Unit 5 Play by the rules 考点默写 -2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级上册

该初中英语单元学案以“规则意识”为核心主题，围绕“Play by the rules?”设计学习目标，涵盖必背单词（分名词、动词等类别）、常用短语、经典句型及语法核心（动词不定式作目的状语），通过基础积累到综合应用的递进式任务，构建完整知识体系。 亮点在于经典句型结合生活情境（如图书馆安静、交通规则遵守等实例），语法部分通过用法解析、规则总结及误区提醒培养语言能力与思维品质。如“火车上制止违规行为”的句型练习，促进学生将规则知识转化为语言表达，既帮助学生系统掌握单元要点，也为教师单元复习教学提供清晰指导。

Unit 5 Play by the rules? 考点默写 必背单词 名词 1、规则；规章____________2、噪声；嘈杂声____________3、喉咙；咽喉____________4、责任；职责____________5、原因；起因____________ 6、腰带；皮带____________7、车站____________8、花盆____________9、脏乱；凌乱____________10、诚实；正直____________ 11、法则；法令____________12、律师____________13、公民；市民____________14、点击（鼠标）____________15、地址____________ 16、护照____________17、敌人____________18、网络霸凌____________19、小包；小袋____________20、野餐____________ 动词 21、争论；争吵____________22、分开；划分____________23、达成；实现____________24、经过；流逝____________25、记住；牢记____________ 26、返回；回来____________27、敲门；敲击____________28、粘贴；粘住____________29、支持；拥护____________30、避免；避开____________ 31、限制；限定____________32、警告；告诫____________33、欺诈；欺骗____________34、信任；信赖____________35、表现；举止____________ 36、清嗓子____________37、踢；踹____________38、传播；扩散____________39、捡起；拾起____________40、呼喊；喊叫____________ 形容词 41、有臭味的____________42、紧急的；急迫的____________43、粗心的；疏忽的____________44、私人的；秘密的____________45、基本的；根本的____________ 46、个人的；私人的____________47、意识到的；察觉到的____________48、自私的____________49、狭窄的____________50、可能的；也许的____________ 51、焦虑的；紧张的____________52、最近的；近来的____________53、网上的；在线的____________54、真正的；真实的____________55、诚实的；正直的____________ 副词 56、也不；既不____________57、很；相当____________58、近来；最近____________59、也许；可能____________60、处处；到处____________ 61、真诚地；真心地____________62、共同；一起____________63、反而；却____________64、永远；始终____________65、突然；忽然____________ 介词/短语 66、在……对面____________67、除……之外____________68、面对面地____________69、与……取得联系____________70、为了；以便____________ 71、代替；而不是____________72、充满；挤满____________73、关于；对于____________74、作为回报；作为报酬____________75、自从；自……以来____________ 常用短语 1、argue over ____________2、reach agreement ____________3、look after ____________ 4、clear one’s throat ____________5、avoid doing sth ____________6、in order to ____________ 7、so as to ____________8、get in touch with ____________9、face to face ____________ 10、play by the rules ____________11、break the rules ____________12、stick to the rules ____________ 13、in hot water ____________14、turn to sb for help ____________15、keep...private ____________ 经典句型 1、孟子说“不以规矩，不能成方圆”，生活中处处需要规则：图书馆里保持安静、过马路遵守交通信号灯、公共场合不插队，这些规则能让社会有序运转。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 2、作者在火车上遇到了一系列违规行为：对面女孩大声播放音乐、邻座男士吃有异味的食物、身后男孩踢座椅，最终他鼓起勇气站出来制止这些不良行为。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 3、安徽桐城的六尺巷故事告诉我们，面对争执时，退让不是软弱，而是遵守“以和为贵”的规则，这种规则能化解矛盾，让邻里关系更和睦。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 4、网上交友时，我们要遵守安全规则：不轻易透露个人信息、不与陌生网友见面、遇到网络霸凌及时向长辈求助，这些规则能保护我们远离危险。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 5、是否应该打破规则？有人认为紧急情况下可以破例，比如出租车司机为送危重病人闯红灯；也有人认为规则不可违，破坏规则会带来安全隐患。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 6、为了让班级更有秩序，我们制定了新规则：上课不随意插话、按时完成作业、保持教室整洁，这些规则能帮助我们更好地学习和相处。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 7、我曾经在图书馆看到有人大声打电话，我犹豫再三后上前提醒他遵守“保持安静”的规则，他立刻道歉并降低了音量，这让我明白遵守规则需要每个人的努力。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 8、规则不是束缚，而是保护和引导。无论是校园规则、交通规则还是网络规则，都在规范人们的行为，让生活更安全、更有序，我们应该自觉遵守并维护规则。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 语法核心 A Infinitive of purpose（动词不定式作目的状语） 1、用法：动词不定式（to + 动词原形）、in order to + 动词原形、so as to + 动词原形，均用于表示行为动作的目的，是描述“为了做某事而采取某行动”的核心语法。 2、核心规则： · 基本结构：to do（可放句首或句尾）、in order to do（强调目的，可放句首或句尾）、so as to do（通常放句尾）。 · 否定形式：to not do / in order not to do / so as not to do（否定词not置于to前）。 · 区别：in order to 和 so as to 语气更强烈，to do 更简洁；so as to 不能用于句首，in order to 和 to do 可以。 3、例句： · 肯定句：I went to a quiet area in order to read.（我去了安静的车厢以便读书。） · 否定句：She walked quietly so as not to wake the baby.（她轻手轻脚走路，以免吵醒宝宝。） · 句首用法：To improve his grades, he studies hard every day.（为了提高成绩，他每天努力学习。） · 简洁表达：He ran fast to catch the train.（他跑得快是为了赶上火车。） B 常见误区与拓展 1、误区提醒： · 混淆目的状语与结果状语：不定式表目的时，动作与目的有明确因果关系（He came early to help me. 他早来是为了帮我。）；表结果时多与only连用（He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. 他匆忙赶到车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。）。 · 错误省略to：in order to 和 so as to 中的to不可省略（不可说in order do 或 so as do）。 2、拓展用法： · 目的状语从句转换：不定式表目的可转换为 so that / in order that 引导的从句（She studies hard to pass the exam. = She studies hard so that she can pass the exam.）。 · 强调目的：in order to 可用于书面语，so as to 更口语化，to do 通用性最强。 答案 必背单词 名词 1、rule2、noise3、throat4、responsibility5、cause6、belt7、station8、flowerpot9、mess10、honesty11、law12、lawyer13、citizen14、click15、address16、passport17、enemy18、cyberbullying19、packet20、picnic 动词 21、argue22、divide23、reach24、pass25、keep in mind26、return27、knock28、stick29、support30、avoid31、limit32、warn33、cheat34、trust35、behave36、clear one’s throat37、kick38、spread39、pick up40、shout 形容词 41、smelly42、urgent43、careless44、private45、basic46、personal47、aware48、selfish49、narrow50、possible51、stressed52、recent53、online54、true55、honest 副词 56、nor57、quite58、recently59、maybe60、everywhere61、sincerely62、together63、instead64、forever65、suddenly 介词/短语 66、opposite67、except68、face to face69、get in touch with70、in order to71、instead of72、be full of73、about74、in return75、since 常用短语 1、为……争论2、达成一致3、照顾；照料4、清嗓子（引人注意）5、避免做某事6、为了；以便7、为了；以便8、与……取得联系9、面对面地10、遵守规则11、打破规则12、坚守规则13、陷入困境；遇到麻烦14、向某人求助15、保密；不公开 经典句型 1、Mencius said, “Nothing can be done without norms or standards.” Rules are needed everywhere in life: keeping quiet in the library, following traffic lights when crossing the road, and not cutting in line in public. These rules help society operate in order. 2、The writer encountered a series of rule-breaking behaviors on the train: the girl opposite played loud music, the man next to him ate smelly food, and the boy behind kicked his seat. Finally, he gathered his courage to stand up and stop these bad behaviors. 3、The story of Liuchixiang in Tongcheng, Anhui tells us that when facing disputes, giving in is not weakness but following the rule of “harmony first”. Such rules can resolve conflicts and make neighborhood relationships more harmonious. 4、When making friends online, we must follow safety rules: not easily revealing personal information, not meeting online strangers in real life, and turning to elders for help when encountering cyberbullying. These rules can protect us from danger. 5、Should rules be broken? Some people think exceptions can be made in emergencies, such as a taxi driver running a red light to send a critically ill patient. Others believe rules must not be violated, as breaking them will bring potential safety hazards. 6、To make the class more orderly, we have made new rules: not interrupting others in class, finishing homework on time, and keeping the classroom clean. These rules can help us study and get along better. 7、I once saw someone talking loudly on the phone in the library. After hesitating for a long time, I went forward to remind him to follow the rule of “keeping quiet”. He apologized immediately and lowered his voice. This made me understand that following rules requires everyone’s efforts. 8、Rules are not restrictions but protection and guidance. Whether it’s school rules, traffic rules or online rules, they regulate people’s behaviors and make life safer and more orderly. We should consciously follow and maintain rules. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $