语法复习第5讲动词的时态和语态讲义-2026届高三英语一轮复习

该高中英语讲义聚焦动词时态与语态高考核心语法点，系统梳理一般/进行/完成时态、现在完成进行时、过去将来时及被动语态等考点，按“用法解析-例句示范-真题训练”逻辑架构知识体系。通过考点精析、时态辨析指导、高考真题与模拟题实战演练等环节，帮助学生突破时态混用、被动语态误用等难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 资料突出“讲练结合”与“思维提升”特色，通过对比现在完成时与现在完成进行时的用法差异，引导学生分析语境中的时间逻辑，培养思维品质；结合2022天津高考真题“Food and medical supplies were distributed...”讲解被动语态时态匹配，提升语言能力。设置基础题组与跟踪检测分层练习，配合错题解析，确保高效突破，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支持。

第5讲　动词的时态和语态　 (1) 时　态 考点1　一般时态 1. 一般现在时 (1) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work. (2) 表示客观事实或普遍真理。 The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west. (3) 表示起止的动词,如come、 go、 leave、 arrive、 fly等常用一般现在时代替将来时,表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。 The plane for Brazil starts in ten minutes. (4) 在时间、条件或让步状语从句中常用一般(现在)时代替将来时。 If we don’t act now to protect the environment, we’ll live to regret it. (5) 在某些以here、there开头的句子中,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。 Here comes the bus. 2. 一般过去时 (1) 表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作,常与表示过去概念的具体的时间状语连用。 I felt very tired when I got home, and I went straight to bed. (2) 表示在此之前一段时间内经常或反复的动作,常与always、never等连用。 Mrs Peter always carried an umbrella. (3) 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。 When she saw him, she would let out a cry of horror. (4) 可用于以下固定句型: 1 It is time sb.did sth.某人该做某事了 2 would rather sb.did sth. 宁愿某人现在或者将来做某事 3. 一般将来时 (1) 表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,即单纯的将来事实,结构是will+动词原形。 A person spreading false information online will face up to three years in prison. (2) 三种表示将来时的结构: 1 “be going to+动词原形”表示打算和预测。 We are not going to ask him.我们不打算问他。 2 “be to+动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作。 He is to buy a new car.他决定买辆新车。 3 be about to do sth.表示即将发生某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用,但常与when引导的时间状语从句连用。 The train is about to leave.火车将要离开。 【题组训练】 1. (2025·天津第四十七中学模拟)—Do you know if he ______to play basketball with us?  —I think he will come if he ______free tomorrow.  A. comes; is　　　　 B.comes; will come B. will come; is D.will come; will come 【解析】选C。考查时态。句意:——你知道他是否会来和我们一起打篮球吗?——如果他明天有空,我想他会来的。分析题意可知,问句中的if作“是否”解,引导宾语从句,此处指“会来和我们一起打篮球”,故从句的谓语动词用一般将来时;而答语中的if意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句。英语中,在时间、条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时时,状语从句用一般现在时代替将来时,故选C。 2. (2022·天津高考)Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ______teenagers to make better decisions.  A. prepare B.prepares B. is preparing D.are preparing 【解析】选B。考查主谓一致和时态。句意:批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with连接两个并列的名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定,句子主语为Critical reasoning,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,此处为陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故选B。 3. (2025·天津武清区模拟)—Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been? —I went to Ningxia and ______there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.  A. had lived B.live B. am living D.lived 【解析】选D。考查时态。句意:——好久没见到你了!你去哪儿了?——我去了宁夏,在那里生活了一年,作为志愿者教书。结合and前的went可知,这里描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时。故选D。 4. (2025·天津第四中学模拟)—Have you ever visited the Oriental Pearl TV Tower? —Yes.When I was at university in Shanghai, I ______it twice.  A. visited B.have visited B. had visited D.would visit 【解析】选A。考查时态。句意:——你参观过东方明珠电视塔吗?——是的。当我在上海上大学的时候,我去过两次。根据时间状语从句“When I was at university in Shanghai”可知,此处是描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故选A。 5. (2025·天津第一中学模拟)Jack is a great talker.It’s high time that he ______something instead of just talking.  A. will do B.has done B. did D.do 【解析】选C。考查时态。句意:杰克是个很爱夸夸其谈的人。是时候他该做点实事而不是只说不做了。It’s (high) time that从句中用should do或动词一般过去时,意思是:该做……了。可知此题应为一般过去式did,故选C。 6. —Have you decided which university are you going to apply for? —Not yet.Before I make the final decision, I ______it with my parents and teachers.  A. discuss B.discussed B. will discuss D.was discussing 【解析】选C。考查时态。句意:——你决定好申请哪所大学了吗?——还没有。在我做出最后决定之前,我会和我的父母及老师讨论。根据句子结构可知,此处作谓语动词,由“Not yet.”和“Before I make the final decision”中make为一般现在时,可推断“我和父母及老师讨论”应该是将来的动作,用一般将来时。故选C。 【备选】 1. (2025·天津模拟)The headmaster, together with his teaching staff, ______the annual educational conference in Shanghai next week.  A. are attending B.is attending B. have attended D.has attended 【解析】选B。考查时态和主谓一致。句意:校长和他的教职员工下周将出席在上海举行的年度教育会议。由together with构成的主语应遵循就远原则,即句子的核心主语是第三人称单数“The headmaster”,根据 “next week” 可知,句子时态是一般将来时。在英语中,现在进行时(be + doing)可以表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常用于这种用法的动词有come、go、leave、start、arrive、attend 等。故选B。 2. (2025·天津第二新华中学模拟)—I wonder what makes him a good English teacher. —He ______as a volunteer in the UK for two years, which helps him with his work a lot.  A. has served B.serves B. had served D.served 【解析】选D。考查时态。句意:——我想知道是什么使他成为一个好的英语老师。——他在英国做了两年的志愿者,这对他的工作帮助很大。这里指在过去某段时间内发生过的事,在陈述一件过去的事实,所以用一般过去时态,故选D。 3. Since alcohol could increase warm blood flow in the skin,last month,the researchers in a study ______that people should reach for booze(豪饮)when it’s cold outside.  A. were suggested B.suggested B. have suggested D.suggesting 【解析】选B。考查时态和语态。句意:上个月,研究人员在一项研究中建议,由于酒精可以增加皮肤中温暖的血液流动,人们应该在室外寒冷的时候喝酒。分析句子可知,句中缺少谓语动词,researchers与suggest之间是主动关系,根据时间状语last month可知,要用一般过去时。故选B。 考点2　进行时态 1. 现在进行时 (1) 表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作。 I’ll go to the library as soon as I finish what I am doing. (2) 表近期特定的安排或计划。 I am meeting Mr Wang tonight. (3) 表示趋向行为的动词,如come、go、 start、 begin、 leave等可用现在进行时代替将来时。 National Day is coming.国庆节就要来临了。 (4) 当其与always、often、 forever、continually、constantly 等副词连用时表示重复的动作,有着极强的感情色彩,表示赞叹、不满、厌烦等。 The girl is always talking loudly in public. 2. 过去进行时 (1) 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内频繁发生的动作。 The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant was giving in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly. 经理对助手代替他举行的新闻发布会一直很担心,但是,幸运的是,一切都很顺利。 (2) 表示过去某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生。 He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。 (3) 过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,也通常与 always、forever、continually等副词连用。 They were always quarrelling.他们老是吵架。 3. 将来进行时 表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情。常用的时间状语有:soon、tomorrow、this evening、on Sunday、by this time、in two days、tomorrow evening等。 This time next week I’ll be lying on the beach,enjoying the sunshine. 【辨析】 一般将来时 表示对“现在时刻”来说,将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态 将来进行时 表示将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作 She is sixteen,and will be seventeen next year. What will you be doing this time next Monday? 【题组训练】 1. (2023·天津高考)Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you ______a group for a birthday party.  A. will be bringing　　　　 B.have brought B. have been bringing D.were bringing 【解析】选A。考查时态。句意:如果你提前告诉一些餐馆你将带一群人来参加生日派对,他们会很乐意提供一个免费的蛋糕。根据“in advance”可知,此处表示将来的动作,所以应用将来进行时。故选A。 2. (2025·天津静海区模拟) Look, what a mess in the room! You ______things about.  A. always throw B.will always throw B. are always throwing D.have always thrown 【解析】选C。考查时态。句意:看看,你的房间一团糟!你总是在到处乱扔东西。分析句子可知,这里是讲话者在作批评,而always用于现在进行时表示感情的好恶,符合句子的感情色彩。故选C。 3. I haven’t finished my homework yet.I ______my mother in the kitchen all day yesterday.  A. have been helping B.was helping B. had helped D.have helped 【解析】选B。考查时态。句意:我还没有完成作业。昨天一整天我都在厨房帮妈妈干活。根据时间状语all day yesterday可知,强调过去某一段时间一直在进行的动作,要用过去进行时。 4. I’m afraid I can’t go shopping with you this Sunday afternoon because I ______a meeting at that time.  A. will have B.will be having B. has had D.would have 【解析】选B。考查时态。句意:这个星期天下午我恐怕不能和你一起去购物了,因为那时我要开一个会。分析句子结构可知,该句是because引导的原因状语从句,主句使用了一般现在时,该空位于从句的谓语部分,根据语境及时间状语 at that time可知,表示在将来的某个时候正在进行的动作,要使用将来进行时,will be+动词-ing形式。 考点3　完成时态 1. 现在完成时 (1) 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常用的时间状语:already、so far、never、just、before、recently等。 He hasn’t heard of the news about the lost child so far. (2) 表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作或状态,甚至延续到将来。常与since、 for以及 so far、 now、 today、 this week(month、year)、for a long time、in/for/over/during the past/last few years、these days等连用。 We have learnt 500 words these days. (3) 现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作。 Please return the book to me when you have finished it. (4) 现在完成时的常用句式: 1 It is/has been+时间段+since...(did)...“自从……以来已经……”。 2 It is the first/second...time that sb.have/has done...“这是某人第几次做某事”。 2. 过去完成时 (1) 表示在过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作,强调“过去的过去”之意。常与by、before等介词短语或状语从句连用或用于有上下文暗示的句子。 By the end of last year, we had accomplished the project completely. (2) 表示意向的动词,如hope、wish、expect、think、intend、mean、suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。 We had expected that you would be able to win the match. (3) 用在“hardly...when...”和“no sooner...than...”句型的主句中。 No sooner had we reached the station than the train was off. (4) 用在表示“第几次做某事”的句型中。主句用一般过去时,从句用过去完成时。 It was the first time I had been in Beijing. 【点津】 (1) 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别: 过去完成时是以过去某个时间为参照点,强调过去某个时间点之前就已发生的事情;一般过去时是以现在为参照点,强调说话之前发生的事情,暗含现在已经不复存在之意。 (2) 过去完成时的常用句式: 1 It was the first/second...time that sb.had done...“这是某人第几次做某事”。 2 Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely had sb./sth.done...when...sb./sth.did...“一……就……”。 3 No sooner had sb./sth.done than sb./sth.did...“一……就……”。 3. 将来完成时 将来完成时表示到将来某个时间某一动作将会完成,常用的时间状语为“by+将来的某个时间”。 By this time next year, all of you will have become college students. 【题组训练】 1. (2022·天津新高考)The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school ______the party.  A. cancels　　　　 B.will cancel B. has canceled D.had canceled 【解析】选D。考查时态。句意:当孩子们发现学校取消了聚会时,他们无法掩饰他们的失望。根据谓语动词failed和found out以及句意可知,取消晚会这件事发生在failed和found out之前,所以用过去完成时。故选D。 2. —The machine is working again! —Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it______.  A. has been fixed B.is being fixed B. had been fixed D.would be fixed 【解析】选A。考查动词时态。句意:——机器又运转了!——是的,昨天机器出故障了,但已经被修好了。通过分析语境可知,此处使用现在完成时,表示截至目前已经完成的动作。故选A。 3. Hopefully in 2030 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we______more convenient electronic communication tools by then.  A. have developed B.had developed B. will have developed D.developed 【解析】选C。考查时态。句意:我们有望在2030年的时候不再互相发电子邮件,因为那时我们已经开发出更方便的电子通信工具。2030年为将来的时间,由by then可知要用将来完成时。 4. (2025·天津河北区模拟)Many a measure ______to develop local industries and promote tourism since the launch of the Green Rural Program.  A. has been taken B.are taken B. have been taken D.is taken 【解析】选A。考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:自从绿色农村计划启动以来,已经采取了许多措施来发展地方工业和促进旅游业。根据“since the launch of the Green Rural Program”可知,本句为现在完成时,Many a measure 与谓语take为被动关系,Many a +单数名词,谓语动词为单数。故选A。 5. Nearly seventeen centuries ______before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place.  A. has rolled away B.had rolled away B. rolled away D.was rolling away 【解析】选B。考查时态。句意:将近17个世纪过去了,庞贝古城才从寂静的安息之地被挖掘出来。根据时间状语从句before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place可知,roll away发生在过去的动作was dug之前,要用过去完成时。 6. (2025·天津滨海新区模拟)It was the fourth time that Mr Smith ______the Summer Palace.  A. has visited B.visited B. visits D.had visited 【解析】选D。考查时态。句意:这是史密斯先生第四次参观颐和园。根据句型It was the + 序数词 + time that sb.had done sth.,从句时态应该用过去完成时。故选D。 7. (2025·天津第四中学模拟)The author, along with her writing group, ______a series of creative writing workshops in various local schools over the past two months.  A. has conducted B.have conducted B. had conducted D.are conducting 【解析】选A。考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的两个月里,作者和她的写作小组在当地多所学校举办了一系列的创意写作工作坊。根据后文over the past two months可知,应用现在完成时,along with连接并列主语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语保持主谓一致,即和The author保持一致,助动词用has。故选A。 8. (2025·天津实验中学模拟)—Can we make it to the concert with such heavy traffic? —Absolutely not.The pianist ______for about half an hour when we arrive.  A. will be playing B.has played B. will have played D.has been playing 【解析】选C。考查时态。句意:——交通如此拥挤,我们能赶上这场音乐会吗?——当然赶不上了。我们到达时,钢琴师已经演奏了大约半个小时了。根据Can we make it to the concert with such heavy traffic?及for about half an hour when we arrive可知,此处描述将来完成的动作,故选C。 9. (2025·天津西青区模拟)The number of people attending the conference ______significantly over the past few years.  A. is increasing B.have increased B. has increased D.are increasing 【解析】选C。考查时态和主谓一致。句意:参加会议的人数在过去的几年中显著增加。根据时间状语over the past few years可知,谓语动词需用现在完成时态。The number of表示 “……的数量”,作主语时谓语动词需用单数形式,因此助动词应为has。故选C。 考点4　现在完成进行时 1. 表动作从过去一直延续到现在说话时刚结束或该动作还将进行时,常用现在完成进行时。 2. 含有一定的感情色彩,有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论。 —You look very tired. —I have been playing football the whole afternoon. 3. 有少数动词,如work、study、live、teach、stay等,在表示持续一段时间时用现在完成时与现在完成进行时含义差不多(现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性)。 I have lived/have been living here since 1980. 【点津】 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别 两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”,在含义上如果着重表示动作的结果,多用现在完成时,如果着重表示动作一直在进行,即动作的延续性,则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。例如: I have read that book.我读过那本书了。 I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。 【题组训练】 1. In order to find the missing child, villagers ______all they can over the past five hours.  A. did　　　　　 B.do B. had done D.have been doing 【解析】选D。考查时态。句意:为了找到失踪的孩子,村民们在过去五小时里一直在尽力做自己能做的事情。表示从过去开始一个动作持续到现在也可能持续下去。根据题干意思表示“在过去五小时里一直做”,因此用现在完成进行时,故选D。 2. (2025·天津河西区模拟)—Where is Peter? I can’t find him anywhere. —He went to the library after breakfast and ______his essay there ever since.  A. wrote B.had written B. has been writing D.is writing 【解析】选C。考查时态。句意:——彼得在哪?我到处都找不到他。——早饭后他去了图书馆,从那时起他就一直在那儿写论文。结合句意以及时间状语 “ever since” 可知,他吃过早餐去图书馆之后,便一直在那里写论文,表示一个动作从过去某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在,并有可能继续持续下去,因此应该用现在完成进行时,故选C。 3. (2025·天津五区重点校模拟)There is only one week left before the Spring Festival and every family ______for it since the middle of the month.  A. is preparing B.was preparing B. has been preparing D.had been preparing 【解析】选C。考查时态和主谓一致。句意:距离春节只有一周时间了,自从这个月的中旬以来,每个家庭都一直在为此做准备。根据since the middle of the month可知,prepare“准备”这一动作开始于过去,持续到现在,并将继续持续下去,句子时态应用现在完成进行时have/has been doing,又因主语是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has。故选C。 考点5　过去将来时 过去将来时一般不独立使用。常用在复合句中,表达从过去看将来的动作或状态。 1. would do sth. He said he would drop in on us before long. 2. was/were going to do sth. He asked me if there was going to be a concert that night. 3. was/were doing sth.过去进行时可以表示过去将来的动作。 He told me he was leaving for Shanghai the next day. 4. was/were to do过去将要做…… was/were to have done过去打算做……,而事实上没能做成。 He said he was to hold a party. He was to have held a party, but it rained heavily. 5. was/were about to do sth. I was about to open the door when the telephone rang. 4. was/were on the point of doing sth. She was on the point of calling you when you came. 5. was/were going to do sth.过去打算做某事,而事实上没能做成。 —Why didn’t you come to my party? —I was going to, but my wife was ill. 【题组训练】 1. As a young man he did not know he ______famous later.  A. was to become　　 B.becomes B. is to become D.became 【解析】选A。考查时态。句意:作为一个年轻人,他不知道他后来会成名。用过去将来时表示在过去某个时间将要发生的事情,故选A。 2. (2025·天津河北区模拟)—Did you discuss the problem with Mr Liu in detail? —No.When I got to his office, he ______for an important meeting, so we had only a few words.  A. left B.was leaving B. has left D.had left 【解析】选B。考查时态。句意:——你和刘先生详细讨论过这个问题吗?——没有。当我到他办公室时,他正要去参加一个重要的会议,所以我们只说了几句话。根据so we had only a few words可知,刘先生正要离开,应用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。故选B。 3. (2025·天津第四十七中学模拟)Our air-conditioners ______well, but decades of years ago, no one could have imagined such a big share in the market that they ______.  A. sell; were to have B.are sold; were having B. sell; have had D.are sold; had had 【解析】选A。考查时态和语态。句意:我们的空调卖得很好,但是几十年前没有人能想到它们会有这么大的市场份额。 sell这个词在表达“销售”或“卖出”的含义时,通常没有被动形式;第二空根据“decades of years ago, no one could have imagined”可知,此处表示过去将要发生的事情,应该用过去将来时。故选A。 (2) 语　态 考点1　被动语态的使用场合 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者。 —The window is so dirty. —I know.It hasn’t been cleaned for weeks. 2. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。 All the employees are encouraged to work online at home. 3. 在文章标题、广告、新闻中。 4. 当动作的执行者不是人时。 Unless some extra money is found,the theatre will close. 5. get构成的表示被动的短语,get done=be done。例如:get repaired/paid/lost/hurt。 In the end his novel got translated into French. 【题组训练】 1. (2023·天津高考)The wooden tower that ______will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost finished.  A. is being restored B.is restored B. is restoring D.restores 【解析】选A。考查时态和语态。句意:正在修复的木塔将很快对游客开放,工程即将完工。此句The wooden tower是先行词,作定语从句的主语,restore是定语从句的谓语动词,二者在逻辑上是被动关系,所以要用被动语态。根据后文the work is almost finished可知,修复工作几乎快要结束,说明还没结束,修复工作正在进行。所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。故选A。 2. (2025·天津河东区模拟)—Why do you look so worried? —My computer broke down and my paper ______unfinished ever since.  A. was left B.has left B. left D.has been left 【解析】选D。考查时态和语态。句意:——为什么你看起来如此担心?——我的电脑坏了,从那以后我的论文就一直搁置着没写完。根据 “ever since” 可知,此处为现在完成时,my paper和leave之间为被动关系,需用被动语态。故选D。 3. Linda as well as her two close friends ______into universities in Beijing last year.  A. was admitted B.were admitted B. has been admitted D.had been admitted 【解析】选A。考查时态和主谓一致。句意:琳达和她的两个亲密的朋友去年都被北京的大学录取了。as well as遵循“就前原则”,Linda是单数,last year表示去年,因此用was admitted。 【备选】 My washing machine______this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.  A. was repaired　　　　　 B.is repaired B. is being repaired D.has been repaired 【解析】选C。考查动词的时态和语态。句意:我的洗衣机这周正在被修理,因此我不得不手洗我的衣物。由时间状语this week可知要表达的动作和现在有关,排除A。洗衣机是被修理的,因此用现在进行时的被动语态,据此排除B、D。 考点2　不使用被动语态的情境 1. 不及物动词不能使用被动语态。常见的不及物动词(短语)有: (1) 发生类:happen、 take place、 occur、 break out (2) come 短语类:come out(消息被传出,书被出版)、 come up(被提出)、come about(发生) (3) 用光类:run out、 give out (4) 其他类:remain、 belong to、 die、go out 2. 系动词类不使用被动语态,如look、sound、feel、smell、taste、appear、turn、stay、fall、get、become、grow、keep等。主动形式表被动意义,如need、want、require、be worth doing、be to blame、be easy/hard/impossible to do。 3. 表示主语特征或功能的动词(read、wash、 write、 sell、lock、open等),常与well、easily、 nicely、badly、hardly、not、 won’t连用。 This kind of paper sells well. 【题组训练】 1. (2025·天津第一中学模拟)Our office supplies ______soon.We must make a purchase right away before there’s none left.  A. have run out　　　　　 B.are running out B. have been run out D.are being run out 【解析】选B。考查时态和语态。句意:我们的办公用品很快就用完了。我们必须马上购买,免得一点也没有了。run out用完,是不及物动词短语,没有被动语态,所以排除C和D;根据后文“We must make a purchase right away before there’s none left.”可知,办公用品快要用完了,故用现在进行时are running out表示将来,强调快要或即将发生的动作。故选B。 2. (2025·天津第二新华中学模拟)What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has______?  A. given out B.put out B. held up D.used up 【解析】选A。考查时态和语态。句意:当世界上所有的石油被用完的时候,我们用什么充当燃料呢?give out分发,耗尽,用完(无被动语态);put out生产,出版,扑灭;hold up举起,支撑,耽搁,延误;use up用完,耗尽。D项要使用被动语态。故选A。 3. —Excuse me, is the book Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell available now? —Sorry, but it ______so well that we don’t have any in store.  A. sells B.is sold B. has sold D.has been sold 【解析】选A。考查时态和语态。句意:——请问,玛格丽特·米切尔的《飘》现在有吗?——对不起,它卖得太好了,我们店里没有。根据句意可知,该句表示现在的状态,所以应用一般现在时。选项中所给词“sell(卖)”在与well等副词连用的时候,描绘主语的特性或自然属性,即“(这本书)卖得好”,此时用作不及物动词,只有主动形式,故选A。 【备选】 1. (2022·天津新高考) Food and medical supplies ______to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.  A. distribute B.distributed B. are distributed D.were distributed 【解析】选D。考查时态和语态。句意:上周日飓风过后,食品和医疗用品已分发给所有居民。根据时间状语last Sunday可知,此处用一般过去时。主语Food and medical supplies和distribute(分发)之间是被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。 2. This pen ______so smoothly.I bought two packets for my son and his cousin.  A. was written　　 B.has been written B. is writing D.writes 【解析】选D。考查时态。句意:这支笔写起来很流畅。我给儿子和他的表弟买了两包。“这支笔写起来很流畅”是一个客观的事实,用一般现在时,故选D。 跟踪检测·自我评估 1. Various efforts ______in the past decades to protect the environment.  A. had made　　 B.have made B. were made D.have been made 【解析】选D。考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的几十年里,人们为保护环境做出了各种努力。根据in the past decades可知句子用现在完成时态,efforts是句子主语,复数形式,和谓语动词make之间是被动关系,所以此处用现在完成时态的被动语态,故选D。 2. (2025·天津滨海新区模拟) White and Karin set up an animal hospital in 2017.Since then, they ______about 4,000 sea creatures.  A. treated B.are treating B. have treated D.had treated 【解析】选C。考查时态。句意:2017年,怀特和卡琳成立了一家动物医院。从那时起,他们已经治疗了大约4 000种海洋生物。此处为谓语动词的填入,结合时间状语Since then“从那时起”可知,此处为现在完成时。故选C。 3. (2025·天津第一中学模拟) The musician, along with his band members ______ten performances in the last three months.  A. gives B.has given B. have given D.give 【解析】选B。考查时态与主谓一致。句意:在过去的三个月里,这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知,这句话的时态为现在完成时,故排除A、D选项。本句主语为The musician,为第三人称单数形式,句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分,故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 4. —You seem to be familiar with the school campus. —I ______here for three years.It’s great to be back.  A. have taught B.taught B. had taught D.teach 【解析】选B。考查时态。句意:——你似乎对校园熟悉。——我在这里教过3年学。回来真是太好了。“在这里教过3年学”与现在无关,指过去发生的一件事情,故用一般过去时,故选B。 5. He told us that the building ______when he came to the city two years ago.  A. has been destroyed B.has destroyed B. had been destroyed D.was destroyed 【解析】选C。考查时态和语态。句意:他告诉我们两年前他来到这个城市时这座建筑就已经被毁坏了。主句中时态是一般过去时,宾语从句时态要与其一致,且宾语从句中动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前,所以用过去完成时,表示在另一个过去行动(told)之前就已经完成了的事件。宾语从句中的主语the building与动词destroy是动宾关系,要用被动语态,表示被动。因此,用过去完成时的被动语态。故选C。 6. (2025·天津静海区模拟)One night, at about midnight, I ______the sky for about an hour.The stars were shining like diamonds.  A. have watched B.had watched B. watch D.watched 【解析】选D。考查时态。句意:一天晚上,午夜时分,我看了大约一个小时的天空。星星像钻石一样闪闪发光。根据时间状语One night,可知此句描述的是在过去的时间里发生的事,和现在没有联系,也没有和过去的动作以及时间上的先后对比,所以用一般过去时,故选D。 7. I ______for the airport to catch the flight at 6 pm.Please send the file to me within ten minutes.  A. am leaving B.have left B. was leaving D.had left 【解析】选A。考查时态。句意:我要去机场赶下午6点的航班。 请在10分钟内把文件发给我。由题意可知,动作还没发生,所以要用将来时。表位移的瞬间动词可以使用现在进行时表将来。故选A。 8. (2025·天津河西区模拟)—What’s that noise? —Oh,I forget to tell you.The new machine______.  A. is testing B.was being tested B. is being tested D.has been tested 【解析】选C。考查时态和语态。句意:——那是什么噪声?——哦,我忘了告诉你了。新机器正在接受检测。根据题干中一方问那是什么噪声,可以得知是现在时态,“The new machine”和“test”之间是被动关系,故选C。 9. (2025·天津模拟) I’m afraid I won’t be available then.I ______a friend off at two o’clock this afternoon.  A. will be seeing B.am about to see B. to see D.see 【解析】选A。考查时态。句意:恐怕那时我没空。今天下午两点我要给一个朋友送行。根据后文的时间状语at two o’clock this afternoon,可知句子要用将来进行时。故选A。 10. (2025·天津第一中学模拟)—I believe that Cathy will pass the oral English test this time. —Absolutely.She ______for the test in the last three weeks.  A. prepared B.will prepare B. has prepared D.has been preparing 【解析】选D。考查时态。句意:——我相信凯茜这次会通过英语口语考试的。——当然。在过去的三个星期里,她一直在准备考试。结合句意并由in the last three weeks可知,准备考试的事情从过去开始持续到现在并还有可能继续进行下去,因此用现在完成进行时,故选D。 11. (2025·天津南开区模拟)Sam, as well as his team members ______by Professor Lown for not finishing the task in time.  A. is criticized B.are criticized B. was criticized D.were criticized 【解析】选C。考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:萨姆和他的团队成员因没有及时完成任务而受到劳恩教授的批评。句子描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,且主语和动词criticize是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,as well as连接两个主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于其前面的主语,即此处与Sam一致,为单数意义,故选C。 12. (2025·天津第一百中学模拟)Now that she is out of a job, Lucy______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.  A. has considered B.has been considering B. consider D.is going to consider 【解析】选B。考查时态。句意:因为失业,露西一直考虑重返校园,但是到现在还没做出决定。根据该句中she hasn’t decided yet可知,考虑到这个动作发生在过去,并且一直持续到现在,并且还有可能继续持续下去,一直到下定决心了,故需用现在完成进行时。故选B。 13. (2025·天津耀华中学模拟)Lao She’s play Tea House ______into at least ten different films over the past 10 years.  A. had been made B.has been made B. would be made D.was made 【解析】选B。考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的10年里,老舍的话剧《茶馆》被改编成至少10部不同的电影。make into是谓语动词,与主语Lao She’s play之间是被动关系,结合时间状语over the past 10 years可知,描述从10年前开始,持续到现在的情况,应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选B。 14. —May I take the typewriter away? —Sorry, I ______it.  A. am using B.used B. have used D.was using 【解析】选A。考查时态。句意:——我可以把打字机拿走吗?——对不起,我正在用。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词,结合句意和语境可知,不能拿走的原因是“我正在用它”,需用现在进行时。故选A。 15. —Tom, how are you doing with the job hunting? —To be frank,I’m still hesitating whether to accept the position I ______at the job fair.  A. had been offered B.was offered B. offered D.had offered 【解析】选B。考查时态和语态。句意:——Tom,你找工作的事情怎么样了?——说实话,我还在犹豫是否接受在招聘会上给我提供的那个职位。根据句子语境可知,主语I与offer之间为被动关系,句中需要用被动语态,根据上下文,被提供工作是在过去,所以此处用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 16. (2025·天津弘毅中学模拟)—You are a great swimmer. —Thanks.It’s because I ______a lot these days.  A. have been practising B.was practising B. would practise D.had practised 【解析】选A。考查时态。句意:——你是个游泳好手。——谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these days(这些天)可知,“练习游泳”从数天前开始,一直持续到现在,因此该句应用现在完成进行时。故选A。 17. —When will the next meeting begin? —I have no idea.But just a minute, I ______it for you.  A. will check B.checked B. check D.would check 【解析】选A。考查时态。句意:——下次会议什么时候开始?——我不知道。请稍等,我帮你查一下。分析句子可知,设空处为谓语,根据just a minute,可知应用一般将来时,故选A。 - 27 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $