Unit 2 Amazing China 语法篇（现在完成时II&和for, since连用的动词）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册导练测同步（译林版2024）

Unit 2 Amazing China 语法篇 (现在完成时II&和for, since连用的动词) (满分50分，答题时间45分钟) 一、单项选择(每题1分，满分30分) 1. —Where is your father? —He ________ to Shanghai. He will be back in two days. A. has gone B. has been C. goes D. went 2. My parents ________ to Beijing twice. They like the city very much. A. have been B. have gone C. went D. will go 3. —Are you a basketball player at your school? —Yes. I ________ the team 3 years ago. I ________ on it for 3 years. A. joined, was B. have joined, have C. joined, have been D. have joined, have been 4. The astronauts ________ out many experiments since they entered the space station. A. are carrying B. carried C. will carry D. have carried 5. The Shanghai Disneyland ________ millions of visitors since it opened. A. attracted B. has attracted C. attracts D. will attract 6. —Will you go to the Science Museum with us? —No, thanks. I ________ it twice. A. visit B. will visit C. visited D. have visited 7. —Mum, I ________ the living room already. —Good job! It is so tidy now. A. have cleaned B. will clean C. am cleaning D. clean 8. —How long ________ you ________ a cold? —For three days. I need to see a doctor. A. do, have B. have, had C. did, have D. have, been having 9. It ________ a tradition for Chinese people ________ dumplings during the Spring Festival since the Han Dynasty. A. was, to eat B. has been, to eat C. was, eating D. has been, eating 10. Tom’s grandfather ________ for two months and Tom still ________ him very much now. A. has died, has missed B. has been dead, has missed C. has died, misses D. has been dead, misses 11. —Could I have a look at your new bicycle? —Sorry. I ________ it to Alice. She ________ to borrow it this morning. A. have lent, will come B. lent, will come C. lend, came D. have lent, came 12. — ________ you ________ your homework yet? —Yes. I ________ it a moment ago. A. Did, do, finished B. Have, done, finished C. Have, done, have finished D. will, do, finish 13. My sister Helen________ traditional Chinese painting online since last year. A. learns B. learned C. will learn D. has learned 14. Since we ________ the volunteer programme last month, we ________ more than 200 volunteers. A. have started, had B. started, have C. have started, have D. started, have had 15. —Our gas ________. How far are we from there? —Don’t worry. There are only a few kilometers to go. A. is run out B. has run out C. is run out of D. is running out 16. We ________ on the countryside road when a sudden storm hit, so we made our way back. A. jogged B. were jogging C. have jogged D. will jog 17. —Let’s go home to watch the football match. —Oh, it’s too late. The match ________ for half an hour. And the result was 1-0. A. has finished B. has begun C. has been on D. has been over 18. Mike used to be a top student, but he _______ behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been 19. I ________ home for a week up to now. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned D. returning 20. In recent years, there ________ an increase in the number of traffic accidents. A. have been B. has been C. had been D. are 21. —When did Uncle John ________ Aunt Alice? —At the end of the year 2014. They ________ for over ten years. A. marry with, have married B. marry with, got married C. marry, have been married D. marry, married 22. The twins have studied in this school ________. A. two years ago B. since two years ago C. in two years D. two years later 23. —Hello, Lisa. What’s the matter?   —I _______ find my mobile phone. _______ you seen it? A. couldn’t, Did B. can’t, Have C. need, Had D. must, Are 24. —Nice to meet you. I ________ you for a long time. —I ________ in Beijing. I’ve just come back. A. will see, am B. haven’t seen, was C. didn’t see, will be D. haven’t seen, am 25. The cinema ________ at six. The film ________ for half an hour. A. opened, has been open B. was open, has been on C. opened, has been on D. was open, has been open 26. It ________ ten years since we last ________ in Beijing. A. was, met B. has been, met C. has been, meet D. is, meet 27. —Elsa, is it possible for you to come tomorrow?   —Sorry, I ________ a trip to Shanghai with my husband. A. planned B. was planning C. have planned D. will plan 28. In the past 40 years, Zhang Guimei ________ many girls from poor areas in Yunnan. A. helped B. is helping C. has helped D. will help 29. —Beibei, is Mr. Chen in the office? —No. He ________ for half an hour. A. left B. has left C. has been away D. leaves 30. —How long ________ you ________ about the cultural traditions of Mexico? —For two weeks. I’m preparing for a trip there. A. do, learn B. will, learn C. did, learn D. have, learned 二、改为同义句(每题2分，满分20分) 1. She has learned English for three years. She has learned English ________________________. 2. Kitty came to Nanjing two days ago. Kitty ________________ Nanjing for two days. 3. He has known about the Grand Canyon since he was ten. He first _________ about the Grand Canyon ________ he was ten. 4. My father got back the day before yesterday. My father _____________ for two days. 5. Sunshine Town has changed a lot over the years. A lot of changes ________________ in Sunshine Town over the years. 6. We got to know each other 3 years ago. We ________________________ since 3 years ago. 7. Three years has passed since we last saw each other. It ____________ three years since we last saw each other. 8. It is ten minutes since he got up, and now he is preparing breakfast. He _____________________ for ten minutes and is now preparing breakfast. 9. Sarah became a fan of American country music three years ago. Sarah ____________ a fan of American country music since three years ago. 10. Mr. Green borrowed the book two weeks ago. Mr. Green _________________ the book for two weeks 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Amazing China 语法篇 现在完成时II&和for, since连用的动词 关于“现在完成时(Ⅱ)”语法内容，教材如是说： have/has been和have/has gone的用法 ◆我们用have/has been表示某人曾经去过某地，并且已经回来。如： He has been to the Palace Museum twice.他曾经去过故宫博物院两次。 —Have you ever been to Xian?你去过西安吗? —No. I have never been there. But I plan to go this year. 不，我从来没去过，不过我打算今年去。 ◆我们用have/has gone表示某人已经去了某地，但还没回来。如： He has gone to London. He will be back in two weeks. 他已经去伦敦了。他将在两周后回来。 —Is Tom at home?汤姆在家吗? —No,he isn’t. He has gone to the cinema.不在。他去看电影了。 关于“和for或since连用的动词”语法内容，教材如是说： ◆现在完成时常和for或since引导的表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如： He has been away from China for two years.他离开中国已有两年了。 He has lived in Nanjing since 2020.自2020年以来，他一直住在南京。 注意：在现在完成时中，如果出现表示一段时间的状语，我们要用延续性动词，而不能用短暂性动词。下面是一些常用的短暂性动词和延续性动词： 短暂性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时构成 leave be away have been away buy have have had open be open have been open close be closed have been closed borrow keep have kept finish be over have been over 一、have/has been和have/has gone的用法比较 结构 相同点 不同点 例句 have/has been 都用于现在完成时 表示某人去了某地并且已经回来的意思。它指的是一种经历。常与ever, never, once, twice, many times, so far, before等等连用。 Jenny, you know a lot about Beijing. Have you ever been there? Jenny，你对北京很了解。你去过那里吗？ The Palace Museum has been open to the public since 1925, but I have never been there so far.故宫博物院自1925年以来一直向公众开放，但我至今从未去过那里。 —What’s the best park in the city?城里最好的公园是哪个？ —Of course, East Lake Park. I went there last week, and I have been there many times. 当然是东湖公园。我上周去了那里，而且我已经去过很多次了。 I’ll go on vacation to Hainan Island although I have been there before.我将去海南岛度假，尽管我以前去过那。 have/has gone 表示某人去了某地但还没有回来(可能在去某地途中或到了某地，也可能在回来的路上)。 His uncle has gone there to work and he won’t be back until next month.他的叔叔去那里工作了，要到下个月才回来。 have/has been to 都可以+地点名词 但，当接abroad， home, here, there等地点副词时，不能再有介词 to，直接用have/has gone abroad/ home/here/there。 见上面的表述 —Have you ever been to Shanghai?你去过上海吗？ —Yes, I have already been there several times.是的，我已经去过好几次了。 —Where is Jack?杰克在哪里？ —He has gone to the hospital. 他去医院了。 Mr. Green has gone abroad. You can’t see him here.格林先 生出国了。你不可能在这里看 到他。 His brother has gone home. 他哥哥已经回家了。 have/has gone to 二、have/has been in+地点名词+时间段的用法详解 结构 用法+注意点 例句 have/has been in +地点名词+时间段 若地点是abroad, home, here, there等地点副词，不能再有介词in，直接用have/has been abroad/home/ here/there+时间 段。 核心含义是“在某地持续停留了一段时间”，核心强调“持续的状态”，且这个状态会一直延续到现在，即主语当前仍然在该地点。其中“时间段”是该结构的必备成分，不可或缺，常见的时间段表达有 for three days, for half a month, for a long time, since last month, since 2023等等。 They have been in Guangzhou for six years.他们在广州待了六年了。(现在仍在广州) He has been in the classroom since this morning.他从今天早上就在教室里了。(现在还在) We have been here since 9 o’clock.我们从9点就在这儿了。 Can you imagine how much I want to see my daughter again? She has been abroad for 3 years.你能想象我有多想再见到我女儿吗？她出国已经3年了。 三、“和for或since连用的动词”的用法详解 1. for和since的用法 与现在完成时连用 相同点 不同点 例句 for 1.肯定句中与延续性动词连用； 2.否定句中动词既可以用延续性动词，也可以用非延续性动词。 for+时间段 I have studied traditional Chinese medicine for two years我学习中医已经两年了。 I haven’t seen you for a long time.我很长时间没见到你了。 Cathy and Amy haven’t been back to their hometown for two years. Cathy and Amy已经两年没有回他们的家乡了。 since +时间点 since +段时间+ago +从句(过去时) He went to Beijing two years ago and has lived there since then.他两年前去了北京，从那时起就一直住在那里。 Mr. Brown has taught us English for two years. He has been here since two years ago. 布朗先生教我们英语已经两年了。他从两年前就一直在这里。 He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。 注意：回答“how long”的提问 1. —What a lovely dog! How long have you had it? —For one week. My aunt gave it to me as a gift last week. “多可爱的狗啊！你养它多久了？”“一周了。我姑姑上周把它作为礼物送给了我。” 2. — How long has the movie been on?   — Since 3 o’clock. “这部电影上映多久了？”“从三点钟开始的。” 2. 短暂性动词向延续性动词的转换 短暂性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时构成 例句 begin/start be on have/has been on When will they arrive? The meeting has been on for 10 minutes.他们什么时候到？会议已经进行了10分钟。 Our class meeting has been on since 2 o’clock.我们的班会从两点就开始了。 borrow keep have/has kept I have kept this book for two weeks. 这本书我借了两周了 buy have have/has had My father has had this car for five years.我爸爸买这辆车已经五年了。 close be closed have/has been closed The library has been closed for three days.图书馆已经闭馆三天了。 come/go/arrive be in/at have/has been in/at He has been in Beijing for a month. 他来北京已经一个月了。 My sister has been at the park since this morning.我妹妹从早上就在公园了。 die be dead have/has been dead His grandpa has been dead for ten years.他的爷爷已经去世十年了。 finish be over have/has been over The exam has been over for half an hour.考试已经结束半小时了。 join be in be a member of have/has been in have/has been a member of He has been in the football club for two years.他加入足球俱乐部已经两年了。 My brother has been in the army for three years.我哥哥已经参军三年了。 My mother has been a member of the art club since 2023.我妈妈从 2023 年就是美术俱乐部的一员了。 leave be away(from) have/has been away(from) When Henry arrives at the bus stop, the bus has been away for two hours. 当亨利到达公交车站时，公交车已经离开两个小时了。She has been away from Shanghai since last month.她从上个月就离开上海了。 marry be married have/has been married My parents have been married for twenty years.我的父母结婚已经二十年了。 open be open have/has been open The supermarket has been open since 8 a.m.这家超市从早上八点就开门了。 return/come back be back have/has been back The panda Fubao has been back from Korea since April 3rd.熊猫福宝自4月3日以后从韩国回来了。 catch a cold have/has a cold have/has had a cold He has had a cold for three days.他感冒已经三天了。 fall asleep be asleep have/has been asleep The baby has been asleep for an hour. 宝宝已经睡了一个小时了。 fall behind be behind have/has been behind Mike was once a top student, but he has been behind since he lost himself in computer games.迈克过去是一名尖子生。但是自从他沉迷于电脑游戏后，他落后了。 fall ill be ill have/has been ill My grandma has been ill for a week. 我奶奶生病已经一周了。 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Amazing China 语法篇 (现在完成时II&和for, since连用的动词) (满分50分，答题时间45分钟) 一、单项选择(每题1分，满分30分) 1. —Where is your father? —He ________ to Shanghai. He will be back in two days. A. has gone B. has been C. goes D. went 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“你父亲在哪里?”“他去上海了。他两天后回来。”has gone去了，未归；has been去过，已回；goes一般现在时；went一般过去时。根据“He will be back in two days.”可知，他两天后回来，从而推测父亲目前仍在上海没回来，强调“去而未返”应用“has gone to”，故选A。 2. My parents ________ to Beijing twice. They like the city very much. A. have been B. have gone C. went D. will go 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我的父母去过北京两次。他们非常喜欢这座城市。根据句子中的“twice”和“They like the city very much.”可知，句子描述过去的经历对现在的影响，强调父母曾经去过北京并留下正面印象。“have been to”表示“曾经去过”，强调经历且人已返回；“have gone to”表示“已经去了”，强调人现在还未回来；“went”为一般过去时，只表示过去动作，不强调经历；“will go”为将来时，与过去时间“twice”矛盾，故选A。 3. —Are you a basketball player at your school? —Yes. I ________ the team 3 years ago. I ________ on it for 3 years. A. joined, was B. have joined, have C. joined, have been D. have joined, have been 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“你是你们学校的篮球运动员吗？”“是的。我三年前加入了这支球队。我在球队中已经三年了。”根据“3 years ago”可知，这是表示过去的时间点，所以应该用一般过去时，第一个空用动词用过去式“joined”；“for 3 years”表示一段时间，常与现在完成时连用，且动词需要用延续性动词，“have been”符合，故选C。 4. The astronauts ________ out many experiments since they entered the space station. A. are carrying B. carried C. will carry D. have carried 【答案】D 【解析】句意：自从宇航员进入空间站以来，他们已经进行了许多实验。are carrying现在进行时；carried一般过去时；will carry一般将来时；have carried现在完成时。根据时间状语“since they entered the space station”可知，主句应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，故选D。 5. The Shanghai Disneyland ________ millions of visitors since it opened. A. attracted B. has attracted C. attracts D. will attract 【答案】B 【解析】句意：上海迪士尼乐园自开业以来已经吸引了数百万游客。句中的“since it opened”表示“自从它开业以来”，强调从过去持续到现在的动作或影响，时态需用现在完成时。主句需用现在完成时“has/have + 过去分词”，主语“The Shanghai Disneyland”为单数，故用“has attracted”，故选B。 6. —Will you go to the Science Museum with us? —No, thanks. I ________ it twice. A. visit B. will visit C. visited D. have visited 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“你要和我们一起去科学博物馆吗？”“不，谢谢。我已经去过两次了。”visit参观；will visit将参观；visited参观过；have visited已经参观过。根据“twice”可知，此处表示已经去过两次，应用现在完成时，故选D。 7. —Mum, I ________ the living room already. —Good job! It is so tidy now. A. have cleaned B. will clean C. am cleaning D. clean 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“妈妈，我已经打扫了客厅。”“干得好！现在很整洁。”根据“already”以及“It is so tidy now.”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have/has done，故选A。 8. —How long ________ you ________ a cold? —For three days. I need to see a doctor. A. do, have B. have, had C. did, have D. have, been having 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“你感冒多久了？”“三天了。我需要去看医生。”根据答语“For three days.”可知，感冒持续了三天，强调从过去持续到现在的状态，应用现在完成时，故选B。 9. It ________ a tradition for Chinese people ________ dumplings during the Spring Festival since the Han Dynasty. A. was, to eat B. has been, to eat C. was, eating D. has been, eating 【答案】B 【解析】句意：自从汉朝以来，吃饺子已经成为中国人春节的一个传统。根据时间状语“since the Han Dynasty”可知，动作从汉朝持续到现在，应用现在完成时，排除A和C。句型“It is/was/has been…for sb. to do sth.”表示“对某人来说做某事是……”，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语，因此第二空应填to eat，故选B。 10. Tom’s grandfather ________ for two months and Tom still ________ him very much now. A. has died, has missed B. has been dead, has missed C. has died, misses D. has been dead, misses 【答案】D 【解析】句意：汤姆的爷爷已经去世两个月了，汤姆现在仍然非常想念他。根据“for two months”可知，动作或状态持续了两个月，需用延续性动词，die“死亡”是瞬间动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，因此第一空填has been dead表示状态。第二空由“now”可知，表示现在仍然想念，需用一般现在时，主语是“Tom”，填misses，故选D。 11. —Could I have a look at your new bicycle? —Sorry. I ________ it to Alice. She ________ to borrow it this morning. A. have lent, will come B. lent, will come C. lend, came D. have lent, came 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“我可以看看你的新自行车吗？”“对不起。我已经把它借给爱丽丝了。她今天早上来借的。”根据“Sorry. I...it to Alice.”可知，自行车已经借出去了，应用现在完成时have lent；根据“this morning”可知，她今天早上来借的，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式came，故选D。 12. — ________ you ________ your homework yet? —Yes. I ________ it a moment ago. A. Did, do, finished B. Have, done, finished C. Have, done, have finished D. will, do, finish 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“你已经做完作业了吗？”“是的，我刚刚做完了。”第一空，根据yet可知，问句应用现在完成时，结构为“Have/Has+主语+过去分词”，主语为you，故助动词用Have；第二空，需填do的过去分词done；第三空，根据a moment ago可知，答句动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，动词用过去式finished，故选B。 13. My sister Helen________ traditional Chinese painting online since last year. A. learns B. learned C. will learn D. has learned 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我妹妹海伦自从去年以来一直在网上学习传统中国画。learns学习，一般现在时；learned学习，一般过去时；will learn将学习，一般将来时；has learned已经学习，现在完成时。根据时间状语“since last year”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时，故选D。 14. Since we ________ the volunteer programme last month, we ________ more than 200 volunteers. A. have started, had B. started, have C. have started, have D. started, have had 【答案】D 【解析】句意：自从我们上个月启动这个志愿者项目以来，我们已经招募了超过200名志愿者。第一空，根据时间状语“last month”是可知“启动”这个动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时“started”。第二空，主句描述“自从启动以来”至今的累计成果，应用现在完成时“have had”表示从过去持续到现在的状态，故选D。 15. —Our gas ________. How far are we from there? —Don’t worry. There are only a few kilometers to go. A. is run out B. has run out C. is run out of D. is running out 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“我们的燃料即将用尽。我们距离那儿有多远？”“不要担心。仅有几千米要走。”根据run out是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，故排除AC。由“There are only a few kilometers to go.”可推测使用一般将来时，表示燃料即将用完，D选项使用进行时表将来的含义，故选D。 16. We ________ on the countryside road when a sudden storm hit, so we made our way back. A. jogged B. were jogging C. have jogged D. will jog 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们在乡间小路上慢跑时，突然刮起了暴风雨，于是我们往回走。根据“when a sudden storm hit”可知是当暴风雨时，正在慢跑，用过去进行时was/were doing，故选B。 17. —Let’s go home to watch the football match. —Oh, it’s too late. The match ________ for half an hour. And the result was 1-0. A. has finished B. has begun C. has been on D. has been over 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“我们回家看足球赛吧。”“哦，太晚了。比赛已经结束半小时了。结果是一比零。”has finished已经完成，非延续性动词；has begun已经开始，非延续性动词；has been on已经进行，延续性动词；has been over已经结束，延续性动词。根据后半句“half an hour”这一时间段，可知谓语动词需用延续性动词或表示状态的短语。比赛“结束”这一状态是持续的，应用“has been over”。而“finish”是非延续性动词，不能与“for half an hour”连用，故选D。 18. Mike used to be a top student, but he _______ behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been 【答案】D 【解析】句意：迈克曾经是个尖子生，但自从他沉迷于电脑游戏后，他就落后了。 fell落后，过去时；has fallen已经落后，现在完成时；was是，过去时；has been已经是，现在完成时。根据时间状语从句“since he lost himself…”可知，主句表示从过去某一时间点(沉迷游戏)持续到现在的状态，“落后”是一种持续的状态，应用现在完成时has been behind。fall behind强调动作，be behind强调状态。此处更强调持续的“落后状态”，故选D。 19. I ________ home for a week up to now. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned D. returning 【答案】B 【解析】句意：到目前为止，我回家已经一个星期了。have returned已经返回(短暂性动词)；have been back已经回来(延续性状态)；returned返回(过去时)；returning正在返回(现在分词)。根据“for a week up to now”可知，句子需用现在完成时，且一个星期表示持续的时间段，谓语动词需用延续性动词表状态。return是短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，而be back表示回来的状态，可以延续，故选B。 20. In recent years, there ________ an increase in the number of traffic accidents. A. have been B. has been C. had been D. are 【答案】B 【解析】句意：近年来，交通事故的数量有所增加。there be句型中，be动词的形式取决于其后的主语。本句主语an increase是单数，且in recent years通常与现在完成时连用，因此用has been，故选B。 21. —When did Uncle John ________ Aunt Alice? —At the end of the year 2014. They ________ for over ten years. A. marry with, have married B. marry with, got married C. marry, have been married D. marry, married 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“约翰叔叔是什么时候和爱丽丝阿姨结婚的？”“在2014年年底。他们已经结婚十多年了。”marry是及物动词，意为“和……结婚”，其后直接接宾语，不需要加介词with，所以第一个空用marry；“for +一段时间”常与现在完成时连用，表示动作持续到现在，现在完成时的结构是“have/has +过去分词”，marry是短暂性动词，不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，要转化为延续性动词be married，其过去分词是been married，所以第二个空用have been married，故选C。 22. The twins have studied in this school ________. A. two years ago B. since two years ago C. in two years D. two years later 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这对双胞胎自从两年前就在这所学校学习了。two years ago两年前，用于一般过去时；since two years ago自从两年前，用于现在完成时；in two years两年后，用于一般将来时；two years later两年后，多用于过去时态。句中“have studied”为现在完成时，需与表示“从过去持续到现在”的时间状语连用，只有“since two years ago”符合要求，故选B。 23. —Hello, Lisa. What’s the matter?   —I _______ find my mobile phone. _______ you seen it? A. couldn’t, Did B. can’t, Have C. need, Had D. must, Are 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“你好，丽莎。怎么了？”“我找不到我的手机了。你见过它吗？” 第一空，根据“What’s the matter?”和“I ... find my mobile phone.”可知，此处是指现在无法找到手机，用can’t；第二空，根据空格后“seen”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，强调过去动作对现在的影响，主语为“you”，助动词应用Have，故选B。 24. —Nice to meet you. I ________ you for a long time. —I ________ in Beijing. I’ve just come back. A. will see, am B. haven’t seen, was C. didn’t see, will be D. haven’t seen, am 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“很高兴见到你。我很久没见你了。”“我(之前)在北京。我刚回来。”第一空根据“for a long time”可知，强调过去一段时间内未发生的动作，用现在完成时(haven’t seen)；第二空答句提到“我刚回来”，说明“在北京”是过去的状态，用一般过去时(was)，故选B。 25. The cinema ________ at six. The film ________ for half an hour. A. opened, has been open B. was open, has been on C. opened, has been on D. was open, has been open 【答案】C 【解析】句意：电影院六点开门。电影已经放映半小时了。第一空强调“开门”的动作，用一般过去时opened；第二空表示“放映”这一状态持续半小时，需用延续性表达，has been on(on作形容词表示“进行中”)符合。A项has been open虽表状态，但open作形容词通常指“开着的”，不用于电影“放映”；B项was open表状态，但第一空强调动作更合理；D项第二空has been open搭配不当，故选C。 26. It ________ ten years since we last ________ in Beijing. A. was, met B. has been, met C. has been, meet D. is, meet 【答案】B 【解析】句意：自从我们上次在北京见面以来，已经十年了。根据“It...ten years since we...”可知，该句是since引导的时间状语从句，主句用“has been”表示从过去持续到现在的状态(现在完成时)，since从句中的动词需用一般过去时，表示“自从……以来已经多久了”，故选B。 27. —Elsa, is it possible for you to come tomorrow?   —Sorry, I ________ a trip to Shanghai with my husband. A. planned B. was planning C. have planned D. will plan 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“Elsa，你明天能来吗？”“对不起，我已经计划和我丈夫去上海旅行。”根据“Sorry, I … a trip to Shanghai with my husband.”可知，已经计划和丈夫去上海旅行因此明天不能去，故应用现在完成时，构成为have/ has done，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，故选C。 28. In the past 40 years, Zhang Guimei ________ many girls from poor areas in Yunnan. A. helped B. is helping C. has helped D. will help 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在过去的40年里，张桂梅帮助了许多来自云南贫困地区的女孩。根据“in the past 40 years”可知，此句用现在完成时have/has done的结构，故选C。 29. —Beibei, is Mr. Chen in the office? —No. He ________ for half an hour. A. left B. has left C. has been away D. leaves 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“贝贝，陈老师在办公室吗？”“不在，他已经离开半小时了。”left离开，瞬间动词；has left已经离开，瞬间动词的现在完成时；has been away已经离开，延续性状态；leaves离开，一般现在时。根据答句“for half an hour”可知，动作需持续一段时间，因此需用延续性动词的现在完成时。leave是瞬间动词，不能与“for+时间段”连用，需转换为“be away”的延续性表达，故选C。 30. —How long ________ you ________ about the cultural traditions of Mexico? —For two weeks. I’m preparing for a trip there. A. do, learn B. will, learn C. did, learn D. have, learned 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“你了解墨西哥的文化传统多久了？”“两周了。我正在为去那里旅行做准备。”do, learn一般现在时；will, learn一般将来时；did, learn一般过去时；have, learned现在完成时。根据答句“For two weeks.”可知，这是现在完成时的标志，问句询问“持续了多久”，此处需用现在完成时“have/has+过去分词”结构，learn的过去分词为learned，故选D。 二、改为同义句(每题2分，满分20分) 1. She has learned English for three years. She has learned English ________________________. 【答案】since three years ago 【解析】句意：她学英语三年了。分析句子时态为现在完成时，现在完成时中“三年”可以表达为“for three years”或“since three years ago”，故改为since three years ago。 2. Kitty came to Nanjing two days ago. Kitty ________________ Nanjing for two days. 【答案】has been in 【详解】句意：Kitty两天前来到了南京。原句中“came to Nanjing two days ago”表示Kitty两天前到达南京，这是一个过去发生的动作。在改为同义句时，我们需要表达Kitty从两天前开始一直待在南京，并且这个状态持续到现在，因此可以使用现在完成时“have/has been in”来表示“待在某地一段时间”。由于主语Kitty是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，故同义句为“Kitty has been in Nanjing for two days.”，表示Kitty已经在南京待了两天了，故改为has been in。 3. He has known about the Grand Canyon since he was ten. He first _________ about the Grand Canyon ________ he was ten. 【答案】knew when 【解析】句意：他从十岁起就了解科罗拉多大峡谷了。“since +时间点”表示“从……起”，可转换为“when +时间状语从句”(当……时)，原句是现在完成时，转换后用一般过去时“knew”对应“first”(第一次)的动作，故改为knew, when。 4. My father got back the day before yesterday. My father _____________ for two days. 【答案】has been back 【解析】句意：我父亲前天回来了。原句“got back”表示“回来”，是一个瞬间动作。而改写后的句子中有“for two days”，表示一段时间，所以需要用延续性动词短语来表达。在这里，“been back”是“get back”的延续性形式，表示“已经回来”并且持续了一段时间，符合句意，故改为has been back。 5. Sunshine Town has changed a lot over the years. A lot of changes ________________ in Sunshine Town over the years. 【答案】have taken place 【解析】句意：这些年来，阳光镇发生了很多变化。原句“has changed a lot”意为“变化很大”，主语是“Sunshine Town”。改写后可用“A lot of changes have taken place”表达，其中“take place”是固定短语，意为“发生”，常指有安排或计划的变化或事件。主语“changes”是复数，因此用现在完成时的复数形式“have taken place”，句末保留时间状语“over the years”，整体句意保持不变，故改为have taken place。 6. We got to know each other 3 years ago. We ________________________ since 3 years ago. 【答案】have known each other 【解析】句意：我们3年前认识了彼此。“since 3 years ago”是现在完成时的标志，现在完成时结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”, 主语“We”是复数，助动词用“have”，“know”的过去分词是“known”, each other“彼此”，故改为have known each other。 7. Three years has passed since we last saw each other. It ____________ three years since we last saw each other. 【答案】has been 【解析】句意：自从我们上次见面已经过去三年了。根据“It...three years since we last saw each other.”和原句对比可知，此处应该表示“自从我们上次互相见面已经有三年了。”，可以用“It has been+时间+since…”结构替代，故改为has been。 8. It is ten minutes since he got up, and now he is preparing breakfast. He _____________________ for ten minutes and is now preparing breakfast. 【答案】has been up 【解析】句意：他起床已经十分钟了，现在正在准备早餐。“It is+一段时间+since+一般过去时的句子”表示“自从……已经多久了”，可转换为“have/has been+形容词/副词+for+一段时间”的现在完成时结构，get up对应的延续性表达是be up。主语He是第三人称单数，助动词用has，故改为has been up。 9. Sarah became a fan of American country music three years ago. Sarah ____________ a fan of American country music since three years ago. 【答案】has been 【解析】句意：萨拉三年前成为了美国乡村音乐的粉丝。原句用一般过去时表示过去某个时间点发生的动作，改为同义句时，“since three years ago”是现在完成时的标志，需用“have/has+过去分词”结构。主语Sarah是第三人称单数，助动词用has, 表示“成为”用be动词的过去分词为been，故改为has been。 10. Mr. Green borrowed the book two weeks ago. Mr. Green _________________ the book for two weeks 【答案】has kept 【解析】句意：格林先生两周前借了这本书。改为同义句“格林先生已经持有这本书两周了”，句中“for two weeks” (持续两周)为时间段，需用现在完成时，且谓语动词需为延续性动词；“borrow”(借) 是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，其对应的延续性动词为 “keep”(持有)；主语“Mr. Green”为第三人称单数，助动词用“has”，“keep”的过去分词为“kept”，故改为has kept。 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Amazing China 语法篇 现在完成时II&和for, since连用的动词 关于“现在完成时(Ⅱ)”语法内容，教材如是说： have/has been和have/has gone的用法 ◆我们用have/has been表示某人曾经去过某地，并且已经回来。如： He has been to the Palace Museum twice.他曾经去过故宫博物院两次。 —Have you ever been to Xian?你去过西安吗? —No. I have never been there. But I plan to go this year. 不，我从来没去过，不过我打算今年去。 ◆我们用have/has gone表示某人已经去了某地，但还没回来。如： He has gone to London. He will be back in two weeks. 他已经去伦敦了。他将在两周后回来。 —Is Tom at home?汤姆在家吗? —No,he isn’t. He has gone to the cinema.不在。他去看电影了。 关于“和for或since连用的动词”语法内容，教材如是说： ◆现在完成时常和for或since引导的表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如： He has been away from China for two years.他离开中国已有两年了。 He has lived in Nanjing since 2020.自2020年以来，他一直住在南京。 注意：在现在完成时中，如果出现表示一段时间的状语，我们要用延续性动词，而不能用短暂性动词。下面是一些常用的短暂性动词和延续性动词： 短暂性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时构成 leave be away have been away buy have have had open be open have been open close be closed have been closed borrow keep have kept finish be over have been over 一、have/has been和have/has gone的用法比较 结构 相同点 不同点 例句 have/has been 都用于现在完成时 表示某人去了某地并且已经回来的意思。它指的是一种经历。常与ever, never, once, twice, many times, so far, before等等连用。 Jenny, you know a lot about Beijing. there? Jenny，你对北京很了解。你去过那里吗？ The Palace Museum has been open to the public since 1925, but I .故宫博物院自1925年以来一直向公众开放，但我至今从未去过那里。 —What’s the best park in the city?城里最好的公园是哪个？ —Of course, East Lake Park. I went there last week, and I . 当然是东湖公园。我上周去了那里，而且我已经去过很多次了。 I’ll go on vacation to Hainan Island .我将去海南岛度假，尽管我以前去过那。 have/has gone 表示某人去了某地但还没有回来(可能在去某地途中或到了某地，也可能在回来的路上)。 His uncle to work and he won’t be back until next month.他的叔叔去那里工作了，要到下个月才回来。 have/has been to 都可以+地点名词 但，当接abroad， home, here, there等地点副词时，不能再有介词 to，直接用have/has gone abroad/ home/here/there。 见上面的表述 — Shanghai?你去过上海吗？ —Yes, I several times.是的，我已经去过好几次了。 —Where is Jack?杰克在哪里？ —He . 他去医院了。 Mr. Green . You can’t see him here.格林先 生出国了。你不可能在这里看 到他。 His brother . 他哥哥已经回家了。 have/has gone to 二、have/has been in+地点名词+时间段的用法详解 结构 用法+注意点 例句 have/has been in +地点名词+时间段 若地点是abroad, home, here, there等地点副词，不能再有介词in，直接用have/has been abroad/home/ here/there+时间 段。 核心含义是“在某地持续停留了一段时间”，核心强调“持续的状态”，且这个状态会一直延续到现在，即主语当前仍然在该地点。其中“时间段”是该结构的必备成分，不可或缺，常见的时间段表达有 for three days, for half a month, for a long time, since last month, since 2023等等。 They Guangzhou .他们在广州待了六年了。(现在仍在广州) He the classroom .他从今天早上就在教室里了。(现在还在) We .我们从9点就在这儿了。 Can you imagine how much I want to see my daughter again? She for 3 years.你能想象我有多想再见到我女儿吗？她出国已经3年了。 三、“和for或since连用的动词”的用法详解 1. for和since的用法 与现在完成时连用 相同点 不同点 例句 for 1.肯定句中与延续性动词连用； 2.否定句中动词既可以用延续性动词，也可以用非延续性动词。 for+时间段 I traditional Chinese medicine 我学习中医已经两年了。 I .我很长时间没见到你了。 Cathy and Amy their hometown for two years. Cathy and Amy已 经两年没有回他们的家乡了。 since +时间点 since +段时间+ago +从句(过去时) He went to Beijing two years ago and .他两年前去了北京，从那时起就一直住在那里。 Mr. Brown us English . He . 布朗先生教我们英语已经两年了。他从两年前就一直在这里。 He very hard . 自从他来到我们学校，他学习 就非常努力。 注意：回答“how long”的提问 1. —What a lovely dog! have you had it? — . My aunt gave it to me as a gift last week. “多可爱的狗啊！你养它多久了？”“一周了。我姑姑上周把它作为礼物送给了我。” 2. — has the movie been on?   — . “这部电影上映多久了？”“从三点钟开始的。” 2. 短暂性动词向延续性动词的转换 短暂性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时构成 例句 be on have/has been on When will they arrive? The meeting has been on for 10 minutes.他们什么时候到？会议已经进行了10分钟。 Our class meeting has been on since 2 o’clock.我们的班会从两点就开始了。 keep have/has kept I have kept this book for two weeks. 这本书我借了两周了 have have/has had My father has had this car for five years.我爸爸买这辆车已经五年了。 be closed have/has been closed The library has been closed for three days.图书馆已经闭馆三天了。 be in/at have/has been in/at He has been in Beijing for a month. 他来北京已经一个月了。 My sister has been at the park since this morning.我妹妹从早上就在公园了。 be dead have/has been dead His grandpa has been dead for ten years.他的爷爷已经去世十年了。 be over have/has been over The exam has been over for half an hour.考试已经结束半小时了。 be in be a member of have/has been in have/has been a member of He has been in the football club for two years.他加入足球俱乐部已经两年了。 My brother has been in the army for three years.我哥哥已经参军三年了。 My mother has been a member of the art club since 2023.我妈妈从 2023 年就是美术俱乐部的一员了。 be away(from) have/has been away(from) When Henry arrives at the bus stop, the bus has been away for two hours. 当亨利到达公交车站时，公交车已经离开两个小时了。She has been away from Shanghai since last month.她从上个月就离开上海了。 be married have/has been married My parents have been married for twenty years.我的父母结婚已经二十年了。 be open have/has been open The supermarket has been open since 8 a.m.这家超市从早上八点就开门了。 be back have/has been back The panda Fubao has been back from Korea since April 3rd.熊猫福宝自4月3日以后从韩国回来了。 have/has a cold have/has had a cold He has had a cold for three days.他感冒已经三天了。 be asleep have/has been asleep The baby has been asleep for an hour. 宝宝已经睡了一个小时了。 be asleep have/has been asleep The baby has been asleep for an hour. 宝宝已经睡了一个小时了。 be ill have/has been ill My grandma has been ill for a week. 我奶奶生病已经一周了。 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $