语法复习第9讲定语从句讲义-2026届高三英语一轮复习

第9讲　定语从句　 考点1　关系代词that、which、as 1. 只用that不用which的情况。 (1) 先行词是all、much、little、something、 everything、 anything、 nothing、 none 等不定代词时。 Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position. (2) 先行词被the only、 any、 few、 no、 every 等修饰时。 (3) 先行词是形容词的最高级、序数词或被最高级、序数词修饰时。 (4) 先行词中既有人又有物时。 (5) 主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 (6) 先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。 China is no longer the country that it used to be. 2. 只用which不用that的情况。 (1) 关系代词前有介词时。 (2) 引导非限制性定语从句时。 (3) 先行词为that或whose时。 (4) which用作定语时。 He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him. 3. the same...as表示相似或同类的东西。 the same...that...表示同一人或物。 4. such/so...as...像……那样(从句缺少成分,为定语从句) such/so...that...如此……以至于……(从句不缺成分,为状语从句)。 This is such an easy question as I can answer. This is such an easy question that I can answer it. 5. as/which。 (1) as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前,也可以在主句后,有时还插入主句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句后。 (2) as意为“正如”,后面的谓语动词多为see、 know、 expect、 say、mention、 report等;which意为“这一点”“这件事”等。 Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected. There is no simple answer, as is often the case in science. 【点津】 (1)that引导定语从句时,先行词既可以是人,也可以是物。(2)定语从句的引导词作从句主语时,其谓语动词要与先行词单复数一致。 【题组训练】 1. The man waiting for the interview is the same man ______I talked to in the elevator.Look!He is wearing the same hat ______I’m wearing now.  A. that; as B.as; the B. as; which D.who; as 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:等着面试的那个人就是我在电梯里和他说话的那个人。看!他戴的帽子和我现在戴的一样。根据句意,第一空引导定语从句,the same修饰先行词man,表示同一个人,关系词在从句中作宾语,应用关系代词that引导;第二空引导定语从句,先行词是hat,此处表示同类事物,应用关系代词as引导。故选A。 2. (2025·天津静海区模拟)—How are things going, Mr White? —Well, they have set out to deal with the present situation ______they think deserves their immediate attention.  A.what B.where C.when D.which 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意:——最近怎么样,怀特先生?——嗯,他们已经着手处理他们认为值得立即关注的现状。they think是插入语,句中the present situation为定语从句的先行词,指物,故引导词用which,故选D。 3. (2025·天津滨海新区模拟)______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.  A.Which B.When C.As D.What 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意:和往常这种情况一样,我们制订了生产计划。as is often the case这是常有的事,和往常这种情况一样。本句as引导非限制性定语从句,位于句首,指代后面的整个句子,作主语。which不能位于句首。故选C。 4. (2025·天津五区重点校模拟)Nowadays, lots of universities share teaching resources online, creating a learning space ______benefits life-long learners.  A.which B.who C.where D.what 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:如今,许多大学在网上共享教学资源,创造了一个有利于终身学习者的学习空间。本空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是space,指物,关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。故选A。 5. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ______can be very eye-opening and rewarding.  A.who B.which C.what D.that 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:通过服务他人,一个人关注的是别人而不是自己,这是非常开阔眼界和有益的。先行词是前面整个句子,用which引导。故选B。 6. A lot of language learning, ______has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.  A.what B.that C.where D.as 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意:正如人们所发现的那样,许多语言学习是在生命的第一年进行的,所以在那个时期父母应该多跟孩子说话。根据句子结构可知,空格处为非限制性定语从句的引导词,先行词为一个句子,关系词在定语从句中作主语,有“正如,正像”之意,且定语从句是被动语态,所以应该用关系代词as引导定语从句。故选D。 7. (2025·天津南仓中学模拟)The Great Pyramid is such a famous place of interest in the world ______every tourist dreams of paying a visit to.  A.where B.that C.what D.as 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意:大金字塔是世界上著名的名胜古迹,每个游客都梦想着去参观。该空引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a famous place of interest,先行词指物,关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作宾语,先行词被such修饰,应用关系代词as引导定语从句。故选D。 【备选】 1. What Chinese lawmakers begin to consider is a proposed revision to the country’s Food Safety Law, ______includes mandatory(强制性) labeling of GM food.  A. one　　　 B.the one which B. one that D.the one that 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意:中国立法者开始考虑对国家《食物安全法》提出修订,其中包括了要在转基因食品上强制性地贴上标签。根据对句意的理解和分析可知后半个分句在句中起到对前句中的《食品安全法》解释说明的作用,one指代Food Safety Law作同位语,that在定语从句中作主语。故选C。 2. ______ is often the case, a small child will feel unhappy and cry a lot the first time he or she goes to kindergarten.  A.As　　B.Which　　C.That　　D.What 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:情况总是这样,一个小孩第一次上幼儿园时总会不高兴并会大哭不止。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句,当从句位于句首时,必须使用as引导。 考点2　关系代词who、whose、whom 1. who和 whom 的用法。 who和whom为关系代词,都用来指代人,在句中充当成分。who可以作主语和宾语,介词后只能用whom。 The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,who are content with their current life. 2. whose的用法。 whose指人或物,作定语,意思为“ ……的”,可转化为“of+which/whom”,表示前后名词之间存在所属关系。 The prize will go to the writer whose story/of whom the story shows the most imagination. 【点津】 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。one of+n.+定语从句(从句谓语动词用复数); the only one of+n.+定语从句(从句谓语动词用单数)。 【题组训练】 1. (2025·天津河东区模拟) I went to that fancy restaurant with my wife yesterday, ______chefs are really brilliant.  A.when　　B.which　　C.who　　D.whose 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意:我昨天和我妻子去了那家高级餐厅,那里的厨师真是太棒了。空处引导定语从句,先行词是that fancy restaurant,chef与其构成所属关系,因此用whose引导,在定语从句中作定语。故选D。 2. We all Chinese people are called on to learn from Lei Feng, ______we think has set a good example to all of us.  A.whose B.who C.that D.whom 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:我们所有的中国人都应该向雷锋学习,我们认为他为我们树立了一个好榜样。这是个非限制性定语从句,先行词是Lei Feng,表人,关系词在从句中作主语,因此,只能用who,故选B。 3. She is just the girl, with ______my brother came to visit me last month.  A.whom B.her C.that D.who 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:她就是上个月和我哥哥一起来看望我的那个女孩。此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是the girl,指人,且从句中缺少with的宾语,应用whom。故选A。 4. (2025·天津第五十四中学模拟)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ______lives were affected.  A.whose B.that C.who D.which 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:这本书透过生活受到地震影响的人们的视角讲述地震的故事。本题的先行词是those,表示人,定语从句的主语是lives,与先行词构成所属关系,所以应用关系代词whose引导。故选A。 5. (2025·天津实验中学模拟)Mr Smith was really a very great teacher, ______lectures we benefited a lot about communication skills.  A. from whom B.of whom B. from whose D.of whose 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意:史密斯先生真是一位非常棒的老师,关于沟通技巧我们从他的讲座中受益匪浅。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,lectures与teacher之间为从属关系,应用whose在从句中作定语,且结合句意,此处表示“我们从他的讲座中受益匪浅”,benefit from sth.表示“从某物中受益”,所以空处应用from whose引导从句。故选C。 6. (2025·天津滨海新区模拟)Ms Yao is a patient teacher ______I have the greatest respect and she is popular with the students.  A. who B.to which B. whom D.for whom 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意:姚老师是一位有耐心的老师,我非常尊敬她,她很受学生的欢迎。分析句子可知,此处为“介词for+关系代词whom”引导的定语从句,先行词teacher在从句中作介词for的宾语,have respect for sb.“尊敬……”为固定搭配,此处为介词for的前置。故选D。 【备选】 1. My eldest son, ______work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.  A.that　　B.whose　　C.his　　　D.who 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:我的大儿子现在在纽约,他的工作需要他去世界各地出差。本句是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是my eldest son,在定语从句中作名词work的定语,故要用whose。 2. When Hank sang a sad song, those ______listened knew that it was something about his bitter childhood.  A.that B.which C.who D.whom 【解析】选C。句意:当Hank唱着一首悲伤的歌的时候,听的人都知道那是关于他痛苦的童年的。空处引导定语从句,先行词是those,指人,且空处在从句中作主语,故用who。 3. Her sister, ______you met at my home, was a teacher of English.  A.whom B.that C.which D.what 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:你在我家见过的她的姐姐是一名英语教师。句中先行词为Her sister,在非限制性定语从句中作动词met的宾语,所以用关系代词whom引导。故选A。 4. Those ______achieve great things are the ones willing to be scared but not scared off.  A.what B.who C.which D.whom 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:那些取得伟大成就的人是那些愿意被吓到但不会被吓倒的人。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词Those指人,因此空格处用关系代词who,故选B。 考点3 关系副词 when、where、why引导定语从句 1. when的用法。 先行词为时间名词,可用when引导定语从句,when在从句中作时间状语,可用介词+which替代。 I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 2. where的用法。 先行词为地点名词,可用where引导定语从句,where在从句中作地点状语,可用介词+which替代。 (2025·天津汇文中学模拟) Eventually, the butterfly manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter. 3. why的用法。 先行词是表示原因的名词reason时,可以用why引导定语从句,why在定语从句中作原因状语,可用for which代替。reason的常见句型为:The reason why...is that...意为“……的原因是……”。 【点津】 (1)当way表示方法、方式作先行词时,且定语从句中缺少状语时,后面的定语从句用that/in which,也可以省略关系词。 I don’t like the way you talk to your parents. (3) 一些名词是表示抽象的地点,其后面的定语从句如果缺少状语时,用where引导定语从句,这类名词有:family、 job、 work、 situation、 case、 condition、 point、 stage等。 (4) occasion和interval后面的定语从句常用when引导。 【题组训练】 1. We live in an age ______more information is available with great ease than ever before.  A.why B.when C.to whom D.on which 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:我们生活在一个比以前任何时候都能更轻松地获取更多信息的时代。本句的先行词是an age;这个定语从句主语是more information,谓语部分是一个系表结构,所以应该使用关系副词,an age指时间,故使用when。 2. I don’t know the reason ______he left without saying anything.  A.when B.where C.why D.which 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意:我不知道他什么也没说就走了的原因。本句是定语从句,先行词为the reason,先行词在从句中作原因状语,用关系副词why。故选C。 3. (2025·天津耀华中学模拟) Care of the soul is a process ______even the small details of life should be considered.  A.when B.what C.where D.which 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意:对心灵的关爱是一个过程,在这个过程中即使是生活中的小细节也应该被考虑在内。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词a process,这里表示“在这个过程中”,关系词指代先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故选C。 4. (2025·天津耀华中学模拟) The reason ______Lucy gave for not being present at the board meeting was ______the hurricane prevented her from coming.  A. /; because B./; that B. why; that D.why;/ 【解析】选B。考查定语从句和名词性从句。句意:露西给出的没有出席董事会的理由是飓风阻止了她前来。第一空引导定语从句,修饰先行词reason,在从句中作gave的宾语,故用that、which或省略关系代词;第二空引导表语从句,从句不缺少成分,句意完整,故用that。故选B。 5. I know I’ve put my passport in a place ______I thought it would be safe,but now I can’t remember it.  A.which B.that C.where D.what 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意:我知道我把护照放在了一个我以为会很安全的地方,但现在我记不起来了。分析句子结构可知,句中含有定语从句,先行词是place,从句中缺少状语,所以用关系副词where引导该从句。 6. I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ______I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.  A.when B.where C.which D.why 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:一直到五年级我才成为一名认真的攀爬者,那个时候我为了拿回挂在树枝上的风筝而爬上了树。the fifth grade是先行词,定语从句缺少时间状语,故用when来引导,故选A。 7. (2025·天津河西区模拟)Error correction in a language class should never be carried to the point ______it discourages students from getting involved.  A.where B.which C.how D.when 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:语言课上的纠错绝不能达到让学生不敢参与的程度。空处引导定语从句,先行词the point,指抽象地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,需用关系副词where引导。故选A。 【备选】 1. In the spring, a season ______we are learning new rhythms of life, many of us find comfort in the natural world.  A.when B.where C.what D.which 【解析】 选A。考查定语从句。句意:在春天,一个我们学习新的生活节奏的季节,我们中的许多人在大自然中找到了安慰。season是先行词,______ we are learning new rhythms of life是定语从句,空处在定语从句中作时间状语,所以选A。  【易错误区】when还是which (1) 误导原因:在定语从句中,当先行词是表示时间的名词时,后面的定语从句的引导词用when、which或that。 (2) 去伪存真:引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作状语,相当于in/on which。which在定语从句中作主语、宾语和表语。此处定语从句主谓宾都齐全,所以缺少状语。 2. (2023·天津高考)Kenny still remembers the class discussion ______the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up.  A.why B.which C.that D.where 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意:Kenny仍然记得课堂上的讨论,老师要求学生们分享他们长大后想成为什么样的人。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词the class discussion。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,意为“在课堂讨论中”,是“模糊地点”,所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选D。 考点4　介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句 1. 考查定语从句中动词与介词的搭配。 Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future. 2. 考查定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配习惯。 He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar. 3. 考查根据句意或者先行词与介词的搭配习惯确定介词。 I am looking for my glasses,without which I can’t watch TV clearly. 4. 考查表示所属关系的of which/whom。 She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which/whose construction had taken more than three years. 注意:the+n.+of which(whom)可与whose+n.互换。 5. 考查表示整体与部分关系的of which/whom。 The buses,most of which were already full,were surrounded by the angry crowd. 6. 考查表示同位关系的of which/whom。 She brought with her three friends,none of whom I had ever met before. 【点津】 选择介词的三个原则: 1 根据句子意思表达的需要; 2 根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯; 3 根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯。 【辨析】定语从句与几种句式和从句的区别 与并列句的区别 如果两个句子之间是分号,或有and、but、so等连接词,则为并列句;如果两个句子之间是逗号,且没有上述的连接词,则这两个句子之间就是主从关系,须有一个引导词引导定语从句 与强调句型的区别 判断强调句型的关键在于把“It is/was...that...”去掉后,主句的意思和结构是完整的 与状语从句的区别 状语从句通常没有先行词,整个从句在复合句中作时间、地点或原因等状语,而定语从句对先行词起修饰限定作用 与同位语从句的区别 ①定语从句对先行词起修饰、限定作用;而同位语从句对先行词起解释、说明作用;②在定语从句中,that既起连接作用,又须在定语从句中充当句子成分;而在同位语从句中,that只起连接作用,不充当句子成分;③限制性定语从句通常翻译成“……的”,而同位语从句通常翻译成“即”,也可用冒号或破折号表示 【题组训练】 1. (2025·天津模拟)There are many mysteries about dinosaurs ______we long to find explanations.  A. to which　　　 B.in which B. with which D.for which 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意:有很多关于恐龙的谜团,我们渴望找到解释。find explanations for,意思是“为……找到解释;对……作出解释”。句中先行词为mysteries,指物,关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作介词for的宾语,所以用关系代词which引导。故选D。 2. Football is a very popular sport, ______many people like to compete.  A. at which B.for which B. in which D.with which 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:足球是一项非常受欢迎的运动,许多人喜欢为之比赛。分析句子可知,本句为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,compete for“为……比赛”是固定搭配,所以定语从句中的介词用for,先行词为sport,指物,关系代词用which。故选B。 3. (2025·天津第七中学模拟) You were rude to your classmate, ______you should make an apology.  A. with whom B.for which B. for whom D.in which 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:你对你的同学太没礼貌了,你应该为此道歉。make an apology for sth.为某事道歉,关系代词which指代前面整个主句内容,并在非限制性定语从句中作介词for的宾语,故选B。 4. (2025·天津第四中学模拟)The Amazon River,______ the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.  A. along which B.of which B. from which D.to which 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意:亚马孙河,亚马孙雨林的名字由此而来,其长度接近6 400千米,大约比长江长100千米。题干中句子主干是The Amazon River is close to 6,400 kilometres in length。______the...name是定语从句修饰前面的The Amazon River。在定语从句中,the rainforest是句子主语,“由……得名”,从意思上name后面应使用介词from,关系词作介词from的宾语,所以填from which。  5. (2025·天津南仓中学模拟)This semester our school offers many optional courses for the students, ______appeals to many students.  A. each of which B.all of whom B. each of whom D.all of which 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:这学期我们学校为学生开设了很多选修课,每一门课都吸引了很多学生。本句为定语从句,修饰先行词courses,且先行词在从句中作主语,指物,故用关系代词which,故排除B、C选项;又因从句中谓语动词appeals为第三人称单数形式,故此处应为强调“每一门”,故选A。 6. Most of the characters in Aesop’s stories are animals,the qualities ______Aesop used to reflect human traits and wisdom.  A. of which B.with which B. from whom D.of whom 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:伊索故事中的角色大多是动物,伊索用动物的特质来反映人类的特质和智慧。先行词animals在非限制性定语从句中作介词of的宾语,指物,用关系代词which引导从句,the qualities of which相当于whose qualities。故选A。 跟踪检测·自我评估 1. (2025·天津第四十七中学模拟)Have you ever been to the museum ______a large number of famous oil paintings are displayed?  A.whose B.where C.that D.which 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:你去过那个陈列着大量著名油画的博物馆吗?空处引导定语从句,先行词the museum,在从句中作地点状语,需用关系副词where引导。故选B。 2. (2025·天津河西区模拟)Soon children in the camp had many new friends,______ they shared food, stories, and projects.  A. for which B.with whom B. of which D.to whom 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。share sth.with sb. 是固定搭配,意为 “与某人分享某物”。在这个句子中,先行词是new friends,指人,在定语从句中作shared的宾语,所以用with whom来引导定语从句,还原后的句子为 “they shared food, stories, and projects with many new friends”,故选B。 3. Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ______routes round a city or a site are often suggested.  A. for which B.with which B. for whom D.with whom 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意:旅游指南是为了给游客提供方便的,里面有建议游客参观一个城市或景点的线路。分析句子成分可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词traveler;结合句意,路线是给游客提供,故需要用介词for表示“给……”,先行词为人,故for后用whom。故选C项。 4. (2025·天津第一百中学模拟)Despite some difficulties, there are special moments ______make it worthwhile for moms to take care of children at home.  A.when B.where C.which D.what 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意:尽管有一些困难,但也有一些特殊的时刻,让妈妈们在家里照顾孩子是值得的。句中moments是先行词,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以由that/which引导。故选C。 5. (2025·天津第四中学模拟)Bella, who is always cheerful, creates a friendly work atmosphere in her office every day, ______her colleagues find pleasant and relaxing.  A.where B.which C.when D.that 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:贝拉总是很开朗,每天在她的办公室里营造友好的工作氛围,她的同事们觉得这样的氛围轻松愉快。句中atmosphere为先行词,在非限制性定语从句中作动词find的宾语,所以用关系代词which引导。故选B。 6. Because of health problems, Peter cannot continue to work at the same full pace ______he has done up to now.  A.as B.which C.when D.where 【解析】选A。考查连词。句意:由于健康问题,彼得不能继续像现在这样全速工作了。分析句子可知,pace是先行词,在后面的定语从句中作宾语;根据the same可知,定语从句应使用结构“the same...as...”,故选A。 7. (2025·天津第一百中学模拟)The world of sport is a place full of exciting opportunities ______you can truly learn more about yourself.  A.that B.when C.where D.what 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意:体育世界是一个充满令人兴奋的机会的地方,在那里你可以真正更多地了解你自己。根据句子结构可知,“______ you can truly learn more about yourself”是以名词“a place”为先行词的定语从句,关系词在从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导从句。故选C。  8. (2025·天津模拟)I’m very grateful to my high school teachers, without ______devotion I wouldn’t have made such rapid progress.  A.which B.who C.whose D.whom 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意:我非常感激我的高中老师,没有他们的付出,我就不会有如此快的进步。分析可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词代替先行词teachers在从句中作名词devotion的定语,构成所属关系,应用关系代词whose。故选C。 9. Don’t talk about such things ______you are not sure of, ______is what you should keep in mind.  A. as;which B.as;that B. that;as D.what;where 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:不要谈论你拿不准的事,这一点请你牢记在心。第一空为such...as结构的定语从句。第二空为非限制性定语从句,用which指代上文所说的内容。故选A。 - 19 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $