2026年中考英语必备语法 part 13 被动语态

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考核心语法“被动语态”，系统覆盖基本转换方法、双宾动词处理、八大时态及情态动词被动结构，通过“考点梳理-方法归纳-真题训练”教学流程，帮助学生突破主动被动转换、时态匹配等难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 亮点在于“情境化实战”设计，结合核心素养中的语言能力和思维品质培养，如通过双宾动词被动转换对比（间接宾语变主语与直接宾语变主语）、主动表被动特殊情形辨析等活动，配合选择填空与动词适当形式填空两类真题题型及即时解析。特设“易错点清单”（如不及物动词无被动），助力学生精准掌握考点，教师可据此灵活调整复习节奏，高效提升学生应考能力。

1 初中英语必备语法 part 13 被动语态 一、主动语态变被动语态的基本方法 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分 词), 将主动语态的主语变为by 短语(在被动句中用作状语)。如： They took her to hospital. →She was taken to hospital(by them). I painted the walls yellow. →The walls were painted yellow(by me). 若不强调动作执行者，被动语态中的by 短语通常可以省略。如： He was born in 1986. 他生于1986年。 What is this flower called?这种花叫什么花? 二、双宾动词变被动语态的方法 双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，通常是把间接宾语(指 人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)。如： He answered me that question. →I was answered that question by him. 有的动词则通常把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介 词 to 或 for 引起的状语(到底用to 还 是for, 与所搭配的动词有关)。如： He wrote her a letter. →A letter was written to her. (与动词write 搭配用介词to) She made him a new coat. →A new coat was made for him. (与动词make 搭配用介词 for) 有时以上两种方式均可用。如： He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。 →She was given some money. /Some money was given to her. He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一块表。 →A watch was bought for her. /She was bought a watch 三、被动语态的不同时态 被动语态的时态由被动结构 “be+ 过去分词”中的动词 be 来体现，其基本结构 和用法如下： 1. 一般现在时的被动语态： am [is, are]+过去分词。如： English is taught in most schools. 大多数学校都教英语。 We are given a lot of homework to do. 我们有很多作业要做。 We are taken good care of at school. 我们在学校受到很好的照顾。 2. 一般过去时的被动语态： was |were]+过去分词。如： He was taken to the police station. 他被带到了警察局。 She was asked to sing a song. 大家要求她唱一支歌。 3. 一般将来时的被动语态：will be+过去分词。如： A new building will be built here soon. 不久这里将建一栋新楼。 Some of us will be asked to speak at the meeting. 我们有些人将被邀在会上发言。 4. 现在完成时的被动语态： have/has been+过去分词。如： All the tickets have been sold out. 票已售完。 Many experts have been called in for advice. 许多专家被请来商量对策。 5. 过去完成时的被动语态：had been+过去分词。如： He said the work had been finished. 他说工作已完成了。 6. 现在进行时的被动语态： am [is, are]being+过去分词、如： My watch is being repaired by him. 我的表正在由他修理。 The plan is now being discussed. 计划现在正在讨论。 7. 过去进行时的被动语态： was/were being+过 去 分 词 如 ： He said that the man was being operated on. 他说那个人正在动手术。 It was the first time he had been bitten by a dog. 这是他第一次被狗咬。 8. 过去将来时的被动语态：would be+过去分词、如： He said that the meeting would be held next week. 他说会议将于下周举行。 四、含有情态动词的被动语态 若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词，在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词， 其结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”。如： Everyone must know this. →This must be known by everyone. 请看以下带情态动词被动句实例： This can't be done in a short time. 这不是短期内可以完成的。 Can this be done by machine?这可以由机器来做吗? The work must be done at once. 这工作必须马上做了。 五、非谓语动词的被动语态 1. 不定式的被动语态 由 “to be+过去分词”构成。如： He needs to be taken care of. 他需要人照顾。 There are a lot of things to be done. 有很多事要做。 Surely she was to be trusted. 肯定她是值得信赖的。 2. 现在分词的被动语态 由 “being+ 过去分词”构成。如： I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我看见她被送到手术室。 The building being repaired is our library. 正在维修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。 3. 动名词的被动语态 由 “being+ 过去分词”构成。如： She enjoyed being praised. 她喜欢被人赞扬。 He was afraid of being laughed at. 他担心被人嘲笑。 过去分词本身可以表示被动意义，所以没有相应的被动语态形式。如： The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。 六、不用于被动语态的情形 1. 不及物动词没有被动语态 因为不及物动词没有宾语，所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语，故不能用于被 动语态。但是值得注意的是，有些英语中的不及物动词，译成汉语时却可能是“及 物”的，很容易出错，这类动词如： take place(发生), happen(发生), break out(爆发), appear (出现), disappear( 消失 ) , last(持续)等： A fire broke out during the night. 夜间发生了火灾。(不能说was broken out) Soon it disappeared. 它很快就消失了。(不能说was disappeared) 2. 某些静态动词不用于被动语态 英语有些静态动词(如have, hold, suit等)通常不用于被动语态，如以下各句均不 能变为被动语态。如： My shoes don't fit me. 我的鞋不合脚。 The hall holds 1000 people. 大厅可容纳1000人。 That dress suits you. 那套衣服你穿起来挺合适。 3. 宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态 由于相互代词和反身代词通常不能用作主语，所以当它们用作动词宾语时，句子 不能转换成被动语态。如： We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。 He could see himself in the mirror. 他在镜子中可以看到自己。 七、主动表被动的若干情形 1. 谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形 (1)某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove 等)要用主动表被动，因为 连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。如： The school looks beautiful. 这所学校看起来很美。 Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。 (2)当open, close, shut, lock 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用 主动形式表示被动意义。如： The door won't shut. 这门关不上。 The box can't open. 这箱子打不开。 该用法的不及物动词通常与can't, won't 等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同。 如 ： The window won't shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性 — — 窗户有问题了) The window won't be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题，只是不用关) 有时可能用主动和被动形式均可，只是强调重点稍有不同。如： Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(只关心“门开了”这一事实，对是否有 外力作用不感兴趣) The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调门是因外力作用被打开的) (3)当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性 时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。如： The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。 The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。 This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly 等副词连用，并且在用于以上意思时通 常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态，只是含义稍 有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性，用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作)。 如 ： The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义) The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好) 另外，以上用法有时也可能用于进行时态。如： The vegetables are cooking. 蔬菜正在煮着。 Is the book selling well?这书销售情况如何? (4)某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin, start, finish, end 等), 当主语为事物且不强 调动作的执行者时，可用主动语态表示被动意义。如： When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始? The play ended at ten o'clock. 戏10点钟结束。 (5)有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动意义。如； My skirt caught on a nail. 我的裙子被钉子钩住了。 Soon the house filled with people. 很快房子就挤满了人。 2. 非谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形 (1)某些“be+ 形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。 如 ： The question is difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。 Your writing is impossible to read. 你的笔迹没法认。 Do you think the water is safe to drink?你认为这水喝起来安全吗? 这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要 用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe 等。 (2)不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need 等)的宾语后作定语时， 如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，则要用主动形式表示被动意义。如： I have some letters to write. 我有一些信要写。 I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么。 I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西读。 如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较： I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字) I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字) (3)不定式用于修饰 “there be+名词”中的名词时，可用主动式，也可用被动式。 如 ： There is too much work to do [to be done]. 要做的工作太多了。 有时虽两者均可用，但含义有差别。如： There is nothing to do. 无事可做。(含有无聊之意) There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。(指没有办法了) (4)be worth 后的动名词要用主动表被动。如： The film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得一看。 The machine is not worth repairing. 这台机器不值得修理了。 (5)在need, want, require 等少数表示“需要”的动词后接动名词用主动形式表被 动意义。如： The child needs looking after. 这小孩需要照看。 My hair wants cutting. 我的头发要理了。 以上结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表示被动意义。如： The child needs to be looked after. 这小孩需要照看。 My hair wants to be cut. 我的头发要理了。 八、关于 “It+be+过去分词+从句”结构 可用于这类结构的动词有say, believe, think, expect, report 等，通常译为 “据…… ”。如： It is said that he has a lot of money. 据说他有许多钱。 It was reported that he had died in the war. 据报道他已在战争中死亡。 It's believed that he has left the city. 大家都相信他已离开这个城市。 It's expected that the war would end soon. 预计战争不久即可结束。 训练过关题 一 、选择最佳答案填空 1. We not to play computer games. A. are told B. have told C. told D. tell 2. —What a nice camera! —Yeah. It Shanghai. A. made in B. is made in C. is made of D. made of 3. I'm sorry you can't go in now. The room yet. A. hasn't been cleaned B. hasn't cleaned C. isn't been cleaned D. isn't being cleaned 4. —Your city looks beautiful! -Yes. Lots of trees and grass last year. A. are planted B. have planted C. were planting D. were planted 5. I believe that those mountains with trees in a few years' time. A. are covered B. will be covered C. are covering D. will cover 6. Wait a moment. Your bike now. A. is repairing B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has repaired 7. A new factory in my hometown soon. A. will built B. will build C. has built D. will be built 8. The PRC in 1949. A. was found B. found C. was founded D. founded 9. Your homework must before dinner. A. finish B. be finishing C. have finished D. be finished 10. A talk on science in our school next Monday. A. will give B. will be given C. has given D. has been given 11. —I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhang's home just now. —Yes, she is often seen the old man with his housework. A. help B. to help C. helps D. helped 12. He a warm welcome when he arrived. A. gave B. was given C. has given D. had given 13. The trees must three times a week. A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters 14. —Alice, you on the phone. —I'm coming. Thanks. A. want B. are wanted C. are wanting D. have wanted 15. Many more houses for teachers since last year. A. have built B. have been built C. was built D. were built 二 、用所给动词的适当语态填空 1. The lights must (turn)off before you leave. 2. Great changes (take)place since 1979. 3. This interesting story (tell)a few days ago by an old man. 4. This kind of fruit (taste)good. 5. Crops (get)in by the farmers now. 6. The guests (show)around our school tomorrow morning. 7. The war (break)out in 2003. 8. English (teach)in every school here. 9. We (see)the woman enter the bank with a man just now. 10. The traffic accident (happen)two hours ago. 答案与解析 一、选择最佳答案填空 1. A 。 根据句意“我们被告知不能玩电脑游戏”我们可知主语we 是谓语动 词tell 的承受者。故用被动语态。 2. B 。“be made in+地点”意为在“某地制造的”。 3. A 。room 是 clean 的承受者，故用被动语态。再根据yet, 可知用现在完 成 时 。 4. D 。Lots of trees and grass是动词plant的承受者，故用被动语态。再根据时 间状语last year 可确定用一般过去时的被动语态。 5. B 。 从时间状语 in a few year's time, 可知用一般将来时。mountains 是 cover 的承受者，所以用被动语态。 6. C 。 主语your bike 是动词repair的承受者，从时间状语 now 可知是一般进 行时的被动语态。 7. D 。 主语a new factory 是build 的承受者，再从 soon 可知用一般将来时的 被动语态。 8. C 。 根据句意“中华人民共和国于1949年成立”用一般过去时的被动语 态。 9. D 。 含情态动词的被动语态的结构为“情态动词+be+ 过去分词”, 故D 项正确。 10. B 。 根据句意主语 A talk 是谓语动词give 的承受者，再根据从时间状语 next Monday 可确定此句用一般将来时的被动语态。 11. B. 在 see sb do sth 结构中，如变为被动结构时不定式应带 to。 12. B。 根据句意和从句时态，我们可确定主句为一般过去时的被动语态。 13. C。含情态动词的被动语态的结构为“情态动词+be+ 过去分词”, 故C 项正确。 14. B。 根据语境只有B 项符合句意。 15. B。 主 语 many more houses 是谓语动词 build 的承受者，再从时间状语 since last year 可知应用现在完成时的被动语态。 二 、用所给动词的适当语态填空 1. be turned。主语 the lights 是谓语动词 turn off (关)的承受者，故用被动语 态。含情态动词的被动语态的结构为“情态动词+be+ 过去分词”。 2. have taken. take place(发生)是不及物动词，所以无被动语态。从时间状 语 since 1979我们可确定此句时态为现在完成时。 3. was told。主 语story 是 tell 的承受者，故用被动语态。从时间状语 a few days ago 可知此句应用一般过去时的被动语态。 4. tastes 。taste 意为“尝起来”, 为连系动词，无被动形式。 5. are being got。主语crops 是动词get 的承受者，所以用被动语态。从now 可知是现在进行时。 6. will be shown。根据句意用将来时的被动结构。句意为“客人们明天上午 参观我们学校”。 7. broke 。break out 意为“爆发”, 是不及物动词，无被动语态。 8. is taught。根据句意，主语 English 是 teach 的承受者，故用被动语态。 9. saw。 主 语 we 是谓语动词see 的执行者，故用主动语态。时间状语just now (刚才)暗示了此句的时态为一般过去时。 10. happened 。happen 是不及物动词，所以无被动语态。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $