Unit 1 Past and present 知识清单-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

该初中英语八下Unit 1“Past and present”知识清单全面梳理了单元核心内容，涵盖词汇短语（如used to do, develop into）、语法规则（现在完成时结构及用法）、语篇阅读（深圳发展案例）等知识范畴，为学生搭建了从基础积累到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过模块分类（Welcome to the unit/Reading/Grammar等）和重难点标注（如现在完成时since/for用法详解）呈现知识体系，设计“动词过去分词变化规则表”“易混结构对比”（如have gone to/been to/been in区别）等工具，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。教师可直接用于课堂教学，学生能自主梳理知识，提升学习效率。

八下 Unit 1 Past and present 1. Development is the key to success. 发展是成功的关键。 2. learn about changes in China over the years 了解中国这些年来的变化 3. better understand the efforts behind great changes 更好地理解伟大变革背后的努力 4. Great changes have taken place in China over the years. 这些年来中国发生了巨大的变化。 Welcome to the unit 5. transport at different times不同时代的交通工具 6. How did you go to school when you were a student? 当你是学生的时候,你怎么上学的? 7. I used to go to school by bike. 我过去常骑自行车上学。 used to do过去常做 否定sb did not use to do sth 一般疑问句Did sb use to do sth 8. Why didn’t you take a bus? 为什么不乘公交车呢? 9. When I was young, there were only a few buses, and they were always crowded. 当我小时候,只有几辆公交车,而且总是很拥挤。 crowd (n.) 人群;(v.) 挤满 crowded (adj.) 拥挤的; be crowded with… 10. But now they are comfortable and convenient. 但现在它们舒适又方便。 Reading 11. The rise of Shenzhen, a city of innovation 深圳的崛起,一座创新之城 12. In just over 40 years, Shenzhen, a city in southern China, has developed from a fishing village into a top high-tech city. 在仅仅四十多年里,深圳,中国南方的城市,已经从一个渔村发展成为一座顶级高科技城市。 ① develop (v.)形成;开发;(使)发展 develop/form the habit of…养成…的习惯 develop…into… 发展成为 ② development (n.) with the development of 随着…的发展 ③ developed(adj.)发达的a developed country ④ developing(adj.)发展中的a developing country 13. A pioneer in China’s reform and opening-up, Shenzhen has attracted people from across the world. 作为中国改革开放的先行者,深圳吸引了来自世界各地的人们。 pioneer (n.)先锋,先驱;pioneering(adj.)开拓性的 a pioneer in… 在…方面的先锋 14. Innovation lies at the heart of the city. 创新是这座城市的核心。 at the heart of…是…的关键,处于…的核心 15. It has risen to become an important centre for technology industries in the world and is home to many tech giants. 它已经崛起为世界上重要的科技产业中心,是许多科技巨头的所在地。 16. Today, it is leading the move from “Made in China” to “Created in China”. 如今,它正引领从“中国制造”向“中国创造”的转变。 ① lead (vi.) 造成(后果) lead to 导致 lead to doing sth 导致做某事 ② lead (v.) 引领;领导 lead sb to do sth 带领某人做某事 lead the move from…to… 引领从…到…的转变 ③ move (n.) 改变,转变 a move to… 向…的转变 move (v.) 移动;搬家;采取行动;改变;使感动 move on 继续前进 17. Shenzhen is also active in its drive to become a cultural centre. 深圳也在积极推动成为文化中心。 ① be active in在…方面积极 ② drive (n.) 冲劲;本能需求 (v.) 驾驶;驾车送人;迫使,驱赶 one’s drive to do sth …的动力 18. It offers a wealth of cultural facilities, such as libraries, museums, theatres and art spaces, as well as many excellent cultural and educational activities. 它提供了大量的文化设施,如图书馆、博物馆、剧院和艺术空间,以及许多优秀的文化和教育活动。 ① wealth (n.) 财富; 富有 wealthy (adj.) 富有的 be of wealth=be wealthy富有的 ② a wealth of…大量的,丰富的; 后面可以加可数名词,也可以加不可数名词,但强调多且好,后面一般不跟负面的名词如problem等。 ③ as well as “除……外,也,还”;常用来连接对等成分,在语义上强调的是as well as之前的信息。 ④ excellent (adj.)杰出的,优秀的 fantastic (adj.)极好的,美妙的 perfect (adj.)极好的,完美的 wonderful (adj.)精彩的,了不起的 19. Moreover, the city has won an honour from UNESCO for being a role model in encouraging reading among the public. 此外,该市还因成为鼓励公众阅读的榜样而获得联合国教科文组织的荣誉。 ① win an honour from...for...因…获得来自…的荣誉 ② be a role model in.... 成为…方面的楷模 ③ encourage doing鼓励做某事 encourage sb. to do鼓励某人做某事 ④ public (n.) 民众;in public 公开地;当众 (adj.) 公共的;公众的 20. Shenzhen is working to improve the quality of life for its citizens as well. 深圳也在致力于提高市民的生活质量。 work to do sth致力于做某事 21. The city has over 1,000 parks and more than 3,000 kilometres of greenways. 这座城市有1000多个公园和3000多公里的绿道。 22. Even among the busy streets and tall buildings, you can find peace and quiet in this modern city. 即使在繁忙的街道和高楼中,你也能在这个现代化的城市里找到和平与宁静。 23. Shenzhen is the first city in the world to use green energy for almost all its buses and taxis. 深圳是世界上第一个几乎所有公交车和出租车都使用绿色能源的城市。 24. “Electric buses produce less air pollution and make little noise, and now people here are enjoying a cleaner environment,” said a city planner. 一位城市规划师表示:“电动公交车产生的空气污染更少,噪音也更小,现在这里的人们正在享受更清洁的环境。” 25. Since the late 1970s, Shenzhen has developed at an amazing speed and has become a symbol of China’s development. 自20世纪70年代末以来,深圳以惊人的速度发展,成为中国发展的象征。 ① since 自...以来 (用于现在完成时,表示自从什么时候起就已经做了某事) since+时间点; since 2021 since+段时间+ago; since a few days ago since+含有过去式的从句; since I lived here ② at an amazing speed 以令人惊叹的速度 at the speed of… 以…的速度 26. The city’s pioneering spirit, together with the hard work and creativity of its citizens, is certainly the key to its success. 这座城市的开拓精神,加上市民的辛勤工作和创造力,无疑是它成功的关键。 ① create (v.)创作、创造、产生 creative (adj.)有创造力的、创造性的 creativity (n.) 创造力 ② 谓语动词的单复数和together with 前面的主语保持一致 ③ the key to… …的钥匙/关键 the key to doing sth 做…的关键 27. What was Shenzhen like over 40 years ago? 四十多年前的深圳是什么样子? 28. What efforts has Shenzhen made to become a cultural centre? 深圳为成为文化中心做了哪些努力? make efforts to do sth 努力做某事 29. Shenzhen has changed a lot over the years. 深圳这些年变化很大。 30. It was once a small village in southern China. 它曾经是中国南方的一个小村庄。 31. In the past, most families made a living by fishing. 过去,大多数家庭以打渔为生。 make a/one’s living by靠…谋生 do…for a living 32. But it has become a world-famous city, right? 但它已经成为一个世界闻名的城市,不是吗? 33. For more than 40 years, it has attracted millions of people to work and live here. 四十多年来它吸引了数百万人在这里工作和生活。 34. As a result, excellent young talent from across the world has come to Shenzhen. 因此,来自世界各地的优秀青年人才来到了深圳。 35. I’m thinking about visiting Shenzhen this summer holiday. 我在考虑今年暑假去深圳玩。 36. It sounds like Shenzhen is a model for other cities. 听起来深圳是其他城市的榜样。 37. What do you think has caused the changes in Shenzhen? 你认为是什么导致了深圳的变化? Grammar 38. 我们用现在完成时来表示: (1)表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态,或已完成但对现在有一定影响的动作。 (2)表示某个动作从过去到现在发生的次数。 39. 现在完成时的结构: 肯定句:sb have/has done; 否定句:sb have/has not done; 一般疑问句:Have/Has sb done? 40. 动词的过去式及过去分词的变化规则 (1) 规则的动词过去式及过去分词的变化: ①动词原形直接+ed ②动词以e结尾,直接+d ③动词以辅音+y结尾,去掉y改i, 再加ed ④动词以元音+y结尾,直接加ed ⑤动词是重读闭音节结构,双写最后字母+ed (2)不规则的动词的变化,见课本附录P146 41. 常见用法 (1) 常与以下副词连用 ① just“刚刚”,常用于肯定句中,放在have/has后; 例:He has just come . ② never“从来没有”,表否定, 放在have/has后; 例:He has never visited the Great Wall. ③ ever“曾经”,用于疑问句中,曾经……吗? 例:Have/Has+sb+ever done? ④ already“已经,用于肯定句, have/has之后或句末. 例:We have already finished it. ⑤ yet 用在疑问句中“已经”,否定句中“还” 用于句末或not 之后. 例:Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet. ⑥ before“以前”,用于句末 例:The woman has never heard of that before. ⑦ recently最近 in recent+一段时间 (2) 与since、for引导的时间状语连用 ①since +过去的时间点;since 1990/last year since +时间段+ago;since three years ago since +从句(一般过去时) since I went to school ②for+一段时间;how long多久 (3) in/during/over the past/last few years 在过去的几年里(一段时间里) (4) 到目前为止so far = up to now = till now=till now (5) 次数once(一次), twice(两次), many times(多次) how many times(多少次) How many times have you been to Beijing? 你已经去过北京几次? I have read this book several times. 我已经读了这本书几次了。 42. 重点句型: ① It is the first / second/… time that+从句(从句用现在完成时) It is the second time that I have visited there. 这是我第二次参观这儿了。 ② This is the +形容词最高级+名词 that +从句(从句用现在完成时) This is the best film that I've ever seen. 这是我看过的最棒的电影。 I have never seen a better film. 我从未看过一部更好的电影。 ③ It is +段时间+since从句 =It has been +段时间+since从句 =段时间has passed +since从句 自某事发生已有一段时间了 It is /has been two years since my brother joined the club. Two years has passed since my brother joined the club. 自从我哥加入这个俱乐部有两年了。 43. 区别 have/has gone to、been to、been in ① have/has gone to表示已经去了某地,还没回来。 (不在说话现场) ② have/has been in 表示去了某地并待在那一段时间,表示状态。(不在说话现场) ③ have/has been to表示去过某地,已经回来,常与次数连用,表示去过某地几次。 (在说话现场) 注意:地点副词home, here, there, where, abroad,介词可以省略。 44. I’ve just found out many things about Shenzhen from my uncle. 我刚从我叔叔那里了解到很多关于深圳的事情。 45. He’s lived there since he finished college. 他大学毕业后就住在那里。 46. He said there are a lot more jobs now in Shenzhen, and the living conditions are much better. 他说,现在深圳有更多的工作机会,生活条件也好多了。 47. Transport has also improved a lot. 交通也有了很大的改善。 48. People can get around the city easily. 人们可以很容易地在城市里四处走动。 49. Have you been to Shenzhen before? 你以前去过深圳吗? 50. I’ve only been there once, but I’m planning to go there again this summer. 我只去过一次,但我计划今年夏天再去一次。 51. The government has just turned part of the town centre into a new park. 政府刚刚把市中心的一部分改造成了一个新公园。 turn...into… 把...变成… 52. Recently, the air in our town has improved a lot. 最近,我们镇上的空气有了很大的改善。 53. Some people in the countryside have already moved to new buildings. 农村的一些人已经搬进了新楼。 54. My dad found a job as an engineer in a company after he finished college. 我爸爸大学毕业后在一家公司找到了一份工程师的工作。 55. He has worked at the company for over 17 years up to now. 到目前为止,他已经在公司工作了17年多。 so far=up to now=till now=until now 到目前为止 56. My mum left her hometown at the age of 18, but she often returns to visit my grandparents. 我妈妈十八岁时离开了她的家乡,但她经常回去看望我的祖父母。 57. Last week she went back to see them and has not returned yet. 上周她去看了他们,还没有回来。 58. Since then, we have visited many beautiful places in this car. 从那以后,我们乘坐这辆车参观了许多美丽的地方。 59. I have been to many cities around the world, but Shenzhen is my favourite. 我去过世界上许多城市,但深圳是我最喜欢的。 60. You could say I have fallen in love with Shenzhen—it feels like home. 你可以说我已经爱上了深圳-感觉像家一样。 fall in love with sb/sth 爱上某人或某物,强调动作,不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 若强调状态,用 be in love with 61. In fact, there have been lots of changes in the past few years. 事实上,在过去的几年里发生了很多变化。 ① Great changes have taken place in… Great changes have happened in… There have been great changes in... … has changed a lot …发生了巨大的变化 ② in the past few years在过去的几年里(现在完成时) =in/during/over the past/last few years 62. Have you noticed any of these while you’ve been here? 你在这里的时候注意到这些改变了吗? 63. There are more underground lines now. 现在有更多的地铁线。 64. I enjoy hearing your thoughts about our city. 我很喜欢听到你对我们城市的看法。 https://www.zxxk.com/user/11987631/ Integration 65. When you step onto the wide, clean roads of Starlight Village, you will see rows of new houses, tall trees and beautiful flowers. 当你踏上星光村宽阔、干净的道路时,你会看到一排排的新房子、高大的树木和美丽的花朵。 ① step (n.) 台阶,梯级;脚步声;步骤 (vi.)行走,踩,踏,迈步 step onto 踏上 ② row (v.) 划船 (n.) 一排,一列,一行rows of…一排排 66. However, 40 years ago, the roads here were narrow and muddy, and some of the houses were old and broken. 但四十年前,这里的道路又窄又泥泞,一些房子又旧又破。 67. There was often rubbish lying in the streets. 街上经常有垃圾。 There be ... doing 有…正在做 There be … to do 有…要做 68. Li Ling, a local villager, said, “Thanks to the government’s support, the roads in the village have improved a lot in recent years. The lives of local people are better than before. Most families have built beautiful houses, and we feel hopeful about the future.” 当地村民李玲说:“由于政府的支持,近年来村里的道路有了很大改善。当地人的生活比以前好了。大多数家庭都建造了漂亮的房子,我们对未来充满希望。” 69. Tourists can stay overnight in the guest house. 游客可以在旅馆过夜。 70. Tourists staying at the guest house enjoy helping on the farm. 住在旅馆的游客喜欢在农场帮忙。 71. People in the village are happy about the changes. 村里的人对这些变化感到高兴。 72. Thanks to the Beautiful Countryside Programme, living conditions in the countryside in China have changed a lot in recent years. 由于“美丽乡村”项目,近年来中国农村的生活条件发生了很大变化。 73. Now great changes have taken place in the village. 现在村里发生了很大的变化。 74. The roads are much wider than before and it is clean and tidy everywhere. 道路比以前宽得多,到处都很干净整洁。 75. They enjoy the beauty of nature in the village. 他们在村子里欣赏大自然的美景。 76. Tourism has helped developed Springfield Village a lot. 旅游业极大地促进了斯普林菲尔德村的发展。 77. Now the village has also become a popular place for tourists. 现在,这个村庄也成为了一个受游客欢迎的地方。 78. Farmers there are happier because modern machines and technology have made farming easier and improved their lives. 那里的农民更快乐,因为现代机器和技术使农业更容易,改善了他们的生活。 79. The internet has also helped farmers because they can now easily sell their products online/on the Internet. 互联网也帮助了农民,因为他们现在可以很容易地在网上销售他们的产品。 80. But did you know that area used to be an empty field? 但你知道那地方以前是一片空地吗? 81. When I was your age, I often went there to play football at the weekend. 当我像你这么大的时候,我经常在周末去那里踢足球。 82. Our town has certainly become more modern over the years. 这些年来,我们的城镇的确变得更加现代化了。 83. There are more places for people to have fun now. 现在有更多的地方供人们娱乐。 84. Many changes have taken place in Sunshine Town over the last 40 years. 在过去的40年里,阳光镇发生了许多变化。 85. Many years ago, people had to get around the town by bicycle or on foot. 许多年前,人们不得不骑自行车或步行在镇上转转。 86. Now it is common to take a bus, a taxi or the underground. 现在乘公共汽车、出租车或地铁是很普遍的。 common (adj.) 普遍的;共同的 uncommon (adj.) 不寻常的;罕见的 have…in common 有共同的… have nothing in common毫无共同之处 in common共有的,共同的;common sense常识 87. Moreover, most families have got their own cars. 此外,大多数家庭都有自己的汽车。 88. Back then, some people went to college and had to find jobs in other places. 那时,有些人上了大学,不得不在其他地方找工作。 89. Today, however, many college students return and do all kinds of jobs. 然而今天许多大学生回来做各种各样的工作。 90. They bring knowledge and skills to help the local people. 他们带来了知识和技能来帮助当地人。 91. Thanks to the support from the government and the hard work of the citizens, the living conditions in Sunshine Town have improved a lot. 多亏政府的支持和市民的努力,阳光镇的生活条件有了很大的改善。 92. People are enjoying a happier life. 人们正享受着一个更幸福的生活。 Further study 93. China has seen many changes, especially since the reform and opening-up. 中国经历了很多变化,特别是自改革开放以来。 94. Many forms of art show these changing times. 许多艺术形式反映了这些变化的时代。 95. It follows their lives of about 50 years, showing how reforms changed their city, jobs and dreams. 它讲述了他们五十年来的生活,展示了改革如何改变了他们的城市、工作和梦想。 96. It is about family, hard choices and the spirit of ordinary people in changing China. 它讲述的是家庭、艰难抉择和普通民众改变中国的精神。 2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $