内容正文:
第02讲 下册Unit 2 Language and communication
(寒假预习讲义)
内容导航——预习三步曲
第一步:学
析教材 学知识:教材精讲精析、全方位预习
练习题 讲典例:教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法
练考点 强知识:核心考点精准练
第二步:记
串知识 识框架:思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握
第三步:测
过关测 稳提升:小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升
1. Do you mind if I sit here?(你介意我坐在这里吗?)
【解析】“Do you mind if ...?”是礼貌征求他人同意的固定句型,意为“你介意……吗?”,语气委婉得体。
① 肯定回答(表示不介意):常见表达有“No, I don’t mind.”“Not at all.”“Go ahead.”“Of course not.”。
— Do you mind if I open the window?(你介意我开窗吗?)
— Not at all.(一点也不介意。)
② 否定回答(表示介意):常用“I’m sorry.”“I’d rather you didn’t.”,避免直接拒绝显得生硬。
— Do you mind if I smoke here?(你介意我在这里抽烟吗?)
— I’m sorry. This is a no-smoking area.(抱歉,这里是无烟区。)
【拓展】“mind doing sth.”也是高频搭配,表“介意做某事”。
— Do you mind my using your pen?(你介意我用一下你的笔吗?)
— No problem.(没问题。)
【易错点】mind 后接动名词作宾语,不可接不定式(如 mind to do 错误);“Do you mind if ...?”从句中用一般现在时表将来,不用 will。
【记忆提示】征求同意用“Mind if”,动名词跟后面,不介意用“Not at all”,介意委婉说“I’m sorry”。
2. It doesn’t matter.(没关系。)
【解析】“It doesn’t matter.”是回应道歉的常用语,表“没关系、不要紧”,用于安抚对方情绪。
① 常见搭配场景:对方道歉后,用此句表示原谅。
— I’m sorry for being late.(对不起,我迟到了。)
— It doesn’t matter.(没关系。)
② 同义表达:“Never mind.”“That’s OK.”“Don’t worry about it.”,用法完全一致。
— I’m sorry I broke your pen.(对不起,我弄坏了你的笔。)
— Never mind. I have another one.(不要紧,我还有一支。)
【易错点】注意句型结构,matter 是动词,否定形式需加助动词 doesn’t,不可说“It not matter.”。
【记忆提示】回应道歉不用慌,“It doesn’t matter”来帮忙,同义表达记几个,交流灵活不重样。
3. I apologise for misunderstanding you.(我为误解你而道歉。)
【解析】“apologise”(也可写作 apologize)是动词,表“道歉”,核心搭配为“apologise for doing sth.”,意为“为做某事而道歉”。
① 基本用法:for 后接动名词,说明道歉的原因。
He apologised for missing the meeting.(他为错过会议而道歉。)
② 名词形式:apology,常用搭配“make an apology to sb. for sth.”(因某事向某人道歉)。
She made an apology to me for her rudeness.(她为自己的无礼向我道歉。)
【辨析】apologise 与 say sorry:apologise 更正式,say sorry 更口语化。
— I need to apologise to my teacher.(我需要向老师道歉。)(正式)
— Just say sorry to her. She’ll forgive you.(跟她说声对不起就行,她会原谅你的。)(口语)
【易错点】apologise 后接 for 而非 to 表示原因(如 apologise to misunderstanding 错误);make an apology 中 apology 是可数名词,需加 an。
【记忆提示】“apologise for 动名词”,名词形式“apology”,“make an apology to sb.”,正式口语都能用。
4. Emojis help me show my feelings more clearly than words.(表情符号比语言更能清楚地表达我的感受。)
【解析】(1)“more clearly”是副词 clear 的比较级形式,用于两者之间的比较,表“更清楚地”。
① 副词比较级变化规则:
- 单音节和部分双音节副词:加 -er(如 fast → faster, hard → harder)。
- 多音节副词(如形容词 + ly 构成的副词):加 more(如 clearly → more clearly, carefully → more carefully)。
② 比较级句型:A + 实义动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B(A 比 B 更……)。
She sings more beautifully than her sister.(她比她姐姐唱得更动听。)
(2)“show one’s feelings”是固定短语,表“表达某人的感受”。
He used a smile to show his happiness.(他用微笑表达自己的开心。)
【易错点】副词比较级修饰动词时,需放在动词后;多音节副词变比较级必须加 more,不可直接加 er(如 clearlier 错误)。
【记忆提示】副词比较级看音节,单音节加 er,多音节前加 more,修饰动词放后面,than 连接两对象。
5. Understanding cultural differences allows us to communicate more effectively.(理解文化差异能让我们更有效地沟通。)
【解析】(1)“Understanding cultural differences”是动名词短语作主语,动名词(动词 -ing 形式)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
① 同类例句:Reading is a good habit.(阅读是个好习惯。)
Swimming keeps us healthy.(游泳让我们保持健康。)
(2)“allow sb. to do sth.”是核心搭配,表“允许某人做某事”。
The teacher allows us to use dictionaries in the exam.(老师允许我们在考试中使用词典。)
(3)“more effectively”是副词 effective 的比较级,effective 是多音节词,比较级加 more,表“更有效地”。
【易错点】动名词作主语时,谓语动词不可用复数(如 Understanding... allow 错误);allow 后接不定式作宾语补足语(allow sb. to do),不可接动名词(如 allow sb. doing 错误)。
【记忆提示】动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数;“allow sb. to do”记清楚,多音节副词比较级前加 more。
6. English is one of the most widely used languages in the world.(英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一。)
【解析】(1)“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”是固定句型,表“……中最……之一”,强调在多个对象中属于突出的一部分。
① 句型拓展:one of 后必须接可数名词复数,形容词最高级前需加 the。
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.(上海是中国最大的城市之一。)
(2)“most widely”是副词 widely 的最高级形式,表“最广泛地”。
① 副词最高级变化规则:单音节副词加 -est(如 fast → fastest),多音节副词加 most(如 widely → most widely)。
② 用法:最高级前通常加 the(口语中可省略),用于三者及以上比较。
He runs (the) fastest in his class.(他在班上跑得最快。)
【易错点】one of 后接复数名词,不可接单数(如 one of the language 错误);多音节副词最高级必须加 most,不可直接加 est(如 wideliest 错误)。
【记忆提示】“one of 加复数,最高级前加 the”,副词最高级变化同比较级,多音节前加 most。
7. We can communicate more effectively if we understand cultural differences.(如果我们理解文化差异,就能更有效地沟通。)
【解析】这是含 if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句,if 表“如果”,从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时(或情态动词 can/may 等),即“主将从现”原则。
① 基本结构:If + 主语 + 一般现在时,主语 + will/can/may + 动词原形。
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)
If you study hard, you can pass the exam.(如果你努力学习,就能通过考试。)
② 本句中主句用了情态动词 can,表“能够”,符合“主将从现”的灵活用法。
【易错点】if 引导条件状语从句时,从句不可用 will(如 If we will understand 错误);主句需用将来时或情态动词,不可用一般现在时表将来(如 we communicate 此处因有情态动词 can 例外)。
【记忆提示】条件状语从句 if,“主将从现”记心里,从句现在时,主句将来或情态。
8. There are over 500 teenagers taking part in the survey.(有超过500名青少年参与了这项调查。)
【解析】(1)“there be + 主语 + doing sth.”是固定句型,表“有某人/某物正在做某事”,doing sth. 作后置定语修饰主语。
There are some children playing in the park.(有一些孩子在公园里玩。)
(2)“over”此处表“超过、多于”,相当于 more than。
He is over 12 years old.(他超过12岁了。)
(3)“take part in”表“参与、参加”,侧重参加集体活动、比赛、调查等。
She took part in the singing competition.(她参加了歌唱比赛。)
【易错点】“there be + 主语 + doing”结构中,不可用动词原形(如 There are teenagers take part 错误);take part in 后接活动名称,不可接人(如 take part in him 错误)。
【记忆提示】“there be 加 doing”,表“有某物在行动”,over 等于 more than,“take part in”接活动。
9. Social media is the most popular way of communicating with friends.(社交媒体是与朋友沟通最受欢迎的方式。)
【解析】(1)“the most popular”是形容词 popular 的最高级形式,popular 是多音节词,最高级前加 most,表“最受欢迎的”。
This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read.(这是我读过的最有趣的书。)
(2)“way of doing sth.”表“做某事的方式”,也可表达为“way to do sth.”,两者可互换。
Do you know a way of learning English well? = Do you know a way to learn English well?(你知道学好英语的方法吗?)
(3)“communicate with sb.”是固定搭配,表“与某人沟通”,communicate 是不及物动词,后接宾语需加介词 with。
I often communicate with my parents by phone.(我经常通过电话和父母沟通。)
【易错点】多音节形容词最高级前必须加 the;communicate 后接 with 才能接人,不可直接接宾语(如 communicate him 错误)。
【记忆提示】多音节形容词最高级,the most 放前面,“way of doing”或“to do”,“communicate with”接某人。
10. Emojis help her show her feelings better.(表情符号能帮助她更好地表达感受。)
【解析】(1)“help sb. (to) do sth.”是核心搭配,表“帮助某人做某事”,to 可省略,两种形式均可。
He helped me (to) carry the box.(他帮我搬了箱子。)
(2)“better”是副词 well 的比较级形式,表“更好地”,此处隐含与其他沟通方式的比较。
She sings better than before.(她比以前唱得更好了。)
【易错点】help 后接不定式作宾语补足语时,to 可省可不省,但不可接动名词(如 help sb. doing 错误);well 的比较级是 better,最高级是 best,属于不规则变化,需特殊记忆。
【记忆提示】“help sb. do/to do”,to 可省不用愁,well 的比较级是 better,不规则变化要记牢。
11. I was cheering for you, but you pointed your finger at me.(我在为你加油,但你却用手指着我。)
【解析】(1)“was cheering”是过去进行时,表过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,结构为“was/were + 动词 -ing”。
— What were you doing at 8 last night?(昨晚8点你在做什么?)
— I was watching TV.(我在看电视。)
(2)“cheer for sb.”是固定短语,表“为某人加油、鼓励”。
We cheered for our team loudly.(我们为我们的队伍大声加油。)
(3)“point one’s finger at sb.”表“用手指着某人”,point at 强调“指着具体对象”。
He pointed at the map and showed me the way.(他指着地图给我指路。)
【易错点】过去进行时与一般过去时的区别:过去进行时表“过去正在做”,一般过去时表“过去做了”;point at 侧重具体指向,point to 侧重方向,不可混淆。
【记忆提示】过去进行时“was/were + doing”,过去某时正进行;“cheer for”为某人加油,“point at”指着具体物。
12. In our culture, we usually use a sweep of the open hand - palm upwards.(在我们的文化中,我们通常五指伸开,掌心向上,再轻挥手掌。)
【解析】(1)“in our culture”表“在我们的文化中”,culture 是可数名词,此处用单数特指本民族文化。
In Chinese culture, red symbolizes good luck.(在中国文化中,红色象征好运。)
(2)“use sth. to do sth.”隐含用法,此处“use a sweep of the open hand”表“使用伸开手掌挥动的动作”,sweep 此处为名词,表“挥动、掠过”。
She made a sweep of her hand to show us in.(她挥了挥手让我们进去。)
(3)“palm upwards”是“名词 + 副词”结构,表“掌心向上”,作伴随状语。
He held out his hand, palm upwards.(他伸出手,掌心向上。)
【易错点】culture 作“文化”讲时,可数不可数需根据语境判断,特指某一文化时可数;sweep 作名词时易被误写为 sweep,注意拼写正确(不可写成 sweepy)。
【记忆提示】“in one’s culture”表“在某人文化中”,sweep 作名词表“挥动”,“名词 + 副词”表状态。
13. He didn’t mean to do that.(他不是故意那么做的。)
【解析】“mean to do sth.”是固定搭配,表“打算做某事、有意做某事”,否定形式为“didn’t mean to do sth.”,表“不是故意做某事”。
① 基本用法:
I meant to call you, but I forgot.(我本来打算给你打电话的,但我忘了。)
She didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.(她不是故意要伤害你的感情的。)
② 拓展搭配:“mean doing sth.”表“意味着做某事”,与“mean to do sth.”意思不同,需区分。
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.(错过这趟火车意味着再等一小时。)
【易错点】易混淆“mean to do”和“mean doing”,前者表“打算”,后者表“意味着”;否定形式需加助动词 didn’t,不可说 mean not to do。
【记忆提示】“mean to do”是“打算”,“mean doing”是“意味着”,否定形式“didn’t mean to do”,不是故意记心里。
14. I’ll keep that in mind.(我会记住的。)
【解析】“keep sth. in mind”是固定短语,表“记住某事、把某事记在心里”,sth. 可是名词、代词或从句。
① 基本用法:
Please keep my phone number in mind.(请记住我的电话号码。)
I’ll keep what you said in mind.(我会记住你说的话。)
② 同义表达:“remember sth.”“bear sth. in mind”,用法一致。
Bear this rule in mind when you take the exam.(考试时记住这条规则。)
【易错点】短语中 mind 是名词,不可用形容词形式(如 keep in mindful 错误);sth. 为代词时,需放在 keep 和 in mind 之间(如 keep it in mind,不可说 keep in mind it)。
【记忆提示】“keep sth. in mind”,记住某事常用它,代词放中间,名词前后都可加。
15. The variety of accents made it difficult for us to understand each other.(口音的差异让我们很难相互理解。)
【解析】(1)“the variety of + 复数名词”表“……的多样性、……的差异”,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
The variety of flowers in the garden is amazing.(花园里花的种类真多,令人惊叹。)
(2)“make it + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”是固定句型,it 为形式宾语,真正宾语是后面的不定式 to do sth.,表“使某人做某事变得……”。
The Internet makes it easy for us to get information.(互联网让我们获取信息变得容易。)
【易错点】“the variety of”后接复数名词,谓语动词用单数;“a variety of”表“各种各样的”,后接复数名词,谓语动词用复数,两者不可混淆;make 后接形式宾语 it 时,形容词需放在 it 后面,不可说 make difficult for us to do。
【记忆提示】“the variety of”表“差异”,谓语单数要记清;“make it + 形容词 + to do”,形式宾语 it 不能丢。
16. In addition, the differences in food, clothing, customs and traditions also caused some misunderstandings.(此外,饮食、衣着、习俗和传统的差异也造成了一些误解。)
【解析】(1)“in addition”是插入语,表“此外、另外”,用于补充说明,可放在句首、句中或句末,前后常用逗号隔开。
He is good at English. In addition, he speaks French fluently.(他擅长英语,此外,他法语说得也很流利。)
(2)“differences in sth.”表“某物方面的差异”,difference 是可数名词,常用复数形式。
There are many differences in lifestyle between city and countryside.(城市和农村在生活方式上有很多差异。)
(3)“cause misunderstandings”表“造成误解”,cause 是及物动词,后直接接名词作宾语,misunderstanding 是可数名词,此处用复数表多次误解。
His carelessness caused many problems.(他的粗心造成了很多问题。)
【易错点】“in addition”不可与 besides 混淆,in addition 后接句子需加逗号,besides 后可直接接名词;difference 作“差异”讲时常用复数,不可说 difference in food。
【记忆提示】“in addition”表补充,逗号前后要隔开;“differences in sth.”表“某物差异”,cause 后直接接宾语。
17. These differences can be used to bridge the gap between different cultures.(这些差异可以被用来弥合不同文化之间的鸿沟。)
【解析】(1)“be used to do sth.”是被动语态,表“被用来做某事”,主动形式为“use sth. to do sth.”。
Knives are used to cut things.(刀被用来切东西。)
(2)“bridge the gap”是固定短语,表“弥合鸿沟、消除差距”,gap 此处表“文化差异、隔阂”。
We need to bridge the gap between the old and the young.(我们需要弥合老年人和年轻人之间的代沟。)
(3)“between different cultures”表“在不同文化之间”,between 用于两者之间,among 用于三者及以上之间,此处 different cultures 强调两两之间的差异,用 between 更合适。
【易错点】“be used to do”(被用来做)、“be used to doing”(习惯于做)、“used to do”(过去常常做)易混淆,需区分;bridge 此处为动词,表“弥合”,不可误写为 bridg。
【记忆提示】“be used to do”是“被用来”,“bridge the gap”弥合差,between 用于两者间,among 用于三者下。
18. I introduced them to the changes of Chinese characters through history.(我向他们介绍了汉字从古至今的变化。)
【解析】(1)“introduce sb. to sth.”是固定搭配,表“向某人介绍某物”,introduce 是及物动词,后接双宾语,sb. 为间接宾语,sth. 为直接宾语。
She introduced me to her new friend.(她把我介绍给了她的新朋友。)
(2)“the changes of sth.”表“某物的变化”,change 是可数名词,此处用复数表多种变化。
We noticed the changes of the city.(我们注意到了这座城市的变化。)
(3)“through history”表“从古至今、贯穿历史”,through 表“穿过、贯穿”,强调时间上的跨度。
This tradition has been passed down through history.(这个传统已经代代相传,贯穿历史。)
【易错点】introduce 后接双宾语时,需用“introduce sb. to sth.”,不可直接说 introduce sth. to sb.(虽可表达,但不如前者常用);change 作“变化”讲时可数,不可说 the change of Chinese characters(此处需用复数)。
【记忆提示】“introduce sb. to sth.”,向某人介绍某物;“through history”表“贯穿历史”,change 复数表多种变化。
19. They were excited to find that our pinyin is very much like their alphabet system.(他们兴奋地发现我们的拼音和他们的字母系统非常相似。)
【解析】(1)“be excited to do sth.”是固定搭配,表“兴奋地做某事”,excited 修饰人,exciting 修饰物,需区分。
He was excited to get the first prize.(他获得一等奖很兴奋。)
It’s an exciting film.(这是一部令人兴奋的电影。)
(2)“find that ...”表“发现……”,that 引导宾语从句,that 可省略。
I found (that) she was very kind.(我发现她很善良。)
(3)“be like”表“像……一样”,like 是介词,后接名词或代词。
She is like her mother in appearance.(她在外貌上像她妈妈。)
【易错点】易混淆 excited 和 exciting,ed 结尾修饰人,ing 结尾修饰物;“be like”表“像”,like 是介词,不可说 be like to do(错误)。
【记忆提示】“excited 修饰人,exciting 修饰物”,“find that”接从句,“be like”表“像……”。
20. Much to my pleasure, more and more campers came to talk to me.(令我非常高兴的是,越来越多的露营者来和我交流。)
【解析】(1)“much to one’s pleasure”是固定短语,表“令某人非常高兴的是”,类似表达还有“to one’s surprise”(令某人惊讶的是)、“to one’s disappointment”(令某人失望的是)。
Much to my surprise, he passed the exam.(令我非常惊讶的是,他通过了考试。)
(2)“more and more”表“越来越多的”,后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,表数量逐渐增加。
More and more people are paying attention to environmental protection.(越来越多的人关注环境保护。)
(3)“come to do sth.”表“逐渐做某事、开始做某事”,此处“came to talk to me”表“开始来和我交流”。
She came to realize her mistake.(她逐渐意识到了自己的错误。)
【易错点】“much to one’s pleasure”中 much 不可省略,表“非常”;“more and more”后接可数名词复数,不可接单数(如 more and more camper 错误)。
【记忆提示】“much to one’s pleasure”表“令某人高兴”,“more and more”表“越来越多”,“come to do”表“逐渐做”。
21. It was a good chance to introduce our culture to the world.(这是一个向世界介绍我们文化的好机会。)
【解析】(1)“It was a good chance to do sth.”表“这是做某事的好机会”,it 为形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式 to do sth.。
It’s a good chance to practice English.(这是练习英语的好机会。)
(2)“introduce sth. to sb./sth.”表“向某人/某物介绍某物”,此处“introduce our culture to the world”表“向世界介绍我们的文化”。
He introduced his new project to the company.(他向公司介绍了他的新项目。)
【易错点】chance 后接不定式作定语,不可接动名词(如 a chance introducing 错误);introduce 后接 to 表“向……”,不可直接接宾语(如 introduce the world our culture 错误)。
【记忆提示】“It’s a good chance to do”,做某事的好机会;“introduce sth. to”,向……介绍某物。
22. If we better understand cultural differences, we can communicate more effectively.(如果我们更好地理解文化差异,我们就能更有效地沟通。)
【解析】此句是 if 引导的条件状语从句,主句用情态动词 can 表“能够”,从句用一般现在时表将来,符合“主将从现”的灵活用法。
① 拓展例句:
If you study hard, you may get good grades.(如果你努力学习,你可能会取得好成绩。)
If it doesn’t rain, we will go hiking.(如果不下雨,我们就去徒步旅行。)
② “better understand”中 better 是 well 的比较级,修饰动词 understand,表“更好地理解”。
【易错点】if 从句中不可用 will 表将来(如 If we will better understand 错误);better 修饰动词时,需放在动词前,不可放在动词后(如 understand better 正确,不可说 better understand 错误,此处因 better 修饰 understand 且从句结构需要,位置可灵活)。
【记忆提示】if 条件句,“主将从现”是核心,情态动词放主句,从句现在时表将来。
23. Let’s listen to each other and better understand our differences!(让我们相互倾听,更好地理解我们的差异吧!)
【解析】(1)“Let’s do sth.”是祈使句的固定句型,表“让我们做某事吧”,用于提出建议或号召,Let’s 后接动词原形。
Let’s go to the park this weekend.(这个周末我们去公园吧。)
(2)“listen to each other”表“相互倾听”,listen 是不及物动词,后接宾语需加介词 to,each other 表“相互、彼此”。
We should listen to each other in a conversation.(在交流中我们应该相互倾听。)
(3)“better understand”中 better 是副词 well 的比较级,修饰动词 understand,表“更好地理解”,and 连接两个并列的动词短语(listen to each other 和 better understand our differences)。
【易错点】Let’s 后接动词原形,不可接不定式(如 Let’s to listen 错误);listen 后必须加 to 才能接宾语(如 listen each other 错误)。
【记忆提示】“Let’s 加动词原形”,提出建议常用它;“listen to”接宾语,“each other”表“相互”。
24. We girls focused on singing while the boys practised dancing.(我们女生专注于唱歌,而男生们练习跳舞。)
【解析】(1)“focus on doing sth.”是固定搭配,表“专注于做某事”,focus 是动词,on 是介词,后接动名词作宾语。
He focused on his homework and didn’t hear the phone ring.(他专注于做作业,没听见电话响。)
(2)“while”此处为连词,表“而、然而”,用于对比两个分句的内容。
Some people like coffee, while others prefer tea.(有些人喜欢咖啡,而另一些人更喜欢茶。)
(3)“practise doing sth.”表“练习做某事”,practise 后接动名词作宾语,不可接不定式(英式拼写为 practise,美式拼写为 practice)。
She practises playing the piano every day.(她每天练习弹钢琴。)
【易错点】focus on 后接动名词,不可接不定式(如 focus on to sing 错误);while 表“对比”时不可与 when 混淆;practise 后接动名词,不可接不定式(如 practise to dance 错误)。
【记忆提示】“focus on doing”表“专注做”,while 对比“而、然而”,“practise doing”表“练习做”,动名词跟后面。
25. Effective communication is just like a bridge - it connects us and builds understanding.(有效的沟通就像一座桥梁——它连接着我们,建立起相互理解。)
【解析】(1)“effective”是形容词,表“有效的”,修饰名词 communication,作定语。
We need to find an effective way to solve the problem.(我们需要找到一个有效的方法来解决这个问题。)
(2)“be like”表“像……一样”,like 是介词,后接名词作宾语。
Life is like a journey.(人生就像一场旅行。)
(3)“connect us”表“连接我们”,connect 是及物动词,后直接接宾语,connect 还可构成搭配“connect A with B”,表“把 A 和 B 连接起来”。
The bridge connects the two cities.(这座桥连接着两座城市。)
【易错点】effective 易被误写为 effectiv(缺少 e);like 作“像”讲时是介词,不可接从句(如 be like what you said 错误,应为 be like what you said 需调整为 be as what you said 或直接说 be like your words);connect 后接双宾语时用“connect A with B”,不可说 connect A and B(虽可表达,但不如前者规范)。
【记忆提示】effective 是“有效的”,修饰名词作定语;“be like”表“像……”,connect 直接接宾语,“connect A with B”表“连接 A 和 B”。
在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺。(每空格限填一词,首字母已给。)
Peter Lantos started seeing the ugly messages someone posted about him on his social m 1 when he was only fourteen. He didn’t know who they were from, only that the posts came from someone c 2 Guess9. The posts continued into high school, and the message got uglier. Whenever Peter went online, he would always find more t 3 posts. He felt like it was his problem, so he didn’t say anything to his parents at first. Sometimes the bullying (霸凌) made him feel so bad that he didn’t want to go to school. Peter was the victim of cyberbullying (网络霸凌).
In several ways, cyberbullying is even worse than face-to-face bullying. A cyberbully can post without real names, using an online name, like Guess9. A cyberbully can post someone’s personal information or post photos or videos that might be e 4 to the victim. Hundreds, thousands or even millions of people might see these messages on their notebooks, tablets or smartphones.
What should you do if you are a victim? The most important thing anyone can do is to tell someone. Talk to an a 5 about it. Don’t deal with cyberbullying alone! There are ways to block a cyberbully’s posts and someone can help you do that. And one of the most e 6 things you can do might be to do nothing. Ignoring the bully, rather than replying to his or her posts, puts you in control. Instead of r 7 , take a break or go for a walk. Remember that the cyberbully has done something wrong. You haven’t. And what if you have a friend who is bullying someone online? Take a stand! Tell your friend how hurtful it is. You might make a difference.
【答案】1.(m)edia 2.(c)alled 3.(t)errible 4.(e)mbarrassing 5.(a)dult 6.(e)ffective 7.(r)esponding
【审题方法】第一步:通读全文,确定文体与主题
方法: 快速浏览全文,确定文章是讲什么的。
本题分析: 文章开头讲述了Peter Lantos被名为Guess9的人在网上攻击的故事,中间段落分析了网络霸凌比面对面霸凌更糟糕的原因,最后一段给出了应对建议。
作用: 明确主题是“网络霸凌”,这有助于锁定相关的词汇(如:online, internet, bully, victim, message等)。
第二步:分析句子结构,判断词性
方法: 仔细观察空格前后的单词,利用语法知识确定空格处需要什么词性。
第三步:利用上下文逻辑与复现
方法: 注意文章中的同义词、反义词或原词重现。
第四步:检查拼写与变形 (Check Spelling & Inflection)
方法: 填完后,务必检查单词的形式是否正确。
【导语】本文讲述了Peter Lantos在14岁时开始遭受网络霸凌的经历,并探讨了网络霸凌的严重性以及应对措施。
1.句意:Peter Lantos在14岁时开始看到有人在他的社交媒体上发布的关于他的丑陋信息。根据“the ugly messages someone posted about him on his social”及首字母提示可知,此处指的是“社交媒体”,此处用名词形式,故填(m)edia。
2.句意:他不知道这些信息来自谁,只知道它们来自一个叫“Guess9”的人。根据“the posts came from someone...Guess”及首字母提示可知,此处指的是“叫……的人”,此处用过去分词作后置定语,故填(c)alled。
3.句意:每当Peter上网时,他总是会发现更多糟糕的帖子。根据“the ugly messages”及首字母提示可知,此处指的是“糟糕的帖子”,此处用形容词形式,故填(t)errible。
4.句意:网络霸凌者可能会发布受害者的个人信息或照片、视频,这些信息可能对受害者来说是非常尴尬的。根据“post someone’s personal information or post photos or videos that might be...to the victim”及首字母提示可知,此处指的是“信息对受害者来说是尴尬的”,此处用形容词“embarrassing尴尬的”,故填(e)mbarrassing。
5.句意:最重要的是告诉某个人,与一个成年人谈谈这件事。根据“What should you do if you are a victim? The most important thing anyone can do is to tell someone.”及首字母提示可知,此处指的是“找一个成年人谈一谈”,此处用名词形式,空前有an,此处名词用单数形式,故填(a)dult。
6.句意:你可以做的最有效的事情之一可能是什么都不做。根据“one of the most...things you can do might be to do nothing.”及首字母提示可知,此处指的是“最有效的事情之一”,此处用形容词形式,故填(e)ffective。
7.句意:与其回应,不如休息一下或去散步。根据“Instead of...take a break or go for a walk.”及首字母提示可知,此处指的是“回应”,of是介词,此处用动名词形式,故填(r)esponding。
考点1:apologise for doing sth.
You should apologise for ________ late again.
A. be B. being C. to be D. are
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查固定搭配apologise for doing sth.(因做某事而道歉)。介词for 后面必须接动名词形式。干扰项分析: A和D是谓语动词形式,不能直接跟在介词后;C是不定式,通常用于apologise to sb.(向某人道歉)。
考点2:形容词比较级最高级
—Which season do you like ________, spring or autumn?
—I like spring better.
A. good B. well C. better D. best
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查形容词/副词比较级的用法。根据答语中的better 以及题干中的选择范围spring or autumn(两者之间),可知要用比较级。干扰项分析: A和B是原级;D是最高级,用于三者或三者以上的比较。
考点3:动名词短语作主语
________ in the library is not allowed.
A. Shout B. Shouting C. Shouted D. To shout
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查动名词作主语。动词原形不能直接作主语,需要将其变为动名词形式(V-ing)。干扰项分析: A是动词原形,会造成双谓语错误;C是过去式;D是不定式,虽然不定式也可作主语,但在表示“禁止做某事”这种一般性规则时,动名词更常用。
考点4:one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数
Shanghai is one of the ________ cities in the world.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. most big
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查固定句型one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词(……之一)。big 的最高级是双写尾字母加-est。干扰项分析: A是原级;B是比较级;D是错误的最高级构成形式。
考点5:if 引导的条件状语从句(主将从现)
If it ________ tomorrow, we ________ go hiking.
A. rains; don't B. will rain; won't C. rains; won't D. will rain; don't
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查if 引导的条件状语从句。遵循“主将从现”原则,即主句用一般将来时(will + do),从句用一般现在时表将来。干扰项分析: A错在主句没有用将来时;B和D错在从句使用了将来时。
考点6:there be句式
—________ there any milk in the fridge?
—Yes, there is.
A. Is B. Are C. Do D. Does
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查There be 句型的主谓一致。be 动词的单复数由后面的名词决定。milk 是不可数名词,所以用is。干扰项分析: B用于复数名词前;C和D是助动词,There be 句型不能与助动词do/does 连用。
考点7:communicate with sb.
It is important for parents to ________ their children.
A. communicate to B. communicate with
C. communicate at D. communicate for
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查固定短语communicate with sb.(与某人交流/沟通)。干扰项分析: A、C、D均为错误搭配。
考点8:help sb. (to) do sth.
Could you help me ________ my English homework?
A. doing B. to doing C. did D. do
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查help 的用法。help sb. (to) do sth. 中,不定式符号to 可以省略,也可以保留。干扰项分析: A是动名词,help 后通常不直接接动名词作宾补;B是错误结构;C是过去式。
考点9:mean to do sth.
I didn't ________ to hurt your feelings. I was just joking.
A. mean B. means C. meaning D. meant
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查mean to do sth.(打算做某事)。助动词didn't 后面必须接动词原形。干扰项分析: B是第三人称单数;C是动名词;D是过去式,不能与didn't 连用。
考点10:keep sth. in mind
10. Please ________ these new words ________, or you will forget them soon.
A. keep; in mind B. put; in mind
C. keep; in your mind D. make; in mind
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查固定短语keep sth. in mind(记住某事)。这是一个固定搭配,中间通常不加your。干扰项分析: B、D搭配错误;C是中式英语的干扰,虽然口语中偶尔听到,但标准固定搭配是A。
考点11:the variety of + 复数名词
11. The variety of products in this shop ________ amazing.
A. are B. is C. be D. were
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。当variety 前有The 修饰时,中心词是variety(单数),谓语动词用单数形式。干扰项分析: A是复数,容易受后面products 的干扰;D是过去式复数。
考点12:be excited to do sth.
12. All the students are excited ________ the coming summer holiday.
A. to B. for C. about D. with
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查形容词搭配。be excited about sth.(对某事感到兴奋)。干扰项分析: A通常搭配be excited to do sth.(做某事很兴奋);B和D搭配不当。
考点13:“Let’s do sth.”是祈使句
13. —Let's go for a picnic this weekend, ________?
—Good idea!
A. will you B. don't we C. shall we D. won't you
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查祈使句的反意疑问句。以Let's 开头的祈使句(包含说话者和听话者双方),反意疑问句用shall we。干扰项分析: A和D用于Let us(不包含听话者)或其他祈使句;B是错误的搭配。
考点14:focus on doing sth.
14. You need to focus on ________ hard if you want to pass the exam.
A. study B. studying C. to study D. studied
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查focus on 的用法。on 是介词,后面接动词时必须用动名词形式(V-ing)。干扰项分析: A是动词原形;C是不定式;D是过去式。
知识导图记忆
重点单词
18 / 18
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.名词
communication: 交流;沟通
survey: 民意调查
chart: 图表;曲线图
medium (pl. media): (传播信息的)媒介,手段
emoji: 表情符号
booklet: 小册子
embarrassment: 难堪
language: 语言
request: 要求;请求
speech: 演说;讲话
cultural divide: 文化差异
variety: (同一事物的)不同种类,多种式样
accent: 口音
gesture: 手势;姿势
system: 体系;系统
situation: 情况;状况
misunderstanding: 误解;误会
fault: 责任;过错
prize: 奖;奖赏
2. 动词(Verbs)
communicate: 交流;沟通
text: (用手机给某人)发短信
chat: 闲聊;聊天
allow: 允许;准许
avoid: 避免;防止
earn: 挣得;赚得
cheer for: 鼓励;支持
apologise (AmE apologize): 道歉
misunderstand: 误解;误会
pronounce: 发音;读(音)
realise (AmE realize): 认识到;意识到
bridge: 在……上架桥
focus: 集中(注意力、精力于)
regret: 感到遗憾;惋惜;懊悔
hug: 拥抱;搂抱
present: (以某种方式)展现,显示
3. 形容词(Adjectives)
social: 社交的;社会的
suitable: 合适的;适宜的
proper: 正确的;恰当的
cultural: 文化的;与文化有关的
interested: 感兴趣的;关心的
effective: 有效的
rude: 粗鲁的;无礼的
international: 国际的
fellow: 同类的;同伴的
4. 副词(Adverbs)
properly: 正确地;适当地
actually: 的确;真实地;事实上
nearly: 几乎;差不多;将近
smoothly: 连续而流畅地
widely: 普遍地;广泛地
separately: 分别地;各自地
5. 介词/连词/代词等
among: 在……当中
based on: 基于
in addition: 此外;另外
as for: 至于;关于
while: 当……的时候;而
both...and...: 不仅……而且……
not only...but also...: 不仅……而且……
重点单词变形
communicate (v. 交流) → communication (n. 交流;沟通) → communicative (adj. 爱交流的) → communicatively (adv. 交流地)
apologise (v. 道歉) → apology (n. 道歉) → apologetic (adj. 道歉的) → apologetically (adv. 道歉地)
misunderstand (v. 误解) → misunderstanding (n. 误解)
pronounce (v. 发音) → pronunciation (n. 发音)
realise (v. 意识到) → realisation (n. 认识;领悟)
vary (v. 变化) → variety (n. 多样性) → various (adj. 各种各样的) → variously (adv. 不同地)
focus (v./n. 集中;焦点) → focused (adj. 专注的)
culture (n. 文化) → cultural (adj. 文化的) → culturally (adv. 在文化方面)
interest (n./v. 兴趣;使感兴趣) → interested (adj. 感兴趣的) → interesting (adj. 有趣的) → interestingly (adv. 有趣地)
effect (n. 效果) → effective (adj. 有效的) → effectively (adv. 有效地) → effectiveness (n. 有效性)
proper (adj. 正确的) → properly (adv. 正确地)
separate (adj./v. 分开的;分离) → separately (adv. 分别地) → separation (n. 分离)
wide (adj. 广泛的) → widely (adv. 普遍地)
重点短语
1. 动词短语(Verb Phrases)
communicate with sb.: 与某人交流
text sb.: 给某人发短信
chat online: 网上聊天
allow sb. to do sth.: 允许某人做某事
avoid doing sth.: 避免做某事
cheer for sb./sth.: 为某人/某物鼓励;支持
apologise to sb. for sth.: 因某事向某人道歉
focus on: 集中注意力于……
regret doing sth.: 后悔做过某事
hug sb.: 拥抱某人
present sth. to sb.: 向某人展示某物
make a request: 提出要求
pronounce sth. correctly: 正确发音某物
bridge the gap: 消除隔阂;弥合差距
keep in touch: 保持联系
dig out: 挖掘;找出
2. 介词短语(Prepositional Phrases)
based on: 基于
in person: 亲自;当面
among sb.: 在某人当中
in addition: 此外;另外
as for: 至于;关于
a bit: 有点儿;稍微
in the end: 最后;终于
by accident: 偶然;意外地
3. 固定搭配与习惯用语(Fixed Collocations & Idioms)
social media: 社交媒体
cultural divide: 文化差异
avoid embarrassment: 避免难堪
come up with: 想出;提出(主意、计划等)
every little bit counts: 一点一滴都很重要
go ahead: 继续;着手做
It doesn’t matter.: 没关系。
Don’t worry about it.: 别担心。
That’s OK.: 没关系。
be suitable for: 适合……
in a proper way: 以恰当的方式
have a variety of: 有各种各样的……
一、单项选择
1.I will try as ________ as before to challenge it.
A.hardly B.harder C.hard D.hardest
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我会像以前一样努力去挑战它。
考查副词原级的比较。hardly几乎不;harder更努力,比较级;hard努力,原级;hardest最努力,最高级。根据句中“as...as...”可知,此处需用副词原级表示“和以前一样努力”,故选C。
2.Language classes keep students ________ by offering funny games.
A.interest B.interested C.interesting D.to interest
【答案】B
【详解】句意:语言课通过提供有趣的游戏来保持学生的兴趣。
考查形容词辨析。interest兴趣、使感兴趣,名词或动词;interested感兴趣的,形容词;interesting有趣的,形容词;to interest使感兴趣,动词不定式。keep sb adj表示使某人保持某种状态,空处应是宾补,说明宾语students的状态等,修饰students应用interested;keep students interested表示“使学生们保持感兴趣(的状态)”。故选B。
3.—Do you mind if I turn the music down a bit? It is a bit loud.
—Not at all. ______ I didn’t realize it was disturbing you.
A.Go ahead. B.Go away. C.Go off. D.Go over.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你介意我把音乐调小一点吗?有点大声了。——一点也不。调吧。我之前没意识到它打扰到你了。
考查动词短语辨析。Go ahead继续,进行;Go away走开;Go off(警报等)响起;Go over仔细检查,复习。根据“Do you mind if I turn the music down a bit? It is a bit loud.”和“Not at all.”可知,此处同意对方调小音乐的请求,用Go ahead符合语境,此处意为“请吧,做吧”。故选A。
4.The communication club is doing a survey ________ Grade 7 students in our school.
A.among B.between C.across D.below
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这个交流俱乐部正在我们学校七年级的学生中进行一项调查。
考查介词辨析。among在……之中(通常用于三个或以上的群体);between在……之间(通常用于两者之间);across穿过;below在……下方。根据“The communication club is doing a survey ... Grade 7 students in our school.”可知,是在学校七年级的学生中进行一项调查,学生数量不止两人,故选A。
5.—I’m sorry. I accidentally spilled juice on your favorite shirt.
—No problem at all! ________
A.I know you didn’t mean it. B.Don’t do that again.
C.I don’t believe it was an accident. D.Why were you so careless?
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——对不起,我不小心把果汁洒在了你最喜欢的衬衫上。——完全没有问题!我知道你不是故意的。
考查情景交际。I know you didn’t mean it.我知道你不是故意的;Don’t do that again.别再那样做了;I don’t believe it was an accident.我不相信这是个意外;Why were you so careless?你为什么这么粗心。根据“No problem at all!”可知,表明对方在表达宽容和原谅,空白处需要一个能延续这种理解和友好态度的选项。故选A。
6.—I’m sorry for being late.
—________
A.Don’t do that again. B.That’s right.
C.That’s all right. D.Take it easy.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我很抱歉迟到了。——没关系。
考查情景交际。Don’t do that again别再那么做了;That’s right那是对的;That’s all right没关系;Take it easy放轻松。上句是道歉,回应道歉常用 “That’s all right.” 表示原谅、没关系。根据道歉场景的回应习惯,可知用 “That’s all right.”。故选C。
7.This year, our school team played ________ than last year.
A.more successfully B.successfully C.most successfully D.the most successfully
【答案】A
【详解】句意:今年,我们校队比赛表现得比去年更成功。
考查副词比较级。more successfully更成功地,副词比较级;successfully成功地,副词原级;most successfully最成功地,副词最高级;the most successfully最成功地,副词最高级。根据“our school team played…than last year”可知,此处应用副词的比较级,修饰动词played。故选A。
8.He speaks English ________ an American because he has stayed in America for many years.
A.as good as B.worse than C.as badly as D.as well as
【答案】D
【详解】句意:他英语说得和美国人一样好,因为他在美国呆了很多年。
考查副词原级。as good as和……一样好,good为形容词;worse than比……更糟;as badly as错误表达;as well as和……一样好,well为副词。根据“He speaks English…an American because he has stayed in America for many years.”可知,此处表达英语说的和美国人一样好,应用副词well修饰动词speak。故选D。
9.Emojis help the shy girl show her feelings ________ than words.
A.clearly B.more clearly C.the most clearly D.the least clearly
【答案】B
【详解】句意:表情符号帮助这个害羞的女孩比语言更清晰地表达她的情感。
考查副词的比较级。根据“than”可知,此处用比较级,clearly的比较级是“more clearly”。故选B。
10.We need to communicate ________ with our team members than before.
A.effectively B.effective C.more effectively D.more effective
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们需要比以前更有效地和团队成员沟通。
考查副词比较级。effectively有效地,副词原形;effective有效的,形容词原形;more effectively副词比较级;more effective形容词比较级。communicate是动词,需要用副词来修饰;根据“than before”可知需要用副词的比较级形式。故选C。
11.—Gina is very kind. ________ I stay with her, ________ I like her.
—I think so.
A.The longer; the more B.The longer; the most
C.The longest; the most D.The longest; the more
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——吉娜很善良。我和她在一起越久,我就越喜欢她。——我想是的。
考查比较级的用法。该句考查“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构,表示“越……,越……”,只有选项A符合题意。故选A。
12.We can communicate ________ if we better understand cultural differences.
A.more effective B.more effectively
C.the most effective D.the most effectively
【答案】B
【详解】句意:如果我们能更好地理解文化差异,我们就能更有效地沟通。
考查副词比较级。more effective更有效的,形容词比较级;more effectively更有效地,副词比较级;the most effective最有效的,形容词最高级;the most effectively最有效地,副词最高级。根据“if we better understand cultural differences.”可知,此处应用比较级形式,排除C项和D项;根据“communicate”可知,修饰动词communicate,应用副词的比较级,排除A项。故选B。
13.Danny checked his composition ________ so that he could make less mistakes.
A.careful enough B.enough careful C.enough carefully D.carefully enough
【答案】D
【详解】句意:丹尼足够仔细地检查他的作文,以便能少犯错误。
考查副词及enough的用法。careful认真的,形容词;carefully 仔细地;enough足够的。根据“Danny checked his composition ... so that he could make less mistakes.”可知,此处需用副词“carefully(仔细地)”修饰动词“checked”,排除A、B;enough修饰副词时需后置,即“carefully enough”。故选D。
14.________ unforgettable adventure the students had last weekend!
A.How B.What C.What a D.What an
【答案】D
【详解】句意:上个周末,学生们进行了一次多么难忘的冒险啊!
考查感叹句。该句中心词为名词adventure“冒险”,是可数名词单数形式,unforgettable是元音音素开头,不定冠词用an,所以该句结构应用what+an+adj+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其他。故选D。
15.—What do you think of DeepSeek?
—It is really ________! I often use it to search for information.
A.fantastic B.mobile C.alive D.cultural
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你觉得DeepSeek怎么样?——它真的很棒!我经常用它来搜索信息。
考查形容词辨析。fantastic极好的;mobile移动的;alive活着的;cultural文化的。根据“I often use it to search for information.”可知,DeepSeek很棒。故选A。
二、单词拼写
16.The program helps to the language divide between people from different countries. (across)
【答案】cross
【详解】句意:这个项目有助于消除来自不同国家的人们之间的语言隔阂。括号中给出的“across”是介词,意为“穿过、横过”。句中“help to”后需要接动词原形,构成“help to do sth.”(有助于做某事)的结构,因此需将介词across转换为其对应的动词形式cross“消除、打破;穿过”。故填cross。
17.We should pay attention to differences when we travel to other places. (culture)
【答案】cultural
【详解】句意:当我们去其他地方旅游时,我们应该注意文化差异。根据题意和所给单词可知,此处应用形容词修饰名词differences,culture的形容词是cultural“文化的”。故填cultural。
18.I /rɪˈɡret/ not studying harder for the exam last week.
【答案】regret
【详解】句意:我后悔上周没有为考试更努力地学习。根据音标提示可知,此处应用动词regret“后悔”。故填regret。
19.With great efforts, scientists have found a more way to cure the deadly disease. (effect)
【答案】effective
【详解】句意:经过巨大的努力,科学家们找到了一种更有效的方法来治疗这种致命的疾病。句中“way”是名词,需要形容词修饰,“effect”的形容词形式是“effective”,意为“有效的”,在句中作定语,符合语境。故填effective。
20.When people don’t know how to respond in conversations, people often use humor to hide their e .
【答案】(e)mbarrassment
【详解】句意:当人们在对话中不知道该如何回应时,往往会用幽默来掩饰自己的尴尬。根据“When people don’t know how to respond in conversations, people often use humor to hide their...”和首字母提示可知,在对话中不知如何回应对方时,经常会用幽默来掩饰自己的尴尬。空前的形容词性物主代词their,空处应是名词embarrassment“尴尬”,是不可数名词。故填(e)mbarrassment。
21.Camps of this kind can be used to (弥合不同文化之间的代沟).
【答案】bridge the generation gap between different cultures
【详解】句意:这种营地可用于弥合不同文化之间的代沟。bridge“弥合”,根据空前的不定式符号to可知,此处用动词原形,the generation gap“代沟”,between different cultures“不同文化之间”。故填bridge the generation gap between different cultures。
22.When are you going to get a job? (properly)
【答案】proper
【详解】句意:你什么时候能找到一份合适的工作?proper“合适地”,副词,此处用其形容词形式作定语修饰名词job。故填proper。
23.Organizing these is not easy, but we can work it out. (survey)
【答案】surveys
【详解】句意:组织这些调查是不容易的,但我们能够解决。survey“调查”;these后跟名词复数形式。故填surveys。
24.Sometimes we [ˌmɪsʌndəˈstænd] each other because we are from different countries.
【答案】misunderstand
【详解】句意:有时我们会因为来自不同的国家而产生误解。根据音标可知,此处是misunderstand“误解”,故填misunderstand。
25.Mum tells me that I should learn to well with others. (communication)
【答案】communicate
【详解】句意:妈妈告诉我,我应该学会和别人很好地交流。communication“交流,沟通”,名词;learn to do sth.“学习做某事”,所以此处填写提示词的动词communicate“交流,沟通”,communicate well with others“与他人很好地交流”。故填communicate。
26.John gave a wonderful in his school. (speak)
【答案】speech
【详解】句意:约翰在他的学校做了一场精彩的演讲。speak“说;讲”,动词;根据“gave a wonderful...”可知,设空处在句中作宾语成分;结合提示词,此处填写其名词形式speech“演讲”符合句意,a后接可数名词单数。故填speech。
27.The new teaching method is in improving students’ grades. (effect)
【答案】effective
【详解】句意:这种新的教学方法在提高学生成绩方面是有效的。根据“The new teaching method is…in improving students’ grades.”以及提示词可知,新的教学方法在提高学生成绩方面是有效的,此处应用形容词effective“有效的”作表语。故填effective。
28.The director is looking for a (suit) actor for this film.
【答案】suitable
【详解】句意:导演正在为这部电影寻找合适的演员。此处修饰名词“actor”,用形容词suitable“合适的”,作定语。故填suitable。
29.She always dresses for different occasions. (proper)
【答案】properly
【详解】句意:她总是根据不同的场合穿着得体。根据“dresses”可知,此处应用副词修饰动词,表示穿着的方式或状态。proper为形容词,意为“适当的,得体的”,其副词形式为properly,意为“适当地,得体地”。故填properly。
30.Nowadays, AI machines are helping us in a of ways. (various)
【答案】variety
【详解】句意: 如今,人工智能机器以多种方式帮助我们。“a variety of”是固定搭配,意为“多种多样的”,故填variety。
三、完成句子
31.我为误解你而道歉。
I
【答案】apologise for misunderstanding you.
【详解】根据汉语提示可知,该句为一般现在时,I“我”,作主语,apologise for doing sth.“因……而道歉”,misunderstand“误解”,for后接动名词,you“你”,作宾语。故填I apologise for misunderstanding you.
32.I misunderstood you. I apologised for it. (合并为一句)
I apologised you.
【答案】for misunderstanding
【详解】句意:我误解了你。我为此道歉。原句可合并为“我为误解你而道歉”,for“为了”,介词;misunderstand“误解”,介词后用动词ing形式。故填for misunderstanding。
33.She forgot to put on her favorite dress at the party. (改为否定句)
She to put on her favorite dress at the party.
【答案】didn’t forget
【详解】句意:她在派对上忘了穿她最喜欢的裙子。根据“She forgot...”可知,本句为含有实义动词的一般过去时,其否定句需借助助动词didn’t构成,助动词后动词forgot用原形forget。故填didn’t forget。
34.communicate, cannot, make, moving ships, noise, so much, that, the whales, the (连词成句)
.
【答案】The moving ships make so much noise that the whales cannot communicate
【详解】根据所给词和标点可知,这是一个主从复合句,从句是the whales cannot communicate“鲸鱼无法交流”;make so much noise that表示“制造如此多的噪音以至于……”,make noise“制造噪音”,much修饰不可数名词noise;the moving ships“移动的船只”。故填The moving ships make so much noise that the whales cannot communicate“移动的船只制造了如此多的噪音,以至于鲸鱼无法交流”。
35.can, understand, we, avoid, if, more, we, cultural, will, misunderstandings, differences
.
【答案】If we understand more cultural differences, we can avoid misunderstandings
【详解】根据所给单词和标点符号可知,本句是陈述句。If引导的条件状语从句,主句一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,if位于句首,首字母大写,we作主语,understand作谓语,more cultural differences作宾语,we主句中的主语,can情态动词,avoid作谓语,misunderstandings作宾语。故答案为If we understand more cultural differences, we can avoid misunderstandings“如果我们更多地了解文化差异,就可以避免误解”。
36.to, important, is, you, choose, when, it, suitable, are, topics, conversations, making
.
【答案】It is important to choose suitable topics when you are making conversations
【详解】根据所给标点和单词可知,本句是陈述句,时态为一般现在时。when“当……时”,引导时间状语从句,主句的句子结构为:it is+adj.+to do sth,important“重要的”作表语,to choose suitable topics作真正的主语;you“你”,作从句的主语,are making作谓语,conversations“对话”作宾语。故填It is important to choose suitable topics when you are making conversations“当你在进行对话时,选择合适的话题很重要”。
37.Sam forgot to copy the notes yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)
Sam to copy the notes yesterday?
【答案】 Did forget
【详解】句意:Sam昨天忘记抄笔记了。根据“forgot”可知,句子谓语动词为实义动词,故变一般疑问句时,应加助动词did,并将其放于句首,其后谓语动词用动词原形forget。故填Did;forget。
38.her friend, how to pronounce, Lu Yao, some Chinese characters, taught (连词成句)
.
【答案】Lu Yao taught her friend how to pronounce some Chinese characters
【详解】根据所给词及标点可知,此句为陈述句。主语是Lu Yao;谓语是taught“教”,后跟宾语her friend“她的朋友”;how to pronounce some Chinese characters“有些汉字怎么发音”,作宾补。故填Lu Yao taught her friend how to pronounce some Chinese characters“路遥教她的朋友如何发音一些汉字”。
39.Lisa regretted missing the chance to travel abroad last year. (改为一般疑问句)
Lisa missing the chance to travel abroad last year?
【答案】 Did regret
【详解】句意:Lisa后悔去年错过出国旅行的机会。原句中“regretted”为实义动词过去式,改为一般疑问句时需借助助动词“Did”,并将其置于句首,动词“regretted”还原为原形“regret”。故填Did;regret。
40.to pronounce, for beginners, not easy, it’s, some English words (连词成句)
.
【答案】It’s not easy for beginners to pronounce some English words
【详解】分析所给词汇可知,该句为固定句型“It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”;it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。故填It’s not easy for beginners to pronounce some English words“对初学者来说,一些英语单词的发音并不容易”。
41.Mike fries the fish lightly. Bill fries the fish more lightly. (合并为一句)
Bill fries the fish than Mike.
【答案】more lightly
【详解】句意:迈克把鱼轻轻煎一下。比尔把鱼稍微煎一下。所给的两句话的区别在于煎鱼的程度不同,两句合并为一句可以使用比较级进行表示,结合句中的“than”,此处使用副词lightly的比较级more lightly。故填more lightly。
42.Jane smiles more sweetly than any other student in her class. (保持句意基本不变)
Jane smiles the in her class.
【答案】most sweetly
【详解】句意:简笑得比她班上其他任何学生都更甜美。“比班上其他任何学生都更……”就意味着是班上最……的,原句是比较级“more sweetly”,变为最高级是“most sweetly”。 故填most sweetly。
43.Jack sells clothes the most cheaply of all.(保持句意基本不变)
Jack sells clothes than the others.
【答案】more cheaply
【详解】句意:杰克卖的衣服是所有人中最便宜的。结合句意,这句话可以表示为“杰克的衣服卖得比其他人便宜”,此处修饰动词sells,用副词cheaply的比较级more cheaply。故填more cheaply。
44.John said sorry to Mrs Bell for being late for the lecture. (保持句意)
John Mrs Bell for being late for the lecture.
【答案】 apologised to
【详解】句意:约翰为上课迟到向贝尔太太道歉。“say sorry to”可以用“apologise to”替换,两者均表示“向……道歉”。时态是一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填apologised;to。
45.He misunderstood several signals before the professional training. (改为否定句)
He several signals before the professional training.
【答案】 didn’t misunderstand
【详解】句意:在专业培训之前,他误解了几个求助信号。原句是一般过去时,否定句需要借助助动词didn’t,后跟动词原形misunderstand。故填didn’t;misunderstand。
$第02讲 下册Unit 2 Language and communication
(寒假预习讲义)
内容导航——预习三步曲
第一步:学
析教材 学知识:教材精讲精析、全方位预习
练习题 讲典例:教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法
练考点 强知识:核心考点精准练
第二步:记
串知识 识框架:思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握
第三步:测
过关测 稳提升:小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升
1. Do you mind if I sit here?(你介意我坐在这里吗?)
【解析】“Do you mind if ...?”是礼貌征求他人同意的固定句型,意为“你介意……吗?”,语气委婉得体。
① 肯定回答(表示不介意):常见表达有“No, I don’t mind.”“Not at all.”“Go ahead.”“Of course not.”。
— Do you mind if I open the window?(你介意我开窗吗?)
— Not at all.(一点也不介意。)
② 否定回答(表示介意):常用“I’m sorry.”“I’d rather you didn’t.”,避免直接拒绝显得生硬。
— Do you mind if I smoke here?(你介意我在这里抽烟吗?)
— I’m sorry. This is a no-smoking area.(抱歉,这里是无烟区。)
【拓展】“mind doing sth.”也是高频搭配,表“介意做某事”。
— Do you mind my using your pen?(你介意我用一下你的笔吗?)
— No problem.(没问题。)
【易错点】mind 后接动名词作宾语,不可接不定式(如 mind to do 错误);“Do you mind if ...?”从句中用一般现在时表将来,不用 will。
【记忆提示】征求同意用“Mind if”,动名词跟后面,不介意用“Not at all”,介意委婉说“I’m sorry”。
2. It doesn’t matter.(没关系。)
【解析】“It doesn’t matter.”是回应道歉的常用语,表“没关系、不要紧”,用于安抚对方情绪。
① 常见搭配场景:对方道歉后,用此句表示原谅。
— I’m sorry for being late.(对不起,我迟到了。)
— It doesn’t matter.(没关系。)
② 同义表达:“Never mind.”“That’s OK.”“Don’t worry about it.”,用法完全一致。
— I’m sorry I broke your pen.(对不起,我弄坏了你的笔。)
— Never mind. I have another one.(不要紧,我还有一支。)
【易错点】注意句型结构,matter 是动词,否定形式需加助动词 doesn’t,不可说“It not matter.”。
【记忆提示】回应道歉不用慌,“It doesn’t matter”来帮忙,同义表达记几个,交流灵活不重样。
3. I apologise for misunderstanding you.(我为误解你而道歉。)
【解析】“apologise”(也可写作 apologize)是动词,表“道歉”,核心搭配为“apologise for doing sth.”,意为“为做某事而道歉”。
① 基本用法:for 后接动名词,说明道歉的原因。
He apologised for missing the meeting.(他为错过会议而道歉。)
② 名词形式:apology,常用搭配“make an apology to sb. for sth.”(因某事向某人道歉)。
She made an apology to me for her rudeness.(她为自己的无礼向我道歉。)
【辨析】apologise 与 say sorry:apologise 更正式,say sorry 更口语化。
— I need to apologise to my teacher.(我需要向老师道歉。)(正式)
— Just say sorry to her. She’ll forgive you.(跟她说声对不起就行,她会原谅你的。)(口语)
【易错点】apologise 后接 for 而非 to 表示原因(如 apologise to misunderstanding 错误);make an apology 中 apology 是可数名词,需加 an。
【记忆提示】“apologise for 动名词”,名词形式“apology”,“make an apology to sb.”,正式口语都能用。
4. Emojis help me show my feelings more clearly than words.(表情符号比语言更能清楚地表达我的感受。)
【解析】(1)“more clearly”是副词 clear 的比较级形式,用于两者之间的比较,表“更清楚地”。
① 副词比较级变化规则:
- 单音节和部分双音节副词:加 -er(如 fast → faster, hard → harder)。
- 多音节副词(如形容词 + ly 构成的副词):加 more(如 clearly → more clearly, carefully → more carefully)。
② 比较级句型:A + 实义动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B(A 比 B 更……)。
She sings more beautifully than her sister.(她比她姐姐唱得更动听。)
(2)“show one’s feelings”是固定短语,表“表达某人的感受”。
He used a smile to show his happiness.(他用微笑表达自己的开心。)
【易错点】副词比较级修饰动词时,需放在动词后;多音节副词变比较级必须加 more,不可直接加 er(如 clearlier 错误)。
【记忆提示】副词比较级看音节,单音节加 er,多音节前加 more,修饰动词放后面,than 连接两对象。
5. Understanding cultural differences allows us to communicate more effectively.(理解文化差异能让我们更有效地沟通。)
【解析】(1)“Understanding cultural differences”是动名词短语作主语,动名词(动词 -ing 形式)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
① 同类例句:Reading is a good habit.(阅读是个好习惯。)
Swimming keeps us healthy.(游泳让我们保持健康。)
(2)“allow sb. to do sth.”是核心搭配,表“允许某人做某事”。
The teacher allows us to use dictionaries in the exam.(老师允许我们在考试中使用词典。)
(3)“more effectively”是副词 effective 的比较级,effective 是多音节词,比较级加 more,表“更有效地”。
【易错点】动名词作主语时,谓语动词不可用复数(如 Understanding... allow 错误);allow 后接不定式作宾语补足语(allow sb. to do),不可接动名词(如 allow sb. doing 错误)。
【记忆提示】动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数;“allow sb. to do”记清楚,多音节副词比较级前加 more。
6. English is one of the most widely used languages in the world.(英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一。)
【解析】(1)“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”是固定句型,表“……中最……之一”,强调在多个对象中属于突出的一部分。
① 句型拓展:one of 后必须接可数名词复数,形容词最高级前需加 the。
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.(上海是中国最大的城市之一。)
(2)“most widely”是副词 widely 的最高级形式,表“最广泛地”。
① 副词最高级变化规则:单音节副词加 -est(如 fast → fastest),多音节副词加 most(如 widely → most widely)。
② 用法:最高级前通常加 the(口语中可省略),用于三者及以上比较。
He runs (the) fastest in his class.(他在班上跑得最快。)
【易错点】one of 后接复数名词,不可接单数(如 one of the language 错误);多音节副词最高级必须加 most,不可直接加 est(如 wideliest 错误)。
【记忆提示】“one of 加复数,最高级前加 the”,副词最高级变化同比较级,多音节前加 most。
7. We can communicate more effectively if we understand cultural differences.(如果我们理解文化差异,就能更有效地沟通。)
【解析】这是含 if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句,if 表“如果”,从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时(或情态动词 can/may 等),即“主将从现”原则。
① 基本结构:If + 主语 + 一般现在时,主语 + will/can/may + 动词原形。
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)
If you study hard, you can pass the exam.(如果你努力学习,就能通过考试。)
② 本句中主句用了情态动词 can,表“能够”,符合“主将从现”的灵活用法。
【易错点】if 引导条件状语从句时,从句不可用 will(如 If we will understand 错误);主句需用将来时或情态动词,不可用一般现在时表将来(如 we communicate 此处因有情态动词 can 例外)。
【记忆提示】条件状语从句 if,“主将从现”记心里,从句现在时,主句将来或情态。
8. There are over 500 teenagers taking part in the survey.(有超过500名青少年参与了这项调查。)
【解析】(1)“there be + 主语 + doing sth.”是固定句型,表“有某人/某物正在做某事”,doing sth. 作后置定语修饰主语。
There are some children playing in the park.(有一些孩子在公园里玩。)
(2)“over”此处表“超过、多于”,相当于 more than。
He is over 12 years old.(他超过12岁了。)
(3)“take part in”表“参与、参加”,侧重参加集体活动、比赛、调查等。
She took part in the singing competition.(她参加了歌唱比赛。)
【易错点】“there be + 主语 + doing”结构中,不可用动词原形(如 There are teenagers take part 错误);take part in 后接活动名称,不可接人(如 take part in him 错误)。
【记忆提示】“there be 加 doing”,表“有某物在行动”,over 等于 more than,“take part in”接活动。
9. Social media is the most popular way of communicating with friends.(社交媒体是与朋友沟通最受欢迎的方式。)
【解析】(1)“the most popular”是形容词 popular 的最高级形式,popular 是多音节词,最高级前加 most,表“最受欢迎的”。
This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read.(这是我读过的最有趣的书。)
(2)“way of doing sth.”表“做某事的方式”,也可表达为“way to do sth.”,两者可互换。
Do you know a way of learning English well? = Do you know a way to learn English well?(你知道学好英语的方法吗?)
(3)“communicate with sb.”是固定搭配,表“与某人沟通”,communicate 是不及物动词,后接宾语需加介词 with。
I often communicate with my parents by phone.(我经常通过电话和父母沟通。)
【易错点】多音节形容词最高级前必须加 the;communicate 后接 with 才能接人,不可直接接宾语(如 communicate him 错误)。
【记忆提示】多音节形容词最高级,the most 放前面,“way of doing”或“to do”,“communicate with”接某人。
10. Emojis help her show her feelings better.(表情符号能帮助她更好地表达感受。)
【解析】(1)“help sb. (to) do sth.”是核心搭配,表“帮助某人做某事”,to 可省略,两种形式均可。
He helped me (to) carry the box.(他帮我搬了箱子。)
(2)“better”是副词 well 的比较级形式,表“更好地”,此处隐含与其他沟通方式的比较。
She sings better than before.(她比以前唱得更好了。)
【易错点】help 后接不定式作宾语补足语时,to 可省可不省,但不可接动名词(如 help sb. doing 错误);well 的比较级是 better,最高级是 best,属于不规则变化,需特殊记忆。
【记忆提示】“help sb. do/to do”,to 可省不用愁,well 的比较级是 better,不规则变化要记牢。
11. I was cheering for you, but you pointed your finger at me.(我在为你加油,但你却用手指着我。)
【解析】(1)“was cheering”是过去进行时,表过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,结构为“was/were + 动词 -ing”。
— What were you doing at 8 last night?(昨晚8点你在做什么?)
— I was watching TV.(我在看电视。)
(2)“cheer for sb.”是固定短语,表“为某人加油、鼓励”。
We cheered for our team loudly.(我们为我们的队伍大声加油。)
(3)“point one’s finger at sb.”表“用手指着某人”,point at 强调“指着具体对象”。
He pointed at the map and showed me the way.(他指着地图给我指路。)
【易错点】过去进行时与一般过去时的区别:过去进行时表“过去正在做”,一般过去时表“过去做了”;point at 侧重具体指向,point to 侧重方向,不可混淆。
【记忆提示】过去进行时“was/were + doing”,过去某时正进行;“cheer for”为某人加油,“point at”指着具体物。
12. In our culture, we usually use a sweep of the open hand - palm upwards.(在我们的文化中,我们通常五指伸开,掌心向上,再轻挥手掌。)
【解析】(1)“in our culture”表“在我们的文化中”,culture 是可数名词,此处用单数特指本民族文化。
In Chinese culture, red symbolizes good luck.(在中国文化中,红色象征好运。)
(2)“use sth. to do sth.”隐含用法,此处“use a sweep of the open hand”表“使用伸开手掌挥动的动作”,sweep 此处为名词,表“挥动、掠过”。
She made a sweep of her hand to show us in.(她挥了挥手让我们进去。)
(3)“palm upwards”是“名词 + 副词”结构,表“掌心向上”,作伴随状语。
He held out his hand, palm upwards.(他伸出手,掌心向上。)
【易错点】culture 作“文化”讲时,可数不可数需根据语境判断,特指某一文化时可数;sweep 作名词时易被误写为 sweep,注意拼写正确(不可写成 sweepy)。
【记忆提示】“in one’s culture”表“在某人文化中”,sweep 作名词表“挥动”,“名词 + 副词”表状态。
13. He didn’t mean to do that.(他不是故意那么做的。)
【解析】“mean to do sth.”是固定搭配,表“打算做某事、有意做某事”,否定形式为“didn’t mean to do sth.”,表“不是故意做某事”。
① 基本用法:
I meant to call you, but I forgot.(我本来打算给你打电话的,但我忘了。)
She didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.(她不是故意要伤害你的感情的。)
② 拓展搭配:“mean doing sth.”表“意味着做某事”,与“mean to do sth.”意思不同,需区分。
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.(错过这趟火车意味着再等一小时。)
【易错点】易混淆“mean to do”和“mean doing”,前者表“打算”,后者表“意味着”;否定形式需加助动词 didn’t,不可说 mean not to do。
【记忆提示】“mean to do”是“打算”,“mean doing”是“意味着”,否定形式“didn’t mean to do”,不是故意记心里。
14. I’ll keep that in mind.(我会记住的。)
【解析】“keep sth. in mind”是固定短语,表“记住某事、把某事记在心里”,sth. 可是名词、代词或从句。
① 基本用法:
Please keep my phone number in mind.(请记住我的电话号码。)
I’ll keep what you said in mind.(我会记住你说的话。)
② 同义表达:“remember sth.”“bear sth. in mind”,用法一致。
Bear this rule in mind when you take the exam.(考试时记住这条规则。)
【易错点】短语中 mind 是名词,不可用形容词形式(如 keep in mindful 错误);sth. 为代词时,需放在 keep 和 in mind 之间(如 keep it in mind,不可说 keep in mind it)。
【记忆提示】“keep sth. in mind”,记住某事常用它,代词放中间,名词前后都可加。
15. The variety of accents made it difficult for us to understand each other.(口音的差异让我们很难相互理解。)
【解析】(1)“the variety of + 复数名词”表“……的多样性、……的差异”,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
The variety of flowers in the garden is amazing.(花园里花的种类真多,令人惊叹。)
(2)“make it + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”是固定句型,it 为形式宾语,真正宾语是后面的不定式 to do sth.,表“使某人做某事变得……”。
The Internet makes it easy for us to get information.(互联网让我们获取信息变得容易。)
【易错点】“the variety of”后接复数名词,谓语动词用单数;“a variety of”表“各种各样的”,后接复数名词,谓语动词用复数,两者不可混淆;make 后接形式宾语 it 时,形容词需放在 it 后面,不可说 make difficult for us to do。
【记忆提示】“the variety of”表“差异”,谓语单数要记清;“make it + 形容词 + to do”,形式宾语 it 不能丢。
16. In addition, the differences in food, clothing, customs and traditions also caused some misunderstandings.(此外,饮食、衣着、习俗和传统的差异也造成了一些误解。)
【解析】(1)“in addition”是插入语,表“此外、另外”,用于补充说明,可放在句首、句中或句末,前后常用逗号隔开。
He is good at English. In addition, he speaks French fluently.(他擅长英语,此外,他法语说得也很流利。)
(2)“differences in sth.”表“某物方面的差异”,difference 是可数名词,常用复数形式。
There are many differences in lifestyle between city and countryside.(城市和农村在生活方式上有很多差异。)
(3)“cause misunderstandings”表“造成误解”,cause 是及物动词,后直接接名词作宾语,misunderstanding 是可数名词,此处用复数表多次误解。
His carelessness caused many problems.(他的粗心造成了很多问题。)
【易错点】“in addition”不可与 besides 混淆,in addition 后接句子需加逗号,besides 后可直接接名词;difference 作“差异”讲时常用复数,不可说 difference in food。
【记忆提示】“in addition”表补充,逗号前后要隔开;“differences in sth.”表“某物差异”,cause 后直接接宾语。
17. These differences can be used to bridge the gap between different cultures.(这些差异可以被用来弥合不同文化之间的鸿沟。)
【解析】(1)“be used to do sth.”是被动语态,表“被用来做某事”,主动形式为“use sth. to do sth.”。
Knives are used to cut things.(刀被用来切东西。)
(2)“bridge the gap”是固定短语,表“弥合鸿沟、消除差距”,gap 此处表“文化差异、隔阂”。
We need to bridge the gap between the old and the young.(我们需要弥合老年人和年轻人之间的代沟。)
(3)“between different cultures”表“在不同文化之间”,between 用于两者之间,among 用于三者及以上之间,此处 different cultures 强调两两之间的差异,用 between 更合适。
【易错点】“be used to do”(被用来做)、“be used to doing”(习惯于做)、“used to do”(过去常常做)易混淆,需区分;bridge 此处为动词,表“弥合”,不可误写为 bridg。
【记忆提示】“be used to do”是“被用来”,“bridge the gap”弥合差,between 用于两者间,among 用于三者下。
18. I introduced them to the changes of Chinese characters through history.(我向他们介绍了汉字从古至今的变化。)
【解析】(1)“introduce sb. to sth.”是固定搭配,表“向某人介绍某物”,introduce 是及物动词,后接双宾语,sb. 为间接宾语,sth. 为直接宾语。
She introduced me to her new friend.(她把我介绍给了她的新朋友。)
(2)“the changes of sth.”表“某物的变化”,change 是可数名词,此处用复数表多种变化。
We noticed the changes of the city.(我们注意到了这座城市的变化。)
(3)“through history”表“从古至今、贯穿历史”,through 表“穿过、贯穿”,强调时间上的跨度。
This tradition has been passed down through history.(这个传统已经代代相传,贯穿历史。)
【易错点】introduce 后接双宾语时,需用“introduce sb. to sth.”,不可直接说 introduce sth. to sb.(虽可表达,但不如前者常用);change 作“变化”讲时可数,不可说 the change of Chinese characters(此处需用复数)。
【记忆提示】“introduce sb. to sth.”,向某人介绍某物;“through history”表“贯穿历史”,change 复数表多种变化。
19. They were excited to find that our pinyin is very much like their alphabet system.(他们兴奋地发现我们的拼音和他们的字母系统非常相似。)
【解析】(1)“be excited to do sth.”是固定搭配,表“兴奋地做某事”,excited 修饰人,exciting 修饰物,需区分。
He was excited to get the first prize.(他获得一等奖很兴奋。)
It’s an exciting film.(这是一部令人兴奋的电影。)
(2)“find that ...”表“发现……”,that 引导宾语从句,that 可省略。
I found (that) she was very kind.(我发现她很善良。)
(3)“be like”表“像……一样”,like 是介词,后接名词或代词。
She is like her mother in appearance.(她在外貌上像她妈妈。)
【易错点】易混淆 excited 和 exciting,ed 结尾修饰人,ing 结尾修饰物;“be like”表“像”,like 是介词,不可说 be like to do(错误)。
【记忆提示】“excited 修饰人,exciting 修饰物”,“find that”接从句,“be like”表“像……”。
20. Much to my pleasure, more and more campers came to talk to me.(令我非常高兴的是,越来越多的露营者来和我交流。)
【解析】(1)“much to one’s pleasure”是固定短语,表“令某人非常高兴的是”,类似表达还有“to one’s surprise”(令某人惊讶的是)、“to one’s disappointment”(令某人失望的是)。
Much to my surprise, he passed the exam.(令我非常惊讶的是,他通过了考试。)
(2)“more and more”表“越来越多的”,后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,表数量逐渐增加。
More and more people are paying attention to environmental protection.(越来越多的人关注环境保护。)
(3)“come to do sth.”表“逐渐做某事、开始做某事”,此处“came to talk to me”表“开始来和我交流”。
She came to realize her mistake.(她逐渐意识到了自己的错误。)
【易错点】“much to one’s pleasure”中 much 不可省略,表“非常”;“more and more”后接可数名词复数,不可接单数(如 more and more camper 错误)。
【记忆提示】“much to one’s pleasure”表“令某人高兴”,“more and more”表“越来越多”,“come to do”表“逐渐做”。
21. It was a good chance to introduce our culture to the world.(这是一个向世界介绍我们文化的好机会。)
【解析】(1)“It was a good chance to do sth.”表“这是做某事的好机会”,it 为形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式 to do sth.。
It’s a good chance to practice English.(这是练习英语的好机会。)
(2)“introduce sth. to sb./sth.”表“向某人/某物介绍某物”,此处“introduce our culture to the world”表“向世界介绍我们的文化”。
He introduced his new project to the company.(他向公司介绍了他的新项目。)
【易错点】chance 后接不定式作定语,不可接动名词(如 a chance introducing 错误);introduce 后接 to 表“向……”,不可直接接宾语(如 introduce the world our culture 错误)。
【记忆提示】“It’s a good chance to do”,做某事的好机会;“introduce sth. to”,向……介绍某物。
22. If we better understand cultural differences, we can communicate more effectively.(如果我们更好地理解文化差异,我们就能更有效地沟通。)
【解析】此句是 if 引导的条件状语从句,主句用情态动词 can 表“能够”,从句用一般现在时表将来,符合“主将从现”的灵活用法。
① 拓展例句:
If you study hard, you may get good grades.(如果你努力学习,你可能会取得好成绩。)
If it doesn’t rain, we will go hiking.(如果不下雨,我们就去徒步旅行。)
② “better understand”中 better 是 well 的比较级,修饰动词 understand,表“更好地理解”。
【易错点】if 从句中不可用 will 表将来(如 If we will better understand 错误);better 修饰动词时,需放在动词前,不可放在动词后(如 understand better 正确,不可说 better understand 错误,此处因 better 修饰 understand 且从句结构需要,位置可灵活)。
【记忆提示】if 条件句,“主将从现”是核心,情态动词放主句,从句现在时表将来。
23. Let’s listen to each other and better understand our differences!(让我们相互倾听,更好地理解我们的差异吧!)
【解析】(1)“Let’s do sth.”是祈使句的固定句型,表“让我们做某事吧”,用于提出建议或号召,Let’s 后接动词原形。
Let’s go to the park this weekend.(这个周末我们去公园吧。)
(2)“listen to each other”表“相互倾听”,listen 是不及物动词,后接宾语需加介词 to,each other 表“相互、彼此”。
We should listen to each other in a conversation.(在交流中我们应该相互倾听。)
(3)“better understand”中 better 是副词 well 的比较级,修饰动词 understand,表“更好地理解”,and 连接两个并列的动词短语(listen to each other 和 better understand our differences)。
【易错点】Let’s 后接动词原形,不可接不定式(如 Let’s to listen 错误);listen 后必须加 to 才能接宾语(如 listen each other 错误)。
【记忆提示】“Let’s 加动词原形”,提出建议常用它;“listen to”接宾语,“each other”表“相互”。
24. We girls focused on singing while the boys practised dancing.(我们女生专注于唱歌,而男生们练习跳舞。)
【解析】(1)“focus on doing sth.”是固定搭配,表“专注于做某事”,focus 是动词,on 是介词,后接动名词作宾语。
He focused on his homework and didn’t hear the phone ring.(他专注于做作业,没听见电话响。)
(2)“while”此处为连词,表“而、然而”,用于对比两个分句的内容。
Some people like coffee, while others prefer tea.(有些人喜欢咖啡,而另一些人更喜欢茶。)
(3)“practise doing sth.”表“练习做某事”,practise 后接动名词作宾语,不可接不定式(英式拼写为 practise,美式拼写为 practice)。
She practises playing the piano every day.(她每天练习弹钢琴。)
【易错点】focus on 后接动名词,不可接不定式(如 focus on to sing 错误);while 表“对比”时不可与 when 混淆;practise 后接动名词,不可接不定式(如 practise to dance 错误)。
【记忆提示】“focus on doing”表“专注做”,while 对比“而、然而”,“practise doing”表“练习做”,动名词跟后面。
25. Effective communication is just like a bridge - it connects us and builds understanding.(有效的沟通就像一座桥梁——它连接着我们,建立起相互理解。)
【解析】(1)“effective”是形容词,表“有效的”,修饰名词 communication,作定语。
We need to find an effective way to solve the problem.(我们需要找到一个有效的方法来解决这个问题。)
(2)“be like”表“像……一样”,like 是介词,后接名词作宾语。
Life is like a journey.(人生就像一场旅行。)
(3)“connect us”表“连接我们”,connect 是及物动词,后直接接宾语,connect 还可构成搭配“connect A with B”,表“把 A 和 B 连接起来”。
The bridge connects the two cities.(这座桥连接着两座城市。)
【易错点】effective 易被误写为 effectiv(缺少 e);like 作“像”讲时是介词,不可接从句(如 be like what you said 错误,应为 be like what you said 需调整为 be as what you said 或直接说 be like your words);connect 后接双宾语时用“connect A with B”,不可说 connect A and B(虽可表达,但不如前者规范)。
【记忆提示】effective 是“有效的”,修饰名词作定语;“be like”表“像……”,connect 直接接宾语,“connect A with B”表“连接 A 和 B”。
在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺。(每空格限填一词,首字母已给。)
Peter Lantos started seeing the ugly messages someone posted about him on his social m 1 when he was only fourteen. He didn’t know who they were from, only that the posts came from someone c 2 Guess9. The posts continued into high school, and the message got uglier. Whenever Peter went online, he would always find more t 3 posts. He felt like it was his problem, so he didn’t say anything to his parents at first. Sometimes the bullying (霸凌) made him feel so bad that he didn’t want to go to school. Peter was the victim of cyberbullying (网络霸凌).
In several ways, cyberbullying is even worse than face-to-face bullying. A cyberbully can post without real names, using an online name, like Guess9. A cyberbully can post someone’s personal information or post photos or videos that might be e 4 to the victim. Hundreds, thousands or even millions of people might see these messages on their notebooks, tablets or smartphones.
What should you do if you are a victim? The most important thing anyone can do is to tell someone. Talk to an a 5 about it. Don’t deal with cyberbullying alone! There are ways to block a cyberbully’s posts and someone can help you do that. And one of the most e 6 things you can do might be to do nothing. Ignoring the bully, rather than replying to his or her posts, puts you in control. Instead of r 7 , take a break or go for a walk. Remember that the cyberbully has done something wrong. You haven’t. And what if you have a friend who is bullying someone online? Take a stand! Tell your friend how hurtful it is. You might make a difference.
考点1:apologise for doing sth.
You should apologise for ________ late again.
A. be B. being C. to be D. are
考点2:形容词比较级最高级
—Which season do you like ________, spring or autumn?
—I like spring better.
A. good B. well C. better D. best
考点3:动名词短语作主语
________ in the library is not allowed.
A. Shout B. Shouting C. Shouted D. To shout
考点4:one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数
Shanghai is one of the ________ cities in the world.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. most big
考点5:if 引导的条件状语从句(主将从现)
If it ________ tomorrow, we ________ go hiking.
A. rains; don't B. will rain; won't C. rains; won't D. will rain; don't
考点6:there be句式
—________ there any milk in the fridge?
—Yes, there is.
A. Is B. Are C. Do D. Does
考点7:communicate with sb.
It is important for parents to ________ their children.
A. communicate to B. communicate with
C. communicate at D. communicate for
考点8:help sb. (to) do sth.
Could you help me ________ my English homework?
A. doing B. to doing C. did D. do
考点9:mean to do sth.
I didn't ________ to hurt your feelings. I was just joking.
A. mean B. means C. meaning D. meant
考点10:keep sth. in mind
10. Please ________ these new words ________, or you will forget them soon.
A. keep; in mind B. put; in mind
C. keep; in your mind D. make; in mind
考点11:the variety of + 复数名词
11. The variety of products in this shop ________ amazing.
A. are B. is C. be D. were
考点12:be excited to do sth.
12. All the students are excited ________ the coming summer holiday.
A. to B. for C. about D. with
考点13:“Let’s do sth.”是祈使句
13. —Let's go for a picnic this weekend, ________?
—Good idea!
A. will you B. don't we C. shall we D. won't you
考点14:focus on doing sth.
14. You need to focus on ________ hard if you want to pass the exam.
A. study B. studying C. to study D. studied
知识导图记忆
重点单词
18 / 18
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.名词
communication: 交流;沟通
survey: 民意调查
chart: 图表;曲线图
medium (pl. media): (传播信息的)媒介,手段
emoji: 表情符号
booklet: 小册子
embarrassment: 难堪
language: 语言
request: 要求;请求
speech: 演说;讲话
cultural divide: 文化差异
variety: (同一事物的)不同种类,多种式样
accent: 口音
gesture: 手势;姿势
system: 体系;系统
situation: 情况;状况
misunderstanding: 误解;误会
fault: 责任;过错
prize: 奖;奖赏
2. 动词(Verbs)
communicate: 交流;沟通
text: (用手机给某人)发短信
chat: 闲聊;聊天
allow: 允许;准许
avoid: 避免;防止
earn: 挣得;赚得
cheer for: 鼓励;支持
apologise (AmE apologize): 道歉
misunderstand: 误解;误会
pronounce: 发音;读(音)
realise (AmE realize): 认识到;意识到
bridge: 在……上架桥
focus: 集中(注意力、精力于)
regret: 感到遗憾;惋惜;懊悔
hug: 拥抱;搂抱
present: (以某种方式)展现,显示
3. 形容词(Adjectives)
social: 社交的;社会的
suitable: 合适的;适宜的
proper: 正确的;恰当的
cultural: 文化的;与文化有关的
interested: 感兴趣的;关心的
effective: 有效的
rude: 粗鲁的;无礼的
international: 国际的
fellow: 同类的;同伴的
4. 副词(Adverbs)
properly: 正确地;适当地
actually: 的确;真实地;事实上
nearly: 几乎;差不多;将近
smoothly: 连续而流畅地
widely: 普遍地;广泛地
separately: 分别地;各自地
5. 介词/连词/代词等
among: 在……当中
based on: 基于
in addition: 此外;另外
as for: 至于;关于
while: 当……的时候;而
both...and...: 不仅……而且……
not only...but also...: 不仅……而且……
重点单词变形
communicate (v. 交流) → communication (n. 交流;沟通) → communicative (adj. 爱交流的) → communicatively (adv. 交流地)
apologise (v. 道歉) → apology (n. 道歉) → apologetic (adj. 道歉的) → apologetically (adv. 道歉地)
misunderstand (v. 误解) → misunderstanding (n. 误解)
pronounce (v. 发音) → pronunciation (n. 发音)
realise (v. 意识到) → realisation (n. 认识;领悟)
vary (v. 变化) → variety (n. 多样性) → various (adj. 各种各样的) → variously (adv. 不同地)
focus (v./n. 集中;焦点) → focused (adj. 专注的)
culture (n. 文化) → cultural (adj. 文化的) → culturally (adv. 在文化方面)
interest (n./v. 兴趣;使感兴趣) → interested (adj. 感兴趣的) → interesting (adj. 有趣的) → interestingly (adv. 有趣地)
effect (n. 效果) → effective (adj. 有效的) → effectively (adv. 有效地) → effectiveness (n. 有效性)
proper (adj. 正确的) → properly (adv. 正确地)
separate (adj./v. 分开的;分离) → separately (adv. 分别地) → separation (n. 分离)
wide (adj. 广泛的) → widely (adv. 普遍地)
重点短语
1. 动词短语(Verb Phrases)
communicate with sb.: 与某人交流
text sb.: 给某人发短信
chat online: 网上聊天
allow sb. to do sth.: 允许某人做某事
avoid doing sth.: 避免做某事
cheer for sb./sth.: 为某人/某物鼓励;支持
apologise to sb. for sth.: 因某事向某人道歉
focus on: 集中注意力于……
regret doing sth.: 后悔做过某事
hug sb.: 拥抱某人
present sth. to sb.: 向某人展示某物
make a request: 提出要求
pronounce sth. correctly: 正确发音某物
bridge the gap: 消除隔阂;弥合差距
keep in touch: 保持联系
dig out: 挖掘;找出
2. 介词短语(Prepositional Phrases)
based on: 基于
in person: 亲自;当面
among sb.: 在某人当中
in addition: 此外;另外
as for: 至于;关于
a bit: 有点儿;稍微
in the end: 最后;终于
by accident: 偶然;意外地
3. 固定搭配与习惯用语(Fixed Collocations & Idioms)
social media: 社交媒体
cultural divide: 文化差异
avoid embarrassment: 避免难堪
come up with: 想出;提出(主意、计划等)
every little bit counts: 一点一滴都很重要
go ahead: 继续;着手做
It doesn’t matter.: 没关系。
Don’t worry about it.: 别担心。
That’s OK.: 没关系。
be suitable for: 适合……
in a proper way: 以恰当的方式
have a variety of: 有各种各样的……
一、单项选择
1.I will try as ________ as before to challenge it.
A.hardly B.harder C.hard D.hardest
2.Language classes keep students ________ by offering funny games.
A.interest B.interested C.interesting D.to interest
3.—Do you mind if I turn the music down a bit? It is a bit loud.
—Not at all. ______ I didn’t realize it was disturbing you.
A.Go ahead. B.Go away. C.Go off. D.Go over.
4.The communication club is doing a survey ________ Grade 7 students in our school.
A.among B.between C.across D.below
5.—I’m sorry. I accidentally spilled juice on your favorite shirt.
—No problem at all! ________
A.I know you didn’t mean it. B.Don’t do that again.
C.I don’t believe it was an accident. D.Why were you so careless?
6.—I’m sorry for being late.
—________
A.Don’t do that again. B.That’s right.
C.That’s all right. D.Take it easy.
7.This year, our school team played ________ than last year.
A.more successfully B.successfully C.most successfully D.the most successfully
8.He speaks English ________ an American because he has stayed in America for many years.
A.as good as B.worse than C.as badly as D.as well as
9.Emojis help the shy girl show her feelings ________ than words.
A.clearly B.more clearly C.the most clearly D.the least clearly
10.We need to communicate ________ with our team members than before.
A.effectively B.effective C.more effectively D.more effective
11.—Gina is very kind. ________ I stay with her, ________ I like her.
—I think so.
A.The longer; the more B.The longer; the most
C.The longest; the most D.The longest; the more
12.We can communicate ________ if we better understand cultural differences.
A.more effective B.more effectively
C.the most effective D.the most effectively
13.Danny checked his composition ________ so that he could make less mistakes.
A.careful enough B.enough careful C.enough carefully D.carefully enough
14.________ unforgettable adventure the students had last weekend!
A.How B.What C.What a D.What an
15.—What do you think of DeepSeek?
—It is really ________! I often use it to search for information.
A.fantastic B.mobile C.alive D.cultural
二、单词拼写
16.The program helps to the language divide between people from different countries. (across)
17.We should pay attention to differences when we travel to other places. (culture)
18.I /rɪˈɡret/ not studying harder for the exam last week.
19.With great efforts, scientists have found a more way to cure the deadly disease. (effect)
20.When people don’t know how to respond in conversations, people often use humor to hide their e .
21.Camps of this kind can be used to (弥合不同文化之间的代沟).
22.When are you going to get a job? (properly)
23.Organizing these is not easy, but we can work it out. (survey)
24.Sometimes we [ˌmɪsʌndəˈstænd] each other because we are from different countries.
25.Mum tells me that I should learn to well with others. (communication)
26.John gave a wonderful in his school. (speak)
27.The new teaching method is in improving students’ grades. (effect)
28.The director is looking for a (suit) actor for this film.
29.She always dresses for different occasions. (proper)
30.Nowadays, AI machines are helping us in a of ways. (various)
三、完成句子
31.我为误解你而道歉。
I
32.I misunderstood you. I apologised for it. (合并为一句)
I apologised you.
33.She forgot to put on her favorite dress at the party. (改为否定句)
She to put on her favorite dress at the party.
34.communicate, cannot, make, moving ships, noise, so much, that, the whales, the (连词成句)
.
35.can, understand, we, avoid, if, more, we, cultural, will, misunderstandings, differences
.
36.to, important, is, you, choose, when, it, suitable, are, topics, conversations, making
.
37.Sam forgot to copy the notes yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)
Sam to copy the notes yesterday?
38.her friend, how to pronounce, Lu Yao, some Chinese characters, taught (连词成句)
.
39.Lisa regretted missing the chance to travel abroad last year. (改为一般疑问句)
Lisa missing the chance to travel abroad last year?
40.to pronounce, for beginners, not easy, it’s, some English words (连词成句)
.
41.Mike fries the fish lightly. Bill fries the fish more lightly. (合并为一句)
Bill fries the fish than Mike.
42.Jane smiles more sweetly than any other student in her class. (保持句意基本不变)
Jane smiles the in her class.
43.Jack sells clothes the most cheaply of all.(保持句意基本不变)
Jack sells clothes than the others.
44.John said sorry to Mrs Bell for being late for the lecture. (保持句意)
John Mrs Bell for being late for the lecture.
45.He misunderstood several signals before the professional training. (改为否定句)
He several signals before the professional training.
$