专题三 动词课件-2026年中考英语一轮复习

该初中英语中考复习课件全面覆盖动词分类、时态、被动语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词等核心语法考点，严格对接中考说明，按“实义动词及物/不及物”“情态动词表推测/一般用法”等细分考查要求，分析各考点在中考中的权重，如时态占比约40%、被动语态占20%，并归纳短文填空、完形填空等常考题型的解题步骤。 课件亮点在于“考点精讲+真题演练+易错突破”的备考体系，如通过“情态动词must/can’t表推测对比”实例，结合2023年中考真题“语境判断法”，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设计“时态标志词速记表”“非谓语动词功能分类训练”，配合每日基础练强化答题技巧，帮助学生高效提分，教师可依此制定精准复习计划，确保中考冲刺效果。

专题三 动词 1 考点1 实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词 动词通常位于主语之后，在句中充当谓语或谓语的组成部分。动词按句法作用可分 为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。 2 一、实义动词 实义动词有实际意义，能在句中独立作谓语。具体分类如下表： 分类 用法 示例 按句法 作用分 类 及物动 词 可直接跟宾语 use/buy/send/make/find/hear/all ow+宾语 不及物 动词 不能直接跟宾语；若要跟宾语，其后 必须加介词 look at/listen to/worry about/belong to+宾语 3 分类 用法 示例 按动作 是否可 持续分 类 延续性 动词 表示动作可持续，可与表示一段时间 的状语连用 live, stay, study, work, keep, teach 非延续 性动词 表示瞬间动作，即动作一发生便立即 结束，在肯定句中不能和表示一段时 间的状语连用 buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, leave, join, come, go, catch 续表 4 二、系动词 系动词不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成系表结构，如常见的“系动词+adj./n.”。 初中阶段常见的系动词有以下几类： 5 分类 例词 例句 “状态”类 be （be/am/is/are/was/were/been/being），keep （保持）, stay （保持）, remain （仍然是；保 持） He is a student. He is strong. You seem happy. We should keep fit. Mum gets angry. It sounds great! “似乎”类 seem （似乎）, appear （看来；似乎） “变化”类 get （变得）, turn （变成）, go （变得）, become （变成）, grow （逐渐变得） “感官”类 look （看起来）, sound（听起来）, feel（摸起来； 感觉）, taste（尝起来）, smell（闻起来） 6 三、助动词 助动词本身没有意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或 系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态和语态。此外，助动词还可以用来构成否定句、疑问 句等句型。具体用法如下表： 助动词 用法 助动词 用法 do/does/did 构成疑问句： do/does/did+主 语+do be （非系动 词be） 构成进行时： am/is/are/was/were+doing 构成否定句： don’t/doesn’t/didn’t+do 构成被动语态： am/is/are/was/were+done will/shall 构成一般将来时： will/shall+do have/has 构成现在完成时： have/has+done 7 四、情态动词 情态动词不能单独使用，必须与动词原形连用构成谓语，即“can/could/must/have to/may/need/should/will/might/...+动词原形”。 1.情态动词的一般用法#1.1 情态动词 用法 示例 can/could 表示能力，意为“能， 会”；could是can的过去 式，表示过去的能力 —Can you play the piano? —Yes, I can./No, I can’t. The teacher asked me for my homework, but I couldn’t hand it in. 8 情态动词 用法 示例 can/could 表示请求或允许，意为 “可以”；could 的语气更 加委婉 Can I play computer games, Mum? Could you pass the book to me? may 表示请求或允许，意为 “可以”；否定回答常用 can’t或mustn’t —May I go now? —No, you can’t/mustn’t. 续表 9 情态动词 用法 示例 must 表示必要，意为“必须” Don’t arrive late for class. You must be on time. “Must I...？”句型的肯定 回答用must，否定回答 用needn’t或don’t have to —Must I finish the project today? —Yes, you must.（是的，你必须。）/ —No, you needn’t/don’t have to.（不，你不 必。） must 否定形式为mustn’t，意 为“禁止，不可以” —Hurry up, Mum! Let’s go across the road quickly. —No, Henry, you mustn’t. The traffic lights are red. 续表 10 情态动词 用法 示例 have to 表示客观需要，意为“不 得不；必须”，有人称、 时态和数的变化；其否 定形式意为“没必要” There was no electricity in the apartment! We had to eat our supper in the dark. We don’t have to drink coffee every day. 续表 11 情态动词 用法 示例 need 意为“需要”，主要用于 否定句和疑问句中。 “Need I...?”句型的肯定 回答一般用must，否定 回答一般用needn’t 或don’t have to You needn’t take your umbrella. It is not raining outside. 续表 12 情态动词 用法 示例 should 表示观点或建议，意为“ 应该” Everyone should play a part in saving the earth. shall 表示征求对方意见，多 用于第一人称 Shall we go birdwatching tomorrow? will/ would 表示说话人的意愿或提 出请求；would是will的 过去式，语气更委婉 Will you please help me to carry this box? Would you join us? 续表 13 2.情态动词表推测#1.2 情态动词 用法 示例 must 表示肯定推测，强调对某事很有把 握，意为“一定；肯定” The book must be Mary’s. We can see her name on it. could/may /might 表示把握不大的肯定推测，意为“可 能；也许” —Whose English book is this? —It might be Lily’s, but I’m not sure. may not 表示把握不大的否定推测，意为“可能 不” I may not come here tonight. I am not sure. 14 情态动词 用法 示例 can’t 表示有把握的否定推测，意为“不可 能” That bright light can’t be a UFO—there’s no such thing! 易错提示 mustn’t 表示“禁止，不可以”，不能用来表推测。#1.3 续表 15 考点1 短文填空基础练 1.Without a fin, a shark ______（can） swim and slowly dies. 2.It might ____（be） the world’s earliest form of toothbrushes. 3.What ____ you think of the novel, Journey to the West? 4.The soup _______（smell） so good. What’s in it? 5.Should I ________（remind） him not to bring food into the classroom? 6.They ______________（not finish） the project yet, but they will try to complete it today. 7.We ___________（not have） to buy a new printer. The old one still works well. can’t be do smells remind haven’t finish don’t have 16 考点2 动词的时态 一、一般现在时 构成 1.谓语动词为be动词：主语+am/is/are+n./adj./...（+其他） 2.谓语动词为实义动词：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式（+其他） 用法 1.表示现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作或现在的状态 She likes to help others./A lot of people in China travel by high-speed train every year. 2.表示客观事实或普遍真理 The earth goes around the sun. 17 用法 3.在if、unless、when、until/till、as soon as等引导的状语从句中用一般现在 时表示将来的动作（主将从现——主句用将来时，从句用现在时） If you keep working hard, you will succeed some day. What are you going to be when you grow up? 标志性 时间状 语 1.表示频率的词语：always、usually、often、sometimes、once/twice a week 等 2.表示重复出现的日期：on Mondays、every day/week/month/year等 续表 18 拓展 动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则 #1.1 规则 示例 一般在词尾加-s play—plays, believe—believes, say—says 以/s/、/ʃ/、/tʃ/音素结尾或以 o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es fix—fixes, finish—finishes, watch—watches, go—goes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动 词，变y为i加-es study—studies, marry—marries, satisfy—satisfies 19 二、现在进行时 构成 主语+am/is/are+动词的-ing形式（+其他） 用法 1.表示现在正在进行的动作和发生的事 He is watching TV now./Look! Jeff is helping a blind man cross the road. 2.表示现阶段或当前一段时间内正在进行的动作 I am reading an interesting book these days. 3.表示计划或安排好的将来要做的事情，用现在进行时表示将来 We are leaving early tomorrow morning. 20 标志性时间状 语 1.表示“此时此刻”的词汇： now、right now、at the moment等 2.表示某事正在发生的场景： Look!/Listen!/What are you doing?/... 3.表示当前一段时间的词汇：these days、this month等 续表 21 三、过去进行时 构成 主语+was/were+动词的-ing形式（+其他） 用法 过去进行时用于表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，具体用法为： 1.与表示过去某个时间点的时间状语连用 What were you doing at eight last night? 2.用在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个动作发生 时，另外一个动作正在进行，或两个动作同时进行 He was reading in the library when the rainstorm came. While I was going through the forest, I fell on the ground. While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. 22 标志性 时间状 语 at that time/moment、at this time yesterday、过去的具体时间 （如at 9 o’clock yesterday morning）、when/while 引导的时间状语从句 （while从句中多用过去进行时）等 续表 23 拓展 动词的-ing形式的变化规则 #1.1 规则 示例 一般直接在词尾加-ing fly—flying, sell—selling, go—going, see—seeing 以不发音的字母e结尾的动 词，去掉e再加-ing smile—smiling, make—making, move—moving 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾 只有一个辅音字母的动词， 要双写这个辅音字母再加- ing begin—beginning, cut—cutting, forget—forgetting, get— getting, hit—hitting, plan—planning, put—putting, run—running, sit—sitting, shop—shopping, stop— stopping 少数以ie结尾的动词，先变ie 为y，再加-ing die—dying, tie—tying, lie—lying 24 四、一般过去时 构成 1.谓语动词为be动词：主语+was/were+n./adj./...（+其他） 2.谓语动词为实义动词：主语+动词的过去式（+其他） 用法 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态 They came up with some ideas to offer the young more jobs last month. When I was a child, I often went to that park/I used to go to that park. （表过去习惯性或经常发生的动作，还可用“used to+动词原形”来表示） 标志性 时间状 语 just now、 yesterday、 last week/month/year、 in 2008、 in the past、 a few days ago、 once upon a time、 at the age of five、 when I was 5 years old等 25 五、现在完成时 构成 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（+其他） 用法 1.表示过去发生的动作或事件对现在造成影响 I have seen this film. I do not want to see it again. （过去已经看过该电影， 对现在的影响是不想再看一遍） 2.表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常和“for+ 时间段”或“since+过去的时间点/一般过去时的句子”连用，谓语动词用延续性动词 They have been friends since they first met.（从首次见面成为朋友，持续到现 在） We have been friends for nearly 5 years.（已经成为朋友5年了，也许还会持 续） 26 标志 性时 间状 语 for+时间段、since+过去的时间点/一般过去时的句子、already（肯定句）/yet （否定句/疑问句）、just、ever、never、so far、up to now、in the past/last three years、recently/lately、表示次数的词语（once/twice/three times）等 续表 27 拓展1 动词的过去式和过去分词的变化规则 规则变化#1.1.1 规则变化 原形 过去式 过去分词 一般直接加-ed watch stay want watched stayed wanted watched stayed wanted 以e结尾的动词，加-d love loved loved 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 的动词，变y为i加-ed cry cried cried 28 规则变化 原形 过去式 过去分词 以重读闭音节结尾， 且末尾只有一个辅音 字母的动词，要双写 这个辅音字母再加-ed plan stop shop chat fit planned stopped shopped chatted fitted planned stopped shopped chatted fitted 续表 29 不规则变化 类型 示例 类型 示例 ABC型 begin→began→begun ABB型 bring→brought→brought ABA型 become→became→become AAA型 cut→cut→cut 注：更多不规则变化详见《词句默背册》 30 拓展2 区分一般过去时和现在完成时#2 不同点 时态 用法说明 例句 侧重点 不同 现在完 成时 是与现在有关的时态，属于现在 时态的范畴，侧重于过去的动作 对现在造成的影响或产生的结果 I have already seen the film. （说明“看电影”这个动作发生在过 去，现在对这部电影的内容有所了 解） 一般过 去时 是一种过去的时态, 侧重于表示过 去的动作，与现在无关 I saw a film yesterday. （仅陈述昨天“看电影”这件事，与 现在无关） 31 不同点 时态 用法说明 例句 连用的 时间状 语不同 现在完 成时 与现在完成时连用的时间状语： already、yet、just、so far、in the last/past...、 ever、 never、 since...、for...等 Have you ever been to Shanghai? （不强调什么时间去的，只问有没 有这个经历） 一般过 去时 一般过去时常与two days/three weeks/...ago、yesterday、last year/month/...、in+过去的年份、 just now等连用 I went to Shanghai in 2022. （强调发生的具体时间） 续表 32 六、一般将来时 构成及用法 1.主语+will+动词原形（+其他），表示将来的动作或存在的状态 What will the future be like? 2.主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形（+其他），表示打算、计划或准备 做某事 What are you going to do when you grow up? 标志性时间 状语 next week/month/year、in+时间段、in+将来的年份、in the future、 soon、tomorrow等 33 考点2 一、短文填空基础练 1.It seems that families are _________（spend） more and more time together. 2.I ______（take） the photos during the month of June, just after the rain. The air was full of small drops of water. 3.Mr. Zhao is patient and he always _____（tell） us not to worry about giving wrong answers. 4.A primary school in Nanjing has just ________（open） a herb farm. spending took tells opened 34 5.When Mom came home, Danny ____________（play） the piano in the living room. 6.I will be pretty upset too if I _____（feel） left out. was playing feel 7.—I am going to the party. —If you do, you __________（have） a great time. will have 35 二、短文填空综合练 John’s family _1. _______（move） to Shanghai last year because his dad got a new job. By now he _2. __________（live） there for nearly a year. John _3. _____ （be） lonely at first and missed his old friends. But now he _4. ______（love） that place and he has made a lot of friends.His best friend is Mike. They _5. ______ （share） the same hobby—watching Harry Potter films. When John first met Mike, Mike was watching one of the Harry Potter films. And then they _6. ________（start） talking about that film. Next summer, they _7. __________________________（visit） the Universal Beijing Resort to experience the scenes in Harry Potter. John’s classmates will probably get postcards from him, saying “I am having so much fun in the Harry Potter theme park”. moved has lived was loves share started will visit/are going to visit 36 考点3 被动语态 一、被动语态的构成 语态分为主动语态和被动语态。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 （done）”构成。其中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词时 完全一样。#1 分类 被动结构 示例 一般现在 时 am/is/are+done Chinese is spoken by more and more people around the world nowadays. 一般过 去时 was/were+done Tea was invented by accident about 5,000 years ago. 37 分类 被动结构 示例 一般将来 时 will+be+done； am/is/are going to+be+done To make the environment much better, more trees will be planted next year. 现在进行 时 am/is/are+being+d one The hair product is being used at present. 过去进行 时 was/were+being+do ne The bridge was being built throughout the summer of 2024. 续表 38 分类 被动结构 示例 现在完成 时 have/has+been+do ne How much e-waste has been produced? 含有情态 动词的被 动语态 情态动词+be+done Teenagers shouldn’t be allowed to stay up late. Something must be done about the present situation. 续表 39 二、被动语态的用法 当不知道动作的执行者是谁，或者没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，或者只需强调 动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。通常有以下两种情况： 1.主语是人，但为动作的承受者，可翻译为“（主语）被……”，谓语动词使用被动语态。 如：The artists are encouraged to tell good Chinese stories in their favorite art forms.（艺术家们被鼓励） 2.主语是物，且为动作的承受者，可翻译为“（主语）被……”，谓语动词使用被动语态。 如：A new supermarket will be built on Centre Street next year.（超市将被建造） 40 三、主动形式表被动意义 情况 示例 谓语动词为系动词feel、taste、 sound、smell、look、keep、stay、 remain、prove等 This material feels very soft.（这种料子摸上去 很柔软。） 表示主语内在性质、用途或性能的 不及物动词（sell、read、write、 wash、wear等）与well、easily等副 词连用时 The pen writes smoothly.（这支笔写起来很流 畅。） This kind of food sells well.（这种食物很畅 销。） 41 情况 示例 用于“主语+be+adj.+to do”结构 This question is hard to answer.（这个问题很 难回答。） English is easy to learn.（英语很好学。） 续表 42 考点3 一、短文填空基础练 1.The house __________（build） in the 19th century and was a typical style of that time. 2.The Jiangsu automatic （自动化） test of listening and speaking ________（hold） in April every year. 3.When a modern city meets its past, not only can tourism be developed better, but the local culture and history can also ___________（know） by more people. 4.The Internet _____________（invent） by the US government in the 1960s for the army to use. was built is held be known was invented 43 5.In fact, around 70 million sharks ___________（catch） and traded in this industry every year. 6.We saw many koalas and were happy to see that they _______________（protect） well in the forest. 7.ChatGPT, an AI chatbot,was __________（develop） by OpenAI and met the public in November 2022. are caught were protected developed 44 二、短文填空综合练 As many animals are going extinct, we must do something to protect them. First, we should protect their habitats（栖息地）. If their living places _1. ________________________________（not protect）, animals will have nowhere to live. Last year, many trees _2. _________（cut） down to build roads on mountains, and fences _3. ___________（build） along the roads, which caused inconvenience to wildlife. Second, any forms of hunting shouldn’t _4. ___________（allow）. A lot of animals _5. __________________________（kill） just for their beautiful fur, which is so cruel. We should also protect the environment. A project _6. ________（set） up in our school last month and a lot of rubbish on the mountains _7. ____________ （pick） up by volunteers last week. But if people _8. ___________________________ _________（not prevent） from entering these areas, the problem will continue. are not protected/aren’t protected were cut were built be allowed are killed/have been killed was set was picked are not prevented/aren’t prevented 45 考点4 主谓一致 主谓一致是指句子的谓语与其主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。主谓一致遵循三 原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 46 一、语法一致原则——主语、谓语在语法形式上保持一致 主语 谓语形式 示例 不可数名词、可数名词单数、第 三人称代词单数he/she/it 单数形式 The boy was interested in English. He doesn’t think it is a good idea. 动词不定式、动词的-ing形式 单数形式 Reading is learning. one/each/each one/...或every one/each one/one/each of+复数名 词/复数代词 单数形式 Each one has a gift. Each of the answers is worth 20 points. 47 主语 谓语形式 示例 复合不定代词anyone、 somebody、everything、nobody 等 单数形式 Is everything all right? none/neither of+复数名词/复数代 词 单数/复数 形式 None of us has/have been to Beijing. 复数名词、复数代词 复数形式 These apples are Mike’s. and或both...and...连接的并列主语 复数形式 Tom and Mike are good friends. Both Lucy and Lily are students. 续表 48 拓展1 “A+with/along with/together with/as well as+B”结构作主语时，谓语动词的数由前 面的A的单复数形式决定。如: Mr. Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing. 拓展2 shoes、clothes、trousers、scissors、glasses、shorts、jeans、chopsticks、gloves等作 主语时，谓语动词须用复数形式。但如果这些名词被a pair/kind of 修饰时，谓语动词用 单数形式。 49 二、意义一致原则——主语、谓语在意义上保持一致关系 类别 谓语形式 示例 表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词 或词组作主语时，一般看作一个整体 单数形式 Three years is a long time. 集体名词,如family、team、 class、group等作主语 表示整体概 念 单数形式 His family is going to move. （强调整个家庭） 表示各个成 员 复数形式 His family are all eating. （强调家庭成员） police、people等作主语时 复数形式 The police are helping a girl look for her mother. 50 拓展1 all、any、enough、half、more、most、some作主语或修饰主语时，若主语表示复数 意义，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语表示单数意义或是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单 数形式。如： All of the apples are rotten.（所有的苹果都腐烂了。） All of the apple is rotten. （整个苹果都腐烂了。）#1.1.1.1 51 拓展2 主语为“分数/百分数+of+名词”时，其后的谓语形式取决于of后的名词的单复数。如： About 60% of the students in our school are boys. About 60% of the work is done. 52 三、就近一致原则——谓语的单复数取决于离谓语最近的主语的单复数形式 类别 谓语形式 示例 There be结构中 be动词常与离它近 的主语在数上保持 一致 There is a table and three chairs in Tom’s room. either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but （also）...、not...but... 连接两个并列主语时 谓语动词与离它较 近的主语在人称和 数上保持一致 Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle. 53 考点4 短文填空基础练 1.Although our _______（meal） look better, large amounts of sugar are often added. 2.Chinese Language Day _____（fall） on April 20th every year. 3.Xinzhou ancient city in Shanxi, with a history of more than 1,800 years, _____ （have） over 500 stores and restaurants. 4.A recent study shows that letter writing _______（make） the writer happy. 5.Neither Lily nor her parents ______（be） outdoors when the rainstorm came. 6.This is my good friend, Lucy. Not only she but also I ____（be） good at recycling. We often make some toys out of waste. meals falls has makes were am 54 7.Reading novels ___（be） her favorite way to relax. 8.There ___ a big tree behind the shop. You can see many birds in it. 9.The centre of the hurricane（飓风） is called the eye. Winds in the eye ____（be） not very strong. 10.There ___（be） some good advice and ways about how to use the Internet correctly and wisely. 11.Each of them ________（receive） a gift from the school every year. 12.Three years ___（be） a short time in one’s life. 13.Either you or he ___（be） responsible for the mistake. is is are is receives is is 55 考点5 动词的非谓语形式（没有人称和数的变化） 一、动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to，其否定式为“not+动词不 定式”。具体用法见下表：#1 功能 位置与常见用法 示例 作主 语 放句首，谓语动词用单数 To see is to believe.（to believe作表 语） 56 功能 位置与常见用法 示例 作主 语 通常用it作形式主语，真正的主语，即不 定式则被后置： it+is+adj.（+for/of sb.）+to do sth. it takes sb.+一段时间+to do sth. （做某事花费某人多少时间） It is important for us to work hard in order to have a better life. It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day. 续表 57 功能 位置与常见用法 示例 作宾 语 一些动词后常用不定式作宾语： afford/agree/want/hope/decide/wish/learn/ expect/fail/plan/promise/refuse/wait/...+to do sth. They can’t afford to buy a house. He decided to visit the family on Saturday evening. 有些动词后接动词不定式作宾语时，常 用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语，即不定 式后置：find/think+it+adj.+to do sth. I found it difficult to find a job in the city. 续表 58 功能 位置与常见用法 示例 作宾 语 动词不定式可以和疑问词连用作宾语： what/which/when/where/how+to do Nobody told us what to do next. We don’t know where to go. 作状 语 位于表示情绪、状态等的形容词后： be+adj.+to do sth. I am proud to stand with you. 表目的：to do/in order to do... A friend came to see me last night. To learn English well, you must study hard. 续表 59 功能 位置与常见用法 示例 作状 语 表结果：too+adj.+to do sth.（太……而不 能做某事） adj./adv.+enough+to do sth.（足够……做 某事） He is too young to go to school. He is old enough to go to school. 续表 60 功能 位置与常见用法 示例 作宾 语补 足语 位于宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明： advise/allow/ask/encourage/force/invite/ order/require/want/warn/teach/...+sb. （变被动后依然接to do）+to do sth. 注意：动词不定式在使役动词 （make、let、have等）和感官动词 （feel、hear等）后作宾语补足语时，通常 省略to She encouraged me to write. My mom advises me to do my homework first. All the students were asked to complete a questionnaire（问卷）. 续表 61 功能 位置与常见用法 示例 作定 语 动词不定式作定语时要后置： something/anything/nothing/物/人+to do I have some clothes to wash. I want something to eat. He has no place to live. 续表 62 二、动词的-ing形式 动词的-ing形式为在动词原形后加-ing构成；其否定形式为“not+动词的-ing形式”。动 词的-ing形式可以和助动词be一起构成进行时，还可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。具 体用法见下表：#1 功能 位置与常见用法 示例 作主语 放句首，谓语动词用单数 Swimming is good for health. 作宾语 一些动词 （enjoy/practice/finish/mind/miss/ keep/suggest/imagine/consider/avoid/...）后接动词的-ing形式 He practices speaking English every day. When playing in the hallways, students should avoid pushing each other. 63 功能 位置与常见用法 示例 作宾语 介词（of/to （to为介词时，后面接 动词的-ing形式，如be used to/look forward to+doing...） /for/after/by/about/...）后接动词的- ing形式 He helped me realize that travel is about learning cultures. 续表 64 功能 位置与常见用法 示例 作表语 My favourite hobby is collecting stamps. 作定语 They found another hiding place.（作前置定语） a highway leading into the mountains（作后置定语） 作状语 She was in the kitchen preparing supper. 作宾语 补足语 I can’t imagine Grandma riding a motorbike. 续表 65 三、动词的-ed形式 动词的-ed形式也叫过去分词，除了可以与助动词be一起构成被动语态，与have/has 一起构成现在完成时，还可以在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语或状语。具体用法见下 表： 功能 示例 作表语 He is not interested in research. 作定语 She had a pleased look on her face. 作宾语补 足语 We all wished the problem settled.（希望问题被解决） 作状语 Mr. Brown, deeply moved, thanked him again and again.（被深深地感 动） 66 考点5 一、短文填空基础练 1.She walked for a long time, and stopped ________（have） a rest under a tree. 2.It seemed that they decided _______（do）something without her. 3.Instead of _________（climb） Mount Impossible every day, you played on the smaller hills and became better at climbing. 4.Drivers learn the rules of the road and they learn how ______（be） better drivers. 5.I understand that _______（do） housework is more difficult than I used to imagine. 6.At the same time, relics protection organizations and tourism organizations should work together _________（make） this economic model better. to have to do climbing to be doing to make 67 7.Right now, Tech-Help is giving smart TV sets to families in Xinjiang. There are about 50 families on the ________（wait） list. 8.Mr. Chen is humorous and he often tells funny jokes to make us _______ （laugh）. 9.Our government has taken action _________（make） our lives in the countryside better. 10.As students, we spend most of our time in _________（study）. 11.You’re expected _________（shake） hands when meeting people for the first time in China. 12.On the bus ride home, Ann avoided _______（sit） next to Lily on purpose. 13.They have even asked governments ___________ （develop） laws to stop the sale of shark fins. waiting laugh to make studying to shake sitting to develop 68 二、短文填空综合练 Our community library decided _1. ________（run） a painting class. I told my friend Ella, and we both signed up. On the big day, our first task was to paint a white vase of cheerful yellow sunflowers against a blue background. We were asked _2. _________ （paint） our canvas （画布） blue. It was easy _3. __________ （follow） the instructor to move the brush. Although I had never painted before, I could tell I was a natural. I started _4. _________________（think） about where I would hang my new masterpiece. to run to paint to follow thinking/to think 69 Immediately after that, however, I began _5. _______________（have） problems. The first curved （弯曲的） line of my vase looked perfect, but when I painted the line on the opposite side, my hand slipped （打滑）. I tried to cover that white streak （条痕） with blue paint, but it didn’t work. While I was busy _6. _______（fix） my messy painting, the instructor explained how to paint the sunflower leaves. Things went downhill fast after that. My leaves looked like fat, green caterpillars （毛毛虫）. When I failed _7. _________ （clean） my paintbrush, I accidentally made the sunflowers green. I felt upset when I saw how good others’ paintings looked. to have/having fixing to clean Ella sweetly praised my sunflowers, perhaps _8. _______（feel） sorry for me. When I said that hers was much better, she looked surprised. “No, it isn’t. I messed up in at least five places.” After a few seconds, she asked, “Want to trade paintings?” Until that moment, I had only disliked my painting. And yet, for some reason, _9. _______（give） it away made me feel wrong. It wasn’t a perfect painting, but it was mine—the first one I had ever created. I knew Ella must have realized that she felt the same way when she suddenly shook her head and said, “Never mind.” My sunflower painting still hangs directly above my bed. I often look at it. Every time I look at it, it makes me _10. ______（smile）. It always brightens my day and brings warmth to my room. I really like it now.#1.7 feeling giving smile 一、短文填空基础练 1.We had a school trip last month and I ________（enjoy） every minute of it. 2.She decides _________（finish） math homework before dinner and review English during breaks. 3.Now Mary ___________（work） on a nature report and hopes to get some ideas from her parents. enjoyed to finish is working 72 4.By this year, I ___________（spend） the Spring Festival with my family for 14 years. 5.We were so excited and began to prepare for it. Some were discussing the story of the play. Some ______________（think） about the roles. 6.Next week, I __________（have） the last sports meet in junior high school. I hope to get good grades and have lots of fun. 7.His life _______________（influence） by his grandfather, who taught him to be honest and hard-working. have spent were thinking will have was influenced 解析 考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语His life与动词influence之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。根 据后文中的taught可知，时态为一般过去时。故填 was influenced。 73 8.In the dictionary, “to forgive” _______（mean） “to stop feeling angry with somebody that has done something to harm or upset you”. means 解析 考查一般现在时。陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语是动词不定式，谓语动词应用第三人称 单数形式。故填means。 9.Parents will _________（give） reports on their child’s progress and the right to discuss it with a teacher. 10.If viruses ____（get） under the skin, sometimes they can cause more serious diseases. 11.Twenty-six years ago, when I _____（lose） my legs, I had no idea what to expect. be given get lost 74 12.Stop _________（push） and just wait for your turn. pushing 解析 考查动词的-ing形式。stop doing sth.表示 “停止正在做的事”，这里指 “停止推挤”。故填 pushing。 13.If your experiences ____________（write） into the songs, your life will be more fun. 14.The space museum is very large and full of interesting and exciting objects _________（touch）. are written to touch 解析 考查动词不定式。此处应用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词 objects，指可以触摸的物体。故 填to touch。 75 二、短文填空综合练 （一） On January 20, 2025, a Chinese tech company _1. ______（make） a new AI called DeepSeek-R1. For these three months, DeepSeek _2. _____________（receive） a lot of attention on the Internet. Modern computers with AI are learning how to be creative by themselves. It _3. _________________（grow） very fast these days. AI can _4. ______（learn） things from humans, and then copy human behavior and human thinking. For example, AI can drive cars safely. It can even play and win a chess game against a human player. made has received is growing/grows learn 76 AI _5. ________（use） to create classical music too. It can copy human learning quickly, and this allows it _6. ______________（understand） the art of writing music. First, the AI composer（作曲家） _7. _______（listen） to famous composers’ works. Then it makes up its own classical melodies（旋律） and creates a piece of music in minutes. One AI composer has been registered（注册） as a composer. It _8. _____（have） full rights to its music, just like an excellent human composer does. Its musical pieces can _9. __________（hear） in movies, TV ads and video games. AI composers can learn _10. _________（make） different kinds of music. Above all, with more research and development, it _11. ____________（expect） to bring more ideas.#3 is used to understand listens has be heard to make is expected （二） My school life is busy but interesting. Now, I _1. _____________（listen） to the teacher in the classroom. I _2. ________________________（learn） English for six years and I can speak it well. Yesterday, we _3. ______（take） a math test. I hope I can get a good grade. We have two P.E. classes a week. I like P.E. best because I can _4. _____（play） basketball very well. Next week, there _5. ________（be） a basketball game. I _6. __________（take） part in it. There are different clubs in our school. I want to join the math club _7. ___________（improve） my math. The club activities _8. _________（hold） every Friday. Tina is my best friend. She often _9. ______（help） me with my math. On weekends, I usually do my homework first. Then I spend some time _10. ________（read） books. Sometimes, I go to the largest park in our city with my parents. am listening have learned/have learnt took play will be will take to improve are held helps reading 78 （三） Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） is magic to me. Years ago, I often _1. _____（have） headaches, and my life _2. _______________（influence） seriously. I tried many different methods. However, none of them _3. ________（work）. Luckily, I met with a doctor of TCM during my trip in China. He advised me _4. ________ （take） some Chinese medicine. So I did. To my surprise, my pain was gone within a week. Later, I found that TCM could be of great help to some illnesses lasting for a long time, such as _5. _________（sleep） problems. TCM _6. _______（think） that everyone is special, so each person might need different treatments. had was influenced worked to take sleeping thinks 79 The helpful methods in TCM also took my wife’s interest. With her support, I _7. ____________（run） a website to introduce TCM now. It is the first time I have introduced TCM. I want to help people understand that if they have some health problems, they can _8. ____（try） TCM.#1.2 am running try 三、完形填空 I first tried learning to ride a bike at about 5 years old. I was so excited. My father . .1. . me to a field in front of my house. The field was very big. There he . .2. . the bike from behind. Many times, he let go of the bike, but I . .3. ., got up, tried again, fell again, and got up. Feeling so sad, I finally . .4. .. A few years later, when I was in my fourth grade, all of my friends . .5. . to school. I still didn’t enjoy cycling much, but their bikes were very beautiful. To have a beautiful bike of my own, I . .6. . to learn to ride again. My friend Jerin was good at cycling, so I . .7. . her for help. I still had the same problem as before. That made me . .8. . heart. But Jerin was so patient that she helped me learn step by step. After . .9. . for five days, I was finally able to . .10. . on my own. 81 1.( ) A.carried B.took C.sent D.left B 解析 take sb. to sp.为固定搭配，意为 “带某人去某地”。此处指父亲带“我”去家门前的空地， took符合语境。故选B。 2.( ) A.repaired B.cleaned C.held D.broke C 解析 由下文中的“he let go of the bike”可知，此处指父亲从后面扶住了自行车。hold“使保持 （在某位置）”符合语境。故选C。 3.( ) A.jumped B.fell C.ran D.stood B 4.( ) A.gave up B.went out C.showed off D.turned down A 解析 由上文中的“Many times, he let go of the bike, but I...got up, tried again, fell again, and got up.”和“Feeling so sad”可知，“我”失败了很多次，感到很难过，并结合下文“我”还 不会骑自行车可知，我最终放弃了。 give up“放弃”，符合语境。故选A。 82 5.( ) A.ran B.drove C.rode D.walked C 6.( ) A.helped B.failed C.decided D.promised C 7.( ) A.asked B.told C.taught D.warned A 解析 由上文可知，“我”的朋友擅长骑车，所以“我”向她寻求帮助。ask sb. for help意为“向某 人求助”。故选A。 8.( ) A.find B.lose C.follow D.break B 9.( ) A.practising B.playing C.waiting D.watching A 10.( ) A.walk B.drive C.cycle D.swim C 83 谢谢观看 84 $