2026年中考英语二轮复习语法专项突破课件:专题二动词
2026-01-15
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专题二 动词
学前自测
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空/盲填
1. As long as Tom works hard, he can (success) in
solving problems.
2. The company (offer) Jack a good job, but he refused it.
3. We talked about the problem and Tim (suggest) doing
some research first.
succeed
offered
suggested
4. I have never been to the Ocean Park. I can only
(imagination) what it is like.
imagine
5. People are trying to keep our folk arts alive so that they
won’t (appear).
6. The dish (smell) so delicious.I really want to eat it.
7. The children dressed up Mickey Mouse last night.
8. All the students are looking forward giving a wonderful
performance in the celebration.
disappear
smells
as
to
9. The teacher takes pride the progress her students have made this
semester.
10. It’s our tradition to set fireworks to welcome the new year.
in
off
思维·考点突破 启思维·破考点
动词的基本形式
动词是用来描述动作、行为或状态的词, 大多数动词都有五种基
本形式:动词原形、一般现在时的第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去
分词和现在分词。
动词形式 变化规则 例词
第三人称单数形式 一般情况下在动词后加-s work→works
write→writes
以-s、-x、-sh、-ch等结尾且发音为
/s/、/z/、/ʃ/、/tʃ/等和以“辅音+o”结尾的动词, 后加-es guess→guesses
mix→mixes
finish→finishes
catch→catches
go→goes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词, 变y为i, 再加-es study→studies
try→tries
动词不同形式的变化规则
动词形式 变化规则 例词
现在
分词 一般情况下直接加-ing study→studying
work→working
以不发音的e结尾的动词, 先去掉e,再加-ing write→writing
move→moving
以ie结尾的动词, 一般将ie变为y, 再加-ing lie→lying die→dying
动词形式 变化规则 例词
现在
分词 以重读闭音节结尾, 且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词, 双写末尾这个辅音字母, 再加-ing get→getting
begin→beginning
以oe、ee、ye结尾的动词, 直接加-ing see→seeing
eye→eyeing
动词形式 变化规则 例词
过去
式和
过去
分词 一般情况下在动词后加-ed ask→asked
work→worked
以不发音的e结尾的动词, 只加-d love→loved
dance→danced
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词, 把y
变为i, 再加-ed try→tried
study→studied
以重读闭音节结尾, 且词尾只有一个
辅音字母的动词, 双写末尾这个辅音
字母, 再加-ed stop→stopped
plan→planned
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. She usually (watch) the bus disappear into the distance.
2. Judy suddenly (realize) that all her friends were
helping her, and she was moved.
3. Hurry up.The concert has already (begin).
4. He (try) his best to solve the difficult math problem but
failed.
watches
realized
begun
tried
5. She is (put) the books in order on the shelf.
6. My sister (take) a lot of beautiful photos during her trip to
the mountains last weekend.
putting
took
动词的分类
根据动词的句法功能可以将动词分为实义动词(也称行为动
词)、系动词、助动词和情态动词。
1. 实义动词:表示主语的动作或状态,具有完整意义,能够独立作谓
语的动词。根据其后是否带有宾语,可将实义动词分为及物动词(后
带宾语)和不及物动词(后不带宾语, 如需带宾语会借助介词)。及
物动词不可单独使用, 而不及物动词则可以单独使用。实义动词常用
于以下句型:
类型 句型 例句
及物
动词 主语+谓语+宾语
(+状语) He bought a bike(last week). 他
(上周)买了一辆自行车。
主语+谓语+双宾
语(+状语) He lent me a book (yesterday). 他
(昨天)借给了我一本书。
主语+谓语+宾语
+宾语补足语 We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
我们保持我们的教室干净整洁。
不及物
动词 主语+谓语 The watch stopped. 表停了。
注意:有些动词既可以作及物动词也可以作不及物动词。如:
I couldn’t stop him from going. 我无法阻止他走。(及物动词)
He stopped and bought a newspaper. 他停了下来, 去买了份报纸。
(不及物动词)
方框选词
prefer remember singing raise achieve
1. (2025·天津中考改编)When David sees these postcards, he
will his wonderful travel experiences.
2. Dreams are beautiful.However, to them, we must
work hard.
3. —Do you often watch soap operas on TV?
—Sometimes.They are interesting, but I talk shows.
remember
achieve
prefer
4. It is said that people are likely to their voice when they are
telling a lie.
5. Listen! How sweet the voice is! Who is ?
raise
singing
2. 系动词:本身有词义, 一般要与表语一起构成系表结构, 说明主语的性质、状态、身份或特征。
分类 例词 例句
状态类(be
动词) am, is, are,
was, were The party is on Friday evening.聚
会定于周五晚上举行。
分类 例词 例句
感官类 look, sound,
smell, taste, feel The food tastes good. 食物尝起来
不错。
变化类 become, get,
grow, turn In autumn, leaves turn yellow.
在秋天, 叶子变黄。
持续类 keep, stay, remain Please keep quiet. 请保持安静。
系动词
一感(feel) 二看(look, see)
三变化(become/be, get, turn);
四闻(smell) 五听(sound) 六品尝(taste);
外加两个要保持(keep, stay);
后面常跟形容词。
方框选词
get sounds is feels keep tastes
6. The new scarf I bought for my mom soft.It’s made of silk.
7. The children often noisy in the classroom after class.
8. —What do you think of the strawberry,Judy?
—It sweet.I’d like to have one more.
feels
get
tastes
9. I like soft and gentle music.It nice.
10. I’m very sorry to you waiting.
11. Susan a kind girl.She often gives away her pocket money to
the poor people.
sounds
keep
is
3. 助动词:本身无词义, 不能单独作谓语, 只能与主要动词一起构
成谓语, 表示不同的时态和语态,表示句子的否定和疑问。
助动词 功能 例句
be (am,
is, are,
was,
were) 后接动词现在分
词构成进行时态 I am reading a book. 我正在读书。
后接动词过去分
词构成被动语态 Some trees were planted last year. 去年
种了很多树。
助动词 功能 例句
do/does/
did 构成疑问句或否
定句 Do you like running?你喜欢跑步吗?
代替前面出现的
动词以免重复 Tony can speak Chinese as well as
Daming does. 托尼的汉语说得和大明一
样好。
用于动词前加强
语气 I do hope you can work hard. 我真的希
望你能好好学习。
构成否定祈使句 Don’t take photos. 不要拍照。
助动词 功能 例句
has/have/had 后接实义动词的过去分词构成完成时态 I have finished my homework for two
hours. 我已经做完作业两个小时了。
shall/should 后接动词原形构成将来时 Shall we go shopping tomorrow?我们明天去购物好吗?
will/would I will go to Beijing tomorrow. 明天我将去北京。
盲填
12. There a lot to see and do in the fun park.
13. It known to all that our growth can’t go without our parents’
love and care.
14. So far, almost all the students in my class watched the
movie Dead To Rights.
15. If it rains very heavily tomorrow, we have to cancel our plan
and stay at home.
is
is
have
will
16. Don’t talk so loudly in the hallway! The students having a
test.
are
4. 情态动词:本身有一定的词义, 但不表示动作或状态, 和实义动
词原形连用构成谓语, 没有人称和数的变化。
(1)常见情态动词的用法
情态动词 用法 例句
can/
could 表示能力, 意为“能, 会”, could是can的过去式 She can read books in English.
她会读英文书。
情态动词 用法 例句
can/
could 表请求、许可(相当于may), 意为“可以”, could仅表示语气比can委婉 Can you go there with me?你可
以跟我一起去那儿吗?
Could you give me a hand?你可
以帮助我吗?
表示怀疑、猜测(主要用于否定句和疑问句), could仅表示可能性比can小 How can she fail the exam?她怎
么会没通过考试?
情态
动词 用法 例句
may/
might 表示请求、许可(相当于
can), 意为“可以”,
might仅表示语气比may委婉 You may sit here if you want. 如
果你想, 你可以坐在这儿。
Might I ask you a question?我
可以问你一个问题吗?
情态
动词 用法 例句
may/
might 表示可能性较小的猜测
(常用于肯定句), 意为
“可能, 也许”, might
仅表示可能性比may小 Your brother may be waiting for
you now. 你哥哥可能现在正在
等你。
You might hurt her feelings by
saying that. 你那样说可能会伤
害她的感情。
用于祈使句, 表示祝福和
愿望 May you success!愿你成功!
情态
动词 用法 例句
must 表示义务或主观看法, 意为“必须,应当” We must do something to protect
it. 我们必须做些事情来保护它。
表示非常有把握的肯定推测, 意为“一定, 肯定” You must be very tired after
working.
你工作后一定很累。
情态动词 用法 例句
have to 意为“不得不, 必须”,强调因客观原因而不得不做某事 I have to look after my sister
when my parents are out. 当我
父母出去时, 我不得不照顾我
的妹妹。
mustn’t 意为“禁止,不准” You mustn’t smoke in the
library. 你不准在图书馆抽烟。
should 意为“应该”, 表示责任、义务、劝告或建议 You should be in the classroom
when the class begins. 上课时,
你应该在教室里。
情态动词 用法 例句
shall 表示请求或征求对方意
见, 多用于第一、三人称 Shall we go out for a walk?我
们要不要出去走走?
表示许诺、警告、命令
等, 多用于第二人称 You shall follow the school
rules when you are in school.
当你在学校里时,你应该遵
守学校规则。
情态动词 用法 例句
will 表示客气的请求或提议,
常用于第二人称的疑问句
中 Will you hand me the
dictionary?你能把字典借给
我吗?
用于将来时态, 表示
“将, 会, 要” What time will she arrive?她
什么时候会到?
情态动词 用法 例句
had
better 表示建议, 意为“最好” We’d better stay at home
because it is raining heavily
outside. 我们最好待在家里,
因为外面正在下大雨。
need 意为“需要”,主要用于
否定句和疑问句 Need I go now?我现在需要走
了吗?
注意:(1)表示允许时, may和might比can和could正式。“May
I. ..?”句式的肯定回答用“Yes, you can/may.” 等;否定回答用
“No, you can’t./No, you mustn’t.”
(2)表示不允许时, 以must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答常用
needn’t 或don’t have to。
(2)情态动词表推测的用法
情态动词 用法 例句
must 非常有把握的肯定
推测, 意为“一
定, 肯定”(100
%可能性) You must be thirsty after a long walk.
走了这么久, 你一定渴了。
can 表推测, 用于否定
句和疑问句中 That man can’t be Tom. He is in the
library. 那个人不可能是汤姆。他在
图书馆。
情态动词 用法 例句
could 比can的可能性要
弱 Don’t worry. They could have just
forgotten to call. 别担心。他们可能
只是忘记打电话了。
may 表示把握不大的肯
定推测, 意为“可
能, 也许”, 可
能性比could小 They may come to
the party tomorrow.
他们明天也许会来参加派对。
might 可能性稍低于may Tomorrow he might come to visit
you. I’m not sure. 明天他可能来拜
访你。我不确定。
方框选词
may must needn’t should could can’t
17. (2025·四川成都中考改编)—I’ve heard Lucy will join the art club.
—It be true.She’s already in the basketball club.We can
only choose one.
18. (2025·甘肃白银中考改编)Mary, you turn down the
TV, please? I’m trying to work.
can’t
could
19. —Do I have to clean the living room this evening, Mom?
—If you are too tired, you do it tomorrow.
may
20. —Could I use your camera, Mom?
—Sure.But you be careful with it.
21. Teenagers be allowed to make their own decisions.
22. —Must I return the book today?
—No, you .You can do it tomorrow.
must
should
needn’t
动词短语
1. 同一动词型
短语 示例
come短语 come on 碰上;快点儿 come out 出现;出版 come
over顺便来访 come along 出现;进展 come up with
提出,想出 come back回来 come up出现 come
down流传下来 come in进来 come across 偶然遇见
(发现)
come true (希望、梦想等)实现
短语 示例
cut短语 cut down削减;砍倒 cut up切碎 cut in插嘴 cut into
把某物切成(几块) cut out删去;停止
cut off切断;停止
keep短语 keep on继续下去 keep out阻止;留在外面 keep away
(使)不靠近 keep in控制;(罚学生)放学后留校
keep off使不接近 keep up with跟上 keep in touch with
和……保持联系
短语 示例
look 短语 look at看 look after 照顾;照料 look into 调查;观察
look out当心;留神 look up 查阅;查找 look for寻找
look around 环顾 look over把……看一遍 look through
浏览 look back回顾 look up to尊敬;钦佩 look
forward to 盼望 look out for 留心守候 look like 看起
来像
短语 示例
put短语 put up举起;搭建;张贴 put down写下;放下 put
back把……放回原处
put into流入;驶入 put away放好 put on穿上;上
演;增加 put out熄灭
put off推迟 put through接通(电话)
短语 示例
turn短语 turn over翻身;(使)翻转 turn out结果证明是 turn
on打开(电灯等)
turn off关上(电灯等) turn away把……拒之门外
turn up开大;调高
turn down调低,关小;拒绝 turn in上交 turn to求助
于 turn around (使)转身
短语 示例
get短语 get up起床 get on上车(船、飞机等)
get off下车(船、飞机等) get down饭后离开餐桌
get into进入;陷入 get to到达 get back回来
go短语 go on继续 go away走开;离开;消失
go ahead前进 go along 向前行进 go by (时间)流逝
go over复习;仔细检查 go off爆炸;(警报等)响起
go down下去 go up上升;增长 go out出去 go
through通过 go back返回
短语 示例
give短语 give up放弃 give in屈服;让步 give away捐赠;泄露
give out散发;分发 give over将……交出 give back归
还;恢复
take短语 take up占用;开始从事 take down录下;记下 take
away带走;拿走 take off起飞;脱掉 take over接收;
接管 take in吸收;陪同 take out拿出;除去;扣除
take care of照顾 take place 举行;发生 take pride in
以……为傲 take part in参加 take after (在外貌、性
格等方面)与(父母等)相像 take the place of 代替
2. 同一介词/副词型
短语 示例
for短语 ask for请求 care for关心;关怀 leave for动身去 pay
for为……付钱
prepare for为……做准备 search for搜寻;寻找 send for
派人去请 stand for代表;象征 wait for等待 thanks for
因……而感谢
2. 同一介词/副词型
短语 示例
up短语 add up加起来;合计 bring up提出;养育,培养 cheer
up使振奋 clean up清理;打扫 call up打电话 dress up
穿上盛装;装扮 eat up吃光 end up结束 fix up修理;
修补 grow up成长;长大 hurry up赶快 set up建立;
设立 stay up熬夜
短语 示例
out短语 blow out吹灭 break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生;爆
发 bring out使显现;使变得明显 carry out执行;贯彻
find out查明;发现
down短语 break down停止运转;出故障 calm down平静下来 die
down变弱;枝叶枯萎 fall down漂流而下 knock down
拆除;撞倒;击倒 lie down躺下 pull down拆掉;推翻
sit down坐下 shut down关闭;停下 write down写下;
记下
away短语 blow away驱散 get away离开;逃脱
pass away去世 run away逃跑 throw away扔掉
短语 示例
about
短语 argue about争论 bring about带来;造成 care about关
心;在意 hear about听说 hang about闲荡 talk about谈
论 think about考虑 worry about担心
at短语 aim at瞄准;旨在 laugh at嘲笑 knock at敲 point at 指
向 smile at冲……微笑 shout at对……大喊 throw...at
把……对准……
off短语 drop off掉下;下降 fall off减少;跌落 pay off偿清(欠
款等) send off发送;邮寄 set off动身;起程 shut off
关闭;停止运转
短语 示例
on短语 agree on就……达成共识 depend on依靠;依赖 feed on
以……为食 focus on集中于 hold on别挂电话;坚持
pass on传递 put on穿上;上演;增加 try on试穿 work
on从事于;继续工作
短语 示例
with短语 agree with同意 begin with以……开始
compare with与……相比 connect with与……相连 catch
up with追上;赶上 deal with解决;处理 go with与……
协调 part with向……告别 stay in touch with与……保持
联系 share with与……分享 talk with和……交谈
in短语 break in非法强行闯入;插话 bring in引入 check in报
到;登记 fill in填写 hand in上交
方框选短语
listen to put up get on well with work out calm down take off
looked up depends on
1. After that, whenever he felt worried about something, he
would white noise with his headphones.
2. He lowered his head and thought to himself.Suddenly he
and saw a lady looking at him.
listen to
looked
up
3. Whether or not we can have a great success our
learning habits.
4. (2025·江苏扬州中考改编)Stress comes and goes.Sometimes you
just need to .
5. (2025·四川达州中考改编)I think we could a sign to tell
people about our book sales.
6. (2025·福建中考改编)—How did you the difficult
math problem?
—With my teacher’s help.
depends on
calm down
put up
work out
7. (2025·黑龙江中考改编)Welcome to our flight.The plane
will in ten minutes.Please fasten(系紧) your seat belts.
8. We are supposed to our friends in our daily life.
take off
get on well with
诊断·语法过关 悟好题·过语法
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空/盲填
1. Jack finally (fall) asleep when the wind was dying down at
midnight.
2. Dreams are powerful and they can drive you to work harder
and (become) better than before.
3. When he heard the good news, he couldn’t help
(jump).
fell
become
jumping
4. Students should be (encourage) to form good
working habits through labour education.
5. With a broad knowledge of Chinese and history, he
always (manage) to express his opinions using ancient
Chinese sayings.
6. He (sit) down and began to read a newspaper.
7. (2025·安徽中考改编)Paper-cutting is not easy to
learn.It (require)much practice, patience and
imagination.
encouraged
manages
sat
requires
8. I asked my father to pick me at the school gate at 6:30 so that
we could visit Grandma together.
9. —Jack is telling everyone he has bought a new car.
—Pay no attention to him.He is just showing .
up
off
10. (2025·天津中考改编)The Whites like taking exercise, so they
go a walk every morning.
for
二、完成句子
1. ——可可,我不明白这个词的意思。
——你最好在字典里查一下这个词。
—Coco, I can’t understand the meaning of this word.
—You’d better the word in your dictionary.
2. 你应该珍惜和父母在一起的时间,因为你长大后会离开他们。
You the time with your parents because you will
leave them when you grow up.
3. 当秋天来临时,树叶开始从树上落下。
When autumn comes, leaves start from the trees.
look
up
should
value
to
fall
4. 我把校服忘在操场上了。我要去找它。
I left my uniform on the playground. I’ll it.
5. 万物靠太阳生长。
All living things the sun for their growth.
6. 不要害怕犯错,我们可以从错误中学到很多东西。
Don’t be afraid of and we can learn a lot of
things from them.
7. 在学校义卖活动上筹集到的钱已经被捐赠给了那些生病的孩子。
The money that raised at the school charity sale has
been to the sick kids.
look
for
depend
on
making
mistakes
given
away
8. 一开始可能会有一些麻烦,但事情最终会好起来的。
There can be some trouble at the beginning, but things
will well in the end.
9. 根据交通规则,人们不戴头盔禁止骑电动车。
According to the traffic rules, people e-bikes
without wearing helmets.
10. 这不可能是爱丽丝的吉他。她的还在我家里。
This Alice’s guitar. Hers is still in my house.
turn
out
mustn’t
ride
can’t
be
$
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