Unit 1 Past and present 知识清单-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

八下 Unit 1 Past and present

1. Development is the key to success.

发展是成功的关键。

2. learn about changes in China over the years

了解中国这些年来的变化

3. better understand the efforts behind great changes

更好地理解伟大变革背后的努力

4. Great changes have taken place in China over the years.

这些年来中国发生了巨大的变化。

Welcome to the unit

5. transport at different times不同时代的交通工具

6. How did you go to school when you were a student?

当你是学生的时候，你怎么上学的？

7. I used to go to school by bike.

我过去常骑自行车上学。

used to do过去常做→否定sb did not use to do sth

→一般疑问句Did sb use to do sth

8. Why didn’t you take a bus? 为什么不乘公交车呢？

9. When I was young, there were only a few buses, and they were always crowded.

当我小时候，只有几辆公交车，而且总是很拥挤。

crowd (n.) 人群；(v.) 挤满

crowded (adj.) 拥挤的; be crowded with…

10. But now they are comfortable and convenient.

但现在它们舒适又方便。

 

Reading

11. The rise of Shenzhen, a city of innovation

深圳的崛起，一座创新之城

12. In just over 40 years, Shenzhen, a city in southern China, has developed from a fishing village into a top high-tech city.

在仅仅四十多年里，深圳，中国南方的城市，已经从一个渔村发展成为一座顶级高科技城市。

① develop (v.)形成；开发；(使)发展

develop/form the habit of…养成…的习惯

develop…into… 发展成为

② development (n.)

with the development of 随着…的发展

③ developed(adj.)发达的a developed country

④ developing(adj.)发展中的a developing country

13. A pioneer in China’s reform and opening-up,

Shenzhen has attracted people from across the world.

作为中国改革开放的先行者，深圳吸引了来自世界各地的人们。

pioneer (n.)先锋，先驱；pioneering(adj.)开拓性的

a pioneer in… 在…方面的先锋

14. Innovation lies at the heart of the city.

创新是这座城市的核心。

at the heart of…是…的关键，处于…的核心

15. It has risen to become an important centre for technology industries in the world and is home to many tech giants.

它已经崛起为世界上重要的科技产业中心，是许多科技巨头的所在地。

16. Today, it is leading the move from “Made in China” to “Created in China”.

如今，它正引领从“中国制造”向“中国创造”的转变。

① lead (vi.) 造成(后果) lead to 导致

   lead to doing sth 导致做某事

② lead (v.) 引领；领导

lead sb to do sth 带领某人做某事

lead the move from…to… 引领从…到…的转变

③ move (n.) 改变，转变

a move to… 向…的转变

move (v.) 移动；搬家；采取行动；改变；使感动

move on 继续前进

17. Shenzhen is also active in its drive to become a cultural centre.

深圳也在积极推动成为文化中心。

① be active in在…方面积极

② drive (n.) 冲劲；本能需求

     (v.) 驾驶；驾车送人；迫使，驱赶

one’s drive to do sth   …的动力

18. It offers a wealth of cultural facilities, such as libraries, museums, theatres and art spaces, as well as many excellent cultural and educational activities.

它提供了大量的文化设施，如图书馆、博物馆、剧院和艺术空间，以及许多优秀的文化和教育活动。

① wealth (n.) 财富; 富有

wealthy (adj.) 富有的

be of wealth=be wealthy富有的

② a wealth of…大量的，丰富的; 后面可以加可数名词，也可以加不可数名词，但强调多且好，后面一般不跟负面的名词如problem等。

③ as well as “除……外，也，还”；常用来连接对等成分，在语义上强调的是as well as之前的信息。

④ excellent (adj.)杰出的，优秀的

fantastic (adj.)极好的，美妙的

perfect  (adj.)极好的，完美的

wonderful (adj.)精彩的，了不起的

19. Moreover, the city has won an honour from UNESCO for being a role model in encouraging reading among the public.

此外，该市还因成为鼓励公众阅读的榜样而获得联合国教科文组织的荣誉。

① win an honour from...for...因…获得来自…的荣誉

② be a role model in.... 成为…方面的楷模

③ encourage doing鼓励做某事

encourage sb. to do鼓励某人做某事

④ public (n.) 民众；in public 公开地；当众

(adj.) 公共的；公众的

20. Shenzhen is working to improve the quality of life for its citizens as well.

深圳也在致力于提高市民的生活质量。

work to do sth致力于做某事

21. The city has over 1,000 parks and more than 3,000 kilometres of greenways.

这座城市有1000多个公园和3000多公里的绿道。

22. Even among the busy streets and tall buildings, you can find peace and quiet in this modern city.

即使在繁忙的街道和高楼中，你也能在这个现代化的城市里找到和平与宁静。

23. Shenzhen is the first city in the world to use green energy for almost all its buses and taxis.

深圳是世界上第一个几乎所有公交车和出租车都使用绿色能源的城市。

24. “Electric buses produce less air pollution and make little noise, and now people here are enjoying a cleaner environment,” said a city planner.

一位城市规划师表示：“电动公交车产生的空气污染更少，噪音也更小，现在这里的人们正在享受更清洁的环境。”

25. Since the late 1970s, Shenzhen has developed at an amazing speed and has become a symbol of China’s development.

自20世纪70年代末以来，深圳以惊人的速度发展，成为中国发展的象征。

① since 自...以来 (用于现在完成时，表示自从什么时候起就已经做了某事)

since+时间点;           since 2021

since+段时间+ago;       since a few days ago

  since+含有过去式的从句; since I lived here

② at an amazing speed 以令人惊叹的速度

at the speed of… 以…的速度

26. The city’s pioneering spirit, together with the hard work and creativity of its citizens, is certainly the key to its success.

这座城市的开拓精神，加上市民的辛勤工作和创造力，无疑是它成功的关键。

① create (v.)创作、创造、产生

creative (adj.)有创造力的、创造性的

creativity (n.) 创造力

② 谓语动词的单复数和together with 前面的主语保持一致

③ the key to…  …的钥匙/关键

the key to doing sth 做…的关键

27. What was Shenzhen like over 40 years ago?

四十多年前的深圳是什么样子？

28. What efforts has Shenzhen made to become a cultural centre?

深圳为成为文化中心做了哪些努力？

make efforts to do sth   努力做某事

29. Shenzhen has changed a lot over the years.

深圳这些年变化很大。

30. It was once a small village in southern China.

它曾经是中国南方的一个小村庄。

31. In the past, most families made a living by fishing.

过去，大多数家庭以打渔为生。

make a/one’s living by靠…谋生

do…for a living

32. But it has become a world-famous city, right?

但它已经成为一个世界闻名的城市，不是吗？

 

33. For more than 40 years, it has attracted millions of people to work and live here.

四十多年来它吸引了数百万人在这里工作和生活。

34. As a result, excellent young talent from across the world has come to Shenzhen.

因此，来自世界各地的优秀青年人才来到了深圳。

35. I’m thinking about visiting Shenzhen this summer holiday.

我在考虑今年暑假去深圳玩。

36. It sounds like Shenzhen is a model for other cities.

听起来深圳是其他城市的榜样。

37. What do you think has caused the changes in Shenzhen?

你认为是什么导致了深圳的变化？

 

Grammar

38. 我们用现在完成时来表示:

(1)表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，或已完成但对现在有一定影响的动作。

(2)表示某个动作从过去到现在发生的次数。

39. 现在完成时的结构: 

肯定句：sb have/has done;

否定句：sb have/has not done;

一般疑问句：Have/Has sb done?

40. 动词的过去式及过去分词的变化规则

(1) 规则的动词过去式及过去分词的变化：

①动词原形直接+ed

②动词以e结尾，直接+d

③动词以辅音+y结尾，去掉y改i, 再加ed

④动词以元音+y结尾，直接加ed

⑤动词是重读闭音节结构，双写最后字母+ed

(2)不规则的动词的变化，见课本附录P146

41. 常见用法

(1) 常与以下副词连用

① just“刚刚”，常用于肯定句中，放在have/has后；

例：He has just come .

② never“从来没有”，表否定, 放在have/has后；

例：He has never visited the Great Wall.

③ ever“曾经”，用于疑问句中，曾经……吗？

例：Have/Has＋sb＋ever done？

④ already“已经，用于肯定句, have/has之后或句末.