专题02 Units 4～6 重点单词短语句型、易错点&写作范文（期末知识清单）八年级英语下学期新教材外研版

专题02 Units 4~6 重点单词短语句型、易错点&写作范文 Unit 4 Helping out 核心单词及变形 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. help out v. 帮助（解决困难）；帮一把 短语：help out with sth. 帮忙做某事 用法：help sb. out 帮助某人摆脱困境 2. volunteer v. 自愿做；义务做 n. 志愿者 名词：volunteer（志愿者） 形容词：voluntary（志愿的；自发的） 短语：volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 volunteer for sth. 自愿参加某事 3. offer v. 主动提出；提供 n. 提议；出价 短语：offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 offer sb. sth. / offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物 4. raise v. 筹集（资金）；提升；饲养 短语：raise money (for...) （为……）筹款 raise one’s hand 举手 5. donate v. 捐赠；捐献 名词：donation（捐赠；捐款） donor（捐赠者） 6. support v. & n. 支持；资助；养活 形容词：supportive（支持的；鼓励的） 短语：support sb. in doing sth. 支持某人做某事 7. serve v. 服务；端上（食物） 名词：service（服务）；servant（仆人） 短语：serve the community 服务社区 serve food 上菜 8. attend v. 参加；出席 名词：attendance（出席人数；出席率） 9. organize v. 组织；策划 名词：organization （组织；机构） 形容词：organized （有条理的） 10. collect v. 收集；募集；领取 名词：collection（收集；收藏品） 短语：collect money / donations 募集钱款/捐赠；collect rubbish 收集垃圾 11. distribute v. 分发；分配 名词：distribution（分发；分配） 短语：distribute food and water 分发食物和水 12. recycle v. 回收利用；循环使用 名词：recycling（回收利用） 13. satisfy v. 使满意；满足（需要、要求） 形容词：satisfied（感到满意的） satisfying（令人满意的） satisfactory（令人满意的） 名词：satisfaction（满意） 短语：be satisfied with 对……感到满意 14. charity n. 慈善机构；慈善事业 形容词：charitable（慈善的；仁慈的） 短语：charity event / sale 慈善活动/义卖 give to charity 捐给慈善机构 15. community n. 社区；团体 形容词：communal（公共的；社区的） 短语：community centre 社区中心 community service 社区服务 16. service n. 服务；公共事业 动词：serve 短语：community service 社区服务 customer service 客户服务 17. elderly n. & adj. 老年人（的）；年老的 18. disabled adj. 残疾的 n. 残疾人 名词：disability（残疾；障碍） 短语：the disabled 残疾人（集体概念） disabled people 残疾人 19. homeless adj. 无家可归的 n. 无家可归者 20. rubbish n. 垃圾；废物（英式英语） 21. campaign n.（社会、政治等）运动；活动 v. 发起运动 22. shelter n. 庇护所；收容所 23. cause n. 事业；原因 短语：a good cause 崇高的事业（常指慈善、公益）；for a good cause 为了公益 24. opportunity n. 机会；时机 短语：have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事 25. experience n. 经验；经历 v. 体验 形容词：experienced（有经验的） 26. need n. 需要；需求 v. 需要 短语：in need 需要帮助的 in need of 需要…… 27. responsibility n. 责任 形容词：responsible（有责任心的） 短语：take responsibility for 对……负责 28. grateful adj. 感激的；感谢的 副词：gratefully（感激地） 短语：be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事感激某人 29. local adj. 当地的；本地的 副词：locally（在当地） 短语：local community 当地社区 local government 地方政府 30. meaningful adj. 有意义的 反义词：meaningless（无意义的） 31. independent adj. 独立的；自主的 名词：independence（独立） 反义词：dependent（依赖的） 短语：be independent of 不依赖…… 32. independently adv. 独立地 形容词：independent 33. generously adv. 慷慨地 形容词：generous（慷慨的） 名词：generosity（慷慨） 重点短语 1. lend a helping hand 伸出援助之手 2.limit .. to .. 将……限制在……范围内 3. share sth with sb 和某人分享某物 4. excuse me 打扰一下 5. raise money 筹钱 6. get through . 度过…… 7.colour the butterfly 给蝴蝶填色 8. I'm afraid+从句 我恐怕…… 9. provide sth for sb=provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物 10. carry viruses 携带病毒 11. spread diseases 传播疾病 12. be used once 被用过一次 13. must be thrown away 必须被扔掉 14. afford to do sth 支付得起做某事 15. be born with .. 出生就带…… 16. make many hospital visits 去医院很多次 17.be in great pain 处于极大的痛苦之中 18. want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 19. feel her disappointment 感受她的失落 20. wait for sth 等待某物 21. plan to do sth 计划做某事 22. pocket money 零用钱 23.because of sb/sth 因为某人/某物 24. do chores for money 做家务赚钱 25. sound+adj. 听起来…… 26. give up 放弃 27. with the help of .. 在……的帮助下 28. go public 公布于众 29. so far=until now 到目前为止 30. add A to B 把A加到B里面 31. be filled with .. 装满了……. 32. out of the blue 出乎意料的 33. causes of the problem 问题的起因 34. a bottle of … 一瓶…… 35. take exams=take an exam 参加考试 36. give sb a hand 给予某人帮助 37. close friends 亲近的朋友 38. be in danger 处于濒危中 39. be in need of help 需要帮助 40. shut down 关闭 41. call for help 寻求帮助 42. increase by ..… 增长了…… 43. call on sb 号召某人 44. donate money 捐钱 45. shake hard 剧烈震动 46. be thrown to ... 被扔到…… 47. all around me 在我周围 48. be reduced to .减少至…… 49. jump to sb's feet 突然站起来/跳起来 50. reach out to ... 向（某人）提供帮助或支持 51. race against time 与时间赛跑 52. be touched by ... 被……触动 53. make up sb's mind to do sth 下定决心做某事 54. graduate from college 从大学毕业 55. right away 马上 56. sign up to do sth 报名去做某事 57. the warmth of ..……的温暖 58. by no means 绝不，一点也不 59. offer sth to sb=offer sb sth 提供给某人某物 60. at that time=back then 在那时 61. lead to ..导致 62. a circle of goodwill 善意的循环 必背句型 1.Leah was in the waiting room of Sunshine Hospital, as she had been many times before. Leah又一次坐在阳光医院的候诊室里，这已经数不清是第几次了。 2.She noticed that the children around her had nothing to do but wait. 她注意到周围的孩子们除了等待无事可做。 3.There were not enough crayons for everyone. 蜡笔不够大家分。 4.Leah was born with a serious illness. She had been in and out of hospital since she was very young. Leah天生患有严重疾病。她从小就反复出入医院。 5.She couldn’t afford to buy that many crayons herself. It was impossible for her to do housework to make money, as the simplest things could cause her a lot of pain. 她自己买不起那么多蜡笔。就连做家务都不可能，因为最简单的事都会给她带来巨大的痛苦。 6.But she didn’t give up. With the help of her mother, she started by asking friends and family to donate. 但她没有放弃。在妈妈的帮助下，她先从请亲友捐赠开始着手。 7.Leah held many events to raise money. She even started a public campaign. Leah举办了许多活动来筹款。她甚至发起了一次公众募捐活动。 8.In the end, Leah collected 2,675 boxes of crayons, far more than her goal of 500. 最终，Leah收集了2675盒蜡笔，远超她500盒的目标。 9.Now, the hospital has colouring books and enough crayons for every child. Leah added a lot of colour to their lives. 现在医院有涂色书和足够的蜡笔供每个孩子使用。Leah为他们的生活增添了丰富的色彩。 10.It was just before 2:30 pm in my hometown, Wenchuan. I was having a music lesson at school. 那正好是下午2点30分之前，在我的家乡汶川。我正在学校上音乐课。 11.Suddenly, the ground started to shake violently. People were shouting all around me. 突然间，地面猛烈摇晃起来。四周都是人们的呼喊声。 12.I was shocked to find all the other buildings reduced to pieces. 我震惊地发现，其他所有建筑都变成了废墟。 13.I was deeply touched by their courage and hard work. So I made up my mind to become one of them. 他们的勇气和辛勤付出深深打动了我。于是，我下定决心要成为他们中的一员。 14.It was time for me to offer mine. 是我伸出援手的时候了。 15.I still remember the warmth of those helping hands 12 years ago. 我仍记得12年前那些援助之手带来的温暖。 16.Love leads to love, and so creates a circle of goodwill and kindness. 爱衍生爱，从而创造出善意与关爱的循环。 17.I still feel lucky to have had such an amazing experience in life. 我仍然为自己人生中有如此美妙的经历而感到幸运。 18.There are not enough crayons for the children in the hospital. 医院的孩子们没有足够的蜡笔。 19.The hospital couldn’t afford new crayons for every child. 医院没有足够的经费给每个孩子买新蜡笔。 20.These families are facing serious financial problems. 这些家庭正面临严重的财务问题。 21.We plan to raise money for the local animal shelter. 我们计划为当地的动物收容所筹集善款。 22.We’ll meet at the school gate at 8 am. 我们上午8点在校门口集合。 23.It might be difficult to raise enough money in one day, but we’ll try our best. 天之内筹集足够的钱可能会有困难，但我们会尽力。 24.We may need to ask more people for help. 我们可能需要向更多人求助。 25.The work is by no means easy, but it’s worth it. 这项工作一点儿也不容易，但它值得去做。 26.It will create a circle of goodwill in our community. 这将在我们社区创造一个善意循环。 27.Small acts of kindness can lead to a big difference. 小小的善行可以带来巨大的改变。 28.Animals are our close friends. Wild animals are in danger. 动物是我们亲密的朋友。野生动物处于濒危状态。 29.Homeless animals need our help and care. 无家可归的动物需要我们的帮助与关爱。 30.You can also donate money and books to help them. 也可以捐钱和书籍来帮助他们。 单元易错点归纳 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、词汇易混辨析 易错点 1：raise / rise 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The sun raises in the east. The sun rises in the east. rise 是不及物动词“上升”，后无宾语；raise 是及物动词“筹集/举起”，须有宾语。 We rose money for charity. We raised money for charity. “筹款”必须用 raise。 He raised from his seat. He rose from his seat. “站起来”用 rise。 口诀：raise 带宾语（raise money/your hand），rise 自己升（sun rises/price rises）。 易错点 2：offer / provide / supply 混用 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The charity offered food for the homeless. The charity provided food for the homeless. offer 强调“主动提出（可接受或拒绝）”；provide 强调“供给所需”，更匹配基本生活物资。 He provided to help me. He offered to help me. offer to do sth. 是固定结构，provide 不接不定式。 The school supplied us with books. ✅ 正确 supply 侧重“大量/定期供应物资”。 辨析小结： offer：offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth. provide：provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for sb. supply：supply sb. with sth. / supply sth. to sb. 易错点 3：attend / join / take part in 用法不分 错误示例 正确示例 解析 I joined a charity meeting yesterday. I attended a charity meeting yesterday. “参加会议/讲座/课程”用 attend；join 指加入组织或某人。 Many volunteers attended the club. Many volunteers joined the club. “加入俱乐部/团队”用 join。 He took part in the army. He joined the army. “参军”习惯用 join the army。 小结： attend → 出席活动（会议、课程、仪式） join → 加入团体/组织/某人 take part in → 参与（并发挥作用） 易错点 4：collect / gather 区别 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We gathered money for the poor. We collected money for the poor. “募集资金”用 collect；gather 侧重“聚拢（人/物）”，更口语化。 People collected in the square. People gathered in the square. 人聚集用 gather。 易错点 5：grateful / thankful 语气区别 错误示例 正确示例 解析 I am thankful to you for your donation. I am grateful to you for your donation. 对人表示感谢用 grateful 更真挚；thankful 常对避免了不幸而“庆幸”。 I am grateful that nobody was hurt. I am thankful that nobody was hurt. 对幸运结果用 thankful。 易错点 6：elderly / old / aged 礼貌程度 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should help the old. We should help the elderly. elderly 更委婉礼貌；old 有时显得直接。 The elderly than me. ✗ (elderly 不用 than) elderly 没有比较级，比较时用 older。 易错点 7：disabled / handicapped 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We served the handicapped. We served the disabled. disabled 是目前更接受的术语；handicapped 略显过时。 The disabled is treated fairly. The disabled are treated fairly. “the + 形容词”表一类人，谓语用复数。 二、短语搭配易错 易错点 8：help out 中的 out 不可漏，搭配介词 with 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Can you help with the cleaning? Can you help out with the cleaning? help out 强调“帮忙解决困难”，比 help 更贴近本单元主题。 He helped out me. He helped me out. 代词放在 help 与 out 之间：help sb. out。 易错点 9：donate 的介词搭配 错误示例 正确示例 解析 They donated money for the poor. They donated money to the poor. donate sth. to sb./organization。 They donated the poor with money. They donated money to the poor. 不存在 donate sb. with sth. 结构。 易错点 10：raise money 后介词 for 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We raised money to the homeless. We raised money for the homeless. raise money for ... 为……筹款。 易错点 11：provide 的两种结构混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The shelter provided meals for the homeless. ✅ 正确 provide sth. for sb. The shelter provided the homeless with meals. ✅ 正确 provide sb. with sth. 错误混合：provide meals to sb. ✗ 避免用 to，用 for 或 with。 易错点 12：serve 后接 food/meal 时不需要额外介词 错误示例 正确示例 解析 They served for hot soup. They served hot soup. serve 直接接食物：“提供食物”。 They served to the homeless. They served the homeless. / They served food to the homeless. serve sb. 或 serve sth. to sb.。 易错点 13：in need 短语中无冠词 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should help people in the need. We should help people in need. in need 是固定短语，不加冠词。 She is in need of help. ✅ 正确 in need of 需要…… 易错点 14：the + 形容词 表示一类人时的冠词与主谓一致 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The homeless needs our help. The homeless need our help. the + adj. 表一类人，谓语用复数。 We should respect old. We should respect the old. 冠词 the 不可省略。 三、句型易错点 易错点 15：offer to do sth. 中 to do 不可省略 错误示例 正确示例 解析 He offered help me. He offered to help me. offer 后必须接不定式，不接原形或动名词。 She offered donating money. She offered to donate money. 同上。 易错点 16：volunteer 作动词的用法 错误示例 正确示例 解析 They volunteered help the elderly. They volunteered to help the elderly. volunteer to do sth.，不定式不能省略 to。 I volunteered in the shelter. I volunteered at the shelter. / I volunteered to work at the shelter. volunteer 作不及物动词时，地点前用 at/in；但更常用 volunteer to do。 易错点 17：It takes time to do sth. 的主语固定 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We take two hours to clean the park. It takes us two hours to clean the park. 花时间做某事用 It takes sb. time to do sth.，主语是 It。 The work costs us two hours. It takes us two hours to do the work. cost 通常指金钱，不指时间（但可说 sth. cost sb. time，较正式）。建议学生用 take。 易错点 18：because / because of 混用（本单元常见于解释原因） 错误示例 正确示例 解析 They volunteered because of they wanted to help. They volunteered because they wanted to help. because of 后接名词或代词；because 后接从句。 The event was cancelled because the rain. The event was cancelled because of the rain. rain 是名词，用 because of。 易错点 19：so that 与 so ... that 结构混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We raised money so that help the homeless. We raised money so that we could help the homeless. so that 引导目的状语从句，从句需有完整主谓和情态动词（can/could等）。 The work was so meaningful so we enjoyed it. The work was so meaningful that we enjoyed it. so ... that ... 如此……以至于……，that 不可换成 so。 易错点 20：建议句型 I suggest / advise 后的从句动词形式 错误示例 正确示例 解析 I suggest to hold a charity sale. I suggest holding a charity sale. suggest 后接动名词或 that 从句，不接不定式。 I advise him to donate his old clothes. ✅ 正确 advise sb. to do sth. 是正确结构。 I suggested that he donates money. I suggested that he (should) donate money. suggest that 从句中用 (should) + 动词原形。 易错点 21：主动表被动（need doing） 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The old man needs to look after. The old man needs looking after. / needs to be looked after. need doing 主动形式表被动意义。 The homeless need to help. The homeless need helping. / need to be helped. 同上。 单元写作满分范文 一、写作任务解读 单元写作方向 本单元主题为 “伸出援手 / 志愿服务” ，属于“人与社会”范畴，涉及“公益事业与志愿服务”。Helping out 意为“帮忙；帮助解决困难”。写作任务引导学生关注社区、关爱他人，理解志愿服务的意义，并能用英语描述自己的志愿服务经历、提出帮助他人的建议或发表对公益行为的看法。 二、写作素材（可直接背诵） （一）教材金句 【描述志愿服务前的期待与准备】 I decided to volunteer at a local homeless shelter during the winter holiday. 我决定在寒假期间去当地的无家可归者收容所做志愿者。 We raised money by selling homemade cookies and old books. 我们通过卖自制的饼干和旧书来筹款。 Our teacher organized a charity event to help the children in poor areas. 我们老师组织了一场慈善活动来帮助贫困地区的孩子。 【描述志愿服务中的行动与感受】 We served hot meals to the homeless and talked with them. 我们为无家可归者提供热饭，并与他们交谈。 It was hard work, but seeing their smiles made it all worthwhile. 工作很辛苦，但看到他们的笑容让一切都值得了。 I collected rubbish along the beach with my classmates. 我和同学一起在海滩上捡垃圾。 Every small act of kindness can make a big difference. 每一个小小的善举都能带来巨大的改变。 【描述志愿服务后的收获与感悟】 This experience taught me that helping others is also helping myself. 这次经历让我明白，帮助别人也是在帮助自己。 I felt truly grateful for what I have and more willing to share with others. 我对自己所拥有的一切心存感激，也更愿意与他人分享。 Volunteering not only benefits the community but also enriches my own life. 志愿服务不仅有益于社区，也丰富了我自己的人生。 As the saying goes, “The roses in her hand, the flavor in mine.” 赠人玫瑰，手有余香。 （二）万能写作模板 【开头段模板】（引入经历或话题） 基础版：Last weekend, I took part in a voluntary activity. It was an unforgettable experience. / Helping others is a great virtue. I learned this from my own experience. 高级版：Have you ever felt the joy of giving? I experienced it last month when I volunteered at an animal shelter. / Sometimes a small act of kindness can light up someone’s whole day. That‘s what I learned from my first volunteering experience. 【中间段模板】（叙述过程或列举观点） 记叙类（叙述经历）： 背景与任务：It all started when our class decided to... / Our teacher asked us to help... 具体行动：On that day, we arrived at... and began to... / Some of us..., while others... 困难与克服：At first, we had trouble... / I felt a bit tired because... But when I saw..., I kept going. 感受与互动：The people there were so grateful. / An old lady held my hand and said, “Thank you, dear.” 议论类（论述意义）： In my opinion, helping others is not only a duty but also a pleasure. First of all, volunteering makes us more thankful for what we have. Secondly, it helps us develop important qualities like responsibility and kindness. Finally, a society where people help each other is a warmer and better place. 【结尾段模板】（感悟升华） 基础版：I was tired but happy. I will never forget this meaningful experience. / I plan to do more voluntary work in the future. 高级版：This experience opened my eyes to the needs of others and filled my heart with warmth. I believe that even the smallest help can make the world a better place. / As the saying goes, “The fragrance always remains in the hand that gives the rose.” I will continue to help out whenever I can. （三）关于帮助他人的谚语与金句 The roses in her hand, the flavor in mine.赠人玫瑰，手有余香。 One good turn deserves another. 善有善报。 A small act of kindness can make a big difference.小小的善举能带来巨大的改变。 It is better to give than to receive. 给予比接受更幸福。 Many hands make light work. 众人拾柴火焰高。 Helping others is helping yourself. 帮助别人就是帮助自己。 √写作典例及思路 1．校园时光像一本装满故事的相册, 总有一些人用特别的方式在我们的记忆里留下深刻印记。假如你是李明，请你根据以下提示，以“The person lighting up my school days”为题, 用英语写一篇短文, 向这位给你留下难忘记忆的人致敬。 提示:  注意: 1.包含所给提示信息;   2.条理清楚，语句通顺，行文连贯;    3.80词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数)。 The person lighting up my school days When I look back on the past years, one person always comes to mind. It is ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： The person lighting up my school days When I look back on the past years, one person always comes to mind. It is my P.E. teacher, Mr. Zhao. I first met him two years ago on the school playground during a bright September afternoon. I used to fear long-distance running and felt really upset about my poor performance, but Mr Zhao never pushed me hard. Instead, he taught me useful skills and cheered me on a lot. Thanks to him, I not only improved in sports but also became much stronger inside. I’m truly thankful for his warm guidance. His encouragement will always light up my life. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：记叙文（致敬类短文） 明确要点：以李明的身份，以“The person lighting up my school days”为题，写短文致敬给你留下难忘记忆的人，需包含人物身份、初次见面时间地点、人物如何照亮你的校园生活及个人感受，80词左右，开头已给出，文中不得出现真实信息 确定人称：第一人称（I/my），面向校园读者 注意事项：词数80词左右，包含所有提示信息，语句通顺，不透露真实信息 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：点明照亮校园生活的人是谁 主体段：介绍初次见面的时间地点，以及这个人如何照亮你的校园生活 结尾段：表达对这个人的感谢，点明他/她带来的影响 [第三步：要点展开] 基础信息：the person lighting up my school days / my P.E. teacher Mr Zhao / come to mind when looking back on past years / he is patient and always smiling / he is popular with all students等 初次见面：first met him two years ago / on the school playground / during a bright September afternoon / he was organizing a running test / he greeted me with a warm smile等   照亮校园生活：used to fear long-distance running / felt upset about poor performance / Mr Zhao never pushed me hard / taught me useful skills / cheered me on a lot / he stayed after class to practice with me / he shared his own running stories to encourage me等 个人感受与升华：improved in sports / became much stronger inside / truly thankful for his warm guidance / his encouragement will always light up my life / I learned to never give up / I want to be a person like him one day等 Unit 5 Looking into nature 核心单词及变形 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. explore v. 探索；探究 名词：exploration（探索）；explorer（探索者） 形容词：exploratory（探索性的） 短语：explore nature（探索自然） explore the unknown（探索未知） 2. discover v. 发现 名词：discovery（发现） 3. research v. & n. 研究；调查 动词用法：research into sth.（研究某事） 短语：scientific research（科学研究） 4. unlock v. 解开；开启（秘密等） 5. study v. & n. 研究；学习 6. name v. 命名；给……取名 n. 名字 短语：name after（以……命名） name sb. sth.（给某人起名为……） 7. carry on v. 继续；坚持 8. fall v. 变成；进入（某种状态） 常用短语：fall ill（生病） fall asleep（入睡） fall in love with（爱上） 9. lose v. 失去；丢失 过去式/过去分词：lost 短语：lose one‘s sight（失明） lose one’s way（迷路） 10. belong v. 属于 短语：belong to（属于） 11. remain v. 保持；仍然是；剩余 12. respect v. & n. 尊重 形容词：respectful（表示尊敬的） respectable（可敬的） 短语：respect life and the world（敬畏生命与世界） 13. nature n. 大自然；自然界 形容词：natural（自然的） 短语：the beauty of nature（自然之美） in nature（在自然界中） 14. amber n. 琥珀 15. species n. 物种（单复数同形） 16. fossil n. 化石 短语：fossil record（化石记录） living fossil（活化石） 17. scientist n. 科学家 名词：science（科学） 18. discovery n. 发现 动词：discover 19. research n. 研究（见动词部分） 20. achievement n. 成就；功绩 动词：achieve（实现；取得） 短语：great achievement（伟大成就） 21. curiosity n. 好奇心 形容词：curious（好奇的） 短语：awaken one‘s curiosity（唤醒某人的好奇心） 22. secret n. 秘密；奥秘 adj. 秘密的 短语：nature’s secrets（大自然的奥秘） 23. key n. 钥匙；关键 短语：the key to success（成功的关键） 24. field n. 田野；野外；领域 短语：field work / fieldwork（实地考察；田野调查） 25. magnifier n. 放大镜 动词：magnify（放大） 26. honour n. 荣誉；尊敬 v. 尊重 形容词：honourable（光荣的） 27. passion n. 热情；激情 形容词：passionate（热情的） 短语：with great passion（满怀热情） 28. persistence n. 坚持不懈 动词：persist（坚持） 形容词：persistent（坚持不懈的） 29. plant n. 植物 v. 种植 短语：plant species（植物物种） 30. dinosaur n. 恐龙 短语：dinosaur fossil（恐龙化石） 31. natural adj. 自然的；天然的 副词：naturally（自然地） 反义词：unnatural（不自然的） 32. unknown adj. 未知的；不出名的 33. amazed adj. 惊奇的；惊讶的 动词：amaze（使惊奇） 形容词：amazing（令人惊奇的） 短语：be amazed at / by（对……感到惊奇） 34. endless adj. 无穷无尽的；永无止境的 副词：endlessly（无止境地） 35. curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 短语：be curious about（对……感到好奇） 名词：curiosity（好奇心） 36. serious adj. 严重的；认真的 副词：seriously（严重地；认真地） 37. completely adv. 完全地；彻底地 形容词：complete（完全的） 38. hardly adv. 几乎不 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 重点短语 1. unsolved secrets 未解决的秘密 2. nature exploration 自然探索 3. have sth in common 有共同点 4. secrets of nature 自然的秘密 5. secrets caught in time 困在时间里的秘密 6. run around 四处跑 7. look for 寻找 8. raise arms 举起手臂 9. hundreds of .. 几百…… 10. look like 看起来像…… 11. thanks to ... 多亏了，由于…… 12. a piece of ..一片，一件…… 13. Southeast Asia 东南亚 14. the tail of ……的尾巴 15. life on earth 地球上的生命 16. Northern Europe 北欧 17. no longer 不再…… 18. over time 随着时间的推移；渐渐地 19. unknown species 未知的品种 20. used to do sth 过去常常做某事 21. the northern half of the earth 北半球 22. old beliefs about … 关于……的旧观念 23. a window on the past 通往过去的窗口 24. be fully understood 被完全地理解 25. put more effort into ..… 更努力地…… 26. unlock more secrets of ... 揭开……的更多秘密 27. a newspaper report on ..关于……的报纸报道 28. findings in nature 在自然界的发现 29. a sci-fi book 一本科幻小说 30. writing styles 写作风格 31. die out 灭绝 32. message board 信息板 33. the solar system 太阳系 34. in the past 在过去 35. raise questions 提出问题 36. move around.绕着……移动 37. clear things in its way 清除它路上的东西 38. that's why ..那就是为什么…… 39. make low sounds 发出低沉的声音 40. a boiling river 一条沸腾的河 41. present sb with sth 向某人赠送某物=present sth to sb 向某人陈述某事；赠送某人某物 42. all the way to ..一路到…… 43. make plants his life 把植物当作他的人生事业 44. throughout his life 贯穿他的一生 45. carry out his research 开展他的研究 46. fall seriously ill 生重病 47. lose sight in his right eye 失去右眼的视力 48. carry on with sth 继续某事 49.personal honour 个人的荣誉 50. be quiet about ..低调对待…… 51. such a great scientist 如此伟大的科学家 52. for a long time 持续很长时间 53. have no idea 不知道 54. belong to ..属于…… 55. pass away 去世 56. lifelong exploration 终生探索 57. love of nature 对自然的爱 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 必背句型 1.Imagine a dinosaur in an ancient forest. It is running around, looking for its next meal. 想象在远古的森林中，一只恐龙正在四处奔跑，寻觅它的下一餐。 2.This species no longer grows in this area. But the find proves that it did 35 million years ago. 这个物种不再在这个区域生长，但这个发现证明，它在三千五百万年前曾存活于此。 3.Scientists used to believe that ants came from the northern part of the world. But the amber fossil tells a different story. 科学家曾认为蚂蚁起源于北半球。但琥珀化石讲述了不同的故事。 4. Thanks to amber, we now know that some dinosaurs had feathers. 多亏了琥珀，我们现在知道一些恐龙长有羽毛。 5.Amber is a window on the past. 琥珀是一扇通往过去的窗户。 6.Each piece of amber unlocks a secret of nature. 每一块琥珀都揭开一个自然界的奥秘。 7.What other secrets is nature waiting to reveal? 大自然还在等待着揭示哪些其他秘密呢？ 8.Nature is full of secrets. They are waiting for somebody to explain them. 大自然充满奥秘。它们在等待着某个人去揭开它们。 9. These secrets awaken our curiosity and drive scientists to better understand the wonders around us. 这些奥秘唤醒我们的好奇心，驱使我们更好地理解周围的奇迹。 10.Nature presents us with endless wonders. 大自然为我们呈现出无尽的奇观。 11.It’s possible, right? Actually, it‘s unlikely for the sun to heat the river that much. 这有可能，对吗？实际上，太阳不太可能把河水加热到那个程度。 12. Perhaps the river passes a volcano and becomes hot. Maybe there are some chemicals in the water. 也许这条河流经火山并变热。可能水里含有某些化学物质。 13.For over 70 years, Professor Wang explored China‘s plants with great passion and hard work. 七十多年来，王教授带着极大的热情和辛勤努力探索中国的植物。 14.Throughout his life, Professor Wang worked hard to research the world of plants in China. 王教授一生辛勤研究中国植物界。 15.He discovered and named about 1,370 new plant species. 他发现并命名了约1370种植物新物种。 16.He became seriously ill while doing field work in Yunnan and nearly died. 他在云南进行野外工作时患上重病，差点丧命。 17.He lost sight in his right eye at the age of 83, but he didn’t let anybody know. 他在83岁时右眼失明，但没有让任何人知道。 18.With a magnifier in hand, he carried on with his research for another 10 years. 手持放大镜，他继续他的研究长达10年。 19.Though he nearly died, Wang never stopped his work. 虽然他差点丧命，但王从未停止工作。 20.Despite his huge success, Wang seldom thought about personal honour or wealth. 尽管取得了巨大成功，王很少考虑个人荣誉或财富。 21.He received the First Class Award of the National Natural Science Award twice, but he hardly mentioned it. 他两次获得国家自然科学一等奖，但几乎从不提及。 22.For him, the award belonged to the team, and he was just doing his job. 对他来说，奖项属于团队，他只是在做他的本职工作。 23.It softly told people about his lifelong exploration and love of nature. 它静静地告诉人们他毕生的探索和对自然的热爱。 24.He passed away in autumn when the leaves fell. 他在秋天落叶时季安息。 25.How much do we really know about the natural world? 我们对自然界究竟了解多少？ 26.The more we explore nature, the more we realize how much remains unknown. 我们对自然探索得越多，就越意识到还有多少未知领域。 单元易错点归纳 一、词汇易混辨析 易错点 1：discover / invent 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Edison discovered the light bulb. Edison invented the light bulb. invent 指“发明”原本不存在的事物（电灯、电话等）。 Scientists invented a new species. Scientists discovered a new species. discover 指“发现”本来就存在但未被认识的事物（新物种、新星球）。 Columbus invented America. Columbus discovered America. 发现新大陆用 discover。 口诀：发现本来有（discover），发明从无到有（invent）。 易错点 2：study / learn 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 I learned the behaviour of ants for years. I studied the behaviour of ants for years. study 强调“深入研究、系统学习”；learn 侧重“学会、了解到”。 He studied English when he was five. He learned English when he was five. 学习语言的基础用 learn，但也可用 study，需看语境。此处“学会”更自然用 learned。 易错点 3：hardly / hard 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 He worked hardly to achieve his goal. He worked hard to achieve his goal. hard 可作副词“努力地”；hardly 是“几乎不”，表示否定。 I hard know him. I hardly know him. 几乎不认识，用 hardly。 The test was hardly. The test was hard. 困难的用 hard（形容词）。 口诀：hard 努力又困难，hardly 几乎不沾边。 易错点 4：curious / strange 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 I’m strange about the stars. I‘m curious about the stars. curious 表示“好奇的”，主动想了解；strange 表示“奇怪的”。 That’s a curious noise. That‘s a strange noise. 奇怪的声音用 strange。 易错点 5：amazed / amazing 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 I was amazing at the discovery. I was amazed at the discovery. amazed 修饰人“感到惊奇的”；amazing 修饰物“令人惊奇的”。 The fossil was amazed. The fossil was amazing. 主语是物，用 amazing。 易错点 6：still / yet / already 混用（本单元常见于描述科学现状） 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Amber is yet not fully understood. Amber is still not fully understood. 肯定句表示“仍然”用 still；yet 常用于否定句或疑问句末尾。 I have still finished my research. I have already finished my research. 已经完成用 already（肯定句）。 Have you finished still? Have you finished yet? 疑问句用 yet。 易错点 7：remain / stay 辨析 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The secret stays unsolved. The secret remains unsolved. remain 较正式，常与未解之谜等搭配；stay 更口语化。 Please remain seated. ✅ 正确 remain 表示“保持某种状态”，常用。 易错点 8：lost / missing / gone 辨析 错误示例 正确示例 解析 He lost his sight. ✅ 正确（失去视力） lose one’s sight 固定搭配。 The fossil is lost. The fossil is missing. missing 表示“失踪的、找不到的”；lost 指“丢失的”也可，但 missing 更客观。 易错点 9：field / farm / countryside 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 He did research in the farm. He did research in the field. “实地考察”用 field work，不是 farm（农场）。 I love the fresh air in the field. I love the fresh air in the countryside. 泛指乡村用 countryside。 二、短语搭配易错 易错点 10：thanks to 与 because of 语气区别 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Thanks to the heavy rain, the field work was cancelled. Because of the heavy rain, the field work was cancelled. thanks to 多用于正面原因（多亏）；若接负面原因显得讽刺或不妥。建议学生避免。 Thanks to amber, we discovered new species. ✅ 正确 正面原因，可用。 易错点 11：belong to 无被动、无进行时 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The fossil is belonged to me. The fossil belongs to me. belong to 不用于被动语态。 This amber is belonging to the museum. This amber belongs to the museum. belong to 不用于进行时。 易错点 12：carry on 后接 with 或直接接 doing 错误示例 正确示例 解析 He carried on to research. He carried on researching / carried on with his research. carry on 后接 doing 或 with + n.，不接 to do。 He carried on with his work. ✅ 正确 易错点 13：fall ill 中的 ill 不用副词 错误示例 正确示例 解析 He fell illness. He fell ill. fall ill 是固定短语，ill 是形容词。 He fell seriously ill. ✅ 正确（seriously 修饰 ill） 加副词修饰可以。 易错点 14：lose one‘s sight 中的 one’s 不可省 错误示例 正确示例 解析 He lost sight at 83. He lost his sight at 83. “失明”用 lose one‘s sight，代词不可省。 易错点 15：put effort into 中的 into 不可换 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should put more effort in research. We should put more effort into research. put effort into sth. 固定搭配。 易错点 16：a window on the past 中的介词 on 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Amber is a window of the past. Amber is a window on the past. a window on the past 是固定比喻，意为“通向过去的窗口”。 三、句型易错点 易错点 17：宾语从句（本单元语法重点）引导词 that 省略与不省略 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Scientists have discovered amber can preserve DNA. Scientists have discovered that amber can preserve DNA. 宾语从句中 that 在书面语中一般不省略，尤其在正式文体。口语中可省，但考试建议保留。 I believe that it is true. ✅ 正确 易错点 18：宾语从句时态呼应 错误示例 正确示例 解析 He said the earth moved around the sun. He said the earth moves around the sun. 客观真理用一般现在时，主句过去时也不变。 I thought he is a scientist. I thought he was a scientist. 主句过去，从句也相应过去（非真理）。 易错点 19：if/whether 引导宾语从句的区别 错误示例 正确示例 解析 I don’t know if to go or not. I don‘t know whether to go or not. whether 后可直接跟不定式，if 不能。 He asked if or not it was true. He asked whether or not it was true. whether or not 是固定搭配，不用 if。 易错点 20：the more ... the more ... 结构中的比较级形式 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The more we explore nature, the more we understand it. ✅ 正确 固定句型：the + 比较级，the + 比较级。 More we explore, more we understand. ❌ 缺少 the 两个 the 都不能省。 易错点 21：though 与 but 不能同时使用 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Though he lost his sight, but he never gave up. Though he lost his sight, he never gave up. / He lost his sight, but he never gave up. though 和 but 都是连词，不能同时出现在一个复合句中。 易错点 22：so ... that ... 与 such ... that ... 混用 错误示例 正确示例 解析 It was so an amazing discovery that everyone cheered. It was such an amazing discovery that everyone cheered. such + a/an + adj. + n.；so + adj. + a/an + n.（但前者更常用）。 The discovery was so amazing that... ✅ 正确 so + adj. + that。 易错点 23：hardly 位于句首时的倒装 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Hardly he mentioned his honours. Hardly did he mention his honours. hardly 等否定副词位于句首，句子需部分倒装。 Hardly had he arrived when it started to rain. ✅ 正确 hardly... when... 结构倒装。 易错点 24：被动语态中感官动词的用法 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The fossil was seen preserved in amber. The fossil was seen to be preserved in amber. / was seen + 现在分词？ 感官动词被动后，不定式要加 to（see sb. do → sb. is seen to do）。但 see sth. preserved 可接受，此处需具体分析。建议掌握：主动 see sb. do → 被动 sb. is seen to do。 单元写作满分范文 一、写作任务解读 单元写作方向 本单元主题为 “探索自然” ，属于“人与自然”范畴，涉及“热爱与敬畏自然，与自然和谐共生”以及“地球与宇宙探秘”等子主题内容。单元围绕“探索自然的奥秘”展开，引导学生了解自然界中的未解之谜、科学家的探索故事以及自然之美，最终能够用英语描述自然奇观或表达对自然的敬畏与保护之情。 二、写作素材（可直接背诵） （一）教材金句 以下句子选自或提炼自Unit 5课文《Secrets caught in time》《Plants for life》等，建议引导学生背诵并灵活运用： 【关于自然的奥秘】 Nature is full of secrets waiting for us to discover. 大自然充满了等待我们去发现的奥秘。 Nature is full of amazing beauty and endless secrets. 大自然处处充满了绝美风景与无穷奥秘。 Nature presents us with endless wonders. 大自然为我们呈现出无穷的奇迹。 These secrets awaken our curiosity and drive scientists to better understand the wonders around us. 这些奥秘唤醒了我们的好奇心，也促使科学家们去更好地了解周围的奇迹。 【关于琥珀与探索】 As a window on the past, amber has been much studied. However, it‘s still not fully understood. 作为一扇通往过去的窗口，琥珀已被广泛研究。然而，我们仍未完全理解它。 We should put more effort into research. Then we can use this key to unlock more secrets of nature. 我们应该投入更多精力进行研究。这样，我们就能用这把钥匙，解开更多大自然的奥秘。 Thanks to amber, more than 300 unknown species have been discovered. 多亏了琥珀，已有超过300个未知物种得以发现。 In the future, amber may also help us discover if other species have changed over time. 未来，琥珀或许还能帮助我们探究其他物种是否随着时间发生了变化。 【关于科学家探索精神】 For over 70 years, Professor Wang explored China’s plants with great passion and hard work. 70多年来，王教授以极大的热情和不懈的努力探索中国的植物。 He discovered and named about 1,370 new plant species. 他发现并命名了约1370个新植物物种。 To carry out his research, he spent years in wild mountains and forests. 为了开展研究，他在野外山林中度过了很多年。 Once, he fell seriously ill while doing field work in Yunnan. Though he nearly died, Wang never stopped his work. 有一次他在云南做田野调查时病得很重。尽管几乎丧命，他从未停止工作。 He lost sight in his right eye at the age of 83. But he didn‘t let anybody know. With a magnifier in hand, he still carried on with his research for another 10 years. 83岁时他右眼失明，但他没有告诉任何人。手持放大镜，他仍然继续研究，又坚持了10年。 He was born in the flowering season of early summer, and made plants his life. 他出生于初夏的花季，将植物视为自己毕生挚爱的事业。 His story tells us that we should be curious about nature and never stop learning. 他的故事告诉我们，应该对自然充满好奇，永不停止学习。 Though he received many honors, he hardly mentioned them. 尽管他获得了许多荣誉，但他很少提及。 【关于自然观察与感悟】 It is great fun for us to look into and explore nature. 探索自然对我们来说是极大的乐趣。 Exploring nature allows us to learn more beyond textbooks. 探索自然让我们收获课本之外的知识。 The more we explore nature, the more we understand the beauty of life. 探索自然越多，我们就越理解生命之美。 The more we explore nature, the more we respect life and the world. 越探索自然，越敬畏生命与世界。 Every small living thing has its own way of growing and living. It makes me feel peaceful and joyful. 每一个微小的生命都有其独特的生长与生活方式，这让我感到宁静与愉悦。 （二）万能写作模板 【类型一：介绍一位自然探索者】 （最常考） 开头段（介绍人物与成就）： 基础版：... is a great nature explorer. He/She is famous for... 进阶版：... is one of the most respected nature explorers in history. Born in...， he/she showed a deep love for nature from an early age. 高级版：There are many great explorers in history, but my favourite is...， whose story has deeply inspired me. 中间段（探索经历与困难）： He/She spent many years... / To carry out his/her research， he/she... Though he/she met a lot of difficulties， he/she never gave up. Once， he/she fell ill / lost...， but he/she carried on with... He/She discovered and named... / His/Her research changed old beliefs about... 结尾段（精神品质与感悟）： His/Her story tells us that we should be curious about nature and never stop exploring. We should learn from his/her hard work， passion and persistence. As Wang once said， “True success belongs to the team.” 【类型二：描写大自然的美与奥秘】 （观察感悟类） 开头段（引入主题）： Nature is full of amazing beauty and endless secrets waiting for us to discover. I love looking into nature and observing different plants and animals in my free time. 中间段（具体描写与感悟）： When I walk in the park， I can see green trees， colourful flowers and lovely little animals. I often watch plants grow and listen to the sounds of nature. Every small living thing has its own way of growing and living. Nature teaches us many lessons that we can never learn from books. 结尾段（升华主题）： The more we explore nature，the more we understand the beauty of life. Looking into nature helps me know more about the world and respect every life around us. Let's cherish nature and keep exploring its endless beauty. 【类型三：介绍自然奇观/未解之谜】 （说明类） 开头段： Have you ever heard of...？ It is one of the most amazing natural wonders in the world. Nature is full of unsolved secrets. Today， I’d like to introduce one of them. 中间段（描述奇观特点与成因）： ... is known for its special feature / amazing beauty. It is located in... It is as... as... / It can even... Scientists are still trying to find out why... / Some possible reasons include... However， this natural wonder is now facing serious problems such as climate change / pollution / deforestation. 结尾段（提出呼吁）： We should take action to protect these natural wonders before they disappear forever. Every one of us can do something to help — even a small act of kindness can make a big difference. （三）关于探索自然与环境保护的谚语与金句 Curiosity is the key to discovery. 好奇心是发现的关键。 Nature is the best teacher. 自然是最好的老师。 Respect nature， and nature will respect you. 尊重自然，自然也会尊重你。 The more you explore， the more you will find. 探索越多，发现越多。 Every living thing has a role to play. 每一种生命都有其作用。 We don‘t inherit the earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children. 地球不是我们从祖先那里继承来的，而是从子孙那里借来的。 To know nature is to love nature. 了解自然就是热爱自然。 √写作典例及思路 在中国，许多人努力奋斗使我们的国家变得更加美好。他们之中有医务人员，教育工作者，工程师，科学家。下面这两张照片是同一位科学家，一张是他年轻时在野外工作，一张是晚年仍在实验室研究。他和植物之间，有着怎样跨越70年的故事？请同学们根据所学内容，按照以下要求写一篇英文短文介绍植物学家——王文采。 注意： 1. 词数80-100，题目已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 文中不得出现真实人名、校名等信息。 Wang Wencai: A Scientist Devoted to Plants ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Wang Wencai: A Scientist Devoted to Plants Wang Wencai is a great scientist in China. He spent his whole life studying plants to make our country better. When he was young, he worked hard in the wild. In August 1963, he was collecting plants in Sichuan. He wasn’t afraid of difficulties. Even when he was old, he didn’t stop working. In 2011, he was still studying plants in a lab in Beijing. For over 70 years, he devoted himself to science. His spirit of hard work deeply moves us. We should learn from him and try our best to make contributions to our country. 【详解】[第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：记叙文（人物介绍/征文），用一般现在时和一般过去时为主 明确要点：王文采的身份（中国伟大科学家/一生研究植物）、年轻时的工作（野外努力工作/1963年在四川采集植物/不怕困难）、年老时的工作（没有停止/2011年仍在实验室研究）、精神与号召（70多年奉献/精神感动我们/应该学习并贡献国家）等 确定人称：第三人称（he/his）和第一人称（we/our） 注意事项：文中不得出现真实人名、校名等信息 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：介绍王文采的身份和一生贡献 主体段：分两个层次展开（年轻时在野外工作/年老时仍在实验室研究） 结尾段：评价其精神并号召学习 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：身份与总体贡献 身份描述：a great scientist in China/a famous botanist等 贡献描述：spent his whole life studying plants/devoted his life to plant research等 目标：to make our country better/to help our nation develop等 要点二：年轻时的工作 工作地点：worked hard in the wild/worked in the fields and mountains等 具体事例：In August 1963, he was collecting plants in Sichuan/was doing field research in Sichuan等 态度描述：wasn’t afraid of difficulties/faced challenges bravely等 要点三：年老时的工作 工作状态：didn’t stop working/continued his research等 具体事例：In 2011, he was still studying plants in a lab in Beijing/was working in a Beijing lab等 要点四：精神与号召 奉献精神：devoted himself to science for over 70 years/gave 70 years to scientific research等 精神影响：His spirit of hard work deeply moves us/We are inspired by his dedication等 学习号召：learn from him and try our best to make contributions to our country/follow his example and serve our nation等 Unit 6 Living with nature 核心单词及变形 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. live v. 生活；居住；生存 形容词：live（活的）；lively（充满活力的） 短语：live with nature（与自然共生） live a simple life（过简单生活） 2. depend v. 依赖；依靠 形容词：dependent（依赖的） independent（独立的） 短语：depend on / upon（依赖；取决于） 3. destroy v. 破坏；摧毁 名词：destruction（破坏） 形容词：destructive（破坏性的） 4. protect v. 保护 名词：protection（保护） 形容词：protective（保护的） 短语：protect the environment（保护环境） 5. reduce v. 减少 名词：reduction（减少） 短语：reduce pollution（减少污染） reduce waste（减少浪费） 6. recycle /v. 回收利用 名词：recycling（回收） 形容词：recyclable（可回收的） 7. reuse v. 重复使用 名词：reuse（重复使用） 8. waste v. 浪费 n. 垃圾；浪费 形容词：wasteful（浪费的） 短语：waste water（浪费水） a waste of time（浪费时间） 9. pollute v. 污染 名词：pollution（污染） 形容词：polluted（被污染的） 10. harm v. & n. 伤害；损害 形容词：harmful（有害的） harmless（无害的） 短语：do harm to（对……有害） 11. balance v. 使平衡 n. 平衡 短语：keep the balance of nature（保持自然平衡） 12. treat v. 对待；治疗 短语：treat nature with respect（尊重地对待自然） 名词：treatment（对待；治疗） 13. appreciate v. 欣赏；感激 名词：appreciation（欣赏；感激） 14. nature n. 大自然；自然界 形容词：natural（自然的） 短语：the beauty of nature（自然之美） in harmony with nature（与自然和谐） 15. harmony n. 和谐；融洽 形容词：harmonious（和谐的） 16. environment n. 环境 形容词：environmental（环境的） 17. countryside n. 乡村；农村 18. pollution n. 污染 动词：pollute 19. waste n. 垃圾；浪费（见动词部分） 20. wildlife n. 野生动物；野生生物 21. balance n. 平衡 短语：the balance of nature（自然平衡） 22. resource n. 资源 短语：natural resources（自然资源） 23. lifestyle n. 生活方式 短语：a simple lifestyle（简单的生活方式） 24. stream n. 小河；溪流 25. hill n. 小山；山丘 26. forest n. 森林 短语：rainforest（雨林） 27. fresh air n. 新鲜空气 28. crop n. 农作物；庄稼 短语：grow crops（种植庄稼） 29. sunrise n. 日出 反义词：sunset（日落） 30. sunset n. 日落 31. natural adj. 自然的；天然的 副词：naturally（自然地） 名词：nature 32. harmonious adj. 和谐的 名词：harmony 33. environmental adj. 环境的 副词：environmentally（环保地） 34. simple adj. 简单的；朴素的 副词：simply（简单地） 短语：a simple life（简朴的生活） 35. peaceful adj. 和平的；宁静的 名词：peace（和平） 短语：a peaceful village（宁静的村庄） 36. fresh adj. 新鲜的 37. clear adj. 清澈的；清晰的 动词：clear（清理） 短语：clear water（清澈的水） 38. quiet adj. 安静的；宁静的 副词：quietly（安静地） 名词：quiet（宁静） 39. harmful adj. 有害的 反义词：harmless（无害的） 短语：be harmful to（对……有害） 40. sustainable adj. 可持续的 短语：sustainable development（可持续发展） 41. naturally adv. 自然地 42. simply adv. 简单地；仅仅 形容词：simple 43. peacefully adv. 和平地；宁静地 形容词：peaceful 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 重点短语 1.live with nature 与大自然共生 2.have a close relationship with 与...保持密切关系；和...关系密切 3.between A and B在A和B之间 4.enjoy nature欣赏自然 5. use natural resources 利用自然资源 6.change nature 改造自然 7.lively birds 活泼的鸟 8.sing sweetly婉转地唱歌 9.hurry to +sp.匆忙去某地 10.hurry up 赶快 11.send sth. to sp.把某物送到某地 12.be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 13.pick up捡起；拾起；（开车）接载（某人） 14.one of.....中的一个 15.one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数…中最..的..之一 16. grow up 长大 17.in the countryside 在乡下；在农村 18.most of.....中的大多数 19.mean to do sth.打算做某事 20.mean doing sth.意味着做某事 21.both...and......和...都 22.at certain times 在特定的时间；在某些时候 23. be set to do sth.即将做某事；准备好做某事 24. long to do sth.渴望做某事 25.so...that...如此..以至于... 26.take an interest in 对...感兴趣 27.hundreds of 几百；成百上千；许多；大量 28.move away from 离开；远离 29.stay close to与...保持亲近；靠近... 30.be known / famous as 被称为...；作为....而闻名 31.be known / famous for因..而闻名 32. for example 例如 33.such as 例如 34.even though 即使 35.be curious about对...感到好奇 36.be sure 确定；肯定；确信 37.on the sea在海上 38. the laws of nature 自然规律 39.according to据...所示，按...所说 40.be good for对...有益；对...有好处 41.be harmful to对...有害 42.reading material 阅读材料 43.require sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事 44.make choices做出选择 45.spend +time/money +(in)doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事 46.be able to do sth.能够做某事 47.cook food烹饪食物 48.charge a phone给手机充电 49.look like 看起来像 50.in the desert 在沙漠里 51.how much +不可数名词多少... 52.every year 每年 53.be like 像；像...一样；长得像 54.A is in the east ofB在...的东部(A在B内部) 55.to the east of在...的东部（不接壤） 56.on the east of在...的东部（接壤） 57.in mid-summer 在仲夏 58.such +a/an+形容词+可数名词单数如此…的一个... 59.lie位于；平躺(lay,lain,lying) 60.lie down 躺下 61.lie 撒谎(lied, lied, lying) 62.lie to sb.对某人说谎 63.lay 产卵；放置(laid, laid, laying) 64.more than多于；超过 65. 100 metres deep 100米深 66. fall into 落入；陷入 67.as long as 与...一样长；只要 68.thanks to 由于；幸亏 69.no wonder 难怪 70.solve problems解决问题 71.food/housing/water shortages 食物/住房/用水短缺 72.play an important role发挥重要作用 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 必背句型 描写芒种农耕场景的句子： 1.It was early one morning of Grain in Ear. Lively birds sang sweetly in the trees. Villagers hurried to the fields. 那是芒种的一个清晨。活泼的鸟儿在树上婉转歌唱，村民们匆匆赶往田间。 2.Under the blue sky, golden fields shone like the sun. The wind blew, sending sweet smells into the air. 蓝天之下，金色的田野像太阳一样闪闪发光。风吹过，空气中弥漫着清甜的气息。 3.Adults were busy cutting the wheat. Children raced behind to pick up the ears. 大人们忙着收割小麦，孩子们跟在后面捡拾麦穗。描述二十四节气的句子： 4.This is one of the best memories of my childhood. I grew up in the countryside of Shandong Province. Most of the villagers there lived by farming. 这是我童年最美好的回忆之一。我在山东的农村长大，那里的大多数村民都以务农为生。 5.The 24 Solar Terms meant so much to them. The changes of the terms guided both their farming activities and daily lives. 二十四节气对他们来说意义非凡。节气的变化指导着他们的农事活动和日常生活。 6.The terms helped them understand why things happened at certain times, and how they should react. 节气帮助他们理解为什么事情会在特定的时间发生，以及他们该如何应对。 7.When I grew up and left my hometown, the 24 Solar Terms followed me. I always feel excited when a new term is set to begin. I longed to share these feelings in my paintings and poems. 当我长大离开家乡后，二十四节气依然伴随着我。每当一个新的节气即将到来时，我总是感到兴奋。我渴望在自己的画作和诗歌中分享这些感受。 描述年轻人重新关注智慧的句子： 8.I’m so happy that many people, especially the young, are taking a new interest in the ancient wisdom. 我很高兴看到很多人，尤其是年轻人，对这份古老的智慧产生了新的兴趣。 9.Now people may be moving away from farming. However, the ancient way of dividing time stays close to our hearts. 如今，人们或许正在远离农耕，但这种古老的计时方式依然深深扎根在我们心中。 10.The 24 Solar Terms are known as the “Fifth Great Invention of China”. They help people understand why nature works this way. 二十四节气被誉为“中国的第五大发明”。它们帮助人们理解自然为何如此运转。 11.Many of the 24 Solar Terms bear social and cultural meanings, too. People celebrate their arrival with traditional activities. 许多节气也承载着社会和文化意义，人们会用传统活动来庆祝它们的到来。 12.The ancient calendar has never disappeared from the life of the Chinese. 这部古老的历法从未从中国人的生活中消失。 13.You probably remember the Flaming Mountains from Journey to the West. But do you know where the real Flaming Mountains are? 你可能在《西游记》里记得火焰山。但你知道真正的火焰山在哪里吗？ 13. It‘s known as one of the hottest areas in the world. The desert sand can be as hot as 80°C in mid-summer. 它被誉为世界上最热的地区之一。仲夏时节沙漠的沙子温度可达80摄氏度。 14. How do people survive in such a terrible climate? The secret lies in the ancient karez system. 人们如何在如此恶劣的气候下生存？秘密就在于古老的坎儿井系统中。 16.Thanks to the karez system, people can grow plants for food in this difficult environment. 多亏了坎儿井系统，人们可以在这种困难的环境中种植农作物作为食物。 17.The karez system still plays an important role. Now, more and more young people are taking action to protect it. 坎儿井系统仍然发挥着重要的作用。现在，越来越多的年轻人正在采取行动保护它。 单元易错点归纳 一、词汇易混辨析 易错点 1：nature / natural / naturally 词性混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should protect natural. We should protect nature. nature 是名词，作保护的对象；natural 是形容词，不能作宾语。 The park looks nature. The park looks natural. 系动词 look 后接形容词作表语，用 natural。 She sings natural. She sings naturally. 修饰动词用副词 naturally。 易错点 2：live / life / alive / living 混用 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should life in harmony with nature. We should live in harmony with nature. live 是动词“生活”；life 是名词“生命/生活”。 I saw a living fish on the plate. I saw a live fish on the plate. live (adj. /laɪv/) 指“活的”；living 也可指“活着的”，但 live 更常用于动物。 The old man is still lively. The old man is still alive. alive 指“活着的”；lively 指“充满活力的”。 易错点 3：countryside / village / country 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 I live in a small countryside. I live in a small village. countryside 是抽象概念“乡村地区”，不能与 a small 连用；village 是具体村庄。 My grandparents live in the country. My grandparents live in the countryside. country 作“乡村”时与 countryside 同义，但 country 还有“国家”义，易歧义。建议用 countryside 明确表示乡村。 易错点 4：harmful / harmless 意义相反 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Plastic bags are harmless to the environment. Plastic bags are harmful to the environment. harmful 有害的；harmless 无害的。意义完全相反。 提示：后缀 -ful 表“充满”，-less 表“无”。类似词：helpful / helpless, careful / careless。 易错点 5：reduce / decrease 搭配不同 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should decrease pollution. We should reduce pollution. reduce 更常用于人为减少污染、浪费等；decrease 侧重数量、数值的下降，作及物动词略生硬。 The population reduced by 10%. The population decreased by 10%. 描述自然下降时 decrease 更常见。 易错点 6：protect / prevent 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should prevent the environment. We should protect the environment. protect 保护（某物不受伤害）；prevent 阻止（某事发生），后常接 from doing。 We should protect people from cutting trees. We should prevent people from cutting trees. “阻止人们砍树”用 prevent from。 易错点 7：waste 作名词的可数性 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Don’t throw wastes everywhere. Don‘t throw waste everywhere. waste 作“垃圾、废物”解时为不可数名词。 It’s a waste of time. ✅ 正确 waste 作“浪费”解时，可与 a 连用：a waste of time/money。 二、短语搭配易错 易错点 8：depend on 中的介词 on 不可省略 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We depend nature for everything. We depend on nature for everything. depend 是不及物动词，必须加 on/upon。 It depends the weather. It depends on the weather. 同上。 拓展：dependent on / independent of 也需注意介词搭配。 易错点 9：live in harmony with 中的介词 with 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should live in harmony to nature. We should live in harmony with nature. 固定搭配：in harmony with。 We should live harmoniously with nature. ✅ 正确 也可用副词 harmoniously + with。 易错点 10：be harmful to 误用介词 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Smoking is harmful for your health. Smoking is harmful to your health. 固定搭配：be harmful to。 同理：be harmful to the environment ✅ 正确 易错点 11：protect ... from 中的 from 易漏 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should protect trees cutting down. We should protect trees from being cut down. protect ... from ... 表示“保护……免受……”。from 不可省略。 易错点 12：make a difference 中的冠词 a 易漏 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Even small acts can make difference. Even small acts can make a difference. make a difference 是固定短语，a 不可省略。 It makes no difference. ✅ 正确 否定或疑问时可说 make no difference / any difference。 易错点 13：thanks to 与 because of 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Thanks to the heavy rain, the game was cancelled. Because of the heavy rain, the game was cancelled. thanks to 多用于正面原因（幸亏）；because of 中性。但因口语中混用，建议学生避免 thanks to 接负面原因。 三、句型易错点 易错点 14：the + 形容词 表示一类事物时的主谓一致 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The poor is helped by the government. The poor are helped by the government. the + 形容词 表一类人，谓语用复数。 The new is always not welcome. The new is always not welcome. 但 the new 若指抽象概念“新事物”，谓语用单数。需根据语境判断。 易错点 15：It is + adj. + for sb. to do 与 of sb. 的误用 错误示例 正确示例 解析 It is important of us to protect nature. It is important for us to protect nature. important 等描述事物性质的形容词用 for sb.。 It is kind for you to help me. It is kind of you to help me. kind, nice, clever 等描述人的品质时用 of sb.。 易错点 16：not only ... but also ... 的主谓一致 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Not only the air but also the water are polluted. Not only the air but also the water is polluted. 遵循“就近原则”，谓语与 but also 后的主语一致。 Not only you but also I are going. Not only you but also I am going. I 是主语，用 am。 易错点 17：more and more + 名词 与 比较级 and 比较级 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 More and more people are protecting the environment. ✅ 正确 more and more + 名词 表示“越来越多的人/物”。 The weather is getting hot and hot. The weather is getting hotter and hotter. 形容词比较级重复用 and 连接，不能直接用原级。 易错点 18：so that 与 so ... that 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should recycle paper so that reduce waste. We should recycle paper so as to reduce waste. so that 引导目的状语从句，从句需有主语和情态动词。 We should recycle paper so that we can reduce waste. ✅ 正确 The air is so fresh that I want to stay here. ✅ 正确 so ... that ... 引导结果状语从句。 易错点 19：It takes / spends / costs 的误用 本单元可能涉及描述“做某事需要时间/资源”，学生易混。 错误示例 正确示例 解析 It spends a long time to protect the forest. It takes a long time to protect the forest. It takes + 时间 + to do sth. 是固定句型。 I cost two hours cleaning the park. I spent two hours cleaning the park. 人作主语用 spend。 易错点 20：because 与 because of 混用 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We stayed inside because of it rained. We stayed inside because it rained. because of 后接名词或代词；because 后接从句。 We stayed inside because of the rain. ✅ 正确 单元写作满分范文 一、写作任务解读 单元写作方向 本单元主题为 “与自然共生” ，属于“人与自然”范畴，涉及“热爱与敬畏自然，与自然和谐共生”以及“环境保护与可持续发展”等子主题内容。单元围绕“人类如何与自然相处”展开，引导学生思考自然美景、传统生活方式、生态保护以及人类活动对自然的影响，最终能够用英语描述自然景观、表达对自然的情感或提出与自然和谐相处的建议。 二、写作素材（可直接背诵） （一）教材金句 【描述自然之美】 Nature is our greatest treasure. We should live in harmony with it. 大自然是我们最宝贵的财富。我们应该与它和谐共处。 The air is so fresh and the sky is so blue. Everything is quiet and peaceful. 空气如此清新，天空如此湛蓝。一切都宁静而平和。 In the countryside, you can hear the birds singing and the wind blowing through the trees. 在乡村，你可以听到鸟儿歌唱、风吹过树林的声音。 The green hills, the clear rivers and the colourful flowers make the countryside a wonderful place to live. 青山、清澈的河流和五颜六色的花朵让乡村成为一个宜居的美妙地方。 Every morning, I am woken up by the gentle sunshine and the songs of birds. 每天早晨，我被柔和的阳光和鸟儿的歌声唤醒。 【描述人与自然的关系】 People have lived in harmony with nature for thousands of years. 数千年来，人类与自然和谐共存。 We depend on nature for food, water, air and almost everything we need. 我们依赖自然获取食物、水、空气以及几乎所有我们需要的东西。 If we destroy nature, we are destroying our own home. 如果我们破坏自然，就是在破坏我们自己的家园。 Living with nature brings us peace and joy. It reminds us to slow down and appreciate the simple things in life. 与自然共生带给我们平静与快乐。它提醒我们放慢脚步，欣赏生活中简单的事物。 A small act of kindness to nature — like planting a tree or saving water — can make a big difference. 对自然的一个小小的善举——比如种一棵树或节约用水——都能带来巨大的改变。 【提出保护自然的建议】 We should stop cutting down forests and start planting more trees. 我们应该停止砍伐森林，开始种植更多的树木。 It is important to reduce, reuse and recycle. 减少、再利用和回收是非常重要的。 Everyone can play a part in protecting the environment. 每个人都能在保护环境中发挥作用。 Let‘s take action before it is too late. 让我们趁还来得及的时候采取行动。 （二）万能写作模板 【类型一：描述一个自然景观/乡村】 开头段（引出地点）： 基础版：My favourite natural place is ... It is located in... 进阶版：If you ask me which place I like best, I will say ... It is a beautiful village / natural park that I will never forget. 高级版：Tucked away in the mountains lies a small village called ... It is a place where time seems to slow down, and nature greets you at every turn. 中间段（描述景物与感受）： When I first arrived, I was amazed by the ... (green hills / clear river / fresh air). The sky is so blue and the clouds are so white. The air smells of flowers and grass. I could hear the sound of ... (running water / birds singing / leaves rustling). Walking along the path, I felt completely relaxed and far away from the noise of the city. The villagers live a simple life. They grow their own food and respect nature. 结尾段（感悟与呼吁）： This place taught me to value nature and live a simpler, happier life. I hope more people can come to experience the beauty of nature and learn to protect it. Living with nature makes us healthier and happier. Let’s cherish every drop of water, every leaf and every living thing. 【类型二：记叙一次亲近自然的经历】 开头段（引入经历）： Last weekend, I went to the countryside with my family. It was an unforgettable experience. I still remember the day I spent in my grandpa‘s village. It opened my eyes to the beauty of nature. 中间段（按时间顺序叙述）： In the morning, we walked through the fields. The sun was shining and the air was fresh. At noon, we had a picnic by the river. The water was so clear that I could see small fish swimming. In the afternoon, I helped my grandpa water the vegetables. I learned that hard work brings happiness. In the evening, we sat in the yard and watched the stars. I had never seen such a beautiful sky. 结尾段（感悟）： That day, I fell in love with nature. I realized that we don’t need expensive things to be happy. Sometimes, the simplest life is the richest. I promised myself to protect nature so that our children can also enjoy its beauty. 【类型三：议论文——如何与自然和谐共处】 开头段（引出观点）： Nature is our home. Without nature, we cannot survive. So we must learn to live in harmony with it. Some people think that nature is there for us to use. I believe we should respect nature and protect it. 中间段（分点论述）： First, we should reduce pollution. We can take public transport, save electricity and avoid using plastic bags. Second, we should protect wildlife. Animals and plants are part of nature. If they disappear, the balance of nature will be broken. Finally, we should educate more people about the importance of environmental protection. 结尾段（总结与呼吁）： In short, living with nature is not a choice but a necessity. Let’s start from small things — turn off the lights when not in use, plant a tree in spring, and say no to single-use plastics. Together, we can make a difference. （三）关于自然与环保的谚语与金句 We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children. 地球不是我们从祖先那里继承来的，而是从子孙那里借来的。 The best time to plant a tree was 20 years ago. The second best time is now. 种树最好的时间是20年前，其次就是现在。 Nature provides enough for everyone’s need, but not for everyone‘s greed. 自然能满足每个人的需要，但满足不了每个人的贪欲。 What we are doing to the forests of the world is but a mirror reflection of what we are doing to ourselves.我们对世界森林所做的一切，不过是我们对自己所做一切的镜像反映。 Take nothing but pictures, leave nothing but footprints.除了照片什么都别带走，除了脚印什么都别留下。 Water and air, the two essential fluids on which all life depends, have become global garbage cans.水和空气——所有生命依赖的两种基本流体——已变成全球性的垃圾箱。 √写作典例及思路 人与自然和谐共处是人类的共同追求。请以“Living in Harmony with Nature”为题，写一篇英语短文，谈谈我们应该如何与自然和谐相处。要求： 1. 内容包括：自然对人类的重要性、人类与自然和谐共处的例子 (如二十四节气、坎儿井等) 以及我们可以做的事； 2. 词数80~100左右； 3. 语句通顺，语法正确，条理清晰。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： Living in Harmony with Nature Nature is important to humans—it provides us with air, water and food. Living in harmony with nature is our common goal. There are many examples of this. The 24 Solar Terms guide farmers’ work and show ancient Chinese wisdom. The karez system in Turpan, built with hand tools, helps people survive in the hot desert. These examples show how humans and nature can live together well. To achieve harmony, we should protect natural resources. We can save water, plant trees, and protect animals. By doing so, we can enjoy a better life and keep nature beautiful for future generations. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：说明文，以一般现在时为主，阐述与自然和谐共处的方式 明确要点：说明自然的重要性、列举和谐共处的例子、提出可行行动 确定人称：第一人称复数（we） 注意事项：词数80~100左右，语句通顺，语法正确，条理清晰 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：点明自然对人类的重要性，提出与自然和谐共处的目标 主体段：列举二十四节气、坎儿井等和谐共处的例子 结尾段：说明我们可以采取的行动，总结意义   [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：自然重要性 重要性：provides us with air, water and food/supports our life and development 例子：24 Solar Terms guide farmers’ work/karez system helps people survive in desert 行动：save water/plant trees/protect animals/protect natural resources 要点二：意义启发 启发：living in harmony with nature is our common goal/we should respect nature 意义：enjoy a better life/keep nature beautiful for future generations/learn to protect the environment 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 Units 4~6 重点单词短语句型、易错点&写作范文 Unit 4 Helping out 核心单词及变形 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. help out v. 帮助（解决困难）；帮一把 短语：_______________ 帮忙做某事 用法：_______________ 帮助某人摆脱困境 2. volunteer v. 自愿做；义务做 n. 志愿者 名词：_______________ （志愿者） 形容词：_______________ （志愿的；自发的） 短语：_______________ . 自愿做某事 _______________ 自愿参加某事 3. offer v. 主动提出；提供 n. 提议；出价 短语：_______________ 主动提出做某事 _______________ 向某人提供某物 4. raise v. 筹集（资金）；提升；饲养 短语：_______________ （为……）筹款 _______________ 举手 5. donate v. 捐赠；捐献 名词：_______________ （捐赠；捐款） _______________ （捐赠者） 6. support v. & n. 支持；资助；养活 形容词：_______________ （支持的；鼓励的） 短语：_______________ 支持某人做某事 7. serve v. 服务；端上（食物） 名词：___________（服务）；____________（仆人） 短语：_______________ 服务社区 _______________ 上菜 8. attend v. 参加；出席 名词：_______________ 出席人数；出席率） 9. organize v. 组织；策划 名词：_______________ （组织；机构） 形容词：_______________ （有条理的） 10. collect v. 收集；募集；领取 名词：_______________ （收集；收藏品） 短语：_______________ 募集钱款/捐赠； _______________ 收集垃圾 11. distribute v. 分发；分配 名词：_______________ （分发；分配） 短语：_______________ 分发食物和水 12. recycle v. 回收利用；循环使用 名词：_______________ （回收利用） 13. satisfy v. 使满意；满足（需要、要求） 形容词：_______________ （感到满意的） _______________ （令人满意的） _______________ （令人满意的） 名词：_______________ （满意） 短语：_______________ 对……感到满意 14. charity n. 慈善机构；慈善事业 形容词：_______________ （慈善的；仁慈的） 短语：_______________ 慈善活动/义卖 _______________ 捐给慈善机构 15. community n. 社区；团体 形容词：_______________ （公共的；社区的） 短语：_______________ 社区中心 _______________ 社区服务 16. service n. 服务；公共事业 动词：_______________ 短语：_______________ 社区服务 _______________ 客户服务 17. elderly n. & adj. 老年人（的）；年老的 18. _______________ adj. 残疾的 n. 残疾人 名词：_______________ （残疾；障碍） 短语：_______________ 残疾人（集体概念） _______________ 残疾人 19. _____________adj. 无家可归的 n. 无家可归者 20. _______________ n. 垃圾；废物（英式英语） 21. _______________ n.（社会、政治等）运动；活动 v. 发起运动 22. _______________ n. 庇护所；收容所 23. _______________ n. 事业；原因 短语：_______________ 崇高的事业（常指慈善、公益）；_______________ 为了公益 24. opportunity n. 机会；时机 短语：_______________ 有机会做某事 25. experience n. 经验；经历 v. 体验 形容词：_______________ （有经验的） 26. need n. 需要；需求 v. 需要 短语：_______________ 需要帮助的 _______________ 需要…… 27. responsibility n. 责任 形容词：_______________ （有责任心的） 短语：_______________ 对……负责 28. grateful adj. 感激的；感谢的 副词：_______________ （感激地） 短语：_______________ 因某事感激某人 29. local adj. 当地的；本地的 副词：_______________ （在当地） 短语：_______________ 当地社区 _______________ 地方政府 30. meaningful adj. 有意义的 反义词：_______________ （无意义的） 31. independent adj. 独立的；自主的 名词：_______________ （独立） 反义词：_______________ （依赖的） 短语：_______________ 不依赖…… 32. independently adv. 独立地 形容词：_______________ 33. generously adv. 慷慨地 形容词：_______________ （慷慨的） 名词：_______________ （慷慨） 重点短语 1. ______________ 伸出援助之手 2. ______________ 将……限制在……范围内 3. ______________ 和某人分享某物 4. ______________ 打扰一下 5. ______________ 筹钱 6. ______________ 度过…… 7. ______________ 给蝴蝶填色 8. ______________ 我恐怕…… 9. ______________ 给某人提供某物 10. ______________ 携带病毒 11. ______________ 传播疾病 12. ______________ 被用过一次 13. ______________ 必须被扔掉 14. ______________ 支付得起做某事 15. ______________ 出生就带…… 16. ______________ 去医院很多次 17. ______________ 处于极大的痛苦之中 18. ______________ 想要某人做某事 19. ______________ 感受她的失落 20. ______________ 等待某物 21. ______________ 计划做某事 22. ______________ 零用钱 23. ______________ 因为某人/某物 24. ______________ 做家务赚钱 25. ______________ 听起来…… 26. ______________ 放弃 27. ______________ 在……的帮助下 28. ______________ 公布于众 29. ______________ 到目前为止 30. ______________ 把A加到B里面 31. ______________ 装满了…… 32. ______________ 出乎意料地 33. ______________ 问题的起因 34. ______________ 一瓶…… 35. ______________ 参加考试 36. ______________ 给予某人帮助 37. ______________ 亲近的朋友 38. ______________ 处于濒危中 39. ______________ 需要帮助 40. ______________ 关闭 41. ______________ 寻求帮助 42. ______________ 增长了…… 43. ______________ 号召某人 44. ______________ 捐钱 45. ______________ 剧烈震动 46. ______________ 被扔到…… 47. ______________ 在我周围 48. ______________ 减少至…… 49. ______________ 突然站起来/跳起来 50. ______________ 向（某人）提供帮助或支持 51. ______________ 与时间赛跑 52. ______________ 被……触动 53. ______________ 下定决心做某事 54. ______________ 从大学毕业 55. ______________ 马上 56. ______________ 报名去做某事 57. ______________ ……的温暖 58. ______________ 绝不，一点也不 59. ______________ 提供给某人某物 60. ______________ 在那时 61. ______________ 导致 62. ______________ 善意的循环 必背句型 1.Leah was ________________of Sunshine Hospital, as she had been many times before. Leah又一次坐在阳光医院的候诊室里，这已经数不清是第几次了。 2.She noticed that the children around her _____________________but wait. 她注意到周围的孩子们除了等待无事可做。 3.There were not _______________ crayons for everyone. 蜡笔不够大家分。 4.Leah ________________ a serious illness. She had been in and out of hospital since she was very young. Leah天生患有严重疾病。她从小就反复出入医院。 5.She _______________ that many crayons herself. It was impossible for her to do housework to make money, as the simplest things could cause her a lot of pain. 她自己买不起那么多蜡笔。就连做家务都不可能，因为最简单的事都会给她带来巨大的痛苦。 6.But she didn’t ___________. With the help of her mother, she started by asking friends and family to donate. 但她没有放弃。在妈妈的帮助下，她先从请亲友捐赠开始着手。 7.Leah held many events to ______________. She even started a public campaign. Leah举办了许多活动来筹款。她甚至发起了一次公众募捐活动。 8.________________, Leah collected 2,675 boxes of crayons, far more than her goal of 500. 最终，Leah收集了2675盒蜡笔，远超她500盒的目标。 9.Now, the hospital has colouring books and _______________ for every child. Leah added a lot of colour to their lives. 现在医院有涂色书和足够的蜡笔供每个孩子使用。Leah为他们的生活增添了丰富的色彩。 10.It was just before 2:30 pm in my hometown, Wenchuan. I was __________________ at school. 那正好是下午2点30分之前，在我的家乡汶川。我正在学校上音乐课。 11.Suddenly, the ground _____________________ violently. People were shouting all around me. 突然间，地面猛烈摇晃起来。四周都是人们的呼喊声。 12.I ________________________ all the other buildings reduced to pieces. 我震惊地发现，其他所有建筑都变成了废墟。 13.I ____________________ their courage and hard work. So I made up my mind to become one of them. 他们的勇气和辛勤付出深深打动了我。于是，我下定决心要成为他们中的一员。 14.It _______________________ offer mine. 是我伸出援手的时候了。 15.I still remember the warmth of those helping hands 12 years ago. 我仍记得12年前那些援助之手带来的温暖。 16.__________________________, and so creates a circle of goodwill and kindness. 爱衍生爱，从而创造出善意与关爱的循环。 17.I still feel lucky to have had ________________________ in life. 我仍然为自己人生中有如此美妙的经历而感到幸运。 18.There are not enough crayons for the children in the hospital. 医院的孩子们没有足够的蜡笔。 19.The hospital ___________________ new crayons for every child. 医院没有足够的经费给每个孩子买新蜡笔。 20.These families are facing serious financial problems. 这些家庭正面临严重的财务问题。 21.We ____________________ for the local animal shelter. 我们计划为当地的动物收容所筹集善款。 22.We’ll meet at the school gate at 8 am. 我们上午8点在校门口集合。 23.It might be difficult to raise enough money in one day, but we’ll _______________________. 天之内筹集足够的钱可能会有困难，但我们会尽力。 24.We may need to ____________________________. 我们可能需要向更多人求助。 25.The work is by no means easy, but ___________________. 这项工作一点儿也不容易，但它值得去做。 26.It will create a circle of goodwill in our community. 这将在我们社区创造一个善意循环。 27.Small acts of kindness can lead to a big difference. 小小的善行可以带来巨大的改变。 28.Animals are our close friends. Wild animals are in danger. 动物是我们亲密的朋友。野生动物处于濒危状态。 29.Homeless animals need our help and care. 无家可归的动物需要我们的帮助与关爱。 30.You can also donate money and books to help them. 也可以捐钱和书籍来帮助他们。 单元易错点归纳 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、词汇易混辨析 易错点 1：raise / rise 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The sun raises in the east. The sun rises in the east. rise 是不及物动词“上升”，后无宾语；raise 是及物动词“筹集/举起”，须有宾语。 We rose money for charity. We raised money for charity. “筹款”必须用 raise。 He raised from his seat. He rose from his seat. “站起来”用 rise。 口诀：raise 带宾语（raise money/your hand），rise 自己升（sun rises/price rises）。 易错点 2：offer / provide / supply 混用 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The charity offered food for the homeless. The charity provided food for the homeless. offer 强调“主动提出（可接受或拒绝）”；provide 强调“供给所需”，更匹配基本生活物资。 He provided to help me. He offered to help me. offer to do sth. 是固定结构，provide 不接不定式。 The school supplied us with books. ✅ 正确 supply 侧重“大量/定期供应物资”。 辨析小结： offer：offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth. provide：provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for sb. supply：supply sb. with sth. / supply sth. to sb. 易错点 3：attend / join / take part in 用法不分 错误示例 正确示例 解析 I joined a charity meeting yesterday. I attended a charity meeting yesterday. “参加会议/讲座/课程”用 attend；join 指加入组织或某人。 Many volunteers attended the club. Many volunteers joined the club. “加入俱乐部/团队”用 join。 He took part in the army. He joined the army. “参军”习惯用 join the army。 小结： attend → 出席活动（会议、课程、仪式） join → 加入团体/组织/某人 take part in → 参与（并发挥作用） 易错点 4：collect / gather 区别 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We gathered money for the poor. We collected money for the poor. “募集资金”用 collect；gather 侧重“聚拢（人/物）”，更口语化。 People collected in the square. People gathered in the square. 人聚集用 gather。 易错点 5：grateful / thankful 语气区别 错误示例 正确示例 解析 I am thankful to you for your donation. I am grateful to you for your donation. 对人表示感谢用 grateful 更真挚；thankful 常对避免了不幸而“庆幸”。 I am grateful that nobody was hurt. I am thankful that nobody was hurt. 对幸运结果用 thankful。 易错点 6：elderly / old / aged 礼貌程度 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should help the old. We should help the elderly. elderly 更委婉礼貌；old 有时显得直接。 The elderly than me. ✗ (elderly 不用 than) elderly 没有比较级，比较时用 older。 易错点 7：disabled / handicapped 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We served the handicapped. We served the disabled. disabled 是目前更接受的术语；handicapped 略显过时。 The disabled is treated fairly. The disabled are treated fairly. “the + 形容词”表一类人，谓语用复数。 二、短语搭配易错 易错点 8：help out 中的 out 不可漏，搭配介词 with 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Can you help with the cleaning? Can you help out with the cleaning? help out 强调“帮忙解决困难”，比 help 更贴近本单元主题。 He helped out me. He helped me out. 代词放在 help 与 out 之间：help sb. out。 易错点 9：donate 的介词搭配 错误示例 正确示例 解析 They donated money for the poor. They donated money to the poor. donate sth. to sb./organization。 They donated the poor with money. They donated money to the poor. 不存在 donate sb. with sth. 结构。 易错点 10：raise money 后介词 for 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We raised money to the homeless. We raised money for the homeless. raise money for ... 为……筹款。 易错点 11：provide 的两种结构混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The shelter provided meals for the homeless. ✅ 正确 provide sth. for sb. The shelter provided the homeless with meals. ✅ 正确 provide sb. with sth. 错误混合：provide meals to sb. ✗ 避免用 to，用 for 或 with。 易错点 12：serve 后接 food/meal 时不需要额外介词 错误示例 正确示例 解析 They served for hot soup. They served hot soup. serve 直接接食物：“提供食物”。 They served to the homeless. They served the homeless. / They served food to the homeless. serve sb. 或 serve sth. to sb.。 易错点 13：in need 短语中无冠词 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should help people in the need. We should help people in need. in need 是固定短语，不加冠词。 She is in need of help. ✅ 正确 in need of 需要…… 易错点 14：the + 形容词 表示一类人时的冠词与主谓一致 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The homeless needs our help. The homeless need our help. the + adj. 表一类人，谓语用复数。 We should respect old. We should respect the old. 冠词 the 不可省略。 三、句型易错点 易错点 15：offer to do sth. 中 to do 不可省略 错误示例 正确示例 解析 He offered help me. He offered to help me. offer 后必须接不定式，不接原形或动名词。 She offered donating money. She offered to donate money. 同上。 易错点 16：volunteer 作动词的用法 错误示例 正确示例 解析 They volunteered help the elderly. They volunteered to help the elderly. volunteer to do sth.，不定式不能省略 to。 I volunteered in the shelter. I volunteered at the shelter. / I volunteered to work at the shelter. volunteer 作不及物动词时，地点前用 at/in；但更常用 volunteer to do。 易错点 17：It takes time to do sth. 的主语固定 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We take two hours to clean the park. It takes us two hours to clean the park. 花时间做某事用 It takes sb. time to do sth.，主语是 It。 The work costs us two hours. It takes us two hours to do the work. cost 通常指金钱，不指时间（但可说 sth. cost sb. time，较正式）。建议学生用 take。 易错点 18：because / because of 混用（本单元常见于解释原因） 错误示例 正确示例 解析 They volunteered because of they wanted to help. They volunteered because they wanted to help. because of 后接名词或代词；because 后接从句。 The event was cancelled because the rain. The event was cancelled because of the rain. rain 是名词，用 because of。 易错点 19：so that 与 so ... that 结构混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We raised money so that help the homeless. We raised money so that we could help the homeless. so that 引导目的状语从句，从句需有完整主谓和情态动词（can/could等）。 The work was so meaningful so we enjoyed it. The work was so meaningful that we enjoyed it. so ... that ... 如此……以至于……，that 不可换成 so。 易错点 20：建议句型 I suggest / advise 后的从句动词形式 错误示例 正确示例 解析 I suggest to hold a charity sale. I suggest holding a charity sale. suggest 后接动名词或 that 从句，不接不定式。 I advise him to donate his old clothes. ✅ 正确 advise sb. to do sth. 是正确结构。 I suggested that he donates money. I suggested that he (should) donate money. suggest that 从句中用 (should) + 动词原形。 易错点 21：主动表被动（need doing） 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The old man needs to look after. The old man needs looking after. / needs to be looked after. need doing 主动形式表被动意义。 The homeless need to help. The homeless need helping. / need to be helped. 同上。 单元写作满分范文 一、写作任务解读 单元写作方向 本单元主题为 “伸出援手 / 志愿服务” ，属于“人与社会”范畴，涉及“公益事业与志愿服务”。Helping out 意为“帮忙；帮助解决困难”。写作任务引导学生关注社区、关爱他人，理解志愿服务的意义，并能用英语描述自己的志愿服务经历、提出帮助他人的建议或发表对公益行为的看法。 二、写作素材（可直接背诵） （一）教材金句 【描述志愿服务前的期待与准备】 I decided to volunteer at a local homeless shelter during the winter holiday. 我决定在寒假期间去当地的无家可归者收容所做志愿者。 We raised money by selling homemade cookies and old books. 我们通过卖自制的饼干和旧书来筹款。 Our teacher organized a charity event to help the children in poor areas. 我们老师组织了一场慈善活动来帮助贫困地区的孩子。 【描述志愿服务中的行动与感受】 We served hot meals to the homeless and talked with them. 我们为无家可归者提供热饭，并与他们交谈。 It was hard work, but seeing their smiles made it all worthwhile. 工作很辛苦，但看到他们的笑容让一切都值得了。 I collected rubbish along the beach with my classmates. 我和同学一起在海滩上捡垃圾。 Every small act of kindness can make a big difference. 每一个小小的善举都能带来巨大的改变。 【描述志愿服务后的收获与感悟】 This experience taught me that helping others is also helping myself. 这次经历让我明白，帮助别人也是在帮助自己。 I felt truly grateful for what I have and more willing to share with others. 我对自己所拥有的一切心存感激，也更愿意与他人分享。 Volunteering not only benefits the community but also enriches my own life. 志愿服务不仅有益于社区，也丰富了我自己的人生。 As the saying goes, “The roses in her hand, the flavor in mine.” 赠人玫瑰，手有余香。 （二）万能写作模板 【开头段模板】（引入经历或话题） 基础版：Last weekend, I took part in a voluntary activity. It was an unforgettable experience. / Helping others is a great virtue. I learned this from my own experience. 高级版：Have you ever felt the joy of giving? I experienced it last month when I volunteered at an animal shelter. / Sometimes a small act of kindness can light up someone’s whole day. That‘s what I learned from my first volunteering experience. 【中间段模板】（叙述过程或列举观点） 记叙类（叙述经历）： 背景与任务：It all started when our class decided to... / Our teacher asked us to help... 具体行动：On that day, we arrived at... and began to... / Some of us..., while others... 困难与克服：At first, we had trouble... / I felt a bit tired because... But when I saw..., I kept going. 感受与互动：The people there were so grateful. / An old lady held my hand and said, “Thank you, dear.” 议论类（论述意义）： In my opinion, helping others is not only a duty but also a pleasure. First of all, volunteering makes us more thankful for what we have. Secondly, it helps us develop important qualities like responsibility and kindness. Finally, a society where people help each other is a warmer and better place. 【结尾段模板】（感悟升华） 基础版：I was tired but happy. I will never forget this meaningful experience. / I plan to do more voluntary work in the future. 高级版：This experience opened my eyes to the needs of others and filled my heart with warmth. I believe that even the smallest help can make the world a better place. / As the saying goes, “The fragrance always remains in the hand that gives the rose.” I will continue to help out whenever I can. （三）关于帮助他人的谚语与金句 The roses in her hand, the flavor in mine.赠人玫瑰，手有余香。 One good turn deserves another. 善有善报。 A small act of kindness can make a big difference.小小的善举能带来巨大的改变。 It is better to give than to receive. 给予比接受更幸福。 Many hands make light work. 众人拾柴火焰高。 Helping others is helping yourself. 帮助别人就是帮助自己。 √写作典例及思路 1．校园时光像一本装满故事的相册, 总有一些人用特别的方式在我们的记忆里留下深刻印记。假如你是李明，请你根据以下提示，以“The person lighting up my school days”为题, 用英语写一篇短文, 向这位给你留下难忘记忆的人致敬。 提示:  注意: 1.包含所给提示信息;   2.条理清楚，语句通顺，行文连贯;    3.80词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数)。 The person lighting up my school days When I look back on the past years, one person always comes to mind. It is ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unit 5 Looking into nature 核心单词及变形 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. explore v. 探索；探究 名词：__________（探索）；__________（探索者） 形容词：__________（探索性的） 短语：__________（探索自然） __________（探索未知） 2. discover v. 发现 名词：________________（发现） 3. research v. & n. 研究；调查 动词用法：________________（研究某事） 短语：________________（科学研究） 4. ________________ v. 解开；开启（秘密等） 5. ________________ v. & n. 研究；学习 6. name v. 命名；给……取名 n. 名字 短语：________________（以……命名） ________________（给某人起名为……） 7. ________________ v. 继续；坚持 8. fall v. 变成；进入（某种状态） 常用短语：________________（生病） ________________（入睡） ________________（爱上） 9. lose v. 失去；丢失 过去式/过去分词：________________ 短语：________________（失明） ________________（迷路） 10. belong v. 属于 短语：________________（属于） 11. remain v. 保持；仍然是；剩余 12. ________________ v. & n. 尊重 形容词：________________（表示尊敬的） ________________（可敬的） 短语：respect life and the world（敬畏生命与世界） 13. nature n. 大自然；自然界 形容词：________________（自然的） 短语：________________（自然之美） ________________（在自然界中） 14.________________ n. 琥珀 15. species n. 物种（单复数同形） 16. fossil n. 化石 短语：________________（化石记录） ________________（活化石） 17. scientist n. 科学家 名词：________________（科学） 18. discovery n. 发现 动词：________________ 19. ________________ n. 研究（见动词部分） 20. ________________ n. 成就；功绩 动词：achieve（实现；取得） 短语：________________（伟大成就） 21. curiosity n. 好奇心 形容词：________________（好奇的） 短语：________________（唤醒某人的好奇心） 22. secret n. 秘密；奥秘 adj. 秘密的 短语：________________（大自然的奥秘） 23. key n. 钥匙；关键 短语：________________（成功的关键） 24. field n. 田野；野外；领域 短语：________________（实地考察；田野调查） 25. magnifier n. 放大镜 动词：________________（放大） 26. honour n. 荣誉；尊敬 v. 尊重 形容词：________________（光荣的） 27. passion n. 热情；激情 形容词：________________（热情的） 短语：________________（满怀热情） 28. persistence n. 坚持不懈 动词：________________（坚持） 形容词：________________（坚持不懈的） 29. plant n. 植物 v. 种植 短语：________________（植物物种） 30. dinosaur n. 恐龙 短语：________________（恐龙化石） 31. natural adj. 自然的；天然的 副词：________________（自然地） 反义词：________________（不自然的） 32. _______________ adj. 未知的；不出名的 33. ________________ adj. 惊奇的；惊讶的 动词：________________（使惊奇） 形容词：________________（令人惊奇的） 短语：________________（对……感到惊奇） 34. endless adj. 无穷无尽的；永无止境的 副词：________________（无止境地） 35. curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 短语：________________（对……感到好奇） 名词：________________（好奇心） 36. serious adj. 严重的；认真的 副词：________________（严重地；认真地） 37. completely adv. 完全地；彻底地 形容词：________________（完全的） 38. ________________ adv. 几乎不 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 重点短语 1. ____________ 未解决的秘密 2. ____________ 自然探索 3. ____________ 有共同点 4. ____________ 自然的秘密 5. ____________ 困在时间里的秘密 6. ____________ 四处跑 7. ____________ 寻找 8. ____________ 举起手臂 9. ____________ 几百…… 10. ____________ 看起来像…… 11. ____________ 多亏了，由于…… 12. ____________ 一片，一件…… 13. ____________ 东南亚 14. ____________ ……的尾巴 15. ____________ 地球上的生命 16. ____________ 北欧 17. ____________ 不再…… 18. ____________ 随着时间的推移；渐渐地 19. ____________ 未知的品种 20. ____________ 过去常常做某事 21. ____________ 北半球 22. ____________ 关于……的旧观念 23. ____________ 通往过去的窗口 24. ____________ 被完全地理解 25. ____________ 更努力地…… 26. ____________ 揭开……的更多秘密 27. ____________ 关于……的报纸报道 28. ____________ 在自然界的发现 29. ____________ 一本科幻小说 30. ____________ 写作风格 31. ____________ 灭绝 32. ____________ 信息板 33. ____________ 太阳系 34. ____________ 在过去 35. ____________ 提出问题 36. ____________ 绕着……移动 37. ____________ 清除它路上的东西 38. ____________ 那就是为什么…… 39. ____________ 发出低沉的声音 40. ____________ 一条沸腾的河 41. ____________ 向某人赠送某物 / 向某人陈述某事 42. ____________ 一路到…… 43. ____________ 把植物当作他的人生事业 44. ____________ 贯穿他的一生 45. ____________ 开展他的研究 46. ____________ 生重病 47. ____________ 失去右眼的视力 48. ____________ 继续某事 49. ____________ 个人的荣誉 50. ____________ 低调对待…… 51. ____________ 如此伟大的科学家 52. ____________ 持续很长时间 53. ____________ 不知道 54. ____________ 属于…… 55. ____________ 去世 56. ____________ 终生探索 57. ____________ 对自然的爱 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 必背句型 1.Imagine a dinosaur in an ancient forest. It is _________________________, looking for its next meal. 想象在远古的森林中，一只恐龙正在四处奔跑，寻觅它的下一餐。 2.This species _________________ in this area. But the find ____________ that it did 35 million years ago. 这个物种不再在这个区域生长，但这个发现证明，它在三千五百万年前曾存活于此。 3.Scientists _________________ that ants came from the northern part of the world. But the amber fossil tells a different story. 科学家曾认为蚂蚁起源于北半球。但琥珀化石讲述了不同的故事。 4. __________________, we now know that some dinosaurs had feathers. 多亏了琥珀，我们现在知道一些恐龙长有羽毛。 5.Amber is a window on the past. 琥珀是一扇通往过去的窗户。 6.Each piece of amber unlocks _________________. 每一块琥珀都揭开一个自然界的奥秘。 7.What other secrets is nature waiting to reveal? 大自然还在等待着揭示哪些其他秘密呢？ 8.Nature ___________________ secrets. They are waiting for somebody to explain them. 大自然充满奥秘。它们在等待着某个人去揭开它们。 9. These secrets awaken our ________________ and drive scientists to better understand the wonders around us. 这些奥秘唤醒我们的好奇心，驱使我们更好地理解周围的奇迹。 10.Nature presents us with __________________. 大自然为我们呈现出无尽的奇观。 11.It’s possible, right? Actually, it‘s _______________for the sun to heat the river that much. 这有可能，对吗？实际上，太阳不太可能把河水加热到那个程度。 12. Perhaps the river passes a volcano and becomes hot. Maybe there are some chemicals in the water. 也许这条河流经火山并变热。可能水里含有某些化学物质。 13.For over 70 years, Professor Wang explored China‘s plants with great passion and hard work. 七十多年来，王教授带着极大的热情和辛勤努力探索中国的植物。 14.Throughout his life, Professor Wang worked hard to research the world of plants in China. 王教授一生辛勤研究中国植物界。 15.He discovered and named about 1,370 new plant species. 他发现并命名了约1370种植物新物种。 16.He became seriously ill while doing field work in Yunnan and nearly died. 他在云南进行野外工作时患上重病，差点丧命。 17.He lost sight in his right eye__________________83, but he didn’t let anybody know. 他在83岁时右眼失明，但没有让任何人知道。 18.With a magnifier in hand, he______________________with his research for another 10 years. 手持放大镜，他继续他的研究长达10年。 19.____________________ he nearly died, Wang never stopped his work. 虽然他差点丧命，但王从未停止工作。 20.Despite his huge success, Wang seldom thought about _______________________. 尽管取得了巨大成功，王很少考虑个人荣誉或财富。 21.He received the First Class Award of the National Natural Science Award twice, but he hardly_____________it. 他两次获得国家自然科学一等奖，但几乎从不提及。 22.For him, the award ____________________ the team, and he was just doing his job. 对他来说，奖项属于团队，他只是在做他的本职工作。 23.It softly told people about __________________________________. 它静静地告诉人们他毕生的探索和对自然的热爱。 24.He ____________________ in autumn when the leaves fell. 他在秋天落叶时季安息。 25.How much do we really__________________ the natural world? 我们对自然界究竟了解多少？ 26.The more we explore nature, the more we realize how much remains ________________. 我们对自然探索得越多，就越意识到还有多少未知领域。 单元易错点归纳 一、词汇易混辨析 易错点 1：discover / invent 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Edison discovered the light bulb. Edison invented the light bulb. invent 指“发明”原本不存在的事物（电灯、电话等）。 Scientists invented a new species. Scientists discovered a new species. discover 指“发现”本来就存在但未被认识的事物（新物种、新星球）。 Columbus invented America. Columbus discovered America. 发现新大陆用 discover。 口诀：发现本来有（discover），发明从无到有（invent）。 易错点 2：study / learn 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 I learned the behaviour of ants for years. I studied the behaviour of ants for years. study 强调“深入研究、系统学习”；learn 侧重“学会、了解到”。 He studied English when he was five. He learned English when he was five. 学习语言的基础用 learn，但也可用 study，需看语境。此处“学会”更自然用 learned。 易错点 3：hardly / hard 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 He worked hardly to achieve his goal. He worked hard to achieve his goal. hard 可作副词“努力地”；hardly 是“几乎不”，表示否定。 I hard know him. I hardly know him. 几乎不认识，用 hardly。 The test was hardly. The test was hard. 困难的用 hard（形容词）。 口诀：hard 努力又困难，hardly 几乎不沾边。 易错点 4：curious / strange 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 I’m strange about the stars. I‘m curious about the stars. curious 表示“好奇的”，主动想了解；strange 表示“奇怪的”。 That’s a curious noise. That‘s a strange noise. 奇怪的声音用 strange。 易错点 5：amazed / amazing 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 I was amazing at the discovery. I was amazed at the discovery. amazed 修饰人“感到惊奇的”；amazing 修饰物“令人惊奇的”。 The fossil was amazed. The fossil was amazing. 主语是物，用 amazing。 易错点 6：still / yet / already 混用（本单元常见于描述科学现状） 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Amber is yet not fully understood. Amber is still not fully understood. 肯定句表示“仍然”用 still；yet 常用于否定句或疑问句末尾。 I have still finished my research. I have already finished my research. 已经完成用 already（肯定句）。 Have you finished still? Have you finished yet? 疑问句用 yet。 易错点 7：remain / stay 辨析 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The secret stays unsolved. The secret remains unsolved. remain 较正式，常与未解之谜等搭配；stay 更口语化。 Please remain seated. ✅ 正确 remain 表示“保持某种状态”，常用。 易错点 8：lost / missing / gone 辨析 错误示例 正确示例 解析 He lost his sight. ✅ 正确（失去视力） lose one’s sight 固定搭配。 The fossil is lost. The fossil is missing. missing 表示“失踪的、找不到的”；lost 指“丢失的”也可，但 missing 更客观。 易错点 9：field / farm / countryside 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 He did research in the farm. He did research in the field. “实地考察”用 field work，不是 farm（农场）。 I love the fresh air in the field. I love the fresh air in the countryside. 泛指乡村用 countryside。 二、短语搭配易错 易错点 10：thanks to 与 because of 语气区别 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Thanks to the heavy rain, the field work was cancelled. Because of the heavy rain, the field work was cancelled. thanks to 多用于正面原因（多亏）；若接负面原因显得讽刺或不妥。建议学生避免。 Thanks to amber, we discovered new species. ✅ 正确 正面原因，可用。 易错点 11：belong to 无被动、无进行时 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The fossil is belonged to me. The fossil belongs to me. belong to 不用于被动语态。 This amber is belonging to the museum. This amber belongs to the museum. belong to 不用于进行时。 易错点 12：carry on 后接 with 或直接接 doing 错误示例 正确示例 解析 He carried on to research. He carried on researching / carried on with his research. carry on 后接 doing 或 with + n.，不接 to do。 He carried on with his work. ✅ 正确 易错点 13：fall ill 中的 ill 不用副词 错误示例 正确示例 解析 He fell illness. He fell ill. fall ill 是固定短语，ill 是形容词。 He fell seriously ill. ✅ 正确（seriously 修饰 ill） 加副词修饰可以。 易错点 14：lose one‘s sight 中的 one’s 不可省 错误示例 正确示例 解析 He lost sight at 83. He lost his sight at 83. “失明”用 lose one‘s sight，代词不可省。 易错点 15：put effort into 中的 into 不可换 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should put more effort in research. We should put more effort into research. put effort into sth. 固定搭配。 易错点 16：a window on the past 中的介词 on 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Amber is a window of the past. Amber is a window on the past. a window on the past 是固定比喻，意为“通向过去的窗口”。 三、句型易错点 易错点 17：宾语从句（本单元语法重点）引导词 that 省略与不省略 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Scientists have discovered amber can preserve DNA. Scientists have discovered that amber can preserve DNA. 宾语从句中 that 在书面语中一般不省略，尤其在正式文体。口语中可省，但考试建议保留。 I believe that it is true. ✅ 正确 易错点 18：宾语从句时态呼应 错误示例 正确示例 解析 He said the earth moved around the sun. He said the earth moves around the sun. 客观真理用一般现在时，主句过去时也不变。 I thought he is a scientist. I thought he was a scientist. 主句过去，从句也相应过去（非真理）。 易错点 19：if/whether 引导宾语从句的区别 错误示例 正确示例 解析 I don’t know if to go or not. I don‘t know whether to go or not. whether 后可直接跟不定式，if 不能。 He asked if or not it was true. He asked whether or not it was true. whether or not 是固定搭配，不用 if。 易错点 20：the more ... the more ... 结构中的比较级形式 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The more we explore nature, the more we understand it. ✅ 正确 固定句型：the + 比较级，the + 比较级。 More we explore, more we understand. ❌ 缺少 the 两个 the 都不能省。 易错点 21：though 与 but 不能同时使用 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Though he lost his sight, but he never gave up. Though he lost his sight, he never gave up. / He lost his sight, but he never gave up. though 和 but 都是连词，不能同时出现在一个复合句中。 易错点 22：so ... that ... 与 such ... that ... 混用 错误示例 正确示例 解析 It was so an amazing discovery that everyone cheered. It was such an amazing discovery that everyone cheered. such + a/an + adj. + n.；so + adj. + a/an + n.（但前者更常用）。 The discovery was so amazing that... ✅ 正确 so + adj. + that。 易错点 23：hardly 位于句首时的倒装 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Hardly he mentioned his honours. Hardly did he mention his honours. hardly 等否定副词位于句首，句子需部分倒装。 Hardly had he arrived when it started to rain. ✅ 正确 hardly... when... 结构倒装。 易错点 24：被动语态中感官动词的用法 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The fossil was seen preserved in amber. The fossil was seen to be preserved in amber. / was seen + 现在分词？ 感官动词被动后，不定式要加 to（see sb. do → sb. is seen to do）。但 see sth. preserved 可接受，此处需具体分析。建议掌握：主动 see sb. do → 被动 sb. is seen to do。 单元写作满分范文 一、写作任务解读 单元写作方向 本单元主题为 “探索自然” ，属于“人与自然”范畴，涉及“热爱与敬畏自然，与自然和谐共生”以及“地球与宇宙探秘”等子主题内容。单元围绕“探索自然的奥秘”展开，引导学生了解自然界中的未解之谜、科学家的探索故事以及自然之美，最终能够用英语描述自然奇观或表达对自然的敬畏与保护之情。 二、写作素材（可直接背诵） （一）教材金句 以下句子选自或提炼自Unit 5课文《Secrets caught in time》《Plants for life》等，建议引导学生背诵并灵活运用： 【关于自然的奥秘】 Nature is full of secrets waiting for us to discover. 大自然充满了等待我们去发现的奥秘。 Nature is full of amazing beauty and endless secrets. 大自然处处充满了绝美风景与无穷奥秘。 Nature presents us with endless wonders. 大自然为我们呈现出无穷的奇迹。 These secrets awaken our curiosity and drive scientists to better understand the wonders around us. 这些奥秘唤醒了我们的好奇心，也促使科学家们去更好地了解周围的奇迹。 【关于琥珀与探索】 As a window on the past, amber has been much studied. However, it‘s still not fully understood. 作为一扇通往过去的窗口，琥珀已被广泛研究。然而，我们仍未完全理解它。 We should put more effort into research. Then we can use this key to unlock more secrets of nature. 我们应该投入更多精力进行研究。这样，我们就能用这把钥匙，解开更多大自然的奥秘。 Thanks to amber, more than 300 unknown species have been discovered. 多亏了琥珀，已有超过300个未知物种得以发现。 In the future, amber may also help us discover if other species have changed over time. 未来，琥珀或许还能帮助我们探究其他物种是否随着时间发生了变化。 【关于科学家探索精神】 For over 70 years, Professor Wang explored China’s plants with great passion and hard work. 70多年来，王教授以极大的热情和不懈的努力探索中国的植物。 He discovered and named about 1,370 new plant species. 他发现并命名了约1370个新植物物种。 To carry out his research, he spent years in wild mountains and forests. 为了开展研究，他在野外山林中度过了很多年。 Once, he fell seriously ill while doing field work in Yunnan. Though he nearly died, Wang never stopped his work. 有一次他在云南做田野调查时病得很重。尽管几乎丧命，他从未停止工作。 He lost sight in his right eye at the age of 83. But he didn‘t let anybody know. With a magnifier in hand, he still carried on with his research for another 10 years. 83岁时他右眼失明，但他没有告诉任何人。手持放大镜，他仍然继续研究，又坚持了10年。 He was born in the flowering season of early summer, and made plants his life. 他出生于初夏的花季，将植物视为自己毕生挚爱的事业。 His story tells us that we should be curious about nature and never stop learning. 他的故事告诉我们，应该对自然充满好奇，永不停止学习。 Though he received many honors, he hardly mentioned them. 尽管他获得了许多荣誉，但他很少提及。 【关于自然观察与感悟】 It is great fun for us to look into and explore nature. 探索自然对我们来说是极大的乐趣。 Exploring nature allows us to learn more beyond textbooks. 探索自然让我们收获课本之外的知识。 The more we explore nature, the more we understand the beauty of life. 探索自然越多，我们就越理解生命之美。 The more we explore nature, the more we respect life and the world. 越探索自然，越敬畏生命与世界。 Every small living thing has its own way of growing and living. It makes me feel peaceful and joyful. 每一个微小的生命都有其独特的生长与生活方式，这让我感到宁静与愉悦。 （二）万能写作模板 【类型一：介绍一位自然探索者】 （最常考） 开头段（介绍人物与成就）： 基础版：... is a great nature explorer. He/She is famous for... 进阶版：... is one of the most respected nature explorers in history. Born in...， he/she showed a deep love for nature from an early age. 高级版：There are many great explorers in history, but my favourite is...， whose story has deeply inspired me. 中间段（探索经历与困难）： He/She spent many years... / To carry out his/her research， he/she... Though he/she met a lot of difficulties， he/she never gave up. Once， he/she fell ill / lost...， but he/she carried on with... He/She discovered and named... / His/Her research changed old beliefs about... 结尾段（精神品质与感悟）： His/Her story tells us that we should be curious about nature and never stop exploring. We should learn from his/her hard work， passion and persistence. As Wang once said， “True success belongs to the team.” 【类型二：描写大自然的美与奥秘】 （观察感悟类） 开头段（引入主题）： Nature is full of amazing beauty and endless secrets waiting for us to discover. I love looking into nature and observing different plants and animals in my free time. 中间段（具体描写与感悟）： When I walk in the park， I can see green trees， colourful flowers and lovely little animals. I often watch plants grow and listen to the sounds of nature. Every small living thing has its own way of growing and living. Nature teaches us many lessons that we can never learn from books. 结尾段（升华主题）： The more we explore nature，the more we understand the beauty of life. Looking into nature helps me know more about the world and respect every life around us. Let's cherish nature and keep exploring its endless beauty. 【类型三：介绍自然奇观/未解之谜】 （说明类） 开头段： Have you ever heard of...？ It is one of the most amazing natural wonders in the world. Nature is full of unsolved secrets. Today， I’d like to introduce one of them. 中间段（描述奇观特点与成因）： ... is known for its special feature / amazing beauty. It is located in... It is as... as... / It can even... Scientists are still trying to find out why... / Some possible reasons include... However， this natural wonder is now facing serious problems such as climate change / pollution / deforestation. 结尾段（提出呼吁）： We should take action to protect these natural wonders before they disappear forever. Every one of us can do something to help — even a small act of kindness can make a big difference. （三）关于探索自然与环境保护的谚语与金句 Curiosity is the key to discovery. 好奇心是发现的关键。 Nature is the best teacher. 自然是最好的老师。 Respect nature， and nature will respect you. 尊重自然，自然也会尊重你。 The more you explore， the more you will find. 探索越多，发现越多。 Every living thing has a role to play. 每一种生命都有其作用。 We don‘t inherit the earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children. 地球不是我们从祖先那里继承来的，而是从子孙那里借来的。 To know nature is to love nature. 了解自然就是热爱自然。 √写作典例及思路 在中国，许多人努力奋斗使我们的国家变得更加美好。他们之中有医务人员，教育工作者，工程师，科学家。下面这两张照片是同一位科学家，一张是他年轻时在野外工作，一张是晚年仍在实验室研究。他和植物之间，有着怎样跨越70年的故事？请同学们根据所学内容，按照以下要求写一篇英文短文介绍植物学家——王文采。 注意： 1. 词数80-100，题目已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 文中不得出现真实人名、校名等信息。 Wang Wencai: A Scientist Devoted to Plants ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unit 6 Living with nature 核心单词及变形 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. live v. 生活；居住；生存 形容词：__________（活的）； __________（充满活力的） 短语：___________________（与自然共生） ___________________（过简单生活） 2. depend v. 依赖；依靠 形容词：___________________（依赖的） ___________________（独立的） 短语：___________________（依赖；取决于） 3. destroy v. 破坏；摧毁 名词：___________________（破坏） 形容词：___________________（破坏性的） 4. protect v. 保护 名词：___________________（保护） 形容词：___________________（保护的） 短语：___________________（保护环境） 5. reduce v. 减少 名词：___________________（减少） 短语：___________________（减少污染） ___________________（减少浪费） 6. recycle /v. 回收利用 名词：___________________（回收） 形容词：___________________（可回收的） 7. reuse v. 重复使用 名词：___________________（重复使用） 8. waste v. 浪费 n. 垃圾；浪费 形容词：___________________（浪费的） 短语：___________________（浪费水） ___________________（浪费时间） 9. pollute v. 污染 名词：___________________（污染） 形容词：___________________（被污染的） 10. harm v. & n. 伤害；损害 形容词：___________________（有害的） ___________________（无害的） 短语：___________________（对……有害） 11. balance v. 使平衡 n. 平衡 短语：___________________（保持自然平衡） 12. treat v. 对待；治疗 短语：___________________（尊重地对待自然） 名词：___________________（对待；治疗） 13. appreciate v. 欣赏；感激 名词：___________________（欣赏；感激） 14. nature n. 大自然；自然界 形容词：___________________（自然的） 短语：___________________（自然之美） ___________________（与自然和谐） 15. harmony n. 和谐；融洽 形容词：___________________（和谐的） 16. environment n. 环境 形容词：___________________（环境的） 17. countryside n. 乡村；农村 18. pollution n. 污染 动词：___________________ 19. waste n. 垃圾；浪费（见动词部分） 20. ___________________ n. 野生动物；野生生物 21. balance n. 平衡 短语：___________________（自然平衡） 22. resource n. 资源 短语：___________________（自然资源） 23. lifestyle n. 生活方式 短语：___________________（简单的生活方式） 24. ___________________ n. 小河；溪流 25. hill n. 小山；山丘 26. ___________________ n. 森林 短语：___________________（雨林） 27. fresh air n. 新鲜空气 28. crop n. 农作物；庄稼 短语：___________________（种植庄稼） 29. sunrise n. 日出 反义词：___________________（日落） 30. sunset n. 日落 31. natural adj. 自然的；天然的 副词：___________________（自然地） 名词：nature 32. ___________________ adj. 和谐的 名词：___________________ 33. environmental adj. 环境的 副词：___________________（环保地） 34. simple adj. 简单的；朴素的 副词：___________________（简单地） 短语：___________________（简朴的生活） 35. peaceful adj. 和平的；宁静的 名词：___________________（和平） 短语：___________________（宁静的村庄） 36. fresh adj. 新鲜的 37. clear adj. 清澈的；清晰的 动词：___________________（清理） 短语：___________________（清澈的水） 38. quiet adj. 安静的；宁静的 副词：___________________（安静地） 名词：quiet（宁静） 39. harmful adj. 有害的 反义词：___________________（无害的） 短语：___________________（对……有害） 40. sustainable adj. 可持续的 短语：___________________（可持续发展） 41. ___________________ adv. 自然地 42. simply adv. 简单地；仅仅 形容词：___________________ 43. peacefully adv. 和平地；宁静地 形容词：___________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 重点短语 1. ____________ 与大自然共生 2. ____________ 与...保持密切关系；和...关系密切 3. ____________ 在A和B之间 4. ____________ 欣赏自然 5. ____________ 利用自然资源 6. ____________ 改造自然 7. ____________ 活泼的鸟 8. ____________ 婉转地唱歌 9. ____________ 匆忙去某地 10. ____________ 赶快 11. ____________ 把某物送到某地 12. ____________ 忙于做某事 13. ____________ 捡起；拾起；（开车）接载（某人） 14. ____________ .....中的一个 15. ____________ …中最..的..之一 16. ____________ 长大 17. ____________ 在乡下；在农村 18. ____________ .....中的大多数 19. ____________ 打算做某事 20. ____________ 意味着做某事 21. ____________ .....和...都 22. ____________ 在特定的时间；在某些时候 23. ____________ 即将做某事；准备好做某事 24. ____________ 渴望做某事 25. ____________ 如此..以至于... 26. ____________ 对...感兴趣 27. ____________ 几百；成百上千；许多；大量 28. ____________ 离开；远离 29. ____________ 与...保持亲近；靠近... 30. ____________ 被称为...；作为....而闻名 31. ____________ 因..而闻名 32. ____________ 例如 33. ____________ 例如 34. ____________ 即使 35. ____________ 对...感到好奇 36. ____________ 确定；肯定；确信 37. ____________ 在海上 38. ____________ 自然规律 39. ____________ 据...所示，按...所说 40. ____________ 对...有益；对...有好处 41. ____________ 对...有害 42. ____________ 阅读材料 43. ____________ 要求某人做某事 44. ____________ 做出选择 45. ____________ 花费时间/金钱做某事 46. ____________ 能够做某事 47. ____________ 烹饪食物 48. ____________ 给手机充电 49. ____________ 看起来像 50. ____________ 在沙漠里 51. ____________ 多少... 52. ____________ 每年 53. ____________ 像；像...一样；长得像 54. ____________ 在...的东部(A在B内部) 55. ____________ 在...的东部（不接壤） 56. ____________ 在...的东部（接壤） 57. ____________ 在仲夏 58. ____________ 如此…的一个... 59. ____________ 位于；平躺(lay,lain,lying) 60. ____________ 躺下 61. ____________ 撒谎(lied, lied, lying) 62. ____________ 对某人说谎 63. ____________ 产卵；放置(laid, laid, laying) 64. ____________ 多于；超过 65. ____________ 100米深 66. ____________ 落入；陷入 67. ____________ 与...一样长；只要 68. ____________ 由于；幸亏 69. ____________ 难怪 70. ____________ 解决问题 71. ____________ 食物/住房/用水短缺 72. ____________ 发挥重要作用 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 必背句型 描写芒种农耕场景的句子： 1.It was early one morning of Grain in Ear. Lively birds sang sweetly in the trees. Villagers _________________. 那是芒种的一个清晨。活泼的鸟儿在树上婉转歌唱，村民们匆匆赶往田间。 2.Under the blue sky, _____________________. The wind blew, sending sweet smells into the air. 蓝天之下，金色的田野像太阳一样闪闪发光。风吹过，空气中弥漫着清甜的气息。 3.__________________________. Children raced behind to pick up the ears. 大人们忙着收割小麦，孩子们跟在后面捡拾麦穗。描述二十四节气的句子： 4.This is ___________________________. I grew up in the countryside of Shandong Province. Most of the villagers there lived by farming. 这是我童年最美好的回忆之一。我在山东的农村长大，那里的大多数村民都以务农为生。 5.The 24 Solar Terms meant so much to them. ______________________ guided both their farming activities and daily lives. 二十四节气对他们来说意义非凡。节气的变化指导着他们的农事活动和日常生活。 6.The terms helped them understand why things happened_______________, and how they should react. 节气帮助他们理解为什么事情会在特定的时间发生，以及他们该如何应对。 7.When I _____________and left my hometown, the 24 Solar Terms followed me. I always ______________ when a new term is set to begin. I longed to share these feelings in my paintings and poems. 当我长大离开家乡后，二十四节气依然伴随着我。每当一个新的节气即将到来时，我总是感到兴奋。我渴望在自己的画作和诗歌中分享这些感受。 描述年轻人重新关注智慧的句子： 8.I________________ many people, especially the young, are taking a new interest in the ancient wisdom. 我很高兴看到很多人，尤其是年轻人，对这份古老的智慧产生了新的兴趣。 9.Now people may be _____________________ farming. However, the ancient way of dividing time stays close to our hearts. 如今，人们或许正在远离农耕，但这种古老的计时方式依然深深扎根在我们心中。 10.The 24 Solar Terms _______________ the “Fifth Great Invention of China”. They help people understand why nature works this way. 二十四节气被誉为“中国的第五大发明”。它们帮助人们理解自然为何如此运转。 11.Many of the 24 Solar Terms bear social and cultural meanings, too. People celebrate their arrival with traditional activities. 许多节气也承载着社会和文化意义，人们会用传统活动来庆祝它们的到来。 12.The ancient calendar ______________________ from the life of the Chinese. 这部古老的历法从未从中国人的生活中消失。 13.You probably remember the Flaming Mountains ________________. But do you know where the real Flaming Mountains are? 你可能在《西游记》里记得火焰山。但你知道真正的火焰山在哪里吗？ 13. It‘s known as ____________________________. The desert sand can be as hot as 80°C in mid-summer. 它被誉为世界上最热的地区之一。仲夏时节沙漠的沙子温度可达80摄氏度。 14. How do people survive in such a terrible climate? The secret ____________ the ancient karez system. 人们如何在如此恶劣的气候下生存？秘密就在于古老的坎儿井系统中。 16._________________ the karez system, people can grow plants for food in this difficult environment. 多亏了坎儿井系统，人们可以在这种困难的环境中种植农作物作为食物。 17.The karez system still _________________. Now, more and more young people are taking action to protect it. 坎儿井系统仍然发挥着重要的作用。现在，越来越多的年轻人正在采取行动保护它。 单元易错点归纳 一、词汇易混辨析 易错点 1：nature / natural / naturally 词性混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should protect natural. We should protect nature. nature 是名词，作保护的对象；natural 是形容词，不能作宾语。 The park looks nature. The park looks natural. 系动词 look 后接形容词作表语，用 natural。 She sings natural. She sings naturally. 修饰动词用副词 naturally。 易错点 2：live / life / alive / living 混用 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should life in harmony with nature. We should live in harmony with nature. live 是动词“生活”；life 是名词“生命/生活”。 I saw a living fish on the plate. I saw a live fish on the plate. live (adj. /laɪv/) 指“活的”；living 也可指“活着的”，但 live 更常用于动物。 The old man is still lively. The old man is still alive. alive 指“活着的”；lively 指“充满活力的”。 易错点 3：countryside / village / country 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 I live in a small countryside. I live in a small village. countryside 是抽象概念“乡村地区”，不能与 a small 连用；village 是具体村庄。 My grandparents live in the country. My grandparents live in the countryside. country 作“乡村”时与 countryside 同义，但 country 还有“国家”义，易歧义。建议用 countryside 明确表示乡村。 易错点 4：harmful / harmless 意义相反 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Plastic bags are harmless to the environment. Plastic bags are harmful to the environment. harmful 有害的；harmless 无害的。意义完全相反。 提示：后缀 -ful 表“充满”，-less 表“无”。类似词：helpful / helpless, careful / careless。 易错点 5：reduce / decrease 搭配不同 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should decrease pollution. We should reduce pollution. reduce 更常用于人为减少污染、浪费等；decrease 侧重数量、数值的下降，作及物动词略生硬。 The population reduced by 10%. The population decreased by 10%. 描述自然下降时 decrease 更常见。 易错点 6：protect / prevent 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should prevent the environment. We should protect the environment. protect 保护（某物不受伤害）；prevent 阻止（某事发生），后常接 from doing。 We should protect people from cutting trees. We should prevent people from cutting trees. “阻止人们砍树”用 prevent from。 易错点 7：waste 作名词的可数性 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Don’t throw wastes everywhere. Don‘t throw waste everywhere. waste 作“垃圾、废物”解时为不可数名词。 It’s a waste of time. ✅ 正确 waste 作“浪费”解时，可与 a 连用：a waste of time/money。 二、短语搭配易错 易错点 8：depend on 中的介词 on 不可省略 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We depend nature for everything. We depend on nature for everything. depend 是不及物动词，必须加 on/upon。 It depends the weather. It depends on the weather. 同上。 拓展：dependent on / independent of 也需注意介词搭配。 易错点 9：live in harmony with 中的介词 with 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should live in harmony to nature. We should live in harmony with nature. 固定搭配：in harmony with。 We should live harmoniously with nature. ✅ 正确 也可用副词 harmoniously + with。 易错点 10：be harmful to 误用介词 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Smoking is harmful for your health. Smoking is harmful to your health. 固定搭配：be harmful to。 同理：be harmful to the environment ✅ 正确 易错点 11：protect ... from 中的 from 易漏 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should protect trees cutting down. We should protect trees from being cut down. protect ... from ... 表示“保护……免受……”。from 不可省略。 易错点 12：make a difference 中的冠词 a 易漏 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Even small acts can make difference. Even small acts can make a difference. make a difference 是固定短语，a 不可省略。 It makes no difference. ✅ 正确 否定或疑问时可说 make no difference / any difference。 易错点 13：thanks to 与 because of 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Thanks to the heavy rain, the game was cancelled. Because of the heavy rain, the game was cancelled. thanks to 多用于正面原因（幸亏）；because of 中性。但因口语中混用，建议学生避免 thanks to 接负面原因。 三、句型易错点 易错点 14：the + 形容词 表示一类事物时的主谓一致 错误示例 正确示例 解析 The poor is helped by the government. The poor are helped by the government. the + 形容词 表一类人，谓语用复数。 The new is always not welcome. The new is always not welcome. 但 the new 若指抽象概念“新事物”，谓语用单数。需根据语境判断。 易错点 15：It is + adj. + for sb. to do 与 of sb. 的误用 错误示例 正确示例 解析 It is important of us to protect nature. It is important for us to protect nature. important 等描述事物性质的形容词用 for sb.。 It is kind for you to help me. It is kind of you to help me. kind, nice, clever 等描述人的品质时用 of sb.。 易错点 16：not only ... but also ... 的主谓一致 错误示例 正确示例 解析 Not only the air but also the water are polluted. Not only the air but also the water is polluted. 遵循“就近原则”，谓语与 but also 后的主语一致。 Not only you but also I are going. Not only you but also I am going. I 是主语，用 am。 易错点 17：more and more + 名词 与 比较级 and 比较级 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 More and more people are protecting the environment. ✅ 正确 more and more + 名词 表示“越来越多的人/物”。 The weather is getting hot and hot. The weather is getting hotter and hotter. 形容词比较级重复用 and 连接，不能直接用原级。 易错点 18：so that 与 so ... that 混淆 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We should recycle paper so that reduce waste. We should recycle paper so as to reduce waste. so that 引导目的状语从句，从句需有主语和情态动词。 We should recycle paper so that we can reduce waste. ✅ 正确 The air is so fresh that I want to stay here. ✅ 正确 so ... that ... 引导结果状语从句。 易错点 19：It takes / spends / costs 的误用 本单元可能涉及描述“做某事需要时间/资源”，学生易混。 错误示例 正确示例 解析 It spends a long time to protect the forest. It takes a long time to protect the forest. It takes + 时间 + to do sth. 是固定句型。 I cost two hours cleaning the park. I spent two hours cleaning the park. 人作主语用 spend。 易错点 20：because 与 because of 混用 错误示例 正确示例 解析 We stayed inside because of it rained. We stayed inside because it rained. because of 后接名词或代词；because 后接从句。 We stayed inside because of the rain. ✅ 正确 单元写作满分范文 一、写作任务解读 单元写作方向 本单元主题为 “与自然共生” ，属于“人与自然”范畴，涉及“热爱与敬畏自然，与自然和谐共生”以及“环境保护与可持续发展”等子主题内容。单元围绕“人类如何与自然相处”展开，引导学生思考自然美景、传统生活方式、生态保护以及人类活动对自然的影响，最终能够用英语描述自然景观、表达对自然的情感或提出与自然和谐相处的建议。 二、写作素材（可直接背诵） （一）教材金句 【描述自然之美】 Nature is our greatest treasure. We should live in harmony with it. 大自然是我们最宝贵的财富。我们应该与它和谐共处。 The air is so fresh and the sky is so blue. Everything is quiet and peaceful. 空气如此清新，天空如此湛蓝。一切都宁静而平和。 In the countryside, you can hear the birds singing and the wind blowing through the trees. 在乡村，你可以听到鸟儿歌唱、风吹过树林的声音。 The green hills, the clear rivers and the colourful flowers make the countryside a wonderful place to live. 青山、清澈的河流和五颜六色的花朵让乡村成为一个宜居的美妙地方。 Every morning, I am woken up by the gentle sunshine and the songs of birds. 每天早晨，我被柔和的阳光和鸟儿的歌声唤醒。 【描述人与自然的关系】 People have lived in harmony with nature for thousands of years. 数千年来，人类与自然和谐共存。 We depend on nature for food, water, air and almost everything we need. 我们依赖自然获取食物、水、空气以及几乎所有我们需要的东西。 If we destroy nature, we are destroying our own home. 如果我们破坏自然，就是在破坏我们自己的家园。 Living with nature brings us peace and joy. It reminds us to slow down and appreciate the simple things in life. 与自然共生带给我们平静与快乐。它提醒我们放慢脚步，欣赏生活中简单的事物。 A small act of kindness to nature — like planting a tree or saving water — can make a big difference. 对自然的一个小小的善举——比如种一棵树或节约用水——都能带来巨大的改变。 【提出保护自然的建议】 We should stop cutting down forests and start planting more trees. 我们应该停止砍伐森林，开始种植更多的树木。 It is important to reduce, reuse and recycle. 减少、再利用和回收是非常重要的。 Everyone can play a part in protecting the environment. 每个人都能在保护环境中发挥作用。 Let‘s take action before it is too late. 让我们趁还来得及的时候采取行动。 （二）万能写作模板 【类型一：描述一个自然景观/乡村】 开头段（引出地点）： 基础版：My favourite natural place is ... It is located in... 进阶版：If you ask me which place I like best, I will say ... It is a beautiful village / natural park that I will never forget. 高级版：Tucked away in the mountains lies a small village called ... It is a place where time seems to slow down, and nature greets you at every turn. 中间段（描述景物与感受）： When I first arrived, I was amazed by the ... (green hills / clear river / fresh air). The sky is so blue and the clouds are so white. The air smells of flowers and grass. I could hear the sound of ... (running water / birds singing / leaves rustling). Walking along the path, I felt completely relaxed and far away from the noise of the city. The villagers live a simple life. They grow their own food and respect nature. 结尾段（感悟与呼吁）： This place taught me to value nature and live a simpler, happier life. I hope more people can come to experience the beauty of nature and learn to protect it. Living with nature makes us healthier and happier. Let’s cherish every drop of water, every leaf and every living thing. 【类型二：记叙一次亲近自然的经历】 开头段（引入经历）： Last weekend, I went to the countryside with my family. It was an unforgettable experience. I still remember the day I spent in my grandpa‘s village. It opened my eyes to the beauty of nature. 中间段（按时间顺序叙述）： In the morning, we walked through the fields. The sun was shining and the air was fresh. At noon, we had a picnic by the river. The water was so clear that I could see small fish swimming. In the afternoon, I helped my grandpa water the vegetables. I learned that hard work brings happiness. In the evening, we sat in the yard and watched the stars. I had never seen such a beautiful sky. 结尾段（感悟）： That day, I fell in love with nature. I realized that we don’t need expensive things to be happy. Sometimes, the simplest life is the richest. I promised myself to protect nature so that our children can also enjoy its beauty. 【类型三：议论文——如何与自然和谐共处】 开头段（引出观点）： Nature is our home. Without nature, we cannot survive. So we must learn to live in harmony with it. Some people think that nature is there for us to use. I believe we should respect nature and protect it. 中间段（分点论述）： First, we should reduce pollution. We can take public transport, save electricity and avoid using plastic bags. Second, we should protect wildlife. Animals and plants are part of nature. If they disappear, the balance of nature will be broken. Finally, we should educate more people about the importance of environmental protection. 结尾段（总结与呼吁）： In short, living with nature is not a choice but a necessity. Let’s start from small things — turn off the lights when not in use, plant a tree in spring, and say no to single-use plastics. Together, we can make a difference. （三）关于自然与环保的谚语与金句 We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children. 地球不是我们从祖先那里继承来的，而是从子孙那里借来的。 The best time to plant a tree was 20 years ago. The second best time is now. 种树最好的时间是20年前，其次就是现在。 Nature provides enough for everyone’s need, but not for everyone‘s greed. 自然能满足每个人的需要，但满足不了每个人的贪欲。 What we are doing to the forests of the world is but a mirror reflection of what we are doing to ourselves.我们对世界森林所做的一切，不过是我们对自己所做一切的镜像反映。 Take nothing but pictures, leave nothing but footprints.除了照片什么都别带走，除了脚印什么都别留下。 Water and air, the two essential fluids on which all life depends, have become global garbage cans.水和空气——所有生命依赖的两种基本流体——已变成全球性的垃圾箱。 √写作典例及思路 人与自然和谐共处是人类的共同追求。请以“Living in Harmony with Nature”为题，写一篇英语短文，谈谈我们应该如何与自然和谐相处。要求： 1. 内容包括：自然对人类的重要性、人类与自然和谐共处的例子 (如二十四节气、坎儿井等) 以及我们可以做的事； 2. 词数80~100左右； 3. 语句通顺，语法正确，条理清晰。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $