2026年中考英语二轮复习语法专项突破课件：专题一 名词

专题一　名词 学前自测 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. All of a sudden， Zach heard a （boy） voice—“Are you moving in？ ” 2. The Red Flag Canal was started to build in the 1960s.The whole project took ten （year） to complete.It was really hard work. 3. One of the easiest （way） to stop the spread of illness is to wash your hands frequently. boy’s　 years　 ways　 4. The museum is very interesting to （visit） who are interested in the nation’s written history. 5. At the concert， those （music） skills impressed the little boy so much. 6. President Xi said， “The people are the creators of history； they are true （hero）.” visitors　 musicians’　 heroes　 7. To improve the （educate） in the countryside， the country sends many teachers there every year. 8. （ticket） for Friday？ Sorry， we’ve got none left.How about Saturday？ 9. We’ve run into （difficulty） with the new project. Tickets　 difficulties　 education　 思维·考点突破 启思维·破考点 名词的数 　　名词是表示人或事物名称的词， 可分为可数名词[C]和不可数名 词[U]。 可数名词能以数目来计算， 可以分成个体， 前面既可用不定冠 词a/an修饰， 也可用定冠词the修饰；可数名词可分为单数和复数， 且可数名词变复数有规则变化和不规则变化。 不可数名词通常指以量计算或作为整体的事物， 无单复数之分， 其前不能用不定冠词a/an或表示具体数量的数词修饰， 但可用定冠词 the修饰。 1. 可数名词变复数的规则变化 变化规则 例词 一般情况下 在词尾 加-s desk→desks　 chance→chances 以“元音字母加y”结尾的名词 key→keys　 toy→toys 以“元音字母加o”结尾的名词 video→videos　 zoo→zoos 以-f/-fe结尾的部分名词 roof→roofs giraffe→giraffes 通常“以辅音字母加o”结尾的无生命的名词 photo→photos piano→pianos 变化规则 例词 以-s、-x、-sh、-ch结尾的名词 在词尾 加-es bus→buses box→boxes brush→brushes church→churches 通常以“辅音字母加o”结尾的有生命 的名词 hero→heroes potato→potatoes 变化规则 例词 以“辅音字母加y”结尾的名词 把y变成i， 再加-es lady→ladies baby→babies 以-f/-fe结尾的部分名词 把f/fe变成v， 再加-es leaf→leaves wife→wives 名词变复数 （1）以-f结尾的名词变复数加-s的单词： gulf　roof　chief　belief　proof　handkerchief 海湾边，屋顶上，首领来相望，谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。 （2）以-f/-fe结尾的名词变复数，把f/fe变成v， 再加-es的单词： leaf　half　self　wife　knife　shelf　wolf　thief 树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮，架后窜出一只狼， 就像小偷 逃命忙。 （3）以-o 结尾的名词变复数加-es的单词： Negro　hero　potato　tomato 黑人英雄吃土豆和西红柿。 2. 可数名词变复数的不规则变化 变化规则 例词 单复数同形 sheep→sheep　 deer→deer 改变名词内部的元音字母 tooth→teeth　 man→men 表示某国人的名词， 中日不变英美 变， 其余s加后面 Chinese→Chinese Englishman→Englishmen American→Americans 其他形式 child→children mouse→mice 可作可数名词和不可数名词的高频词 名词 作可数名词对应的释义 作不可数名词对应 的释义 chicken 鸡 鸡肉 exercise 练习 锻炼 experience （一次）经历 经验 life 生命 生活 名词 作可数名词对应的释义 作不可数名词 对应的释义 light 电灯 灯光 room 房间 空间 time 次数 时间 work 作品 工作 注意：由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数时， 通常只需要将后面的名 词变为复数， 如：five girl students 5名女学生；但是由man和woman 作前置定语的复合名词变复数时， 前后两个名词都要变复数， 如： two men teachers 两位男老师。 3. 名词修饰词 只修饰可数名词复数 只修饰不可数名词 既可修饰可数名词复数又 可修饰不可数名词 many， few，a few，a number of等 数词/冠词＋量词＋of ＋不可数名词， 如： a glass of water some， any， a lot of， lots of， plenty of等 much， little， a little， a bit of， a large/small amount of等 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. （2025·甘肃白银中考改编）Qian Xuesen， father of China’s space program， is one of the greatest （science） in the world. 2. During a meal in the West， people use （knife） and forks most of the time. 3. Bees and （butterfly） are attracted by the beautiful flowers in the garden. scientists　 knives　 butterflies　 4. Most of the teachers in our school are （woman） teachers. 5. I always wear a pair of （glass） to protect my eyes in the sun. 6. Amy has a lovely dog and she likes taking （photo） of it. 7. She screamed when she saw two （mouse） running across the kitchen floor. 8. We prepared a special performance to celebrate ⁠ （child） Day last week. 9. These whales are 43 （foot） long， 50 to 70 tons. women　 glasses　 photos　 mice　 Children’s　 feet　 名词所有格 【思维导学】 注意：（1）一般所有格和双重所有格所表达的意义不同， 如： This is a photo of Amy. 这是艾米的一张照片。（强调照片上的人 是艾米） This is a photo of Amy’s. 这一张照片是艾米的。（强调照片属于艾 米， 但是照片上的人不一定是艾米） （2）使用了名词所有格形式的节日相关词：Mother’s Day母亲 节，Father’s Day父亲节，Children’s Day儿童节，Teachers’ Day教师节等。 用括号内所给单词或短语的适当形式填空 1. （2025·黑龙江绥化中考改编）They all think my eyes look bigger than my （brother）. 2. （Father） Day falls on the third Sunday in June. 3. It’s about two （hour） bus ride from my home to the airport. 4. —A boy is flying a kite over there.Who is he？ —He is （Lucy and Lily） brother. brother’s　 Father’s　 hours’　 Lucy and Lily’s　 5. This （scientist） words help the young learn many secrets of the ocean. 6. On （teacher） Day， students usually give flowers or cards to their favorite teachers. 7. Sally is a friend of my （mother）. 8. I’ll have my eyes examined at the （doctor）. scientist’s　 Teachers’　 mother’s/mother　 doctor’s　 诊断·语法过关 悟好题·过语法 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. （2025·四川达州中考改编）—Who left a notebook in the English club？ —It’s not （I）.Maybe it’s （Jack）. 2. Wu Daozi was one of the greatest Chinese （artist）. 3. Look！ There are some （sheep） on the hill. 4. Of all the （season）， I love spring best because it is a symbol of life. mine　 Jack’s　 artists　 sheep　 seasons　 5. With the development of our motherland， ⁠ （foreigner） begin to learn more about China. 6. We offered to look after our （neighbor） dog when she was away. 7. The app helps students improve their ⁠ （pronounce） by comparing their voices with the native speakers’. 8. The （different） between the city and the country lifestyles are becoming less obvious these days. foreigners　 neighbor’s　 pronunciation　 differences　 二、语篇填空（名词专项练） （2025·福建中考改编） Mary’s uncle Ted was an engineer.He told her great 1. ⁠ （story） about the rockets he helped design， and he often brought Mary science books.He also taught her some 2. （knowledge） about space.Mary loved technology and science， and she was also adventurous（爱冒险的）.For those 3. （reason）， Mary’s family kept telling her she should be an astronaut when she grew up， but she just wasn’t sure. stories　 knowledge　 reasons　 One Saturday， Mary and Uncle Ted went to visit the Science 4. （museum）. They watched a 5. （show） on space travel.Uncle Ted told her something interesting about spaceships and space suits.But she was most interested in two model 6. ⁠ （robot） arms and tried operating（操作） them.She stayed there all 7. （day） and felt very excited. Museum　 show　 robot　 day　 By the time they got on the bus to return home， Mary was very tired.Closing her eyes， she was thinking about what it would be like to fly into 8. （space）. As she nearly fell asleep， Mary started to feel the weightlessness.Mary was operating a huge robot arm outside the spaceship. space　 Just then， Mary heard her 9. （uncle） voice.“Wake up， my dear！ We’re back home now.” When she opened her 10. （eye）， she realized she had been dreaming， but she knew this for sure—she wanted to be an astronaut one day and couldn’t wait for her first trip into space. uncle’s　 eyes　 $