Unit 4 单词讲解课件- 2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

外研社八年级英语（下） 单词讲解课件 Unit 4 Helping out 讲解内容 经典例题 例句翻译 常用搭配 读音、词性 新单词（预习） New words excuse v. 原谅 excuse me 劳驾（用于礼貌地引起他人注意，尤其是发问时） purple adj. 紫色的 crayon n. 彩色蜡笔 five-year-old adj. 五岁的 sunshine n. 阳光 virus n. 病毒 afford v. 买得起，付得起 disappointment n. 失望，扫兴，沮丧 X-ray n. X光检查 treatment n. 治疗，诊治；疗法 pocket n. 衣袋，口袋 pocket money 零花钱 illness n. 病，疾病 wheelchair n. 轮椅 public adj. 公众的，大众的 go public 公开，公之于众 mention v. 提到，说起，谈到 新单词（预习） New words directly adv. 直接地 solution n. 解决，解决方法 bottle n. 瓶子 a bottle of 一瓶 exam n. 考试 dialogue n. 对话，对白 flu n. 流行性感冒，流感 homeless adj. 无家可归的 donate v. 捐赠，捐献 soldier n. 士兵，军人 fireman n. 消防队员 against prep. 反对 graduate v. 大学毕业 college n. 大学；学院 goodwill n. 好意，亲善，友善 warmth n. 温暖 means n. 手段；方法；工具 by no means 决不，一点儿都不 lucky adj. 运气好的，幸运的 excuse excuse/ɪkˈskjuːz/v. 原谅 【常见搭配】 excuse me, excuse sb. for doing sth. 【原文例句】 “Excuse me, may I have a purple crayon, please?” 【中考考点】 动词，常用短语excuse me（劳驾，打扰一下）。名词为excuse（借口）。 【经典例题】 ________, could you tell me the way to the station? A. Sorry B. Pardon C. Excuse me D. Thank you 答案：C purple purple/ˈpɜːp(ə)l/adj. 紫色的 【常见搭配】 purple grapes, turn purple with cold/anger 【原文例句】 “Excuse me, may I have a purple crayon, please?” 【中考考点】 形容词，表示颜色。 【经典例题】 She wore a beautiful ________ dress to the party. A. purple B. pink C. yellow D. blue 答案：A crayon crayon/ˈkreɪən/n. 彩色蜡笔 【常见搭配】 a box of crayons, draw with crayons 【原文例句】 “Excuse me, may I have a purple crayon, please?” 【中考考点】 可数名词。 【经典例题】 The children were drawing pictures with ________. A. chalks B. crayons C. pencils D. brushes 答案：B five-year-old five-year-old adj. 五岁的 【常见搭配】 a five-year-old boy/girl/child 【原文例句】 Five-year-old Leah asked a nurse for a purple crayon… 【中考考点】 复合形容词，作定语，修饰名词。注意其中的名词（year）用单数形式。 【经典例题】 She has a ________ daughter who goes to kindergarten. A. five year old B. five-years-old C. five-year-old D. five year-old 答案：C sunshine sunshine/ˈsʌnʃaɪn/n. 阳光 【常见搭配】 bright sunshine, enjoy the sunshine 【原文例句】 This conversation happened in a waiting room at Sunshine Hospital. 【中考考点】 不可数名词。 【经典例题】 After days of rain, we finally saw the ________. A. sunlight B. sunshine C. sun D. sunny (sunshine为最佳选择) 答案：B virus virus/ˈvaɪrəs/n. 病毒 【常见搭配】 a computer virus, the flu virus, spread a virus 【原文例句】 Crayons may carry viruses and spread diseases. 【中考考点】 可数名词，复数形式为viruses。 【经典例题】 You should install software to protect your computer from ________. A. illness B. virus C. viruses D. disease 答案：C afford afford/əˈfɔːd/v. 买得起，付得起 【常见搭配】 afford to do sth., can’t afford sth. 【原文例句】 It just couldn’t afford new crayons for every child. 【中考考点】 动词，常与can, could, be able to连用，多用于否定句和疑问句。 【经典例题】 The book is too expensive. I can’t ________ it. A. spend B. pay C. afford D. cost 答案：C disappointment disappointment/ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/n. 失望，扫兴，沮丧 【常见搭配】 to one’s disappointment, feel disappointment 【原文例句】 Leah didn’t want other young patients to feel her disappointment. 【中考考点】 不可数名词。动词为disappoint，形容词为disappointed（感到失望的）。 【经典例题】 To my great ________, the concert was cancelled. A. disappointing B. disappointed C. disappointment D. disappoint 答案：C X-ray X-ray/ˈeks reɪ/n. X光检查 【常见搭配】 have an X-ray, X-ray machine 【原文例句】 It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments. 【中考考点】 可数名词，常用复数表示多次检查。也可作动词，意为“用X光检查”。 【经典例题】 The doctor asked him to have an ________ of his chest. A. X-ray B. X-rays C. X ray D. X rays 答案：A treatment treatment/ˈtriːtmənt/n. 治疗，诊治；疗法 【常见搭配】 medical treatment, receive treatment, be under treatment 【原文例句】 It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments. 【中考考点】 可数/不可数名词。动词为treat（治疗；对待）。 【经典例题】 He is receiving ________ for his illness at the hospital. A. treat B. treated C. treatment D. treating 答案：C pocket pocket/ˈpɒkɪt/n. 衣袋，口袋 【常见搭配】 coat pocket, pocket knife（小折刀），in one‘s pocket 【原文例句】 All her pocket money was only enough for about 40 boxes. 【中考考点】 可数名词。 【经典例题】 He put his hands in his ________ to keep them warm. A. packet B. pocket C. pack D. pockets 答案：D pocket money pocket money零花钱 【常见搭配】 get/give pocket money, spend pocket money 【原文例句】 All her pocket money was only enough for about 40 boxes. 【中考考点】 不可数名词，固定短语。 【经典例题】 My parents give me some ________ every week. A. pocket money B. money pocket C. pockets money D. money of pocket 答案：A illness illness/ˈɪlnəs/n. 病，疾病 【常见搭配】 serious illness, recover from an illness 【原文例句】 Because of her illness, she couldn’t do chores for money, either. 【中考考点】 可数/不可数名词。形容词为ill（生病的）。 【经典例题】 He has been absent from work due to ________. A. ill B. illness C. sick D. sickness 答案：B wheelchair wheelchair/ˈwiːltʃeə(r)/n. 轮椅 【常见搭配】 use a wheelchair, push a wheelchair 【原文例句】 And she would always be there in her wheelchair. 【中考考点】 可数名词，复合词（wheel + chair）。 【经典例题】 The hospital provides ________ for patients who have difficulty walking. A. wheelchairs B. chairs C. wheels D. cars 答案：A public public/ˈpʌblɪk/adj. 公众的，大众的 【常见搭配】 public park/library/transport, in public（公开地） 【原文例句】 Word spread fast, and Leah’s story went public. 【中考考点】形容词，作定语或表语。名词意为“公众”。 【经典例题】 Smoking is not allowed in ________ places. A. private B. personal C. public D. common 答案：C go public go public公开，公之于众 【常见搭配】 The news went public. 【原文例句】 Word spread fast, and Leah’s story went public. 【中考考点】 动词短语，尤指消息、信息等被公开。 【经典例题】 The company’s plan will ________ next week. A. go public B. go to public C. go for public D. go in public 答案：A mention mention/ˈmenʃ(ə)n/v. 提到，说起，谈到 【常见搭配】 mention sth. to sb., don’t mention it（不客气） 【原文例句】 Why does the writer mention “brighter pictures” in the end? 【中考考点】 动词，后可接名词或 that 从句。 【经典例题】 He ________ that he might be late for the meeting. A. said B. told C. spoke D. mentioned 答案：D directly directly/daɪˈrektli, dɪˈrektli/adv. 直接地 【常见搭配】 go directly home, be directly responsible for 【原文例句】 Sometimes writers don’t tell everything directly. 【中考考点】 副词，修饰动词。形容词为direct（直接的）。 【经典例题】 If you have any questions, please come and ask me ________. A. direct B. directly C. direction D. director 答案：B solution solution solution/səˈluːʃ(ə)n/n. 解决，解决方法 【常见搭配】 find a solution to the problem, the best solution 【原文例句】 Do you have a better solution? 你有更好的解决办法吗？ 【中考考点】 可数名词。常与介词to连用。 【经典例题】 We need to find a ________ to this difficult problem. A. solve B. solution C. solving D. solved 答案：B bottle bottle/ˈbɒt(ə)l/n. 瓶子 【常见搭配】 a glass bottle, bottle opener（开瓶器） 【原文例句】 You must be thirsty now after the long run. Here is a bottle of water for you. 【中考考点】 可数名词。 【经典例题】 Could you please pass me that ________ of juice? A. cup B. glass C. bottle D. can 答案：C a bottle of a bottle of一瓶 【常见搭配】 a bottle of milk/water/wine 【原文例句】 Here is a bottle of water for you. 【中考考点】 量词短语，后接不可数名词。 【经典例题】 I’d like to buy ________ orange juice. A. a bottle of B. bottle of C. a bottle D. the bottle of 答案：A exam exam/ɪɡˈzæm/n. 考试 【常见搭配】 take/have an exam, pass/fail an exam, final exam 【原文例句】 Here is my notebook. You can return it after the exam. 【中考考点】 可数名词，是examination的缩写形式。 【经典例题】 We are going to have an important ________ next Monday. A. exam B. example C. exercise D. experience 答案：A dialogue dialogue/ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/n. 对话，对白 【常见搭配】 have a dialogue with sb., a dialogue in a play 【原文例句】 Look at the pictures and complete the dialogues… 【中考考点】 可数名词。也写作dialog（美式）。 【经典例题】 The play is full of interesting ________. A. diaries B. dialogues C. speeches D. talks 答案：B flu flu/fluː/n. 流行性感冒，流感 【常见搭配】 have (the) flu, catch a flu 【原文例句】 She has the flu and has to stay at home. 【中考考点】 不可数名词，前面常加the。是influenza的简写。 【经典例题】 He didn’t go to school because he had ________. A. flu B. a flu C. the flu D. an flu 答案：C homeless homeless/ˈhəʊmləs/adj. 无家可归的 【常见搭配】 homeless people, help the homeless 【原文例句】 He was homeless, so we took him in. 他无家可归，我们便收留了他。 【中考考点】 形容词，作定语或表语。 【经典例题】 Many kind people offered food and clothes to the ________ after the earthquake. A. home B. homeless C. homely D. homelessness 答案：B donate donate/dəʊˈneɪt/v. 捐赠，捐献 【常见搭配】 donate money/blood to, donate sth. to charity 【原文例句】 Donate money, food, medicines or your time to the hospitals. 【中考考点】 动词，常与to连用。名词为donation。 【经典例题】 He decided to ________ all his books to the school library. A. give B. donate C. take D. lend 答案：B soldier soldier/ˈsəʊldʒə(r)/n. 士兵，军人 【常见搭配】 a brave soldier, join the army and become a soldier 【原文例句】 I can never forget those soldiers, firemen, doctors and nurses. 【中考考点】 可数名词。 【经典例题】 The ________ fought bravely to protect their country. A. teachers B. soldiers C. farmers D. workers 答案：B fireman fireman/ˈfaɪəmən/n. 消防队员 【常见搭配】 a team of firemen 【原文例句】 I can never forget those soldiers, firemen, doctors and nurses. 【中考考点】 可数名词，复数形式为firemen。也可用firefighter（更中性）。 【经典例题】 The ________ rushed into the burning building to save the child. A. policeman B. fireman C. postman D. businessman 答案：B against against/əˈɡenst, əˈɡeɪnst/prep. 反对 【常见搭配】 be against sth., fight against, against the law 【原文例句】 Day and night, they raced against time to save as many people as possible. 【中考考点】 介词，反义词为for（支持）。在race against time中意为“与…赛跑”。 【经典例题】 Are you ________ or for the plan? A. to B. with C. against D. about 答案：C graduate graduate/ˈɡrædʒueɪt/v. 大学毕业 【常见搭配】 graduate from, graduate in + 专业 【原文例句】 I graduated from college and became a nurse. 【中考考点】 动词，后常接from。名词为graduation（毕业）。 【经典例题】 She ________ from Peking University last year. A. graduated B. graduation C. graduate D. graduating 答案：A college college/ˈkɒlɪdʒ/n. 大学；学院 【常见搭配】 go to college, college student 【原文例句】 I graduated from college and became a nurse. 【中考考点】 可数/不可数名词。泛指“上大学”时，前面不加冠词。 【经典例题】 He hopes to go to ________ after finishing high school. A. the college B. college C. a college D. colleges 答案：B goodwill goodwill/ˌɡʊdˈwɪl/n. 好意，亲善，友善 【常见搭配】 a gesture of goodwill, international goodwill 【原文例句】 Love leads to love, and so creates a circle of goodwill and kindness. 【中考考点】 不可数名词。 【经典例题】 The two countries exchanged visits in a spirit of ________. A. goodbye B. goodwill C. goodnight D. good-looking 答案：B warmth warmth/wɔːmθ/n. 温暖 【常见搭配】 the warmth of the sun/fire, feel the warmth of sb.’s smile 【原文例句】 I still remembered the warmth of those helping hands 12 years ago. 【中考考点】 不可数名词。形容词为warm（温暖的）。 【经典例题】 We felt the ________ of their welcome as soon as we arrived. A. warm B. warmer C. warmly D. warmth 答案：D means means/miːnz/n. 手段；方法；工具 【常见搭配】 a means of transport/communication, by no means 【原文例句】 The work was by no means easy. 【中考考点】 单复数同形。常用短语by means of（凭借）。 【经典例题】 The Internet is an important ________ of getting information. A. mean B. meaning C. means D. meanings 答案：C by no means by no means决不，一点儿都不 【常见搭配】 It is by no means certain. 【原文例句】 The work was by no means easy. 【中考考点】 固定短语，表示强烈否定，用于强调。 【经典例题】 This task is ________ difficult, but we can finish it on time. A. by all means B. by no means C. by means of D. by any means 答案：B lucky lucky/ˈlʌki/adj. 运气好的，幸运的 【常见搭配】 a lucky day/number, be lucky to do sth. 【原文例句】 Even today, I still feel lucky to have had such an amazing experience in life. 【中考考点】 形容词。名词为luck（运气），副词为luckily（幸运地）。 【经典例题】 You are ________ to have such a good friend. A. luck B. lucky C. luckily D. unlucky 答案：B 新单词（复习） New words excuse v. 原谅 excuse me 劳驾（用于礼貌地引起他人注意，尤其是发问时） purple adj. 紫色的 crayon n. 彩色蜡笔 five-year-old adj. 五岁的 sunshine n. 阳光 virus n. 病毒 afford v. 买得起，付得起 disappointment n. 失望，扫兴，沮丧 X-ray n. X光检查 treatment n. 治疗，诊治；疗法 pocket n. 衣袋，口袋 pocket money 零花钱 illness n. 病，疾病 wheelchair n. 轮椅 public adj. 公众的，大众的 go public 公开，公之于众 mention v. 提到，说起，谈到 新单词（复习） New words directly adv. 直接地 solution n. 解决，解决方法 bottle n. 瓶子 a bottle of 一瓶 exam n. 考试 dialogue n. 对话，对白 flu n. 流行性感冒，流感 homeless adj. 无家可归的 donate v. 捐赠，捐献 soldier n. 士兵，军人 fireman n. 消防队员 against prep. 反对 graduate v. 大学毕业 college n. 大学；学院 goodwill n. 好意，亲善，友善 warmth n. 温暖 means n. 手段；方法；工具 by no means 决不，一点儿都不 lucky adj. 运气好的，幸运的 感谢聆听 批评指导 Thanks for listening null 1536.0 null 1296.0 914.2854 1104.0 null 1488.0 null 1416.0 null 1320.0 null 1584.0 null 1512.0 null 1368.0 null 1224.0 null 1776.0 null 1272.0 null 1632.0 null 1272.0 null 1933.0604 null 1488.0 null 1959.1829 null 1488.0 null 1272.0 null 2063.6726 null 1512.0 null 1416.0 null 1248.0 null 1440.0 null 1176.0 null 1464.0 null 1536.0 null 1344.0 null 1344.0 null 720.0 null 1320.0 null 1320.0 Blues 2194.2854 null 1344.0 $