精品解析：天津市南开中学滨海生态城学校2025-2026学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题

南开中学滨海生态城学校2025—2026（上）学年 高二年级第二次限时训练英语试卷 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（主观题）两部分，共150分，考试用时100分钟。 第Ⅰ卷（选择题）（共120分） 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分22.5分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. How much did the pink coat cost? A. $35. B. $50. C. $85. 2. What will the woman do next? A. Make a telephone call. B. Go to her office. C. Visit a library. 3. Why is Alex applying for financial aid? A. He is out of work. B. He has lost lots of money. C. He has to support his little brother. 4. When does the conversation take place? A. On Monday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Friday. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A strike. B. An employee. C. A piece of news. 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 听下面三段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至8题。 6. How will the speakers travel this time? A. By plane. B. By ship. C. By train. 7. What does the man say about the last trip? A. The schedule was tight. B. It took him too much time. C. It gave him a surprising experience. 8. What will the speakers do tomorrow morning? A. Visit Joseph. B. Withdraw some money. C. Buy traveller's cheques. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至11题。 9. What relation is the woman to Mr. Callington? A. His secretary. B. His manager. C. His wife. 10. Where is Mr. Callington now? A. In his office. B. Out of town. C. In Houston. 11. Why does the man make the telephone call? A. To call off a meeting. B. To know about a trip plan. C. To change the time of an appointment. 听下面一段独白，回答第12至15题。 12. What could the man probably be? A. A writer. B. A zoo keeper. C. A journalist. 13. What will a defender cat do before a fight? A. Lie down its ears flat against its head. B. Turn its ears toward the side. C. Hold its tail straight up. 14. What part of a cat's body shows its feelings the best? A. The eyes. B. The tail. C. The legs. 15. How does a cat try to understand humans? A. By listening to their tones. B. By watching their gestures. C. By watching their eyes. 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分） 第一节：单项填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —Angela just doesn’t like me. She won’t even say hello. —________. Actually, she’s very shy. A. I have no idea B. Don’t jump to conclusions C. Don’t mention it D. There is no doubt about it 2. Good study habits can greatly ________ students’ ability to grasp complex concepts. A. rely B. facilitate C. cherish D. approve 3. Our special thanks go to thousands of volunteers, without ___________ tireless work, none of this would be possible. A. that B. whose C. which D. whom 4. To form an informed opinion, one must view the problem ________ instead of through personal emotions. A. constantly B. gradually C. objectively D. instantly 5. —I saw Mr. Thompson at the airport this morning. —It ______ him. He’s on a business trip in New York until Friday. A. couldn’t be B. shouldn’t have been C. mustn’t be D. can’t have been 6. Knowing your weakness lies is one of the first and most challenging steps in learning to manage yourself. A. that B. what C. how D. where 7. Thankfully, the measures _________ to prevent the damage to the environment before it was too late. A. have been taken B. had taken C. had been taken D. were taken 8. I make it a(n)________ that I should lay aside half an hour every day to write my diary. A. devotion B. virtue C. routine D. evidence 9. ________ these big spenders, there are also teens that prove age is no barrier to making good use of money. A. In honor of B. In charge of C. In contrast to D. In search of 10. Our manager ________ for Shanghai in a few days, because he ________ a meeting at this time next week. A. is leaving,will be attending B. will leave, is attending C. leaves, will attend D. is to leave, is going to attend 11. to the teaching cause, she spends countless hours preparing lessons and mentoring students. A. Devoted B. Devoting C. Having devoted D. Devote 12. There are now more community events people could gather to share an experience that couldn’t be downloaded. A. why B. what C. that D. where 13. —Would you mind helping me with these boxes? — . I’ll grab one right away. A. Maybe later B. With pleasure C. Don’t count on it D. Don’t bother 14. Information of this kind should be made more _________ to the common people who have limited professional knowledge. A. convincing B. urgent C. accessible D. humble 15. We want to ________ our children with essential skills so that they can lead a better life in the future. A. compete B. equip C. tempt D. distract 16. ________ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood 17. After discussing the problem for three hours, they ________ their differences and finally reached the agreement. A. stood aside B. missed out C. put aside D. stood out 18. After hearing about her friend’s loss, Anna expressed her ________ by sending a bunch of flowers. A. sympathy B. hesitation C. integrity D. intention 19. I have been so ________ with work that I haven’t had time for social activities. A. considerate B. motivated C. appropriate D. occupied 20. ________ you are going through in the future, don’t be afraid and just believe in yourself. A. Whatever B. What C. Whoever D. However 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ____21____ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out ____22____ he were flying, his eyes wide with ____23____. His trust in me is ____24____ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of ____25____ . I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ____26____ , it will need more effort and sound judgment____27____ . Trust is such an important part of a ____28____ relationship that it’s something that can’t ____29____ to lose. Every time I _____30_____ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels _____31_____ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt ._____32_____ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to _____33_____ that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down. _____34_____ in the workplace, trust is important for strong _____35_____ . It is something that every manager should work hard to _____36_____ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to _____37_____ your directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A _____38_____ of trust can make people work against you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be _____39_____ you their best. Good _____40_____, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment. 21. A. deserve B. miss C. love D. know 22. A. as if B. in case C. even though D. so that 23. A. fear B. excitement C. doubt D. astonishment 24. A. reasonable B. limited C. absolute D. important 25. A. relief B. satisfaction C. achievement D. responsibility 26. A. older B. busier C. quieter D. healthier 27. A. on my behalf B. on my part C. in my honor D. in my name 28. A. long-distance B. high-risk C. parent-child D. teacher-student 29. A. afford B. choose C. wait D. expect 30. A. attach B. compare C. adjust D. introduce 31 A. safe B. happy C. proud D. grateful 32. A. Above all B. In addition C. At first D. For example 33. A. admit B. believe C. suggest D. imagine 34. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Fortunately 35. A. affection B. determination C. friendship D. leadership 36 A. assess B. organize C. develop D. understand 37. A. repeat B. follow C. change D. forget 38. A. gesture B. measure C. bond D. lack 39. A. telling B. giving C. selling D. sending 40. A. management B. personality C. communication D. education 第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） A What happens when we try foreign dishes for the first time? More often than not it is like finding ourselves in circumstances different from what is comfortably familiar. We hesitate and declare them unacceptable. Yet there are no universal standards for good cuisine (烹饪)；there’s only badly cooked food. We may not like some foreign dishes but that has nothing to do with their being inferior or superior. It has everything to do with how removed they are from what we know. A few years back I wasn’t particularly fond of Indian dishes with their strong spices. Then an Indian family moved in next door and I immediately became friends with the lady. Being very friendly people, they kept asking me over. Seeing as I had no choice, I gave in, went over and waited in horror. They served a lot of strange-looking dishes, whose aroma (香味) was inviting enough for me to sample them. And I felt sorry I did. My tongue felt like it was on fire! But I saw it through to the end so as not to endanger our neighbourly relationship. Needless to say, I was asked to come back for more. It took a few months, but I have actually come to love some hot Indian curries and overly honeyed desserts. In contrast, American steaks and burgers now strike me as downright dull, although I used to love them. Then there’s Japanese cuisine, which I associated with a smelly sushi bar next door until I went on a trip to Japan. I was served dishes of suspicious smell day in day out and, although they didn’t seem particularly delicious, upon my return home I found myself repeatedly wandering into that sushi bar around the corner. The smell I had thought terribly fishy before now seemed familiar and mouth-watering. In short, I have acquired the taste for some foreign dishes but not for all the food of any particular cuisine. In a way, the ability to acquire the taste for new foods has to do with a person’s ability to accept a culture. The ‘acquired taste’ for food goes beyond a taste bud (味蕾) experience. It has a lot to do with what a person associates the food with, like friendly neighbours or a memorable journey. Similarly, many of us find our mother’s cooking incomparable. But that isn’t necessarily because of our mother’s superior kitchen skills but because we associate her cooking with the warmth of home. 41. According to the author, what determines whether we like foreign dishes? A. Universal standards of good cuisine B. The price and presentation of the food C. The skill of the chef who prepares them D. How different they are from what we know. 42. Why did the author eventually enjoy Indian curries despite initial discomfort? A. The dishes became less spicy over time. B. Repeated exposure helped him adapt to the flavors. C. The neighbor’s persistence made it impossible to refuse. D. He discovered superior cooking methods in Indian cuisine. 43. Why does the author mention his neighbor’s sushi bar in Japan? A. To criticize the hygiene standards of foreign restaurants. B. To show how familiarity can change perceptions of food. C. To illustrate that Japanese cuisine is universally superior. D. To highlight the importance of trying raw fish dishes. 44. According to the last paragraph, acquiring new tastes ______ . A. is a sign of how open-minded a person is B. depends on how sensitive your taste buds are C. is like acquiring various cooking knowledge D. becomes easier if your mother isn’t a great cook 45. Which statement best summarizes the overall message of the article? A. Travelling is the best way to acquire new tastes. B. The smells and sight of food are often misleading. C. The stranger the food, the more difficult it is to like it. D. Experiences are crucial in determining food preferences. B Dreams, according to Carl Jung, reveal a certain amount of reality hidden during waking consciousness. In Jungian philosophy, the conflict and chaos experienced in dreams finally bring order to our lives. While Jung’s mystical theories are debatable, he was not mistaken about the importance of dreaming. A growing number of reports show that a continuous lack of dreaming is damaging our waking hours in many ways. This trend is causing damage to our immune and metabolic systems, let alone the electronic products that keep us up late at night are ruining our sleep patterns, which has long-term consequences on our memory system. One study showed that not allowing mice to have adequate amounts of REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, the stage in which we dream, the mice couldn’t strengthen memories. You might think this is just a sleep problem, but dreaming is inseparable from our nighttime rest. We sleep in cycles, each lasting about 90 minutes; in a sleep cycle, we go through non-REM sleep before hitting REM. As the night progresses, REM sleep periods increase in length while deep sleep (one of the stages of non-REM sleep) decreases. The longer we sleep, the more time we spend in REM, which is why we are often dreaming when waking up in the morning. If we sleep less than seven hours, however, it becomes harder to achieve this level of REM. The combination of sleeping and dreaming acts as an emotional stabilizer. We recover from emotional hurt faster when we sleep and dream properly. However, we’re not getting enough sleep to cycle through the stages to take advantage of this natural circadian anti-depressant (抗抑郁剂) — dreams. Instead, we get depressed and turn to alcohol or medicines to get to sleep, which only makes things worse because even one drink leads to late REM while anti-depressants promote deep sleep at the expense of REM. We’re paying for this lack of dreaming in many ways. For example, a 2021 study stated that compared with quiet rest and non-REM sleep, REM promoted the formation of associative networks and the integration of unassociated information. Volunteers that experienced more REM sleep were better equipped for solving problems requiring innovative solutions. Rowan Hooper, the managing editor at New Scientist, writes that dreams that include an “emotional core” appear to be a main function of REM sleep and that we should look at sleep patterns as seriously as we do diet and exercise habits. 46. What’s Carl Jung’s view about dreams? A. They cause chaos. B. They damage immunity. C. They reveal secrets. D. They mirror reality. 47. Why is the sleep process explained in Paragraph 3? A To show a dream mainly occurs during REM sleep. B. To prove the minimum sleep time should be seven hours. C. To prove dream problems and sleep problems are attached. D. To show people often dream when waking up in the morning. 48. Which of the following statements is true according to the author? A. Deep sleep is one of the stages of REM sleep. B. Adequate REM sleep contributes to a better memory. C. A sound sleep without dreams brings about stable emotions. D. The longer we sleep, the less time we spend in REM. 49. What conclusion can be inferred from Paragraph 5? A. Dreaming promotes creativity. B. Dreaming helps fight depression. C. The brain still receives new information during REM sleep. D. The brain is paying the price for having more non-REM sleep. 50. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. The importance of sleep lies in dreams. B. The absence of dreams is terrible for us. C. Dreaming patterns are more important than we realize. D. Dreaming has mystical power of strengthening memories. C Courage is a highly admired virtue. When asked to describe courage, most people conjure up (脑中浮现) the image of an individual running into a burning building, or maybe a hero saving the world. But there's another form of bravery that's much more important because it comes up more often. It's called moral courage. Moral courage is the ability that allows us to face our fears and to conquer our darkest fears. It’s the ability to face the future without knowing what is certain. It’s the ability to stand tall and confront those who oppose us, those who prevent us from realizing who we are and what we are. But most importantly, it’s the ability to stand up for what’s right, even though there are risks that stand in your way. Sara Anderson once said that "It takes great courage to faithfully follow what we know to be true." The potential of showing moral courage has the power of changing the world. It was because of the moral courage that Mahatma Gandhi was able to make India free from British rule. He fought bravely against them without the use of any weapon by presenting great moral courage. In this way, he also became a great example for the people of the whole world. It is not that we remember Gandhi because of his body or beauty. We remember him because of the great ideas and principles of his life. Moral courage is essential not only for a noble life but a happy one. Without moral courage, we have no control over our lives. Our fears destroy our spirit and make us trapped in depression. Mark Twain said, “Courage is not the absence of fear but the resistance of fear, the mastery of fear.” If our fears cause us to lose confidence in the power of virtue, we will lose something very precious. People with moral courage rarely get medals, but it is the best marker of true character and a virtue others can be proud of. We must try to develop the power of moral courage that will surely help in ending injustice and wrong and grant us a better world. 51. What is the main function of Paragraph 1? A. To make a comparison. B. To propose a definition. C. To introduce the subject. D. To provide the background. 52. In the author’s view, moral courage is not _________. A. the willingness to face and conquer fears B. the capacity to stick to what is right C. the ability to confront opponents D. the desire to control whoever opposes you 53. What does the example of Mahatma Gandhi tell us? A. Moral courage can make a difference to the world. B. Moral courage makes people faithfully follow the truth. C. Moral courage is essential for leading a happy life. D. Moral courage restricts great ideas and principles. 54. What can be inferred from Mark Twain’s words? A. Courage is being brave without any fear. B. Courage is a spirit to overcome the fear. C. Having a fear can limit our future lives. D. Fear can stop us from achieving our goals. 55. What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A. To end injustice and wrong. B. To pursue excellent virtues. C. To strengthen moral courage. D. To create a better world. 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）（共30分） 第四部分：写作（共二节，满分30分） 第一节 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答后面的问题。 I remembered an incident when I was a teenage girl clearly. Once, I was travelling by train with my mom and my elder sister to visit my grandparents in another city. It was a day journey and we entered the ladies compartment(车室)of the train. It was crowded but we got seats and settled down. We kept our luggage under the seats and waited for the train to start. Ladies kept on coming inside. The seats were quickly taken. Only one seat was empty when a woman with a baby entered. She was about to go over to the empty place when a big and strong man entered and walked to the seat quickly, sitting down with a thump(重击声). Therefore, the lady with the child held on to her bag and stood in the corner. I was watching all this angrily. I expected the woman standing there or any of the other ladies to speak out to ask the man to leave the ladies compartment. However, no one spoke. My mom and my sister had their eyes shut to rest, unaware of anything wrong. I decided I could not disturb them. I could have offered my place but I was already squashed(挤扁)between my mom and my sister. The train started. The woman standing beside the man was swaying(摇摆) to and fro with the train, with the screaming child in her arms. However, the manner-less man had no reaction. I was furious with the man for his bad behavior. I could no longer bear it, so I decided to help the woman in some way. I got up and walked calmly over to the man. I asked him if he could read. He made a bad face and said he could. Next, I asked him to read what was written on the back of his seat. He did so and saw “Ladies”on it. He got the point and left the compartment in a big hurry, almost falling. 56. Why did the author take the train journey? (no more than 5 words) ________________ 57. Why did the woman with a baby have to stand in the corner? (no more than 10 words) ________________ 58. What is the meaning of the underlined word “furious”in Paragraph 4? (1 word) ________________ 59. How did the author make the man realize his mistake? (no more than 15 words) ________________ 60. What do you think of the author’s act? Please explain. (no more than 25 words) ________________ 第二节 书面表达（20分） 61. 假设你是晨光中学的学生李津。你校将举行以“The Value of Self-control”为主题的英语演讲赛，外教老师Nancy给大家提供了三句名言。请你从中选择一句，结合自身经历或身边事件写一篇演讲稿，阐释名言含义、论证其价值，并谈谈这句话对你的启示。 名言如下： *The superior man must be watchful over himself when he is alone — Zeng Zi *Procrastination is like a credit card: it's a lot of fun until you get the bill. — Christopher Parker *No man is free who is not master of himself. — Epictetus 写作要点如下： 1. 选择以上一句名言解释其意义； 2. 用具体事例论证该观点； 3. 谈谈这句话对你的影响。 注意： 1词数不少于100，演讲稿格式规范（需包含开头问候、结尾致谢）； 2.论点明确，事例具体，逻辑连贯； 3.不得出现真实姓名、学校等个人信息。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 南开中学滨海生态城学校2025—2026（上）学年 高二年级第二次限时训练英语试卷 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（主观题）两部分，共150分，考试用时100分钟。 第Ⅰ卷（选择题）（共120分） 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分22.5分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. How much did the pink coat cost? A. $35. B. $50. C. $85. 2. What will the woman do next? A Make a telephone call. B. Go to her office. C. Visit a library. 3. Why is Alex applying for financial aid? A. He is out of work. B. He has lost lots of money. C. He has to support his little brother. 4. When does the conversation take place? A. On Monday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Friday. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A strike. B. An employee. C. A piece of news. 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 听下面三段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至8题。 6. How will the speakers travel this time? A. By plane. B. By ship. C. By train. 7. What does the man say about the last trip? A. The schedule was tight. B. It took him too much time. C. It gave him a surprising experience. 8. What will the speakers do tomorrow morning? A. Visit Joseph. B. Withdraw some money. C. Buy traveller's cheques. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至11题。 9. What relation is the woman to Mr. Callington? A. His secretary. B. His manager. C. His wife. 10. Where is Mr. Callington now? A. In his office. B. Out of town. C. In Houston. 11. Why does the man make the telephone call? A. To call off a meeting. B. To know about a trip plan. C. To change the time of an appointment. 听下面一段独白，回答第12至15题。 