Unit 8 What are the shirts made of 一般现在时的被动语态的用法（单元核心语法精练）英语鲁教版五四学制八年级下册

Unit 8 What are the shirts made of ? 核心语法精练（一般现在时的被动语态的用法） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 2 二、句型转换 5 三、完成句子 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 7 一、完形填空 7 二、任务型阅读 10 三、短文填空 12 被动语态(一) 语态用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态，一种是主动语态，表示主语是动作的执行者；另一种是被动语态，表示主语是动作的承受者。下面的两个例句可以帮助大家理解二者的用法。 1. Kelly cleans the house every day. (该句为主动语态，主语Kelly是动作clean的执行者，宾语the house是动作clean的承受者。) 2. The house is cleaned by Kelly every day. (该句为被动语态，主语the house是动作clean的承受者，动作的执行者Kelly由介词by引出。) 被动语态通常由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。如： English is spoken in many countries. Such books were written for middle school students. The computer should be turned off at once.        被动语态可用于多种时态，本单元我们学习一般现在时的被动语态。 一、构成 被动语态由"be动词+及物动词的过去分词"构成，其中的be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。一般现在时的被动语态的各种句式如下： 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词(+其他). The task is finished by them together.这个任务是由他们一起完成的。 否定句 主语+am/is/are+not+及物动词的过去分词(+其他). These books are not sold very well.这些书销售的并不好。 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are+主语+及物动词的过去分词(+其他)？ Is the satellite sent by China? 卫星是由中国发射的吗？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+及物动词的过去分词(+其他)? Who are told to study hard? 谁被要求努力学习？ 二、如何将主动句变成被动句 分为五步 第一步将主动句中的宾语变成被动句中的主语(宾语如为人称代词，须将宾格变为主格)； 第二步根据这个主语选用相应的助动词be (am / is /are)； 第三步将主动句中的谓语动词变成它的过去分词形式； 第四步将主动句中的主语置于介词by之后(如为人称代词，须将主格变为宾格)； 第五步将句中的其他成分加上。如： 一、单项选择 1．—Excuse me, is it my turn to enter the doctor’s office now? —Not yet. Please wait here until your name ________. A．calls B．will call C．is called D．is calling 2．Most of the earth’s surface ________ by water. A．covers B．covered C．is covered D．was covered 3．A great number of beautiful flowers ________ on the road in Chengdu these days. A．plant B．are planted C．are planting D．was planted 4．Chinese ________ by more and more people from foreign countries today. A．speaks B．spoke C．is spoken D．will speak 5．Usually before exams, students ______ two minutes to write down their names. A．gave B．will give C．are given D．give 6．—Dad, please open the door, it ________. —OK, dear. I’m coming. A．locks B．locked C．is locked D．was locked 7．They can go home as soon as the homework ________. A．finishes B．finished C．was finished D．is finished 8．Every year, new rules ________ in schools to keep students safe. A．make B．are making C．are made D．were made 9．—Can you go to the movies with me tonight? —I have to ask my mom. If I ________, I will go with you. A．have allowed B．will allow C．was allowed D．am allowed 10．In China, a kid’s tenth birthday is an important event and it ________ with a special party. A．celebrates B．is celebrated C．was celebrated D．celebrated 11．—Mom, when will we go to the restaurant? —As soon as your homework ________. A．finishes B．is finished C．will finish D．will be finished 12．Many trees and flowers ________ in our city every year. A．planted B．are planted C．were planted D．will be planted 13．The science magazine is very popular and it ________ mainly by students now. A．has read B．is read C．reads D．will be read 14．Every year, thousands of trees ________ in our city to make the environment greener. A．plant B．planted C．are planted D．were planted 15．These flowers look beautiful. They ________ every week. A．water B．watered C．were watered D．are watered 二、句型转换 1．The chopsticks are made of wood.（对画线部分提问） the chopsticks of? 2．People waste a lot of water every day. (改为被动语态) A lot of water by people every day. 3．My mother waters these flowers every day. (改为被动语态) These flowers by my mother every day. 4．People use different apps to help in work and study. (改为被动语态) Different apps to help in work and study by people. 5．That kind of car is produced in China. (对画线部分提问) that kind of car ? 三、完成句子 1．据报道目前世界上前100座桥梁中有一半在贵州。 It that half of the world’s top 100 bridges are in Guizhou at present. 2．例如，每年都应该种植更多的树木。 For example, more trees each year. 3．抖音在全世界被广泛使用。 Tik Tok is all over the world. 4．这些椅子是竹子制成的。 These chairs are bamboo. 5．英语在古巴是作为官方语言来讲的吗？ English as the official language in Cuba? 一、完形填空 The Unpowered（无动力的） Washing Machine was invented by Remya Jose, an 18-year-old student from India. This machine is popular in areas for running without electricity, or by those 1 wish to save time on exercising and chores. When Remya was in the 10th grade, her father was 2 in hospital. What's worse, her mother fell 3 ill, too. As a 4 , all things fell on Remya. She had to take the matters into her own 5 and try to support her family. Having watched her mother wash clothes 6 her hands, Remya got to know how hard washing clothes could be. They had no money affording a 7 that could do all the work for them, so Remya thought hard to make their lives much 8 . But Remya didn't have enough 9 . Being a school student, she had to 10 three buses just to get to her school and it took over 2 hours. When things got a little more difficult, she was 11 to find a way to solve the problem. With the 12 of her father, Remya took a year to finish the prototype（原型）of her machine. She began by learning 13 understanding the workings（运作方式）of machines. Then she worked hard with the waste, and 14 she got the fruits of her hard work. She 15 a washing machine running without electricity. And it also came with pedals（踏板）that allowed one to exercise freely while doing a chore. 1．A．who B．what C．which D．when 2．A．broken B．ill C．ready D．healthy 3．A．typically B．specially C．seriously D．easily 4．A．reason B．solution C．expression D．result 5．A．minds B．positions C．experiences D．hands 6．A．in B．with C．for D．behind 7．A．machine B．chance C．job D．sale 8．A．harder B．closer C．easier D．busier 9．A．money B．time C．chance D．energy 10．A．buy B．receive C．give D．change 11．A．forced B．refused C．repeated D．caught 12．A．protection B．thank C．help D．idea 13．A．or B．and C．but D．so 14．A．rapidly B．finally C．exactly D．clearly 15．A．invented B．copied C．prepared D．fixed 二、任务型阅读 ‘Made in China’ means quality For a long time, “made in China” made people think of cheap, low-quality goods. China was just the world’s factory. But now Chinese brands are going global and being recognized. Time magazine recently released a list of the 100 most influential companies in the world. Several Chinese companies were included, such as tech giants Alibaba, Huawei, Tencent, DJI, TikTok and DiDi Chuxing. These companies are shaping the world with advanced technology. Time reported that DJI holds 70 percent of the global drone market. This year, it launched a new drone with a set of glasses that give users a first-person view of their drone’s flight. TikTok has become one of the most popular apps in the US with its never-ending stream of videos. Some 50 million US users spend an average of 46 minutes on it every day. Chinese fashion has also attracted global consumers. In 2011, Chinese sneaker brands Feiyue, Huili and Li-Ning gained international attention. More recently, Shein has become one of the most popular Chinese fast fashion brands overseas. In 2020, its operating income reached over 10 billion dollars, an increase of 100 percent over the previous year, Global Times reported. Many European consumers say Shein is affordable, fashionable and of high quality. In the future, Chinese brands will continue to develop. Thanks to a bigger market, improved supply chains and efficient manufacturing, “this is the best era for the development of local brands,” Yan Qiang, a partner with Beijing-based Hejun Consulting, told Global Times. 16．What will come to people’s minds when we mention “made in China” in the past? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 17．How did many Chinese companies enter the Time’s list? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 18．What’s the advantage of DJI’s new drone? ______________________________________________________________________________________ 19．Why do many European buyers like Shein? __________________________________________________________________________ 20．Why will Chinese brands develop quickly in the future? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hanging a red lantern in front of the door is believed to drive off bad luck. The first Chinese paper lanterns 21 (invent) during the Eastern Han Dynasty (东汉). In ancient China, people raised lanterns to get light and wish for a better life. Also, lanterns were widely used on festivals. Nowadays, it has become a tradition that both big cities 22 small towns are filled with red lanterns during the festival. The materials for making lanterns are simple. People can 23 (make) bamboo, wood and metal into frames (框架) of lanterns. Paper and silk 24 (be) the main materials for covers. People like to paint beautiful Chinese pictures on 25 (they). The traditional lantern is covered by rice paper with a candle burning inside. Lights shine through the rice paper 26 night. That is really Chinese style. The most common Chinese lanterns are red, round and with red or golden tassels (流苏). They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good 27 (wish). In Chinese culture, lanterns in different colors express different meanings. People 28 (usual) light several lanterns for the Chinese New Year, and enjoy lantern shows with family during the Lantern Festival Lanterns light the night of festivals. Happiness and joy spread into different families by these different lanterns. Lanterns are also used in all kinds 29 celebrations. Lanterns have become the national 30 (proud) in China 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 What are the shirts made of ? 核心语法精练（一般现在时的被动语态的用法） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 2 二、句型转换 5 三、完成句子 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 7 一、完形填空 7 二、任务型阅读 10 三、短文填空 12 被动语态(一) 语态用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态，一种是主动语态，表示主语是动作的执行者；另一种是被动语态，表示主语是动作的承受者。下面的两个例句可以帮助大家理解二者的用法。 1. Kelly cleans the house every day. (该句为主动语态，主语Kelly是动作clean的执行者，宾语the house是动作clean的承受者。) 2. The house is cleaned by Kelly every day. (该句为被动语态，主语the house是动作clean的承受者，动作的执行者Kelly由介词by引出。) 被动语态通常由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。如： English is spoken in many countries. Such books were written for middle school students. The computer should be turned off at once.        被动语态可用于多种时态，本单元我们学习一般现在时的被动语态。 一、构成 被动语态由"be动词+及物动词的过去分词"构成，其中的be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。一般现在时的被动语态的各种句式如下： 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词(+其他). The task is finished by them together.这个任务是由他们一起完成的。 否定句 主语+am/is/are+not+及物动词的过去分词(+其他). These books are not sold very well.这些书销售的并不好。 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are+主语+及物动词的过去分词(+其他)？ Is the satellite sent by China? 卫星是由中国发射的吗？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+及物动词的过去分词(+其他)? Who are told to study hard? 谁被要求努力学习？ 二、如何将主动句变成被动句 分为五步 第一步将主动句中的宾语变成被动句中的主语(宾语如为人称代词，须将宾格变为主格)； 第二步根据这个主语选用相应的助动词be (am / is /are)； 第三步将主动句中的谓语动词变成它的过去分词形式； 第四步将主动句中的主语置于介词by之后(如为人称代词，须将主格变为宾格)； 第五步将句中的其他成分加上。如： 一、单项选择 1．—Excuse me, is it my turn to enter the doctor’s office now? —Not yet. Please wait here until your name ________. A．calls B．will call C．is called D．is calling 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——对不起，现在轮到我进医生的办公室了吗？——还没有。请在这里等候，直到有人叫你的名字。 考查时态语态。句子主语“your name”与动词call之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，此处是until引导的时间状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”的原则，空处所在的从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选C。 2．Most of the earth’s surface ________ by water. A．covers B．covered C．is covered D．was covered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：地球表面的大部分被水覆盖着。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“Most of the earth’s surface ... by water.”可知，主语Most of the earth’s surface与cover之间是被动关系，该句且陈述事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”。故选C。 3．A great number of beautiful flowers ________ on the road in Chengdu these days. A．plant B．are planted C．are planting D．was planted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这些天在成都的路上种了许多美丽的花。 考查句子时态和语态。plant动词原形；are planted一般现在时的被动语态；are planting现在进行时；was planted一般过去时的被动语态。主语flowers和动词plant之间是动宾关系，结合“these days”可知，时态为一般现在时，所以此处应用一般现在时的被动语态（结构：be+动词过去分词），主语是复数，be动词用are。故选B。 4．Chinese ________ by more and more people from foreign countries today. A．speaks B．spoke C．is spoken D．will speak 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今，越来越多的外国人士开始学习并使用汉语。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 5．Usually before exams, students ______ two minutes to write down their names. A．gave B．will give C．are given D．give 【答案】C 【详解】句意：通常在考试前，学生有两分钟的时间写下他们的名字。 考查时态和语态。此处主语students和动词give之间是被动关系，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态be done。故选C。 6．—Dad, please open the door, it ________. —OK, dear. I’m coming. A．locks B．locked C．is locked D．was locked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——爸爸，请开门，它被锁住了。——好的，亲爱的。我来了。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“Dad, please open the door, it...”可知，主语“it”与动词“lock”是被动关系，且“锁门”这个动作表示当前的状态，故用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为am/is/are done，it作主语，系动词用is，故选C。 7．They can go home as soon as the homework ________. A．finishes B．finished C．was finished D．is finished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：作业一完成，他们就可以回家。   考查时态和语态辨析。finishes完成，三单形式；finished过去式和过去分词；was finished一般过去时的被动语态；is finished一般现在时的被动语态。根据“as soon as”可知，这句话是时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即如果主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时；在这个句子中，“They can go home”是主句，表示将来的动作“他们可以回家”，所以“the homework...”所在的从句要用一般现在时；“homework”和“finish”之间是被动关系，即作业是被完成的，这里用一般现在时的被动语态“be+过去分词”结构，“homework”是不可数名词，be动词用“is” ，“finish”的过去分词是“finished”，故选D。 8．Every year, new rules ________ in schools to keep students safe. A．make B．are making C．are made D．were made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每年，学校都会制定新的规则来保障学生的安全。 考查被动语态。主语rules和动词make是动宾关系，时态是一般现在时，被动语态结构是am/is/are done，主语是复数，故选C。 9．—Can you go to the movies with me tonight? —I have to ask my mom. If I ________, I will go with you. A．have allowed B．will allow C．was allowed D．am allowed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你今晚能和我去看电影吗？——我得问我妈妈。如果我被允许，我就和你一起去。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“If”可知，这是if引导的条件状语从句，其时态遵循“主将从现”原则，此处的主句是将来时态，所以if从句用一般现在时态；主语“I”与“allow”是被动关系，所以用被动语态，即am allowed。故选D。 10．In China, a kid’s tenth birthday is an important event and it ________ with a special party. A．celebrates B．is celebrated C．was celebrated D．celebrated 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在中国，孩子的十岁生日是一个重要的事情，通常会用特别的派对来庆祝。 考查动词时态和语态。此句为一般现在时，主语“it”与谓语动词“celebrate”之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。故选B。 11．—Mom, when will we go to the restaurant? —As soon as your homework ________. A．finishes B．is finished C．will finish D．will be finished 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我们什么时候去餐馆？——你的作业一完成我们就去。 考查时态和语态。根据“Mom, when will we go to the restaurant?”和“As soon as your homework….”可知，as soon as引导的时间状语从句遵循主将从现原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。主语your homework与“完成”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态结构为am/is/are+过去分词，主语是第三人称单数，故用is finished。故选B。 12．Many trees and flowers ________ in our city every year. A．planted B．are planted C．were planted D．will be planted 【答案】B 【详解】句意   我们的城市每年都会种植许多树木和花卉。 考查动词时态和被动语态。planted种植，主动语态过去式；are planted一般现在时被动语态；were planted一般过去时被动语态；will be planted一般将来时被动语态。“Many trees and flowers” 和 “plant” 之间是被动关系，every year 表明是一般现在时，一般现在时的被动语态结构是 be + 过去分词，主语是复数，be 动词用 are，故选B。 13．The science magazine is very popular and it ________ mainly by students now. A．has read B．is read C．reads D．will be read 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这本科学杂志很受欢迎，现在主要由学生阅读。    考查动词时态和语态。has read现在完成时主动语态，表示“已经阅读；is read一般现在时被动语态，表示“被阅读”；reads一般现在时主动语态；will be read一般将来时被动语态，表示“将被阅读”。根据“The science magazine is very popular and it ... mainly by students now.”可知，此处表示现在主要由学生阅读，is read表示 “被阅读”。符合 “now”的时间状语，且主语与动词为被动关系。故选B。 14．Every year, thousands of trees ________ in our city to make the environment greener. A．plant B．planted C．are planted D．were planted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每年，我们城市都会种植成千上万棵树，让环境更绿。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语“trees”与“plant”之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，其结构为“be + done”，plant的过去分词是“planted”；根据“Every year”可知，此处用一般现在时，所以“be”动词的形式为“are”。故选C。 15．These flowers look beautiful. They ________ every week. A．water B．watered C．were watered D．are watered 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这些花看起来很漂亮。它们每周都被浇一次水。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语“They”指代“These flowers”，与动词water“给……浇水”为被动关系，又根据“every week”可知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为be done；主语为“They”，be动词应用are，动词water的过去分词为watered。故选D。 二、句型转换 1．The chopsticks are made of wood.（对画线部分提问） the chopsticks of? 【答案】 What are made 【详解】句意：筷子是用木头做的。画线内容是“wood”，因此这里用“what”提问，在句首首字母大写，表示“筷子是什么制作的？”be made of“由……制作”。故填What；are；made。 2．People waste a lot of water every day. (改为被动语态) A lot of water by people every day. 【答案】 is wasted 【详解】句意：人们每天浪费大量的水。原句为一般现在时，谓语动词为waste“浪费”，改为被动语态的结构为“is/am/are+动词的过去分词”。主语“A lot of water”为不可数名词，be动词用is；waste的过去分词为wasted。故填is；wasted。 3．My mother waters these flowers every day. (改为被动语态) These flowers by my mother every day. 【答案】 are watered 【详解】句意：我妈妈每天浇这些花。被动语态结构为“be + 过去分词”，原句是一般现在时，主语“These flowers”是复数，be动词用“are”，“water”的过去分词是“watered”。故填are；watered。 4．People use different apps to help in work and study. (改为被动语态) Different apps to help in work and study by people. 【答案】 are used 【详解】句意：人们使用不同的应用程序来帮助工作和学习。根据“People use”可知，原句时态为一般现在时，且谓语动词为“use”，变为被动语态用一般现在时态的被动语态，结构为am/is/are done。主语为复数的“Different apps”，be动词用are；use的过去分词为used。故填are；used。 5．That kind of car is produced in China. (对画线部分提问) that kind of car ? 【答案】 Where is produced 【详解】句意：这种车是中国生产的。分析句子可知，对in China提问，是对地点提问，用疑问词where，位于句首首字母需大写；此处是一般现在时的被动语态，助动词is位于主语前，后面谓语用过去分词produced，故填Where；is；produced。 三、完成句子 1．据报道目前世界上前100座桥梁中有一半在贵州。 It that half of the world’s top 100 bridges are in Guizhou at present. 【答案】 is reported 【详解】考查固定句型It is reported that…“据报道……”。故填is；reported。 2．例如，每年都应该种植更多的树木。 For example, more trees each year. 【答案】 should be planted 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，空处缺少了“应该被种植”，should“应该”，情态动词后面加动词原形，plant“种植”，被动语态，结构为be done，plant的过去分词为planted。故填should；be；planted。 3．抖音在全世界被广泛使用。 Tik Tok is all over the world. 【答案】 widely used 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，句中缺少“广泛使用”的英文内容，本句是一个一般现在时的被动语态句子，其结构为“be+过去分词”，“use”的过去分词是“used”，“广泛地”用副词“widely”来表示，在句中修饰动词“used”，“is widely used”意为“被广泛使用”。 故填widely；used。 4．这些椅子是竹子制成的。 These chairs are bamboo. 【答案】 made of 【详解】be made of表示“由……制成”，用于描述那些在成品中仍然可以辨认出原材料的情况。故填made；of。 5．英语在古巴是作为官方语言来讲的吗？ English as the official language in Cuba? 【答案】 Is spoken 【详解】“讲”speak，与主语English之间是动宾关系，用被动语态，根据汉语意思可知用一般现在时，English前用be动词is，speak的过去分词形式spoken。句子开头首字母大写。故填Is；spoken。 一、完形填空 The Unpowered（无动力的） Washing Machine was invented by Remya Jose, an 18-year-old student from India. This machine is popular in areas for running without electricity, or by those 1 wish to save time on exercising and chores. When Remya was in the 10th grade, her father was 2 in hospital. What's worse, her mother fell 3 ill, too. As a 4 , all things fell on Remya. She had to take the matters into her own 5 and try to support her family. Having watched her mother wash clothes 6 her hands, Remya got to know how hard washing clothes could be. They had no money affording a 7 that could do all the work for them, so Remya thought hard to make their lives much 8 . But Remya didn't have enough 9 . Being a school student, she had to 10 three buses just to get to her school and it took over 2 hours. When things got a little more difficult, she was 11 to find a way to solve the problem. With the 12 of her father, Remya took a year to finish the prototype（原型）of her machine. She began by learning 13 understanding the workings（运作方式）of machines. Then she worked hard with the waste, and 14 she got the fruits of her hard work. She 15 a washing machine running without electricity. And it also came with pedals（踏板）that allowed one to exercise freely while doing a chore. 1．A．who B．what C．which D．when 2．A．broken B．ill C．ready D．healthy 3．A．typically B．specially C．seriously D．easily 4．A．reason B．solution C．expression D．result 5．A．minds B．positions C．experiences D．hands 6．A．in B．with C．for D．behind 7．A．machine B．chance C．job D．sale 8．A．harder B．closer C．easier D．busier 9．A．money B．time C．chance D．energy 10．A．buy B．receive C．give D．change 11．A．forced B．refused C．repeated D．caught 12．A．protection B．thank C．help D．idea 13．A．or B．and C．but D．so 14．A．rapidly B．finally C．exactly D．clearly 15．A．invented B．copied C．prepared D．fixed 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．B 15．A 【解析】本文讲述了印度 18 岁学生 Remya Jose 发明无动力洗衣机的故事，展现其因家庭困境，为改善生活，克服困难创造发明的过程 。 1．句意：这种机器在无电地区很受欢迎，或者受那些希望节省时间用于锻炼和家务的人欢迎。 分析：“those” 后是定语从句，先行词 “those” 指人，关系词用 “who” ，故选 A 。 2．句意：当 Remya 上 10 年级时，她父亲生病住院了。 分析：“in hospital” 表生病住院，“ill”（生病的 ）符合语境，故选 B 。 3．句意：更糟的是，她母亲也病得很重。 分析：“seriously ill”（重病 ），“seriously”（严重地 ）修饰 “ill” ，符合语境，故选 C 。 4．句意：结果，所有的事情都落在了 Remya 身上。 分析：“as a result”（结果 ）是固定短语，符合 “父母生病，她承担家务” 语境，故选 D 。 5．句意：她必须自己动手处理这些事情，并努力养活家人。 分析：“take...into one’s own hands”（亲自处理 ），“hands” 符合短语搭配，故选 D 。 6．句意：看到母亲用手洗衣服后，Remya 知道洗衣服有多难。 分析：“wash clothes with hands”（用手洗衣服 ），“with”（用 ）表方式，故选 B 。 7．句意：他们没钱买能为他们做所有工作的机器，所以 Remya 努力思考让他们的生活更轻松。 分析：根据前文 “wash clothes” ，此处指买 “machine”（机器 ），故选 A 。 8．句意：他们没钱买能为他们做所有工作的机器，所以 Remya 努力思考让他们的生活更轻松。 分析：发明机器是为让生活 “easier”（更轻松 ），故选 C 。 9．句意：但 Remya 没有足够的时间。 分析：根据后文上学路途耗时，可知缺 “time”（时间 ），故选 B 。 10．句意：作为一名学生，她必须转乘三辆公共汽车才能到学校，而且要花两个多小时。 分析：“change buses”（转乘公交 ），“change”（更换；转乘 ）符合语境，故选 D 。 11．句意：当事情变得更困难时，她被迫寻找解决问题的方法。 分析：“be forced to do sth.”（被迫做某事 ），符合 “困境中找办法” 语境，故选 A 。 12．句意：在父亲的帮助下，Remya 花了一年时间完成了她的机器原型。 分析：“with the help of...”（在…… 帮助下 ），“help” 符合短语搭配，故选 C 。 13．句意：她从学习和理解机器的运作方式开始。 分析：“learning” 与 “understanding” 是并列关系，用 “and” 连接，故选 B 。 14．句意：然后她努力研究废料，最终她得到了努力的成果。 分析：“finally”（最终 ）表结果，符合 “努力后成功” 语境，故选 B 。 15．句意：她发明了一种不用电的洗衣机。 分析：全文讲发明洗衣机，“invented”（发明 ）符合语境，故选 A 。 二、任务型阅读 ‘Made in China’ means quality For a long time, “made in China” made people think of cheap, low-quality goods. China was just the world’s factory. But now Chinese brands are going global and being recognized. Time magazine recently released a list of the 100 most influential companies in the world. Several Chinese companies were included, such as tech giants Alibaba, Huawei, Tencent, DJI, TikTok and DiDi Chuxing. These companies are shaping the world with advanced technology. Time reported that DJI holds 70 percent of the global drone market. This year, it launched a new drone with a set of glasses that give users a first-person view of their drone’s flight. TikTok has become one of the most popular apps in the US with its never-ending stream of videos. Some 50 million US users spend an average of 46 minutes on it every day. Chinese fashion has also attracted global consumers. In 2011, Chinese sneaker brands Feiyue, Huili and Li-Ning gained international attention. More recently, Shein has become one of the most popular Chinese fast fashion brands overseas. In 2020, its operating income reached over 10 billion dollars, an increase of 100 percent over the previous year, Global Times reported. Many European consumers say Shein is affordable, fashionable and of high quality. In the future, Chinese brands will continue to develop. Thanks to a bigger market, improved supply chains and efficient manufacturing, “this is the best era for the development of local brands,” Yan Qiang, a partner with Beijing-based Hejun Consulting, told Global Times. 16．What will come to people’s minds when we mention “made in China” in the past? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 17．How did many Chinese companies enter the Time’s list? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 18．What’s the advantage of DJI’s new drone? ______________________________________________________________________________________ 19．Why do many European buyers like Shein? __________________________________________________________________________ 20．Why will Chinese brands develop quickly in the future? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 16．Cheap, low-quality goods. 17．By advanced technology. 18．It has a set of glasses that give users a first-person view of their drone’s flight. 19．Because it is affordable, fashionable and of high quality. 20．Because of a bigger market, improved supply chains and efficient manufacturing. 【解析】本文介绍“中国制造”正在以崭新的面孔赢得世界的关注，并且在未来还面临着发展的最佳时代。 16．由第一段“For a long time, “made in China” made people think of cheap, low-quality goods.”可知，“长期以来，中国制造让人联想到物美价廉的商品。”故答案为Cheap, low-quality goods. 17．由第二段“Time magazine recently released a list of the 100 most influential companies in the world.”和第三段“These companies are shaping the world with advanced technology.”可知，《时代》杂志最近发布了全球最具影响力的100家公司名单。其中的中国公司正在用先进技术塑造世界。故可知，答案为By advanced technology. 18．由第三段第二句和第三句“Time reported that DJI holds 70 percent of the global drone market. This year, it launched a new drone with a set of glasses that give users a first-person view of their drone’s flight.”可知，“大疆在全球无人机市场占有70%的份额。今年，它推出了一款带有眼镜的新型无人机，可以让用户以第一人称视角观看无人机的飞行过程。”故答案为It has a set of glasses that give users a first-person view of their drone’s flight. 19．由第四段最后一句“Many European consumers say Shein is affordable, fashionable and of high quality.”可知，“Shein价格实惠、时尚且质量上乘。”故答案为Because it is affordable, fashionable and of high quality. 20．由全文最后一段第二句“In the future, Chinese brands will continue to develop. Thanks to a bigger market, improved supply chains and efficient manufacturing…”可知，“未来，中国品牌将继续发展。得益于更大的市场、更完善的供应链和高效的制造。”故答案为Because of a bigger market, improved supply chains and efficient manufacturing. 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hanging a red lantern in front of the door is believed to drive off bad luck. The first Chinese paper lanterns 21 (invent) during the Eastern Han Dynasty (东汉). In ancient China, people raised lanterns to get light and wish for a better life. Also, lanterns were widely used on festivals. Nowadays, it has become a tradition that both big cities 22 small towns are filled with red lanterns during the festival. The materials for making lanterns are simple. People can 23 (make) bamboo, wood and metal into frames (框架) of lanterns. Paper and silk 24 (be) the main materials for covers. People like to paint beautiful Chinese pictures on 25 (they). The traditional lantern is covered by rice paper with a candle burning inside. Lights shine through the rice paper 26 night. That is really Chinese style. The most common Chinese lanterns are red, round and with red or golden tassels (流苏). They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good 27 (wish). In Chinese culture, lanterns in different colors express different meanings. People 28 (usual) light several lanterns for the Chinese New Year, and enjoy lantern shows with family during the Lantern Festival Lanterns light the night of festivals. Happiness and joy spread into different families by these different lanterns. Lanterns are also used in all kinds 29 celebrations. Lanterns have become the national 30 (proud) in China 【答案】 21．were invented 22．and 23．make 24．are 25．them 26．at 27．wishes 28．usually 29．of 30．pride 【解析】本文主要介绍了灯笼的起源，制作材料以及它的用处。 21．句意：中国最早的纸灯笼发明于东汉时期。主语与动词invent之间是被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时被动语态，主语是复数形式，助动词用were，故填were invented。 22．句意：如今，无论是大城市还是小城镇，在节日期间都挂满红灯笼已经成为一种传统。both…and“……和……都”，故填and。 23．句意：人们可以用竹子、木头和金属做成灯笼的框架。情态动词后接动词原形，故填make。 24．句意：纸和丝绸是制作封面的主要材料。此句是一般现在时，and连接并列主语看作复数形式，be动词用are，故填are。 25．句意：人们喜欢在上面画美丽的中国画。介词on后接人称代词宾格作宾语，故填them。 26．句意：夜晚，灯光透过宣纸。at night“在晚上”，固定搭配，故填at。 27．句意：它们被视为幸福和良好祝愿的明亮象征。wish“祝愿”，可数名词，此空应填名词复数形式，故填wishes。 28．句意：人们通常在中国新年点上几盏灯笼，并在元宵节时与家人一起欣赏花灯表演。分析句子结构可知，此空应填副词作状语，故填usually。 29．句意：灯笼也用于各种庆祝活动。all kinds of“各种各样的”，固定搭配，故填of。 30．句意：灯笼已经成为中国的民族骄傲。形容词national后接名词，proud对应的名词是pride，故填pride。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $