穿插更自然 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 40 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 翻译01 同位语从句+被动语态 The fact that we must balance academic study and extracurricular activities has been widely recognized. 我们必须平衡学业与课外活动这一事实，已被广泛认可。 语法剖析 同位语从句（that从句解释fact内容，that不作成分）+ 被动语态 Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 41 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 翻译02 主语从句+名词化结构 What plays a decisive role in personal growth is the accumulation of experience rather than temporary success. 在个人成长中起决定性作用的是经验的积累，而非一时的成功。 语法剖析 主语从句（What引导作主语）+ 名词化结构（accumulation） Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 42 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 翻译03 名词化核心+介词短语后置定语 The significance of building a sense of responsibility among teenagers can never be overemphasized. 培养青少年责任感的重要性，再怎么强调都不为过。 语法剖析 名词化核心（significance替代important）+ 介词短语后置定语（of...） Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 43 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 翻译04 介词+同位语从句+固定搭配 Despite the fact that the journey ahead is tough, we are confident in achieving our preset goals. 尽管前路艰辛，我们仍有信心达成既定目标。 语法剖析 介词+同位语从句（despite+the fact+that从句）+ 固定搭配（confident in doing） Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 44 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 翻译05 名词化结构+介词短语后置定语 The development of digital technology has brought about great changes to people’s daily life and work. 数字技术的发展给人们的日常生活与工作带来了巨大变革。 语法剖析 名词化结构（development替代develop）+ 介词短语后置定语（of...） Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 45 词类核心考点之名词 语法详解 阅读理解 语法填空 写作应用 ✅ 翻译06 固定句型+同位语从句+名词短语 There is no doubt that the public should raise awareness of environmental protection in daily routines. 毫无疑问，大众应在日常生活中提升环保意识。 语法剖析 固定句型+同位语从句（There is no doubt that...）+ 名词短语（awareness of...） Let’s expereiemce them between the lines one by one 46 高中英语语法全攻略 Thank You ！ $