12. What could the man probably be? A. A writer. B. A zoo keeper. C. A journalist. 13. What will a defender cat do before a fight? A. Lie down its ears flat against its head. B. Turn its ears toward the side. C. Hold its tail straight up. 14. What part of a cat's body shows its feelings the best? A. The eyes. B. The tail. C. The legs. 15. How does a cat try to understand humans? A. By listening to their tones. B. By watching their gestures. C. By watching their eyes. 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分） 第一节：单项填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —Angela just doesn’t like me. She won’t even say hello. —________. Actually, she’s very shy. A. I have no idea B. Don’t jump to conclusions C. Don’t mention it D. There is no doubt about it 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：—Angela不喜欢我罢了。她甚至不愿意跟我打招呼。——不要太早下结论。事实上，她只是害羞而已。A. I have no idea 我不知道；B. Don’t jump to conclusions不要太早下结论；C. Don’t mention it不用谢；D. There is no doubt about it这一点毫无疑问。根据下文“Actually, she’s very shy.”可推断，不要太早下结论说Angela不喜欢说话人，她实际上只是害羞。故选B。 2. Good study habits can greatly ________ students’ ability to grasp complex concepts. A. rely B. facilitate C. cherish D. approve 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：良好的学习习惯能够极大地帮助学生掌握复杂概念的能力。A. rely依赖、依靠；B. facilitate促进、帮助；C. cherish珍惜、珍视；D. approve赞成、认可。根据后文students’ ability to grasp complex concepts的语境，此处表示“促进、提升能力”，facilitate契合语义。故选B项。 3. Our special thanks go to thousands of volunteers, without ___________ tireless work, none of this would be possible. A. that B. whose C. which D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们特别感谢成千上万的志愿者，没有他们不知疲倦的工作，这一切都不可能实现。空处为“介词without+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词volunteers，先行词在定语从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导该定语从句。故选B项。 4. To form an informed opinion, one must view the problem ________ instead of through personal emotions. A. constantly B. gradually C. objectively D. instantly 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了形成一个有根据的意见，一个人必须客观地看待问题，而不是通过个人情感。A. constantly不断地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. objectively客观地；D. instantly立即地。根据下文“instead of through personal emotions”可知，此处表示要客观地看待问题，而不是通过个人情感，C选项符合句意。故选C。 5. —I saw Mr. Thompson at the airport this morning. —It ______ him. He’s on a business trip in New York until Friday. A. couldn’t be B. shouldn’t have been C. mustn’t be D. can’t have been 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词用法辨析。句意：——今天早上我在机场看到汤普森先生了。——不可能是他。他一直在纽约出差，要到周五才回来。A. couldn’t be不可能是（用于对现在情况的否定推测）；B. shouldn’t have been本不应该是（表虚拟，指过去本不该发生的事却发生了）；C. mustn’t be不应该（表不应该，不用于推测）；D. can’t have been不可能是（用于对过去情况的否定推测）。由语意可知，“看到汤普森先生”是早上发生的过去动作，且根据“他在纽约出差到周五”的事实，可判断过去看到的人“不可能是他”，需用对过去情况的否定推测。故选D项。 6. Knowing your weakness lies is one of the first and most challenging steps in learning to manage yourself. A. that B. what C. how D. where 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：知道你的弱点在哪里是学习自我管理的第一步也是最具挑战性的步骤之一。“your weakness lies”是宾语从句，表示“你的弱点在哪里”，用连接副词where引导宾语从句，在从句中作地点状语。故选D项。 7. Thankfully, the measures _________ to prevent the damage to the environment before it was too late. A. have been taken B. had taken C. had been taken D. were taken 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：值得庆幸的是，在一切为时已晚之前，已经采取了措施来防止对环境的破坏。由before it was too late可知，措施是在过去的过去完成的，时态用过去完成时，措施是被采取，因此用过去完成时的被动语态had been done，故选C。 8. I make it a(n)________ that I should lay aside half an hour every day to write my diary. A. devotion B. virtue C. routine D. evidence 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把每天留出半小时写日记作为一种惯例。A. devotion奉献；B. virtue美德；C. routine常规，惯例；D. evidence证据。根据后文“I should lay aside half an hour every day to write my diary”指把每天留出半小时写日记作为一种惯例。故选C。 9. ________ these big spenders, there are also teens that prove age is no barrier to making good use of money. A. In honor of B. In charge of C. In contrast to D. In search of 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：与这些大手大脚的消费者相比，也有一些青少年证明年龄并不是合理理财的障碍。A. In honor of为了纪念、为向……致敬；B. In charge of负责、掌管；C. In contrast to与……相比、与……形成对照；D. In search of寻找、搜寻。根据后文there are also teens的对比表述，此处是将两类青少年进行对照，in contrast to契合语境。故选C项。 10. Our manager ________ for Shanghai in a few days, because he ________ a meeting at this time next week. A. is leaving,will be attending B. will leave, is attending C. leaves, will attend D. is to leave, is going to attend 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们经理几天后要去上海，因为下周这个时候他要参加一个会议。第一空根据后文in a few days可知，此处指按计划安排将要做某事，为现在进行时表将来；第二空根据后文at this time next week可知，此处指将来某个时刻正在发生，为将来进行时。故选A。 11. to the teaching cause, she spends countless hours preparing lessons and mentoring students. A. Devoted B. Devoting C. Having devoted D. Devote 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她致力于教学事业，花了无数时间备课和辅导学生。逗号后面是完整的句子结构，所以空前是非谓语动词短语，在句中作状语。devote和逻辑主语she之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词。故选A。 12. There are now more community events people could gather to share an experience that couldn’t be downloaded. A. why B. what C. that D. where 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：现在有更多的社区活动可以让人们聚集在一起分享一种无法下载的体验。空处引导定语从句，修饰events，在从句中作抽象地点状语，因此使用表示地点的关系副词where来引导定语从句。故选D。 13. —Would you mind helping me with these boxes? — . I’ll grab one right away. A. Maybe later B. With pleasure C. Don’t count on it D. Don’t bother 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你介意帮我搬这些箱子吗？——很乐意。我马上拿一个。A. Maybe later也许以后；B. With pleasure当然了，很愿意；C. Don’t count on it那可靠不住，别指望它；D. Don’t bother不用麻烦。根据空后的I’ll grab one right away可知，这里表示乐意帮对方忙，with pleasure常用来表示接受对方的请求。故选B。 14. Information of this kind should be made more _________ to the common people who have limited professional knowledge. A. convincing B. urgent C. accessible D. humble 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这类信息应该让专业知识有限的普通人更容易获得。A. convincing有说服力的；B. urgent紧急的；C. accessible易获得的；D. humble谦卑的。根据“to the common people who have limited professional knowledge”可知，要让专业知识有限的普通人“更容易获得”这类信息，用形容词accessible。故选C项。 15. We want to ________ our children with essential skills so that they can lead a better life in the future. A. compete B. equip C. tempt D. distract 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们想为我们的孩子配备必要的技能，以便他们将来能过上更好的生活。A. compete竞争；B. equip配备；C. tempt诱惑；D. distract分散注意力。根据下文“with essential skills”可知，此处表示为孩子配备必要的技能，equip...with...为固定短语，意为“为……配备……”。故选B。 16. ________ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：了解你自己的需求和沟通方式与学习传达你的感情和情绪同样重要。不定式（短语）或动名词（短语）均可作主语，区别在于不定式常表示将来，是特指；而动名词表示一般情况，是泛指。而本句指的是普遍现象，属泛指，故用动名词较好。故选A。 17. After discussing the problem for three hours, they ________ their differences and finally reached the agreement. A. stood aside B. missed out C. put aside D. stood out 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过三个小时的讨论，他们搁置了分歧，最终达成了协议。A. stood aside站到一边；B. missed out错过；C. put aside搁置；D. stood out突出。根据下文“their differences and finally reached the agreement”可知，此处表示他们搁置了分歧，最终达成了协议，C选项符合句意。故选C。 18. After hearing about her friend’s loss, Anna expressed her ________ by sending a bunch of flowers. A. sympathy B. hesitation C. integrity D. intention 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在得知朋友的损失后，安娜送了一束花以表示同情。A. sympathy同情；B. hesitation犹豫；C. integrity正直；D. intention意图。根据下文“by sending a bunch of flowers”可知，此处表示安娜送花以表示同情，A选项符合句意。故选A。 19. I have been so ________ with work that I haven’t had time for social activities. A. considerate B. motivated C. appropriate D. occupied 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直忙于工作，以至于没有时间参加社交活动。A. considerate体贴的、考虑周到的；B. motivated有积极性的、有动力的；C. appropriate合适的、恰当的；D. occupied忙碌的、被占用的。结合后文“I haven’t had time for social activities”的语境，occupied契合语义，构成固定搭配be occupied with sth.表示“忙于某事”。故选D项。 20. ________ you are going through in the future, don’t be afraid and just believe in yourself. A. Whatever B. What C. Whoever D. However 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查让步状语从句的连接词。句意：无论你将来经历什么，都不要害怕，要相信自己。A. Whatever无论什么；B. What什么；C. Whoever无论谁；D. However无论如何。根据下文“you are going through in the future”可知，此处表示无论将来经历什么，应用whatever引导让步状语从句，在从句中作宾语。故选A。 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ____21____ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out ____22____ he were flying, his eyes wide with ____23____. His trust in me is ____24____ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of ____25____ . I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ____26____ , it will need more effort and sound judgment____27____ . Trust is such an important part of a ____28____ relationship that it’s something that can’t ____29____ to lose. Every time I _____30_____ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels _____31_____ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt ._____32_____ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to _____33_____ that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down. _____34_____ in the workplace, trust is important for strong _____35_____ . It is something that every manager should work hard to _____36_____ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to _____37_____ your directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A _____38_____ of trust can make people work against you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be _____39_____ you their best. Good _____40_____, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment. 21. A. deserve B. miss C. love D. know 22. A. as if B. in case C. even though D. so that 23. A. fear B. excitement C. doubt D. astonishment 24. A. reasonable B. limited C. absolute D. important 25. A. relief B. satisfaction C. achievement D. responsibility 26. A. older B. busier C. quieter D. healthier 27. A. on my behalf B. on my part C. in my honor D. in my name 28. A. long-distance B. high-risk C. parent-child D. teacher-student 29. A. afford B. choose C. wait D. expect 30. A. attach B. compare C. adjust D. introduce 31. A. safe B. happy C. proud D. grateful 32. A. Above all B. In addition C. At first D. For example 33. A. admit B. believe C. suggest D. imagine 34. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Fortunately 35. A. affection B. determination C. friendship D. leadership 36. A. assess B. organize C. develop D. understand 37. A. repeat B. follow C. change D. forget 38. A. gesture B. measure C. bond D. lack 39. A. telling B. giving C. selling D. sending 40. A. management B. personality C. communication D. education 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. D 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任的重要性。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住——而且他们喜欢这样做。A. deserve值得；B. miss错过；C. love爱；D. know知道。根据下文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. as if 好像；B. in case以防；C. even though即使；D. so that以便。根据“he were flying”可知，本句为虚拟语气，好像在飞。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. fear害怕；B. excitement兴奋；C. doubt怀疑；D. astonishment惊讶。根据上文“He throws his arms and legs out 　　　2　　 he were flying,”可知，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. reasonable合理的；B. limited有限的；C. absolute完全的，绝对的；D. important重要的。根据上文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子要求一次次被仍向空中，由此可知，他对父亲是完全信任的。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. relief宽慰；B. satisfaction满意；C. achievement成就；D. responsibility责任。结合语境，此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父亲的责任，即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. older年龄较大的；B. busier较为忙的；C. quieter较安静的；D. healthier较健康的。根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment ____7____”可知，随着他长大，这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. on my behalf代表我；B. on my part就我来说；C. in my honor以我的名誉；D. in my name以我的名义。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以需要“我”付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. long-distance长途的；B. high-risk高风险的；C. parent-child父母子女的；D. teacher-student师生的。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以是一中亲子关系。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. afford支付得起；B. choose选择；C. wait等待；D. expect期望。根据上文“Trust is such an important part of a ____8____ relationship”可知，它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。 A. attach贴上；B. compare对比；C. adjust调整； D. introduce介绍。根据下文“to something new”可知，作者介绍给儿子新的东西。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。A. safe安全的；B. happy快乐的；C. proud自豪的； D. grateful感激的。根据上文“he trusts me”可知，只是因为他相信作者，觉得安全。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. Above all首先重要的是；B. In addition除此之外；C. At first首先；D. For example例如。根据下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to ____13____ ”可知，作者在举例子。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. admit承认；B. believe相信；C. suggest建议；D. imagine想象。根据上文“because he trusts me”可知，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，作者能去救他。这是父子信任的一个很好的例子。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Similarly相似地；D. Fortunately幸运地。作者从父子之间的信任转移到职场，所以同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. affection感情；B. determination决定；C. friendship友谊；D. leadership领导力。根据下文“It is something that every manager”可知，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D项。 【36题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是每个管理者都应该努力在团队中培养的品质。A. assess评估；B. organize组织；C. develop发展，培养；D. understand理解。根据常识可知，信任需要培养。故选C项。 【37题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示，并不愿意成为忠诚的团队成员。A. repeat重复；B. follow跟随；C. change改变； D. forget忘记。根据上文“If people don’t trust you”可知，人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B项。 【38题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏信任会让人们与你作对，而不是帮助你。A. gesture姿势；B. measure测量；C. bond纽带；D. lack缺少。根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知，缺乏信任会让人们与你作对。故选D项。 【39题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少，这意味着人们不会给你最好的回应。A. telling告诉；B. giving给；C. selling卖；D. sending发送。其他人不信任你，所以不会给你最好的回应。故选B项。 【40题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的管理，就像好的育儿一样，是一种长期的承诺。A. management管理；B. personality个性；C. communication交流；D. education教育。根据上文“in the workplace”以及“manager”客户，作者在说管理。故选A项。 第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） A What happens when we try foreign dishes for the first time? More often than not it is like finding ourselves in circumstances different from what is comfortably familiar. We hesitate and declare them unacceptable. Yet there are no universal standards for good cuisine (烹饪)；there’s only badly cooked food. We may not like some foreign dishes but that has nothing to do with their being inferior or superior. It has everything to do with how removed they are from what we know. A few years back I wasn’t particularly fond of Indian dishes with their strong spices. Then an Indian family moved in next door and I immediately became friends with the lady. Being very friendly people, they kept asking me over. Seeing as I had no choice, I gave in, went over and waited in horror. They served a lot of strange-looking dishes, whose aroma (香味) was inviting enough for me to sample them. And I felt sorry I did. My tongue felt like it was on fire! But I saw it through to the end so as not to endanger our neighbourly relationship. Needless to say, I was asked to come back for more. It took a few months, but I have actually come to love some hot Indian curries and overly honeyed desserts. In contrast, American steaks and burgers now strike me as downright dull, although I used to love them. Then there’s Japanese cuisine, which I associated with a smelly sushi bar next door until I went on a trip to Japan. I was served dishes of suspicious smell day in day out and, although they didn’t seem particularly delicious, upon my return home I found myself repeatedly wandering into that sushi bar around the corner. The smell I had thought terribly fishy before now seemed familiar and mouth-watering. In short, I have acquired the taste for some foreign dishes but not for all the food of any particular cuisine. In a way, the ability to acquire the taste for new foods has to do with a person’s ability to accept a culture. The ‘acquired taste’ for food goes beyond a taste bud (味蕾) experience. It has a lot to do with what a person associates the food with, like friendly neighbours or a memorable journey. Similarly, many of us find our mother’s cooking incomparable. But that isn’t necessarily because of our mother’s superior kitchen skills but because we associate her cooking with the warmth of home. 41. According to the author, what determines whether we like foreign dishes? A. Universal standards of good cuisine B. The price and presentation of the food C. The skill of the chef who prepares them D. How different they are from what we know. 42. Why did the author eventually enjoy Indian curries despite initial discomfort? A. The dishes became less spicy over time. B. Repeated exposure helped him adapt to the flavors. C. The neighbor’s persistence made it impossible to refuse. D. He discovered superior cooking methods in Indian cuisine. 43. Why does the author mention his neighbor’s sushi bar in Japan? A. To criticize the hygiene standards of foreign restaurants. B. To show how familiarity can change perceptions of food. C. To illustrate that Japanese cuisine is universally superior. D. To highlight the importance of trying raw fish dishes. 44. According to the last paragraph, acquiring new tastes ______ . A. is a sign of how open-minded a person is B. depends on how sensitive your taste buds are C. is like acquiring various cooking knowledge D. becomes easier if your mother isn’t a great cook 45. Which statement best summarizes the overall message of the article? A. Travelling is the best way to acquire new tastes. B. The smells and sight of food are often misleading. C. The stranger the food, the more difficult it is to like it. D. Experiences are crucial in determining food preferences. 【答案】41. D 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是人们对外国菜肴的喜好由其与熟知食物的差异、个人经历及文化接受度决定。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We may not like some foreign dishes but that has nothing to do with their being inferior or superior. It has everything to do with how removed they are from what we know. (我们可能不喜欢某些外国菜肴，但这与它们的优劣无关。这完全取决于它们与我们所熟悉的食物有多大的差异。)”可知，作者认为决定是否喜欢外国菜肴的关键是其与已知食物的差异程度。故选D项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It took a few months, but I have actually come to love some hot Indian curries and overly honeyed desserts. (过了几个月，但我实际上已经开始喜欢一些辣的印度咖喱和过于甜腻的甜点了。)”结合前文多次尝试邻居家印度菜的经历可知，反复接触使作者适应了印度菜的风味。故选B项。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The smell I had thought terribly fishy before now seemed familiar and mouth-watering. (我以前觉得极其腥气的味道现在似乎变得熟悉且令人垂涎。)”可知，作者通过多次体验日本料理，对其看法从排斥变为喜爱，说明熟悉感会改变对食物的认知。故选B项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In a way, the ability to acquire the taste for new foods has to do with a person’s ability to accept a culture. (在某种程度上，培养对新食物的喜好的能力与一个人接受一种文化的能力有关。)”可知，接受新口味体现了一个人的开放心态。故选A项。 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“In short, I have acquired the taste for some foreign dishes but not for all the food of any particular cuisine. In a way, the ability to acquire the taste for new foods has to do with a person’s ability to accept a culture. The ‘acquired taste’ for food goes beyond a taste bud (味蕾) experience. It has a lot to do with what a person associates the food with, like friendly neighbours or a memorable journey. (简而言之，我已经逐渐喜欢上一些外国菜肴，但并非对某一特定菜系的所有食物都感兴趣。在某种程度上，培养对新食物的喜好的能力与一个人接受不同文化的能力有关。对食物的 “后天喜好” 超越了单纯的味蕾体验，它与一个人将食物与某些事物的关联密切相关，比如友好的邻居或一次难忘的旅程。)”以及上文作者的个人经历可知，全文通过作者的亲身经历，强调对食物的喜好并非由食物本身优劣决定，而是与个人经历、文化关联密切（如邻居的友好、旅行的记忆）。故选D项。 B Dreams, according to Carl Jung, reveal a certain amount of reality hidden during waking consciousness. In Jungian philosophy, the conflict and chaos experienced in dreams finally bring order to our lives. While Jung’s mystical theories are debatable, he was not mistaken about the importance of dreaming. A growing number of reports show that a continuous lack of dreaming is damaging our waking hours in many ways. This trend is causing damage to our immune and metabolic systems, let alone the electronic products that keep us up late at night are ruining our sleep patterns, which has long-term consequences on our memory system. One study showed that not allowing mice to have adequate amounts of REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, the stage in which we dream, the mice couldn’t strengthen memories. You might think this is just a sleep problem, but dreaming is inseparable from our nighttime rest. We sleep in cycles, each lasting about 90 minutes; in a sleep cycle, we go through non-REM sleep before hitting REM. As the night progresses, REM sleep periods increase in length while deep sleep (one of the stages of non-REM sleep) decreases. The longer we sleep, the more time we spend in REM, which is why we are often dreaming when waking up in the morning. If we sleep less than seven hours, however, it becomes harder to achieve this level of REM. The combination of sleeping and dreaming acts as an emotional stabilizer. We recover from emotional hurt faster when we sleep and dream properly. However, we’re not getting enough sleep to cycle through the stages to take advantage of this natural circadian anti-depressant (抗抑郁剂) — dreams. Instead, we get depressed and turn to alcohol or medicines to get to sleep, which only makes things worse because even one drink leads to late REM while anti-depressants promote deep sleep at the expense of REM. We’re paying for this lack of dreaming in many ways. For example, a 2021 study stated that compared with quiet rest and non-REM sleep, REM promoted the formation of associative networks and the integration of unassociated information. Volunteers that experienced more REM sleep were better equipped for solving problems requiring innovative solutions. Rowan Hooper, the managing editor at New Scientist, writes that dreams that include an “emotional core” appear to be a main function of REM sleep and that we should look at sleep patterns as seriously as we do diet and exercise habits. 46. What’s Carl Jung’s view about dreams? A. They cause chaos. B. They damage immunity. C. They reveal secrets. D. They mirror reality. 47. Why is the sleep process explained in Paragraph 3? A. To show a dream mainly occurs during REM sleep. B. To prove the minimum sleep time should be seven hours. C. To prove dream problems and sleep problems are attached. D. To show people often dream when waking up in the morning. 48. Which of the following statements is true according to the author? A. Deep sleep is one of the stages of REM sleep. B. Adequate REM sleep contributes to a better memory. C. A sound sleep without dreams brings about stable emotions. D. The longer we sleep, the less time we spend in REM. 49. What conclusion can be inferred from Paragraph 5? A. Dreaming promotes creativity. B. Dreaming helps fight depression. C. The brain still receives new information during REM sleep. D. The brain is paying the price for having more non-REM sleep. 50. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. The importance of sleep lies in dreams. B. The absence of dreams is terrible for us. C. Dreaming patterns are more important than we realize. D. Dreaming has mystical power of strengthening memories. 【答案】46. D 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了睡眠中做梦的重要性和各种好处，以及不做梦给我们带来的损害，告诉我们要重视睡眠模式。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Dreams, according to Carl Jung, reveal a certain amount of reality hidden during waking consciousness. (根据卡尔·荣格的说法，梦揭示了在清醒意识中隐藏的一定数量的现实)”可知，卡尔·荣格认为梦反映事实。故选D。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“You might think this is just a sleep problem, but dreaming is inseparable from our nighttime rest. (你可能认为这只是睡眠问题，但做梦与夜间休息是分不开的)”以及“The longer we sleep, the more time we spend in REM, which is why we are often dreaming when waking up in the morning. If we sleep less than seven hours, however, it becomes harder to achieve this level of REM. (我们睡得越久，快速眼动阶段的时间就越长，这就是为什么我们早上醒来时经常做梦。然而，如果我们的睡眠时间少于7小时，就很难达到这种水平的快速眼动)”可知，做梦时长与睡眠时长有直接关系，睡眠时长过短就无法做梦。由此推知，第三段解释睡眠过程是为了证明做梦问题和睡眠问题是联系在一起的。故选C。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“One study showed that not allowing mice to have adequate amounts of REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, the stage in which we dream, the mice couldn’t strengthen memories. (一项研究表明，如果不让老鼠有足够的REM（快速眼动）睡眠，也就是我们做梦的阶段，老鼠就不能加强记忆)”可知，充足的快速眼动睡眠有助于提高记忆力。故选B。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“For example, a 2021 study stated that compared with quiet rest and non-REM sleep, REM promoted the formation of associative networks and the integration of unassociated information. Volunteers that experienced more REM sleep were better equipped for solving problems requiring innovative solutions. (例如，2021年的一项研究表明，与安静休息和非快速眼动睡眠相比，快速眼动睡眠促进了联想网络的形成和非关联信息的整合。经历了更多快速眼动睡眠的志愿者更善于解决需要创造性解决方案的问题)”可知，做梦促进形成联想网络、整合非关联信息，让人更善于提出创造性解决方案。由此可知，做梦能促进创造力。故选A。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“While Jung’s mystical theories are debatable, he was not mistaken about the importance of dreaming. A growing number of reports show that a continuous lack of dreaming is damaging our waking hours in many ways. (虽然荣格的神秘主义理论是有争议的，但他对做梦的重要性的认识并没有错。越来越多的报告显示，持续缺乏做梦正在从很多方面损害我们清醒的时间)”可知，文章在第一段指出做梦很重要，做梦的缺乏会给我们带来损害。第二段介绍缺少做梦会对我们的免疫系统、新陈代谢和记忆造成损害，第三段解释做梦和睡眠的关系，第四段表明睡眠和做梦结合起来可以起到稳定情绪的作用，第五段说明我们正以许多方式为缺乏做梦付出代价。由此可知，文章主要讲了不做梦对于我们来说是可怕的。故选B。 C Courage is a highly admired virtue. When asked to describe courage most people conjure up (脑中浮现) the image of an individual running into a burning building, or maybe a hero saving the world. But there's another form of bravery that's much more important because it comes up more often. It's called moral courage. Moral courage is the ability that allows us to face our fears and to conquer our darkest fears. It’s the ability to face the future without knowing what is certain. It’s the ability to stand tall and confront those who oppose us, those who prevent us from realizing who we are and what we are. But most importantly, it’s the ability to stand up for what’s right, even though there are risks that stand in your way. Sara Anderson once said that "It takes great courage to faithfully follow what we know to be true." The potential of showing moral courage has the power of changing the world. It was because of the moral courage that Mahatma Gandhi was able to make India free from British rule. He fought bravely against them without the use of any weapon by presenting great moral courage. In this way, he also became a great example for the people of the whole world. It is not that we remember Gandhi because of his body or beauty. We remember him because of the great ideas and principles of his life. Moral courage is essential not only for a noble life, but a happy one. Without moral courage, we have no control over our lives. Our fears destroy our spirit and make us trapped in depression. Mark Twain said, “Courage is not the absence of fear but the resistance of fear, the mastery of fear.” If our fears cause us to lose confidence in the power of virtue, we will lose something very precious. People with moral courage rarely get medals, but it is the best marker of true character and a virtue others can be proud of. We must try to develop the power of moral courage that will surely help in ending injustice and wrong and grant us a better world. 51. What is the main function of Paragraph 1? A. To make a comparison. B. To propose a definition. C. To introduce the subject. D To provide the background. 52. In the author’s view, moral courage is not _________. A. the willingness to face and conquer fears B. the capacity to stick to what is right C. the ability to confront opponents D. the desire to control whoever opposes you 53. What does the example of Mahatma Gandhi tell us? A. Moral courage can make a difference to the world. B. Moral courage makes people faithfully follow the truth. C. Moral courage is essential for leading a happy life. D Moral courage restricts great ideas and principles. 54. What can be inferred from Mark Twain’s words? A. Courage is being brave without any fear. B. Courage is a spirit to overcome the fear. C. Having a fear can limit our future lives. D. Fear can stop us from achieving our goals. 55. What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A. To end injustice and wrong. B. To pursue excellent virtues. C. To strengthen moral courage. D. To create a better world. 【答案】51. C 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文，主要阐述了什么是道德勇气，以及道德勇气的重要性。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。根据以第一段“Courage is a highly admired virtue.(勇气是一种备受推崇的美德。)”，和“But there's another form of bravery that's much more important because it comes up more often. It's called moral courage.(但是还有另一种形式的勇敢更重要，因为它出现的频率更高。这叫道德勇气。)”可知，本文重点介绍道德勇气。且下文主要讲述了什么是道德勇气，以及道德勇气的重要性。所以，第一段的主要目的是引出话题，故选C。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Moral courage is the ability that allows us to face our fears and to conquer our darkest fears. It’s the ability to face the future without knowing what is certain. It’s the ability to stand tall and confront those who oppose us, those who prevent us from realizing who we are and what we are. But most importantly, it’s the ability to stand up for what’s right, even though there are risks that stand in your way.( 道德勇气是一种能力，使我们能够面对自己恐惧，克服最黑暗的恐惧。这是一种在不知道什么是确定的情况下面对未来的能力。这是一种能够挺身而出，直面那些反对我们的人，那些阻止我们认识自己和自己的人的能力。但最重要的是，这是一种坚持什么是正确的能力，即使存在阻碍你前进的风险)”可知，在作者看来，道德勇气不是控制任何反对你的人的欲望，故选D。 【53题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The potential of showing moral courage has the power of changing the world. It was because of the moral courage that Mahatma Gandhi was able to make India free from British rule.(道德勇气的潜力具有改变世界的力量。正是由于这种道德勇气，圣雄甘地才能够使印度摆脱英国的统治。)”可知，真是由于甘地有道德勇气，才使得印度独立。道德勇气在改变世界中起着重要作用，故选A。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Courage is not the absence of fear but the resistance of fear, the mastery of fear.(勇气不是没有恐惧，而是对恐惧的抵抗，对恐惧的掌握。)”可知，勇气是一种克服恐惧的精神，故选B。 【55题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“We must try to develop the power of moral courage that will surely help in ending injustice and wrong and grant us a better world.(我们必须努力发展道德勇气的力量，这必将有助于结束不公正和错误，给我们一个更美好的世界。)”可知，作者建议我们要增强道德勇气，故选C。 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）（共30分） 第四部分：写作（共二节，满分30分） 第一节 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答后面的问题。 I remembered an incident when I was a teenage girl clearly. Once, I was travelling by train with my mom and my elder sister to visit my grandparents in another city. It was a day journey and we entered the ladies compartment(车室)of the train. It was crowded but we got seats and settled down. We kept our luggage under the seats and waited for the train to start. Ladies kept on coming inside. The seats were quickly taken. Only one seat was empty when a woman with a baby entered. She was about to go over to the empty place when a big and strong man entered and walked to the seat quickly, sitting down with a thump(重击声). Therefore, the lady with the child held on to her bag and stood in the corner. I was watching all this angrily. I expected the woman standing there or any of the other ladies to speak out to ask the man to leave the ladies compartment. However, no one spoke. My mom and my sister had their eyes shut to rest, unaware of anything wrong. I decided I could not disturb them. I could have offered my place but I was already squashed(挤扁)between my mom and my sister. The train started. The woman standing beside the man was swaying(摇摆) to and fro with the train, with the screaming child in her arms. However, the manner-less man had no reaction. I was furious with the man for his bad behavior. I could no longer bear it, so I decided to help the woman in some way. I got up and walked calmly over to the man. I asked him if he could read. He made a bad face and said he could. Next, I asked him to read what was written on the back of his seat. He did so and saw “Ladies”on it. He got the point and left the compartment in a big hurry, almost falling. 56. Why did the author take the train journey? (no more than 5 words) ________________ 57. Why did the woman with a baby have to stand in the corner? (no more than 10 words) ________________ 58. What is the meaning of the underlined word “furious”in Paragraph 4? (1 word) ________________ 59. How did the author make the man realize his mistake? (no more than 15 words) ________________ 60. What do you think of the author’s act? Please explain. (no more than 25 words) ________________ 【答案】56. She went to visit grandparents. 57. A man took the last empty seat. 58. Angry 59. She asked him to read what was written on the back of his seat. 60. Caring and courageous. She cared about the woman with a baby and was the only one who reminded men of their mistakes. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和母亲以及姐姐坐火车去看祖父母，在火车上看到一个男人走进了女士车厢，并把最后一个空位占了，导致一个带着孩子的女士只能站着，作者很生气，最后她想办法提醒了那位男士这是女士车厢，让他羞愧离去。 【56题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Once, I was travelling by train with my mom and my elder sister to visit my grandparents in another city.(有一次，我和妈妈、姐姐坐火车去另一个城市看望爷爷奶奶)”可知，作者要去看望祖父母，所以才坐火车。故填She went to visit grandparents. 【57题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“She was about to go over to the empty place when a big and strong man entered and walked to the seat quickly, sitting down with a thump. Therefore, the lady with the child held on to her bag and stood in the corner.(她正要走到那个空位子上，这时一个高大强壮的男人走了进来，迅速走到座位前，砰的一声坐了下来。因此，带孩子的女士抓住她的包站在角落里)”可知，一个男人坐了车厢里的最后一个空位，所以带着孩子的女士只能站在角落里。故填A man took the last empty seat. 【58题详解】 考查词句猜测。根据最后一段中“However, the manner-less man had no reaction.(然而，这个无礼的人没有任何反应)”以及“I could no longer bear it, so I decided to help the woman in some way.(我再也无法忍受了，所以我决定以某种方式帮助那个女人)”可推知，作者不能忍受男人的无礼行为，所以她是很生气的，可推出furious是“生气”之意，和angry意思相近。故填Angry。 【59题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“I got up and walked calmly over to the man. I asked him if he could read. He made a bad face and said he could. Next, I asked him to read what was written on the back of his seat. He did so and saw “Ladies”on it. He got the point and left the compartment in a big hurry, almost falling.(我站起来，平静地向那个人走去。我问他是否识字。他做了个鬼脸，说他可以。接下来，我让他读了写在椅背上的字。他照做了，看到上面写着“女士们”。他明白了，匆忙地离开了车厢，差点摔倒)”可知，作者要求男人看椅背上的字，让他意识到这是女士车厢。故填She asked him to read what was written on the back of his seat. 【60题详解】 开放性试题。根据第二段“Only one seat was empty when a woman with a baby entered. She was about to go over to the empty place when a big and strong man entered and walked to the seat quickly, sitting down with a thump. Therefore, the lady with the child held on to her bag and stood in the corner. I was watching all this angrily.(当一位抱着婴儿的妇女进来时，只有一个座位空着。她正要走到那个空位子上，这时一个高大强壮的男人走了进来，迅速走到座位前，砰的一声坐了下来。因此，带孩子的女士抓住她的包站在角落里。我愤怒地看着这一切)”以及最后一段“I could no longer bear it, so I decided to help the woman in some way. I got up and walked calmly over to the man. I asked him if he could read. He made a bad face and said he could. Next, I asked him to read what was written on the back of his seat. He did so and saw “Ladies”on it. He got the point and left the compartment in a big hurry, almost falling.(我再也无法忍受了，所以我决定以某种方式帮助那个女人。我站起来，平静地向那个人走去。我问他是否识字。他做了个鬼脸，说他可以。接下来，我让他读了写在椅背上的字。他照做了，看到上面写着“女士们”。他明白了，匆忙地离开了车厢，差点摔倒)”可知，作者关心带孩子的女士，并且是唯一一个提醒男人错误的人，所以是有爱心和勇气的。故填Caring and courageous. She cared about the woman with a baby and was the only one who reminded men of their mistakes. 第二节 书面表达（20分） 61. 假设你是晨光中学的学生李津。你校将举行以“The Value of Self-control”为主题的英语演讲赛，外教老师Nancy给大家提供了三句名言。请你从中选择一句，结合自身经历或身边事件写一篇演讲稿，阐释名言含义、论证其价值，并谈谈这句话对你的启示。 名言如下： *The superior man must be watchful over himself when he is alone — Zeng Zi *Procrastination is like a credit card: it's a lot of fun until you get the bill. — Christopher Parker *No man is free who is not master of himself. — Epictetus 写作要点如下： 1. 选择以上一句名言解释其意义； 2. 用具体事例论证该观点； 3. 谈谈这句话对你的影响。 注意： 1.词数不少于100，演讲稿格式规范（需包含开头问候、结尾致谢）； 2.论点明确，事例具体，逻辑连贯； 3.不得出现真实姓名、学校等个人信息。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Good morning, everyone! Today, I’d like to share my thoughts on the quote by Epictetus: “No man is free who is not master of himself.” To me, this means true freedom comes from self-control — the ability to manage your impulses, emotions, and choices, rather than being ruled by them. I learned this lesson last semester during exam season. At first, I kept putting off revision to play online games, telling myself “I’ll study later.” But as the test drew closer, I felt anxious and unprepared. Finally, I decided to take control: I set a strict schedule, turned off my phone, and stuck to it. The result? Not only did I do well, but I also felt calm and proud — because I had mastered myself, not the other way around. This quote has deeply influenced me. It reminds me that discipline isn’t a cage — it’s the key to real freedom. When we control ourselves, we gain the power to shape our lives. Thank you! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以晨光中学学生李津的身份，撰写一篇以“The Value of Self-control”为主题的英语演讲稿，需从给定的三句名言中选一句，结合自身经历阐释名言含义、论证其价值并谈谈启示。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 自由：freedom→liberty 冲动：impulse→urge 坚持：stick to→adhere to 塑造：shape→forge 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I learned this lesson last semester during exam season. 拓展句：It was last semester during exam season that I learned this lesson. 【点睛】【高分句型1】At first, I kept putting off revision to play online games, telling myself “I’ll study later.”（运用了现在分词短语作状语） 【高分句型2】Not only did I do well, but I also felt calm and proud — because I had mastered myself, not the other way around.（运用了“not only...but also...”的倒装结构，以及because引导的原因状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $