2026年中考英语一轮复习 专题一 名词 课件

该初中英语中考复习课件系统覆盖名词的数、所有格、用法及构词法三大核心考点，依据中考说明分析各考点考查频率，如名词复数规则变化与特殊形式占比40%，不可数名词量的表达占25%，并归纳短文填空等常考题型，体现备考针对性。 课件亮点在于“考点梳理+真题训练+技巧归纳”模式，通过规则变化表格、特殊形式对比表等培养学生语言能力，如短文填空“hero→heroes”解析强化复数规则应用，构词法后缀分类提升学习能力。助力学生掌握名词考点答题技巧，教师可依此制定精准复习计划，提升中考得分率。

专题一 名词 1 考点1 名词的数 名词按其是否可以计数分为可数名词和不可数名词。 一、可数名词 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数可数名词前一般有限定词,如冠词、指示代 词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等;单数可数名词变为复数形式会有一定的规则。#1 2 1.单数可数名词变复数的规则变化#1.1 规则 示例 一般在词尾加-s mistake—mistakes, customer—customers, place—places 以s, x, sh, ch结尾,在词尾加-es class—classes, box—boxes, wish—wishes, watch—watches 特例:stomach—stomachs 以y结 尾 “元音字母+y”,在词尾加-s boy—boys, toy—toys, way—ways “辅音字母+y”,把y变为i, 再加-es city—cities, family—families, activity—activities 3 规则 示例 以f或fe结尾,一般把f或fe变为v,再 加-es leaf—leaves, wolf—wolves, knife—knives 以o结 尾 有生命的,在词尾加-es potato—potatoes, tomato—tomatoes, hero— heroes 特例:kangaroo—kangaroos 无生命的,在词尾加-s radio—radios, piano—pianos, zoo—zoos, photo—photos 续表 4 2.可数名词复数的特殊形式 形式 示例 单数变复数时 元音字母变化 foot—feet, tooth—teeth, man—men, woman—women, Englishman— Englishmen, Frenchman—Frenchmen 单复数同形 fish(鱼), sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese 只用复数形式 glasses(眼镜), scissors, clothes(衣服), trousers, pants 本身可以表示 复数意义 people(人们), police(警察), cattle(牛) 其他特殊形式 mouse—mice, child—children 5 二、不可数名词 物质名词(无法区分个体的物质和材料)和抽象名词(抽象概念)一般为不可数名 词。 1.初中阶段常见的不可数名词#1.1 类别 示例 物质 名词 饮食类: milk, water, tea, coffee, soup, juice, meat, beef, pork, rice, bread, salt, cheese, butter 材料及物品类: glass, plastic, money, silver, gold, furniture(家具), equipment(设备), litter(垃圾) 自然类: air, light, rain, snow, fire, wind, ice, electricity 6 类别 示例 抽象 名词 学科类: Chinese, math, English, music, history, science 信息类: news(新闻;消息), advice(建议), information(信息), knowledge(知识), truth(真相) 感受类: surprise(惊讶), fun(快乐), happiness(幸福), peace (安静;和平), courage(勇气) 行为类: work(工作), exercise(锻炼), attention(注意), control (控制), help(帮助), trust(信任) 日常类: time(时间), homework, housework(家务), traffic(交通), progress(进展), success(成功) 续表 7 2.不可数名词“量”的表达 不可数名词一般不能用数来计算, 既没有单复数变化, 也不能和a/an连用。如果要表达 数量的多少, 常用“表示数量的词+单位词+of+不可数名词”。此结构中,数量决定单位词的 单复数形式。如:a glass of water (一杯水)、a piece of news (一则新闻)、three pieces of advice (三条建议)。 8 三、兼作可数名词与不可数名词的词 一些词既是可数名词又是不可数名词,作可数名词与不可数名词时,表达的意思不 同。如下表:#1 不可数 可数 不可数 可数 agreement同意 (an) agreement协议 practice实践 (a) practice惯常做的 事 experience经验 (an) experience经历 room空间;余地 (a) room房间 glass玻璃 (a) glass玻璃杯 success成功 (a) success成功的人 (或事物) paper纸 papers试卷;报纸;论文 space空间;太空 (a) space空隙;空子 9 不可数 可数 不可数 可数 pity 同情 (a) pity 遗憾 (的事物) time 时间 times次数 orange 橙汁 (an) orange 橙子 work工作 (a) work 著作;作品 light 光 (a) light 电灯 exercise 锻炼 (an) exercise 训练活 动;练习 续表 10 四、名词的量的修饰语 类别 示例 修饰可数名词 单数 a/an/one, this, that, every/each, first/second等序数词 复数 few, a few, several, these, those, both, many, a couple of, a number of, two/three等大于1的基数词 修饰不可数名词 little, a little, much, a bit of, a large amount of 既能修饰可数名词复数,又 能修饰不可数名词 some, any, a lot of/lots of, plenty of, most, all, the rest of(其余的) 注意 “one/either/both/neither+of ”修饰可数名词复数。如:one of the problems、 either of the books。 11 考点1 短文填空基础练 1.When Mr. Zhao got to my desk, he looked at my picture and said, “Wow! I like those bright _(color)! That’s great!” 2.Now there are tigers of different _(size) and the largest can be over two meters tall. 3.Everyone loves a personal touch. It makes enjoyable memories (回忆). Some people save _(letter) and look at them over the years. 4.Some of my _(hero) are real people, and some are from stories. colors sizes letters heroes 12 5.When I face difficulties in my studies, my teacher always offers some _ (advice) on how to learn English. 6.In these _(garden), each plant has its own story to tell. 7.The Truffauts played _(game) and shared traditional food with her. 8.To complete the handicraft(手工艺) project, I need two _(piece) of paper to draw on. 9.Hurricanes (飓风) can be strong enough to break _(window) into pieces. 10.First, heat the pots and tea cups with warm water. Then, put some tea _ (leaf) into the teapot. Next, pour hot water from a specific height. 11.For _(century), Western medicine paid little attention to traditional Chinese medicine. advice gardens games pieces windows leaves centuries 13 12.People had rebuilt the bridge many _ (time). But it was still washed away over and over again. 13.The sun disappears for months in the northernmost part of the country. People have to wear very heavy _(coat) to keep warm. 14.Do you know Stonehenge? It’s one of Britain’s most famous historical _ (place). 15.The product can meet the needs of parents and _(child). 16.He could learn several new _(skill) with the help of Nathan. It would be an exciting experience. 17.He remembered that as a child, he and all his _(friend) called this hill Mount Impossible, because small children couldn’t reach its top. times coats places children skills friends 14 18.“The historical relics (遗迹) in China’s ancient _(city) have made me want to learn more about the country’s past,” Mohammed said. 19.She plants different _(kind) of beautiful flowers in her garden. cities kinds 15 考点2 名词所有格 名词所有格主要表示名词与名词之间的关系,即被修饰的名词与修饰它的名词之间 的所属关系。具体形式如下图: 16 考点2 短文填空基础练 1.We offered to look after our _(neighbor) dog when she was away. 2.I spent one _(night) time making a video Mei Lanfang and His Hometown to take part in the “Tell China’s Stories” contest. 3.Three years ago, I paid a visit to my _ (uncle) home in Sydney. 4.My _(grandmother) garden is very nice. 5.The _(bird) example is just one that we learned from nature. 6.Later, with other _(people) help, he cheered up and made a living by making shoes. 7. _(Tony and Peter) father is a pilot. He has been to many countries. neighbor’s night’s uncle’s grandmother’s bird’s/birds’ people’s Tony and Peter’s 17 考点3 名词的用法及构词法 一、名词的用法 功能 位置 示例 作主 语 用于动词之前,即 “n.+make/have/is/are/...” Scientists developed a way to read minds. 作宾 语 用于动词或介词后,即 “make/have/for/of/about/with/... +n.” Never meet strangers we know online. Dave’s dog always greets him with excitement. 作表 语 用于系动词后,即 “be/become/keep/...+n.” Cassie wants to be a designer when she grows up. 18 二、名词构词法变形归类 1.动词 名词 后缀 例词 -er/-or report—_, act—_, visit—_, invent— _, compete—_ -ion protect—_, suggest—_, pollute—_, communicate—_, prepare—_, imagine— _, invite—_, pronounce—_, decide—_ -ment agree—_, improve—_, develop—_, achieve—_, manage—_, argue—_ reporter actor visitor inventor competitor protection suggestion pollution communication preparation imagination invitation pronunciation decision agreement improvement development achievement management argument 19 后缀 例词 -ance/- ence perform—_, appear—_, depend—_ -ing feel—_, train—_, begin—_ 其他 die—_, fly—_, choose—_, weigh—_, discover— _, succeed—_, advise—_, please—_, fail— _, serve—_ performance appearance dependence feeling training beginning death flight choice weight discovery success advice pleasure failure service 续表 20 2.形容词 名词 后缀 例词 -y/-ty/-ity difficult—_, honest—_, safe—_, electric— _, creative—_, able—_, responsible— _ -ness shy—_, sad—_, kind—_ -ance/-ence different—_, important—_, silent—_, patient—_ -th true—_ -er teenage—_, strange—_ 其他 high—_, wise—_, free—_ difficulty honesty safety electricity creativity ability responsibility shyness sadness kindness difference importance silence patience truth teenager stranger height wisdom freedom 21 3.名词 名词 后缀 例词 -an/-ian America—_, India—_, music—_ -ist art—_, tour—_, piano—_, science—_ -ship friend—_ -hood child—_, neighbor—_ -er office—_, village—_ American Indian musician artist tourist pianist scientist friendship childhood neighborhood officer villager 易错提示 空处填名词时,在转换成恰当的名词后,还需要注意是否需要用复数形式或 名词所有格。 22 考点3 短文填空基础练 1.After a two-week training, I became more skilled and got closer to them day by day. I also received much _(please) when playing with them. pleasure 2.—What did you do in class this morning, Sally? —We had a _(discuss) about Chinese culture. discussion 3.Amy is my best friend. She’s always there to be a good _(listen). 4.He draws a picture beside the poem to help show the _(mean) of the Chinese poem. listener meaning 23 5.When Dave goes back home from school, his dog always greets him at the door with _(excite). 6.The _(connect) between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. 7.There aren’t any _(different) between the teen mode and the normal mode in some apps. excitement connection differences 8.“There is a _(possible) that a lot of communication is happening,” Professor Hadany said, “because other plants can probably hear the call of the stressed plants.” possibility 9.“Don’t you like it, Danny?”our teacher Mr. Sims asked with _(kind). 10.Tourists can see many western-style _(build) in Shanghai Disneyland. kindness buildings 24 11.The _(invent) of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper- cutting, but it was very useful in our daily life. 12.Cassie loves chocolate so much. That explains why it’s hard for her to lose _(weigh). invention weight 25 一、短文填空基础练 1.The disease took away the _(boy) eyesight, part of his hearing and his ability to play his favorite sport. 2.On September 19, 2024, four junior high school students from Gansu Province became _(hero). boy’s heroes 解析 考查名词复数。根据“four junior high school students”可知,用hero的复数形式。故填 heroes。 3.She saw many amazing plants and took lots of _(photo) of them. 4.The teacher said, “ _(safe) comes first.” photos Safety 26 5.When we visit them, they will welcome us warmly. Also, they will treat us to many kinds of _(dish). dishes 解析 考查名词复数。根据“many kinds of”可知,此处用可数名词复数,dish的复数形式是dishes。 故填dishes。 6.I patiently helped and encouraged them. It was a _(please) to make progress step by step! 7.You don’t need to wait until you’re an adult to take part in community _(serve). You can develop good habits now. 8.For many people, one of _(life) greatest pleasures is spending a few hours in a bookshop looking through the books. pleasure service/services life’s 27 9.Paul’s milk was drunk and my apples were eaten by a family of _(mouse)! 10.For further information on _(tomorrow) weather conditions, call the hotline below. 11.It’s important to learn from _(mistake) and become stronger. mice tomorrow’s mistakes 解析 考查名词复数。mistake表示“错误”,是可数名词,此处表泛指,应该用复数形式,故填 mistakes。 28 二、短文填空综合练 (一) As a key part of Chinese culture, the Spring Festival is one of the most important _1. _(festival) of China. It is also known as the Chinese New Year because it celebrates the _2. _(begin) of new life. At the start of the first week of the New Year, people visit _3. _(friend) and relatives. The second week ends with the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth _4. _(day) of the month. The first day of the Spring Festival is always special. _5. _(family) get together and have a big meal. The table is filled with all _6. _(kind) of festivals beginning friends day Families kinds 29 delicious food. At the festival, we often wear red clothes and hang red lanterns happily. Why are these things red? There is a story about it. Long ago, there was a monster in China. People called it Nian. Every New _7. _(year) Eve, it came out to eat _8. _(animal) and even people, so people in the village hid in the mountains. At last, an old man in red drove the monster away with red lanterns. Now people like red things at the festival, believing that they will bring good luck in the coming year. The red lanterns and clothes not only keep the bad luck away but also add _9. _(happy) to the festival, making every moment full of _10. _(warm) and joy.#1.1 Year’s animals happiness warmth (二) Country music was the folk music of the American countryside. Many of the songs tell about the _1. _(farmer) lives. They talk about love, crops or _2. _(die). The life in the countryside can be hard, so the _3. _(word) in country music are often sad. At first, people played music only at family _4. _ (party). But it became more popular later. In the 1920s, people played country songs on the radio, and they made them into records. When people in the countryside moved to towns and _5. _(city) to look for work, they took their music with them. In this way, country music became popular across America. farmers’ death words parties cities 31 谢谢观看 32 $