Unit 1 Winter holidays（易错题专项练习·语法提升）英语鲁科版五年级下册

Unit 1 Winter holidays 专题02 语法提升·易错题专项训练 高频易错点03 助动词do 的过去式的用法 高频易错点01 一般过去时的用法 高频易错点02 一般过去时的规则与不规则动词变化 高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨 易错精讲 一般过去时的用法 高频易错点01 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态，或过去习惯性、经常性的动作与行为。 一、时间标志 •yesterday（昨天）、yesterday afternoon（昨天下午） •last + 时间，如 last month（上个月）、last year（去年） •时间 + ago，如 three days ago（三天前）、one week ago（一周前） •just now（刚才）、in the past（在过去） 二、句型结构 1.肯定句： · 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 例：She went to Beijing last winter.（她去年冬天去了北京。） · 主语 + was/were + 其他 例：They were in the park just now.（他们刚才在公园里。） 2.否定句： · 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 例：He didn't finish his homework yesterday.（他昨天没完成作业。） · 主语 + wasn't/weren't + 其他 例：I wasn't late for school this morning.（我今天早上没迟到。） 3.一般疑问句： · Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 例：Did you visit your grandparents last weekend?（你上周末去看望祖父母了吗？） · Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？ 例：Were they happy during the holiday?（他们假期里开心吗？） 4.特殊疑问句： · 特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 例：Where did you go last summer?（你去年夏天去了哪里？） · 特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他？ 例：How was your winter holiday?（你的寒假过得怎么样？） 3、 动词过去式的变化规则 1.规则变化： · 直接加 ed：play → played、watch → watched · 以不发音的 e 结尾加 d：live → lived、love → loved · 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾，变 y 为 i 加 ed：study → studied、carry → carried · 重读闭音节结尾，双写末尾辅音字母加 ed：stop → stopped、shop → shopped 2.鲁科版五年级下册常见不规则变化： am/is → was、are → were、do → did、go → went、have → had、eat → ate see → saw、take → took、buy → bought、say → said、write → wrote 易错点提示 1.混淆动词过去式的规则与不规则变化，尤其是高频不规则动词（如 go → went、 buy → bought）容易写错。 2.否定句和疑问句中，忘记“助动词 did 后接动词原形”，误写为过去式。 3.be 动词过去式（was/were）与主语单复数搭配错误：单数主语用 was， 复数主语用 were。 小练笔 一、单项选择 ( )1. My family ______ to Shanghai three days ago. A. go B. goes C. went ( )2. Tom ______ happy yesterday because he got a gift. A. is B. was C. were ( )3. ______ you ______ a film last night? A. Do; see B. Did; see C. Did; saw ( )4. They ______ not in the library just now. A. are B. was C. were ( )5. What ______ she ______ during her winter holiday? A. did; do B. does; do C. did; did 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1.He ______ (visit) his uncle last Sunday. 2.We ______ (not go) to school yesterday because it was Sunday. 3.My mother ______ (cook) delicious food for us last night. 4.The children ______ (play) football in the playground an hour ago. 5.______ (be) your sister at home yesterday evening? 点拨 一、单项选择答案及解析 1.答案：C。根据时间标志“three days ago”（三天前），句子为一般过去时，go 的过去式是 went，故选 C。 2.答案：B。“yesterday”表明是过去时，主语 Tom 是单数，be 动词用 was，故选 B。 3.答案：B。“last night”是过去时间，一般疑问句用助动词 did，did 后接动词原形 see，故选 B。 4.答案：C。“just now”是过去时，主语 They 是复数，be 动词的否定形式用 weren't，故选 C。 5.答案：A。询问过去的动作，用助动词 did，后面接动词原形 do，故选 A。 二、填空题答案及解析 1.答案：visited。“last Sunday”是过去时，visit 的过去式直接加 ed，即 visited。 2.答案：didn't go。“yesterday”表明是过去时，否定句用“didn't + 动词原形”，故填 didn't go。 3.答案：cooked。“last night”是过去时，cook 的过去式直接加 ed，即 cooked。 4.答案：played。“an hour ago”是过去时，play 的过去式加 ed，即 played。 5.答案：Was。“yesterday evening”是过去时，主语 your sister 是单数，be 动词用 was， 句首首字母大写。 一般过去时的规则与不规则动词变化 高频易错点02 例：(1) I visited my grandparents during the winter holiday. (2) He went to Harbin to see the ice lanterns last month. 易错点提示 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，谓语动词需用过去式。 1.规则动词过去式变化： · 直接加-ed：visit→visited、play→played · 以e结尾加-d：like→liked、dance→danced · 重读闭音节双写尾字母加-ed：stop→stopped、plan→planned · 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-ed：study→studied、try→tried 2.不规则动词需特殊记忆：go→went、see→saw、eat→ate、take→took、buy→bought 小练笔 1. ( ) My family ______ a trip to Sanya last winter. A. take B. takes C. took 2. ( ) She ______ many beautiful photos when she visited Beijing. A. take B. took C. takes 3. They ______ (visit) the Great Wall and ______ (eat) Beijing duck yesterday. 4. He ______ (go) ice-skating last Sunday and he ______ (have) a good time. 5. My mother ______ (buy) me a new scarf for the winter holiday. 点拨 1.选C。last winter是过去时间标志，take的过去式是took，故选C。 2.选B。visited提示句子用一般过去时，take的过去式是took，故选B。 3.答案：visited；ate。yesterday是过去时间，visit的过去式直接加-ed，eat的过去式是不规则变化ate。 4.答案：went；had。last Sunday是过去时间，go的过去式是went，have的过去式是had。 5.答案：bought。buy的过去式是不规则变化bought，此处描述寒假发生的动作，用一般过去时。 助动词do 的过去式的用法 高频易错点03 核心用法 1. 一般疑问句 句型结构Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ （用于询问过去是否发生某动作，主语可为人称代词、名词等，后面必须接动词原形） 例句 •Did you swim in the sea?（你在海里游泳了吗？） Yes, I did.（是的，我游了。） / No, I didn't.（不，我没游。） •Did they visit the museum last weekend?（他们上周末去参观博物馆了吗？） Yes, they did.（是的，他们去了。） / No, they didn't.（不，他们没去。） 2. 否定句 句型结构 主语 + didn't（did not 的缩写） + 动词原形 + 其他？ （用于否定过去发生的动作，didn't 后必须接动词原形，不能接过去式） 例句 I didn't ski.（我没滑雪。） She didn't watch TV yesterday evening.（她昨晚没看电视。） 3. 特殊疑问句 句型结构 特殊疑问词（What/Where/When/How 等） + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ （用于对过去动作的时间、地点、内容等进行提问，特殊疑问词需置于句首，did 后接动词原形） 例句 •What did you do during your winter holiday?（你寒假里做了什么？） •Where did Tom go last month?（汤姆上个月去了哪里？） 易错点提示 1.混淆句式要求：did 用于否定句和疑问句时，后面的行为动词必须用原形，不能误写为过 去式（如“Did you went?”“I didn't played.”均为错误表达）。 2.回答格式错误：以 Did 开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用“Yes, 主语 + did.”，否定回答用 “No, 主语 + didn't.”，不能用“Yes, I do.”或“No, she doesn't.”（混淆一般现在时与一般过去时）。 3.遗漏助动词：描述过去的否定动作时，不能直接在动词过去式后加 not（如“I not skied.” 错误），必须借助 didn't + 动词原形。 小练笔 一、单项选择 ( )1. ______ you ______ a picnic with your family last Saturday? A. Do; have B. Did; have C. Did; had ( )2. He ______ finish his homework yesterday because he was ill. A. didn't B. don't C. wasn't ( )3. —Did Lily visit her grandparents last Sunday? —______. She went to the zoo instead. A. Yes, she did B. No, she didn't C. No, she doesn't ( )4. ______ did they go to Beijing? A. When B. What C. Where ( )5. My brother ______ play football yesterday afternoon. He read a book at home. A. didn't B. doesn't C. wasn't 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1.______ (do) your sister ______ (go) shopping with you yesterday? 2.We ______ (not eat) fish for dinner last night. We had chicken. 3.—What ______ (do) Tom ______ (buy) for his mother on Mother's Day? —He bought a nice scarf. 4.They ______ (not visit) the Great Wall last month. They went to the Summer Palace. 5.______ (do) you ______ (see) any pandas in the zoo three days ago? 点拨 一、单项选择答案及解析 1.答案：B。根据时间标志“last Saturday”（上周六），句子为一般过去时，一般疑问句用助动词 Did，后面接动词原形 have，故选 B。 2.答案：A。“yesterday”表明是过去时，否定行为动词 finish 需用 didn't，wasn't 后不能接动词原形，故选 A。 3.答案：B。由答句“She went to the zoo instead.”可知是否定回答，一般过去时的否定回答用“No, 主语 + didn't.”，故选 B。 4.答案：A。结合选项和句意，此处是对过去动作的时间提问，用特殊疑问词 When（什么时候），What 提问内容，Where 提问地点，故选 A。 5.答案：A。“yesterday afternoon”是过去时，否定行为动词 play 需用 didn't，doesn't 用于一般现在时，wasn't 后不能接动词原形，故选 A。 二、填空题答案及解析 1.答案：Did；go。“yesterday”是过去时，一般疑问句用助动词 Did，后面接动词原形 go，句首首字母大写。 2.答案：didn't eat。“last night”是过去时，否定行为动词 eat 需用 didn't + 动词原形 eat，故填 didn't eat。 3.答案：did；buy。询问过去的动作，用特殊疑问词 What + did + 主语 + 动词原形 buy，故填 did；buy。 4.答案：didn't visit。“last month”是过去时，否定行为动词 visit 需用 didn't + 动词原形 visit，故填 didn't visit。 5.答案：Did；see。“three days ago”是过去时，一般疑问句用助动词 Did，后面接动词原形 see，句首首字母大写。 综合训练 一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1.My family ______ (go) to Harbin for winter holiday last year. 2.She ______ (eat) dumplings every evening during her stay in Beijing. 3.Tom ______ (not watch) TV last night because he had too much homework. 4.There ______ (be) a big snow in our city three days ago. 5.They ______ (play) snowball fights happily in the park yesterday afternoon. 6.My mother ______ (buy) me a pair of ice skates just now. 7.I ______ (see) many beautiful ice lanterns when I visited Harbin. 8.We ______ (not go) swimming last weekend because the water was too cold. 9.He ______ (say) he had a wonderful winter holiday. 10.Lisa ______ (visit) her aunt in Shanghai with her parents one week ago. 二、单项选择 ( )1. ______ wonderful trip it was! We enjoyed ourselves a lot. A. What B. What a C. How ( )2. My brother ______ ice-skating every winter when he was a child. A. goes B. went C. go ( )3. Did you ______ any photos during your winter holiday? A. take B. takes C. took ( )4. ______ your parents ______ to the Great Wall last month? A. Do; go B. Did; go C. Did; went ( )5. There ______ some milk and bread on the table this morning. A. is B. was C. were ( )6. ______ interesting the winter holiday was! A. What B. How C. What an ( )7. The students ______ a snowman in the schoolyard just now. A. make B. are making C. made ( )8. The little girl ______ to build a snow castle with her friends yesterday. A. wanted B. wants C. want ( )9. There ______ any people in the park at midnight yesterday. A. isn't B. weren't C. wasn't ( )10. He ______ in Beijing last winter. He ______ many famous places there. A. is; visits B. was; visited C. was; visit 三、句型转换 1.She went to Sanya for winter holiday.（改为否定句） She ______ ______ to Sanya for winter holiday. 2.We had a good time in the snow.（改为一般疑问句） ______ you ______ a good time in the snow? 3.The winter holiday was great.（改为感叹句） ______ ______ the winter holiday was! 4.There were some interesting books about travel on the desk.（改为否定句） There ______ ______ interesting books about travel on the desk. 5.They bought some special gifts in Xi'an last week.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ they ______ in Xi'an last week? 6.He played ice hockey with his friends yesterday.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ he ______ ice hockey with yesterday? 7.The children were excited about the snow.（改为一般疑问句） ______ the children ______ about the snow? 8.There was a beautiful hotel near the beach.（改为复数句） There ______ ______ ______ near the beach. 9.They are having a picnic in the park now.（用last winter改写） They ______ ______ ______ in the park last winter. 10.The ice lanterns are beautiful.（改为感叹句） ______ ______ ice lanterns!A. Where did you go then? B. What did you do there? C. How was your winter holiday? D. Did you have a good time? E. Who did you go with? 四、补全对话 A: Hi, Lucy! Long time no see. 1. ______ B: It was amazing! I had a great time. A: 2. ______ B: I went to Harbin with my family. A: 3. ______ B: We visited ice and snow worlds, skated on the ice and ate local food. A: 4. ______ B: My parents and my little brother. A: 5. ______ B: Yes, of course. We took many photos and made some new friends. 五、从方框中选择合适的词补全短文 was, wanted, played, wore, visited, were, said, could, had, made Last winter holiday, my family and I ______ a trip to Yunnan. The weather there ______ warm and sunny. We ______ my uncle who lives in Kunming. He ______ to take us to visit many beautiful places. On the first day, we went to Stone Forest. The stones ______ very strange and wonderful. My brother and I ______ games there happily. On the second day, we ______ traditional clothes of the Yi people and took photos. My mother ______ that the food there was delicious. We ______ try different kinds of snacks. We ______ a wonderful time and hope to go there again next year. 参考答案 一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1. went 2. ate 3. didn't watch 4. was 5. played 6. bought 7. saw 8. didn't go 9. said 10. visited 1.went 解析：时间标志“last year”（去年）表明句子为一般过去时，go 的过去式是不规则变化 went，故填 went。 2.ate 解析：“during her stay in Beijing”（在北京逗留期间）描述的是过去的时间段，句子用一般过去时，eat 的过去式是不规则变化 ate，故填 ate。 3.didn't watch 解析：“last night”（昨晚）是过去时间，否定句需用“didn't + 动词原形”，watch 为原形，故填 didn't watch。 4.was 解析：“three days ago”（三天前）是过去时，there be 句型遵循“就近原则”，主语 a big snow 是单数，be 动词用 was，故填 was。 5.played 解析：“yesterday afternoon”（昨天下午）是过去时间，play 的过去式直接加 ed，即 played，故填 played。 6.bought 解析：“just now”（刚才）是过去时间标志，buy 的过去式是不规则变化 bought，故填 bought。 7.saw 解析：“when I visited Harbin”（当我参观哈尔滨时）中 visited 为过去式，提示主句用一般过去时，see 的过去式是 saw，故填 saw。 8.didn't go 解析：“last weekend”（上周末）是过去时间，否定句用“didn't + 动词原形”，go 为原形，故填 didn't go。 9.said 解析：宾语从句“he had a wonderful winter holiday”中 had 是过去式，主句谓语动词也需用过去式，say 的过去式是 said，故填 said。 10.visited 解析：“one week ago”（一周前）是过去时间，visit 的过去式直接加 ed，即 visited，故填 visited。 2、 单项选择 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. B 三、句型转换 1. didn't go 2. Did; have 3. How great 4. weren't any 5. What did; buy 6. Who did; play 7. Was; excited 8. were some beautiful hotels 9. had a picnic 10. What beautiful 四、补全对话 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. E 5. D 五、从方框中选择合适的词补全短文 had;was; visited; wanted; were; played; wore; said; could; had 1.had 解析：“have a trip”（去旅行）是固定搭配，短文描述的是去年寒假的事情，用一般过去时，have 的过去式是 had，故填 had。 2.was 解析：主语 the weather 是不可数名词，短文用一般过去时，be 动词用 was，故填 was。 3.visited 解析：根据句意“我们去看望了住在昆明的叔叔”，visit 表示“看望、拜访”，过去式是 visited，故填 visited。 4.wanted 解析：“want to do sth.”（想要做某事），短文用一般过去时，want 的过去式是 wanted，故填 wanted。 5.were 解析：主语 the stones 是复数，短文用一般过去时，be 动词用 were，故填 were。 6.played 解析：“play games”（玩游戏）是固定搭配，过去式是 played，故填 played。 7.wore 解析：根据句意“我们穿了彝族的传统服装”，wear 表示“穿”，过去式是 wore，故填 wore。 8.said 解析：根据句意“我妈妈说那里的食物很美味”，say 表示“说”，过去式是 said，故填 said。 9.could 解析：根据句意“我们可以尝试不同种类的小吃”，could 是 can 的过去式，表“能够”，故填 could。 10.had 解析：“have a wonderful time”（玩得很开心）是固定搭配，过去式是 had，故填 had。 参考答案 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $