Unit 2 Stay Healthy Section B 核心知识点精讲精练-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元全方位精练（新教材人教版）

该初中英语单元复习讲义以思维导图构建Unit 2 Stay Healthy (Section B)的知识体系，通过表格梳理41个重点短语（含词汇表短语标注），用对比表格呈现反身代词、turn短语等词汇拓展，系统整合重点词汇、句型及语法点，清晰展现知识内在联系与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于“随学随练+知识过关”的分层设计，如反身代词填空练习强化语言能力，“be about to do...when...”句型翻译培养思维品质，单句语法填空和单项填空覆盖不同难度，助力基础薄弱学生巩固词汇语法，优秀学生提升综合运用能力，为教师精准教学提供系统资源支持。

Unit 2 Stay Healthy 核心知识点精讲 3 (Section B) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section B部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section B部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. stay safe 保持安全 2. *catch fire 着火 3. decide to do 决定做某事 4. make fried chicken 制作炸鸡 5. pour...into... 将...倒入 6. *turn on 接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开 7. leave the oil to heat 让油加热 8. *no way 不可能；没门 9. stop doing 停止做某事 10. look up 抬头看；查阅 11. rush back into 匆忙跑回 12. *on fire 着火；起火 13. jump into the air 跃入空中 14. in a panic 惊恐地，恐慌地 15. turn off 关闭 16. at once / right away 立即，立刻 17. close to 接近，靠近 18. throw himself to the ground 他扑倒在地 19. put out 扑灭；熄灭 20. *be about to 即将；正要(做某事) 21. *stop short 突然停住 22. thanks to 幸亏，由于 23. *first aid 急救 24. fire extinguisher 灭火器 25. in seconds 几秒钟内，很短的时间 26. run cool water over his arm 用凉水冲洗他的手臂 27. *eat out 上馆子吃饭；在外用餐 28. anything but 决不 29. drop to the ground 倒在地上 30. keep sb safe from harm 使某人安全，避免伤害 31. fell off his chair 从椅子上摔下来 32. *lie down 平躺；平卧 33. in 10 minutes 10分钟后 34. suffer from 受苦，受折磨 35. be allergic to 对...过敏 36. jump into action 立刻行动起来 37. take better care of 更好的照顾 38. *from now on 从现在起 39. food allergy 食物过敏 40. eye strain 视疲劳，眼疲劳 2、 重点词汇解析 1. themselves /ðəmˈselvz/ pron. 他(或她、它)们自己 [词汇拓展] self (n.) 自己；自身；them(pron.)他(或她、它)们(宾格)；they(pron.)他(或她、它)们(主格) their(pron.)他(或她、它)们的(形容词性物主代词) theirs(pron.)他(或她、它)们的(名词性物主代词) [词汇搭配] by themselves 他们独自地；enjoy themselves玩得开心；for themselves为了他们自己 [词汇例句] They finished the project by themselves without any help. 他们独自完成了这个项目，没有寻求任何帮助。 [随学随练] 用they适当形式填空 (1) Some students have different hobbies and ________ join different clubs to do ________ favourite things. (2) —Are these your volleyballs? —No. They are ________. (3) The books don’t belong to ________. ________ are over there. (4) To our surprise, the doctors and nurses never think of ________. [词汇用法] · -self/-selves 构成的代词叫作反身代词。第一人称和第二人称的反身代词由形容性物主代词词尾加-self/-selves构成；第三人称的反身代词由宾格代词词尾加-self/-selves构成。 · 同一人称反身代词有单复数之分。 人称 主格人称代词 宾格人称代词 反身代词 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 第一人称 I 我 we 我们 me 我 us 我们 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 第二人称 you 你 you 你们 you 你 you 你们 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第三人称 he 他 she 她 it 它 they 他/她/它们 him 他 her 她 it 它 them 他/她/它们 himself 他自己 herself她自己 itself它自己 themselves 他/她/它们自己 · 反身代词可以作相同人称的宾语，表示动作的主语和宾语时同一个人。 The girl can dress herself. (注意：不用her) [随学随练] 单项填空 I saw ________ enjoy ________ in the park. A．her; hers B．they; them C．she; herself D．them; themselves 2. turn on 接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开 [词汇拓展] turn off 关闭；turn up 调高；出现，露面；turn down 调低；拒绝 turn to向…求助（或寻求指教等）；turn out原来是；证明是；结果是；turn into变成 [词汇搭配] turn on the stove 打开炉子；turn on the TV 打开电视 [随学随练] 选择turn的短语补全下列句子 (1) Please ______ the lights when you leave the classroom. It can help save electricity. (2) The radio is too quiet. Could you ______ the volume(音量) a little? (3) It was dark outside, so I ______ the light to read the book clearly. (4) When you have difficulty in solving problems, you can ______ your teachers or parents for help. (5) The weather forecast said it would rain today, but it ______ to be a sunny day. (6) With the development of science and technology, the small village ______ a modern city. 3. happily /ˈhæpɪli/ adv. 快乐地；高兴地 [词汇拓展] happy (adj.) 快乐的；happiness (n.) 幸福；unhappy(adj.)不高兴的；unhappily(adv.)不高兴地 [词汇搭配] live happily 快乐地生活；smile happily 开心地微笑 [随学随练] 用happy适当形式填空 (1) ______ is something everyone tries to pursue (追求) in life. (2) The little girl looked ______ when she received a wonderful birthday gift from her best friend. (3) When the teacher told him he couldn't join the school trip, he walked away ______. (4) After solving the difficult math problem, Tom smiled ______ and went out to play. (5) Lily was ______ because her pet dog got lost yesterday. 4. no way 不可能；没门 [词汇拓展] in the way挡道；妨碍；on the way在去...的路上；即将到来；under way已经开始；在进行中 by the way 顺便说一下；顺便问一下；make one’s way to前往；in no way决不 go out of one's way特地；格外努力；in a way 在某种程度上；有点儿 all the way一路上；自始至终；give way to 屈服，让步；被...代替； [随学随练] 用way的短语补全句子或翻译句子 (1) The building of the new school library is (在进行中), and it will be completed next year. (2) (顺便问一下), do you know where the nearest bookstore is? I need to buy some English workbooks. (3) After the heavy rain stopped, we (前往)the top of the mountain and enjoyed the beautiful view. (4) We met our math teacher (在去...的路上) to the museum, and she told us some interesting math stories. (5) (在一定程度上), your plan is practical, but we still need to make some small changes. (6) —Mum, can I drive my father’s car to the cinema? — (不可能)! You should not be allowed to drive, because you don’t have a driver’s license(驾照). 5. burn /bɜːn/ v. 燃烧；着火；烧毁，烧坏；(使)烧伤，晒伤；(使)烧焦，烧糊；发光，发亮；发烫 [词汇拓展] (过去式)burned/burnt；(过去分词)burned/burnt；burning (adj.) 着火的；燃烧的；炙热的 [词汇搭配] in the burning pan在着火的锅里；urn down（被）焚毁；burn out火烧尽；熄灭 burn up烧掉；（通过锻炼）消耗（热能） [词汇例句] Which burns up more calories─swimming or cycling? 游泳和骑车，哪种运动消耗热量大？ Fires were burning all over the city.全城处处燃烧着大火。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中burn的中文意思 (1) Fires were burning all over the city. (2) I can smell something burning in the kitchen. (3) I got badly burned by the sun yesterday. (4) Two children were rescued(营救) from the burning car. (5) Her cheeks(脸颊) burned with embarrassment. (6) The house was burnt to the ground. (7) Lights were burning upstairs, but no one answered the door. 6. panic /ˈpænɪk/ n. 惊恐；恐慌 v.(使)惊慌 [词汇拓展] (过去式)panicked ；(过去分词)panicked ；panicky(adj.) 恐慌的；惶惶然的 [词汇搭配] in panic 惊慌地；a panic decision慌乱中作出的决定 [词汇例句] An earthquake hit the capital, causing panic among the population. 首都发生了地震，引发民众恐慌。 7. throw /θrəʊ/ v. 猛动身体(部位)；扔，抛；猛推，使劲撞；使迅猛地摔倒在地；使处于，使陷入（某种状态） [词汇拓展] (过去式)threw /θruː/；(过去分词)thrown /θrəʊn/ [词汇搭配] throw himself to the ground他猛地扑倒在地；throw away 扔掉；throw a party 举办派对 throw sth in奉送，额外赠送；throw oneself into...投身于，积极从事 [随学随练] 用throw相关表达补全句子 (1) 别朝窗户扔石头了！ Stop the window! (2) 我猛力推开窗子，让烟散出去。 I to let the smoke out. (3) 我不需要那东西，你可以把它扔了。 I don't need that─you can . (4) 你花200元就可以买走这架钢琴，另外奉送这张琴凳。 You can have the piano for $200, and I'll the stool(凳子) as well. (5) 这太好了，蒂姆没有把作业放在一边，而是全身心投入到学习中。 It’s so great that instead of leaving his homework aside, Tim study. (6) 小男孩听到巨响时，猛地扑倒在地。 The little boy swhen he heard the loud noise. 8. roll /rəʊl/ v. (使)翻滚；滚动；卷起 n.卷，卷轴；小面包条 [词汇搭配] roll up one’s sleeves卷起袖子；keep the ball rolling开始某事；继续某事；roll down 滚下 spring rolls春卷；a chicken roll鸡肉卷 [词汇例句] The toy car rolled across the floor and hit the wall. 玩具车滚过地板，撞到了墙上。 9. quick /kwɪk/ adj. 快的，迅速的；敏捷的 adv. 迅速地，快速地 [词汇拓展] quickly (adv.) 迅速地；quickness (n.) 快速；quick-thinking(adj.)才思敏捷的 quick-growing(adj.)生长迅速的 [词汇搭配] a quick learner学得快的人；the quickest way最快的方式 [词汇用法] · quick用作形容词，表示“迅速的，快的”。 如：It's quicker by plane. 坐火车比较快一些。 · quickly为源自quick的常用副词。在日常用语中，quick有时用作副词，尤作感叹语。 如：My heart started to beat more quickly.我的心跳开始加快。 Come on! Quick! They’ll see us!快点吧！快！他们会看见我们的！ [随学随练] 单项填空 Let’s be ________! The class is starting. A．fun B．stressed C．quick D．angry The more you practice, ________ you will finish your homework. A．the quick B．quicker C．the quicker D．the more quickly 10. aid /eɪd/ n.& v. 帮助；援助 [词汇拓展] aider (n.) 援助者；aidful (adj.) 有帮助的 [词汇搭配] first aid 急救；aid ... in (doing) sth.帮助...做某事；aid sb. with sth.在某方面帮助某人 in aid of sth/sb为了帮助某事物 / 人 [词汇例句] The organization provides aid to people in need after disasters. 该组织向灾后需要帮助的人们提供援助。 11. safety /ˈseɪfti/ n. 安全；安全处所 [词汇拓展] safe (adj.) 安全的；safely (adv.) 安全地 [词汇搭配] safety class安全课程；safety rules 安全规则；in safety安全地；safety first 安全第一 [词汇例句] They ran for safety when the alarm went off. 警报响起时，它们为了安全跑开了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 To cross the road ________, you should know about road ________. A．safely; safety B．safety; safely C．safe; safety 12. sadly /ˈsædli/ adv. 伤心地；令人遗憾 [词汇拓展] sad (adj.) 悲伤的；sadness (n.) 悲伤 [词汇搭配] say sadly 伤心地说；end sadly 遗憾地结束 [词汇例句] She shook her head sadly when she heard the bad news. 听到坏消息时，她伤心地摇了摇头。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Cathy lives ___________ after making friends with her classmates in the new school. A．more happily B．most happily C．sadly D．more sadly 13. smoke /sməʊk/ n. 烟 v. 吸烟；冒烟 [词汇拓展] smoky (adj.) 烟雾弥漫的；smoking (n.) 吸烟 [词汇搭配] smell smoke闻到烟味；(there is) no smoke without fire无火不生烟；无风不起浪 give up smoking戒烟 [词汇例句] You can’t smoke here. 你不能在这抽烟。 14. unfortunately /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/ adv. 不幸地；可惜地 [词汇拓展] unfortunate (adj.) 不幸的；fortunate(adj.)幸运的；fortunately(adv.)幸运地 misfortune (n.) 不幸；fortune(n.)幸运；命运；一大笔钱； [词汇例句] Unfortunately, the heavy rain destroyed the outdoor concert.不幸的是，大雨毁掉了户外音乐会。 [随学随练] 单项填空 We are going to have a class party tomorrow afternoon. ____, Li Ming won’t be able to take part in it, he is ill in hospital. A．Fortunately B．Luckily C．Sorry D．Unfortunately 15. luckily /ˈlʌkɪli/ adv. 幸运地 [词汇拓展] lucky (adj.) 幸运的；luck (n.) 运气；unlucky(adj.)不幸的；unluckily(adv.)不幸地 [随学随练] 用luck的适当形式填空 (1) ______, a kind stranger helped me find my lost schoolbag when I was in a hurry. (2) It's a ______ day for us—we won the school basketball match and got the first prize. (3) Some people think ______ is more important than hard work, but I don't agree. (4) The little boy was ______ because he fell off his bike and hurt his knee yesterday. (5) ______, the last bus had left when we arrived at the bus station, so we had to take a taxi home. 16. badly /ˈbædli/ adv.严重地；很坏地，差地 [词汇拓展] (比较级)worse /wɜːs/；(最高级)worst /wɜːst/) ；bad (adj.) 坏的 [词汇搭配] badly hurt 严重受伤；sing badly唱得不好 [词汇例句] The building is badly in need of repair. 这栋楼急需维修。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Alice is __________ at history but I do __________ in it. She often helps me with it. A．good; well B．bad; well C．good; badly D．bad; badly 17. harm /hɑːm/ n.& v. 伤害；损害 harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的 [词汇拓展] harmless (adj.) 无害的；harmfully (adv.) 有害地 [词汇搭配] keep sb. safe from harm 保护某人，免受伤害；do harm to... 对...造成伤害 harm the environment 危害环境；be harmful to...对...有害 [词汇例句] Pollution can harm marine life.污染会危及海洋生物。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Too much meat can ________ your health, so eat less meat. A．be worried about B．be harmful to C．be ready for D．be different from 18. pill /pɪl/ n. 药丸；药片 [词汇拓展] tablet (n.) 药片；medicine(n.)药 [词汇搭配] take a pill 服药；sleeping pill 安眠药 [词汇例句] She took a pill to relieve her headache before going to bed. 睡前她服了一片药来缓解头痛。 [词汇辨析] pill / tablet / medicine · pill常指圆形的药丸，使可数名词 · tablet常指扁平、椭圆形的药片。现代英语中常指 “平板电脑”。 · medicine表示“药”时，常用作不可数名词。此外，medicine还可以表示“医学”。 19. painful /ˈpeɪnfəl/ adj. (身体部位) 疼痛的；令人痛苦的 [词汇拓展] pain (n.) 疼痛；painfully (adv.) 痛苦地 [词汇搭配] painful experience 痛苦经历；painful memory 痛苦记忆 [词汇例句] The burn on his hand was so painful that he couldn't sleep. 他手上的烧伤很疼，让他无法入睡。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —The news says that a couple found their lost son. —Great! It is one of ________ things for parents to be away from their children for such a long time. A．the more painful B．the most painful C．the more valuable D．the most valuable 20. lie /laɪ/ v. 平躺；平放；位于；存在；撒谎 n.谎言 [词汇拓展] (过去式)lay /leɪ/ ；(过去分词)lain /leɪn/；liar (n.) 说谎者 [词汇搭配] lie down 平躺；平卧；lie in在于；lie to sb.对某人撒谎 [词汇用法] · lie作名词，表示“谎言”，常用于搭配tell a lie / tell lies撒谎；white lie善意的谎言。 如：Sometimes it's better to tell a white lie to make others feel better.有时候为了让别人好受点，说个善意的 谎言会更好。 · lie作动词，表示“撒谎”，此时其过去式和过去分词为规则变化lied，lied。 如：He lied about his age to get the job.为了得到这份工作，他在年龄上撒了谎。 · lie作动词，表示“位于；存在；平躺”等意思时，其过去式和过去分词为不规则变化，分别是lay和lain。 如：He lay on the grass and looked at the blue sky.他躺在草地上，看着蓝天。 · lay本身也可以用作动词原形，表示“下蛋，产卵；放置，摆放”，其过去式和过去分词为不规则变化，分别是laid；laid。 如：The hen has laid an egg in the basket.母鸡在篮子里下了一个蛋。 [随学随练] 选词填空lie / lied / lay / laid / lies (1) In the story, Amélie tells a to make her mother happy. (2) He is an honest boy. But he to us just now. (3) The Palace Museum is a modern name of the Forbidden City. It in the heart of Beijing. (4) Robin fell to the ground. He there for a long time (5) Yesterday, I a book in a room which was filled with sweet smell. 21. hit /hɪt/ v. (hit hit) 碰撞；击，打；使(某人)突然意识到 n. 打，击；击中；很受欢迎的人(或事物)，成功而轰动(或风行)一时的事物；(网站的)点击，浏览 [词汇拓展] (过去式)hit；(过去分词)hit [词汇搭配] hit her hard猛烈的撞击了他；hit by a car 被车撞； sth. hit sb. 某人突然意识到某事；It hit sb. that... 某人突然意识到某事 be/make a hit (with sb)  给(某人)留下很好的第一印象，大受欢迎；hit big很成功 [词汇例句] A good idea suddenly hit him. 他突然想到一个好主意。 It hit him that he left his keys at home. 他突然意识到他把钥匙落在了家里。 [随学随练] 写出hit在下列句子中的中文意思。 (1) She hit him on the head with her umbrella. (2) The bus hit the bridge. (3) I couldn't remember where I'd seen him before, and then it suddenly hit me. (4) The song became a hit in 1945. (5) Our small company has had 78,000 hits on its Internet pages. (6) David gave a hit on Jack’s head. 22. shock /ʃɒk/ n. 震惊；令人震惊的事 v. 使震惊；使惊愕 [词汇拓展] shocking (adj.) 令人震惊的；shocked (adj.) 感到震惊的 [词汇搭配] culture shock 文化冲击；in shock 处于震惊中 [词汇例句] The sudden news of her resignation shocked everyone in the office. 她突然辞职的消息震惊了办公室里的每个人。 [随学随练] 用shock的适当形式填空。 (1) —Did you hear of the accident that happened yesterday? —Yes. The bad news made every one of us . (2) The child's bad language his mother. She was so angry. (3) Her death was a great   to us all. 23. bleed /bliːd/ v. 流血；出血 [词汇拓展] (过去式)bled /bled/；(过去分词)bled；bleeding (n.) 出血；blood (n.) 血；nosebleed(n.)鼻出血 [词汇搭配] bleed heavily 大量出血；bleed to death 失血致死 [词汇例句] If you cut your finger, it might bleed for a few minutes. 如果你割伤手指，可能会流血几分钟。 [随学随练] 用bleed适当形式填空 (1) The nurse took a sample of his __________ to test for anemia. (2) First aid is essential to stop severe __________ after an accident. (3) The doctor applied pressure to the wound where the patient was __________ heavily. (4) The patient __________ profusely before the ambulance finally arrived. 24. check /tʃek/ v. 检查，审查；查明，核实；克制，抑制 n. 检查；调查 [词汇拓展] checker (n.) 检查员；check-up (n.) 检查；（尤指）体格检查 [词汇搭配] check Kelly’s arm carefully仔细检查Kelly的手臂；check in (at…)(在旅馆、机场等)登记 check out结账离开(旅馆等)；查证，核实；(从图书馆等)借出；check with sn.向某人核实 check over/through sth.仔细检查；核对；check up on 监督，督促；查证，核实 [随学随练] 用check相关表达补全句子 (1) 医生仔细检查了Lucy的左腿。 The doctor . (2) 我父母总是督促我。 My parents are always me. (3) 仔细检查你的作业以防有错。 for mistakes. (4) 你最好向简核实一下她今晚要见我们的时间。 You Jane what time she's expecting us tonight. (5) 他昨天从图书馆借了几本书。 He from the library. 25. tight /taɪt/ adj. 疼痛的，憋气的；紧的，牢实的；严密的，严格的；拮据的，紧的； [词汇拓展] tightly (adv.) 紧紧地；tighten (v.) (使)变紧 [词汇搭配] feel tight感到疼痛，感到哽咽；have a very tight budget预算很紧 keep tight control over对某事严加控制 [词汇例句] These shoes are much too tight. 这双鞋太紧了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —The dress is so________ . How comes? —You certainly put on weight. After all, you ate five meals a day on vacation. A．tight B．painful C．put off D．put down 26. nervously /ˈnɜːvəsli/ adv. 紧张不安地 [词汇拓展] nervous (adj.) 紧张的；nervousness (n.) 紧张 [词汇搭配] ask nervously 紧张地问到；speak nervously 紧张地说 [词汇例句] Brunhilde stood up nervously as the men came into the room.那些人进屋时，布伦希尔德紧张地 站了起来。 27. allergic /əˈlɜːdʒɪk/ adj. 过敏的；对...十分反感 [词汇拓展] allergy (n.) 过敏；allergen (n.) 过敏原 [词汇搭配] allergic to 对…过敏；对...十分反感 [词汇例句] I like cats but unfortunately I'm allergic to them.我喜欢猫，但遗憾的是我对猫过敏。 3、 重难句型解析 1. It is/was + one's + 序数词（first/second/third...）+ time + (in) doing sth. 句型 (教材原句)It was their first time living away from their families,...这是他们第一次远离家人生活，... 上述句子是“It is/was + one's + 序数词（first/second/third...）+ time + (in) doing sth. ”结构的句型，表示“这是某人第...次做...”。 如：It is his first time trying Mapo tofu.这是他第一次尝试麻婆豆腐。 [随学随练] 用上述句型翻译句子 这是我们第三次参观科学博物馆。 2. while引导时间状语从句和省略 (教材原句)Then he turned on the stove and left the oil to heat while he prepared the chicken.然后他打开炉子， 让油加热，同时他准备鸡肉。 (教材原句)I’ll avoid looking at my phone while crossing the road next time.下次过马路时，我会避免看手机。 · while引导时间状语从句，表示“在...期间，与此同时”，其后的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，即表示的动作可以持续。 · 在时间状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，且从句谓语动词包含 be 动词（am/is/are/was/were）时，可省略从句的主语和 be 动词，保留现在分词（doing）、过去分词（done）或形容词 / 介词短语。如第二句，其完整形式为：I’ll avoid looking at my phone while I am crossing the road next time. 如：While my mother was cooking in the kitchen, I was doing my homework.妈妈在厨房做饭的时候，我正 在写作业。（主从句主语不一致，不可省略） While we were waiting for the bus, we talked about the film.我们等公交车的时候，聊了那部电影。(主 从句主语一致，且从句谓语含be动词，可省略为：While waiting for the bus, we talked about the film.) [随学随练] 单项填空 Don't leave the water running while your teeth. A．brush B．brushing C．to brush D．being brushed 3. as引导时间状语从句和原因状语从句 (教材原句)“Maybe we should eat out tonight,” James said as he ran cool water over his arm.“也许我们今晚应 该出去吃，”詹姆斯一边用凉水冲胳膊一边说。 (教材原句)Don’t lie down for too long as it could make your back feel sore. 不要躺得太久，否则可能会使你 的背部感到疼痛。 第一句中as引导时间状语从句；第二句中as表示原因，引导原因状语从句。 如：As she walked along the park path, she picked up some fallen leaves.当她沿着公园小径走时，她捡起了 几片落叶。 As the rain kept pouring, we had to cancel the outdoor picnic.因为雨一直下，我们不得不取消户外野餐。 [随学随练] 单项填空 ________ Helen’s knowledge and vocabulary increased, she asked more and more questions. A．Unless B．While C．As D．Before 4. so...that...引导结果状语从句 (教材原句)But he was so close to the pan that a flame jumped onto his shirt.但他离锅太近了，一团火焰窜到 了他的衬衫上。 此句中so...that...表示“如此...以至于...”，引导结果状语从句，so是副词，后接形容词或副词，that后为从句，表示结果。 such...that...也用于引导结果状语从句，such后接名词或名词短语。 如：He was so excited that he couldn’t fall asleep. 他太兴奋了以至于睡不着。 He made such an excellent performance that everyone cheered for him. 他表现得如此出色，大家都为 他欢呼。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) He reads ______ few books that he can’t tell stories to ______ little children. A．so; such B．such; such C．so; so D．such; so (2) It was _________ dark here _________ I couldn’t see anything even with my eyes wide open. A．too; to B．so; that C．such; that D．enough; to 5. be about to do...when...句型 (教材原句)Allen was about to do so when he stopped short. 艾伦正要这么做时，突然停住了。 · 此句中be about to do...when...句型表示“正准备要做...突然...”，用来描述某人正准备做某事时，突然发生了另一个动作或事件，强调两个动作的紧密联系和时间上非常接近。 如：She was about to answer the question when the bell rang.她正要回答这个问题，这时下课铃突然响了。 · be about to do可以用来将来，表示“即将发生”，强调时间间隔很短。will表示将来时强调临时决定或偶然发生。be going to do表示将来，强调计划性或有迹象的预测。 如：The class is about to begin. Please be quiet.马上要上课了，请安静。 Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.（看那些乌云，要下雨了。 —The phone is ringing. 电话响了。 —I will get it. 我去接。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 我正要出门，这时突然下起了大雨。 6. that引导主语从句和宾语从句 (教材原句)It was lucky that his shirt wasn’t too thin!幸运的是他的衬衫不是太薄！ 此句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，that引导了一个主语从句。 如：That he will come to the party makes me happy.=It makes me happy that he will come to the party.他要来 参加聚会让我很高兴。 (教材原句)You’re lucky that your injury wasn’t worse. 你的伤势没有更严重，真是幸运。 此句中that引导的从句跟在形容词lucky后作宾语，引导了一个宾语从句。that引导宾语从句常位于及物动词后，也可以跟在表示情感的形容词后。 如：He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —It’s strange _______ there are no workers in the restaurant. —Well, this is a self-service restaurant. People can order meals on the screen. A．that B．whether C．if 7. 定语从句中的省略 (教材原句)It was a day he would never forget. 那是他永远不会忘记的一天。 此句中he would never forget是一个定语从句，修饰前面的a day，这个定语从句由that/which引导。关系代词that,which,whom等引导定语从句时，若在从句中充当宾语成分，可以省略。 如：The book (that/which) I bought yesterday is very useful.我昨天买的那本书很有用。 4、 其他知识解析 1. 过去分词表被动含义 (教材原句)Just then, he heard the front door open, followed by the sound of Allen singing.就在这时，他听到 门开了，接着是艾伦唱歌的声音。 此句中followed是过去分词形式，在此处作状语，用来补充说明主句动作发生后紧接着出现的情况。 过去分词通常表示被动含义，与其逻辑主语前形成被动关系。此句中follow逻辑主语是the front door open,此逻辑主语被the sound of Allen singing“跟随”,因此是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。如与逻辑主语间为主动关系，则用现在分词形式。 比较以下两句： Tom went into the room, followed by his pet cat.汤姆走进房间，他的宠物猫跟在后面。 (followed是过去分词，表示被动关系。Tom被pet cat跟随着) Tom went into the room, following by his pet cat.汤姆走进房间，他的宠物猫跟在后面。 (following是现在分词，表示主动关系。Tom跟随着pet cat) 如：The rain stopped suddenly, followed by a bright rainbow in the sky.雨突然停了，紧接着天空出现了一道 绚丽的彩虹。 [随学随练] 单项填空 It’s a little expensive, ________ to Daming’s T-shirt. A．compare B．to compare C．comparing D．compared 2. 被动语态 (教材原句)In seconds, the fire in the burning pan was put out.几秒钟之内，燃烧的平底锅里的火就被扑灭了。 此句中was put out是被动语态结构，其中put是过去分词形式。被动语态的基本结构为“be+动词过去分词”，在使用过程中，be动词跟随时态进行各种变形。此句中be动词变为was，所以was put out是一般过去时的被动语态结构。 如：The windows were cleaned by Tom just now.窗户刚刚被汤姆擦干净了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Did you receive the invitation letter? —Yes. It ________ to my home address three days ago. A．sent B．was sending C．is sent D．was sent 3. 过去进行时 (教材原句)Large flames were jumping into the air. 巨大的火焰窜向空中。 此句中were jumping是过去进行时。过去进行时的结构为“was/were+doing”，表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。 如：He was doing his homework when I came in. 当我进来时，他正在写作业。 (教材原句)She was late, and her exam was starting in 10 minutes! 她迟到了，考试十分钟后就要开始了。 was/were doing结构还可以表示即将发生的动作。此句中in 10 minutes表示“十分钟以后”，此句中was starting表示“即将开始”。 [随学随练] 单项填空 My father ________ TV when he heard a loud noise outside. A．watched B．was watching C．is watching D．has watched 4. by表示方式 (教材原句)He put out the fire by rolling on the ground, but the pan was still burning!他通过在地上打滚扑灭 了身上的火，但锅还在燃烧！ 此句中by rolling on the ground表示“通过在地上打滚”，by doing表示“通过...方式”。 如：He improves his spoken English by talking with foreign friends.他通过与外国朋友交谈来提高自己的英 语口语水平。 [随学随练] 单项填空 My cousin solved his problems by ________ with his friends. A．talking B．talked C．to talk D．talks 5. anything but 用法 (教材原句)“Anything but fried chicken,” he said sadly.“除了炸鸡什么都行，”他伤心地说。 anything but 表示“除...外；决不”，其中but用作介词，表示“除了”。 类似结构短语：nothing but表示“仅仅，只是”。 如：The problem is anything but easy. 这个问题一点也不简单。 I want nothing but the best for my children. 我只是想给我的孩子们最好的。 6. 副词用法 (教材原句)“Anything but fried chicken,“ he said sadly.“除了炸鸡什么都行，”他伤心地说。 (教材原句)“Were there any peanuts in our food?” he asked nervously. “我们的食物里有花生吗？”他紧张 地问。 副词一般用于修饰动词，使动作更加生动具体。 如：The girls were dancing happily. 女孩子们高兴地跳着舞。 (教材原句)Suddenly, Allen stopped talking and looked up.突然，艾伦停止说话，抬起头。 (教材原句)Unfortunately, his shirt caught fire , so he dropped to the ground and...不幸的是，他的衬衫着火了， 于是他扑倒在地... (教材原句)Luckily, James wasn’t baldly hurt. 幸运的是，詹姆斯没有受严重的伤。 副词也可以位于句首修饰整个句子。 如：Unluckily, he lost his spare keys. 不幸的是，他丢了备用钥匙。 [随学随练] 根据语境，在空格处填写合适的副词，每题可填入多个答案 (1) All the players practiced basketball __________ for the coming school match. (2) When the teacher asked a difficult question, Lucy raised her hand __________. (3) “Did you broke my toy?” Jack asked__________. (4) The student copied his classmate’s homework __________ and was found by the teacher soon. (5) __________, the boy missed the early bus. 5、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  根据据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) I’ve been busy with a first (援助) course that I started about a week ago at the Red Cross. (2) Cutting down too many trees will (伤害) the forest environment. (3) Keep the silk away from the fire because it may b (燃烧) easily. (4) Nancy is (平躺) on her bed and listening to music at the moment. (5) Don’t (扔) rubbish here and there. (6) He (碰撞) his head on the door before entering the office. (7) Today Eric had a (快的) breakfast. (8) My finger is (流血). Can you help me deal with it? (9) Remember to (检查) your answers before handing in your papers. (10) Don’t drive by yourself. I am worried about your (安全). (11) There is a new movie on show in the cinema (今晚). (12) P (药丸) should be stored properly because they are easily mistaken for sweets by children. (13) The river is so dirty. This gives me a great (震惊). (14) When Mr and Mrs Wang were away, their house (着火). (15) Everything is ready. Please (打开)the blender. (16) We (正要) leave the park when it started to rain heavily. (17) These injured people were given (急救)at once. (18) Let’s save the animals and say no to the things made of animals(从现在时). 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) Kate asked the Greens to help to some fried chicken. (them) (2) The children played (happy) in the playground after school. (3) Yesterday, he (burn) his hand while making dinner. (4) Alice (throw) the ball at me and it hit me right on the head. (5) He turned off the TV very (quick) when he heard the sound of opening the door. (6) When you do sports, you should care about your (safe). (7) I love old buildings in our city centre. (sad), many of them didn’t remain (保留). (8) We do not allow (smoke) in the library. (9) It rained heavily yesterday. (luck), I took my umbrella . (10) Among all the players, he played (badly) because he didn’t practice enough. (11) Drinking milk tea with too much sugar can be (harm) to your health. (12) The little girl felt (pain) because she hurt her leg badly. (13) She (lie) in bed for several minutes, and then she felt better. (14) A big rainstorm (hit) the small town yesterday. (15) When she heard the news, she felt so (shock) that she couldn’t say a word. (16) The victim was wounded with a knife and (bleed) to death as a result. (17) The competitor from Britain was nervous and did (bad) in the competition. (18) Jenny wasn’t able to answer the question, so she sat (nervous). 3. 单项填空 (1) Doing exercises every day can help people improve ________. A．myself B．themselves C．yourself D．ourselves (2) —Do you mind ________ the music? My favourite song is playing. —________. I’m trying to focus on my homework. A．to turn on; No, go ahead B．turning up; You’d better not C．to turn down; Yes, please do it D．turning off; Not at all (3) —Why do you feel ________ today? —The exciting news brings me ________. A．happy; happily B．happy; happiness C．happily; happily D．happy; happy (4) —What do you think of Mike’s method to solve the problem? —I don’t fully agree, but ________, it’s better than doing nothing at all. A．in a way B．on the way C．in no way D．in the way (5) —Mum, could I play computer games for a while now? —________. You must finish your homework first. A．Of course B．No way C．No problem D．No doubt (6) Wang Lei left his office very late．________，he caught the last bus． A．Sadly B．Nervously C．Luckily D．Badly (7) —Mr Wang, I found my wallet ________ on Vivian’s table yesterday afternoon. — Really? I can’t believe that she ________ to me yesterday. A．lie; lay B．lied; lied C．lying; lied D．lay; lie (8) —Is there an action movie on show in Town Cinema tonight? —There might be one. But you’d better________on the app to make sure. A．harm B．check C．smoke D．cross (9) We asked Wang Hao to lead us to the Nanchang Museum ________ he said he knew the way. A．as B．until C．unless D．though (10) I was about ________ some shopping ________ he telephoned me. A．doing; when B．to do; when C．doing; before D．to do; after 4. 翻译句子或补全句子 (1) 这是他第一次自己做蛋糕。 (2) 当他爸爸开门时，他立刻把电视关了。 (3) 我们正准备要出门时电话响了。 (4) Tom的房子着火了。幸运的是，火很快被消防员扑灭了。 (5) 孩子们立刻行动起来，把受伤的老人送往了医院。 (6) 从现在开始，你应该改变你的生活习惯。 (7) 一个硬的东西击打到了Kelly的头部，她的头部开始流血。 (8) 你很幸运没有受严重的伤。你要照顾好自己。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Stay Healthy 核心知识点精讲 3 (Section B) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section B部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section B部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. stay safe 保持安全 2. *catch fire 着火 3. decide to do 决定做某事 4. make fried chicken 制作炸鸡 5. pour...into... 将...倒入 6. *turn on 接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开 7. leave the oil to heat 让油加热 8. *no way 不可能；没门 9. stop doing 停止做某事 10. look up 抬头看；查阅 11. rush back into 匆忙跑回 12. *on fire 着火；起火 13. jump into the air 跃入空中 14. in a panic 惊恐地，恐慌地 15. turn off 关闭 16. at once / right away 立即，立刻 17. close to 接近，靠近 18. throw himself to the ground 他扑倒在地 19. put out 扑灭；熄灭 20. *be about to 即将；正要(做某事) 21. *stop short 突然停住 22. thanks to 幸亏，由于 23. *first aid 急救 24. fire extinguisher 灭火器 25. in seconds 几秒钟内，很短的时间 26. run cool water over his arm 用凉水冲洗他的手臂 27. *eat out 上馆子吃饭；在外用餐 28. anything but 决不 29. drop to the ground 倒在地上 30. keep sb safe from harm 使某人安全，避免伤害 31. fell off his chair 从椅子上摔下来 32. *lie down 平躺；平卧 33. in 10 minutes 10分钟后 34. suffer from 受苦，受折磨 35. be allergic to 对...过敏 36. jump into action 立刻行动起来 37. take better care of 更好的照顾 38. *from now on 从现在起 39. food allergy 食物过敏 40. eye strain 视疲劳，眼疲劳 2、 重点词汇解析 1. themselves /ðəmˈselvz/ pron. 他(或她、它)们自己 [词汇拓展] self (n.) 自己；自身；them(pron.)他(或她、它)们(宾格)；they(pron.)他(或她、它)们(主格) their(pron.)他(或她、它)们的(形容词性物主代词) theirs(pron.)他(或她、它)们的(名词性物主代词) [词汇搭配] by themselves 他们独自地；enjoy themselves玩得开心；for themselves为了他们自己 [词汇例句] They finished the project by themselves without any help. 他们独自完成了这个项目，没有寻求任何帮助。 [随学随练] 用they适当形式填空 (1) Some students have different hobbies and ________ join different clubs to do ________ favourite things. (2) —Are these your volleyballs? —No. They are ________. (3) The books don’t belong to ________. ________ are over there. (4) To our surprise, the doctors and nurses never think of ________. 【答案】they their；theirs； them theirs；themselves [词汇用法] · -self/-selves 构成的代词叫作反身代词。第一人称和第二人称的反身代词由形容性物主代词词尾加-self/-selves构成；第三人称的反身代词由宾格代词词尾加-self/-selves构成。 · 同一人称反身代词有单复数之分。 人称 主格人称代词 宾格人称代词 反身代词 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 第一人称 I 我 we 我们 me 我 us 我们 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 第二人称 you 你 you 你们 you 你 you 你们 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第三人称 he 他 she 她 it 它 they 他/她/它们 him 他 her 她 it 它 them 他/她/它们 himself 他自己 herself她自己 itself它自己 themselves 他/她/它们自己 · 反身代词可以作相同人称的宾语，表示动作的主语和宾语时同一个人。 The girl can dress herself. (注意：不用her) [随学随练] 单项填空 I saw ________ enjoy ________ in the park. A．her; hers B．they; them C．she; herself D．them; themselves 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我看到他们在公园里玩得很开心。 考查代词辨析。her她，她的，宾格或形容词性物主代词；hers她的，名词性物主代词；they他们，主格；she她，主格；herself她自己，反身代词；them他们，宾格；themselves他们自己，反身代词。根据“enjoy…in the park.”可知，第二空考查enjoy oneself“玩得愉快”，应该填反身代词，排除选项AB；结合“I saw”可知，第一空后填人称代词宾格，排除选项C。故选D。 2. turn on 接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开 [词汇拓展] turn off 关闭；turn up 调高；出现，露面；turn down 调低；拒绝 turn to向…求助（或寻求指教等）；turn out原来是；证明是；结果是；turn into变成 [词汇搭配] turn on the stove 打开炉子；turn on the TV 打开电视 [随学随练] 选择turn的短语补全下列句子 (1) Please ______ the lights when you leave the classroom. It can help save electricity. 【答案】turn off 【详解】句意：离开教室时请关灯，这样可以帮助节约用电。根据 “save electricity” 可知是要关闭电器，turn off 表示 “关闭（电器、水源等）”，符合语境。 (2) The radio is too quiet. Could you ______ the volume(音量) a little? 【答案】turn up 【详解】句意：收音机太轻了，你能把音量调大一点吗？前半句提到 “too quiet”，所以需要调大音量，turn up 表示 “调大（音量、热度等）”。 (3) It was dark outside, so I ______ the light to read the book clearly. 【答案】turned on 【详解】句意：外面天黑了，所以我打开灯以便能看清书。解析：根据 “it was dark” 和 “read the book clearly” 可知是要开灯，句子时态为一般过去时，故用 turned on，意为 “打开（电器）”。 (4) When you have difficulty in solving problems, you can ______ your teachers or parents for help. 【答案】turn to 【详解】句意：当你解决问题遇到困难时，可以向老师或父母求助。解析：turn to sb. for help 是固定搭配，意为 “向某人求助”，符合句意。 (5) The weather forecast said it would rain today, but it ______ to be a sunny day. 【答案】turned out 【详解】句意：天气预报说今天会下雨，但结果却是晴天。解析：前半句的预报和后半句的实际天气有反差，turn out 表示 “结果是；证明是”，句子时态为一般过去时，故填turned out。 (6) With the development of science and technology, the small village ______ a modern city. 【答案】turns into 【详解】句意：随着科技的发展，这个小村庄变成了一座现代化的城市。解析：根据 “small village” 和 “modern city” 的变化关系，turn into 表示 “变成；成为”。故填turns into。 3. happily /ˈhæpɪli/ adv. 快乐地；高兴地 [词汇拓展] happy (adj.) 快乐的；happiness (n.) 幸福；unhappy(adj.)不高兴的；unhappily(adv.)不高兴地 [词汇搭配] live happily 快乐地生活；smile happily 开心地微笑 [随学随练] 用happy适当形式填空 (1) ______ is something everyone tries to pursue (追求) in life. 【答案】Happiness 【详解】句意：幸福是每个人在生活中都努力追求的东西。句子缺少主语，需用名词形式。所给词汇中只有 happiness 是名词，意为 “幸福”，符合语境，且位于句首首字母需大写。 (2) The little girl looked ______ when she received a wonderful birthday gift from her best friend. 【答案】happy 【详解】句意：这个小女孩收到好朋友送的精美的生日礼物时看起来很开心。句中 “looked”（看起来）是系动词，后接形容词作表语。happy 是形容词，意为 “快乐的”，符合 “收到礼物” 的语境。 (3) When the teacher told him he couldn't join the school trip, he walked away ______. 【答案】unhappily 【详解】句意：当老师告诉他不能参加学校旅行时，他不高兴地走开了。句子需用副词修饰动词 “walked away”（走开）。根据 “couldn't join the school trip”（不能参加旅行）可知，此处需用否定含义的副词，unhappily 意为 “不高兴地”，符合语境。 (4) After solving the difficult math problem, Tom smiled ______ and went out to play. 【答案】happily 【详解】句意：解出这道难数学题后，汤姆快乐地笑了笑，然后出去玩了。句子需用副词修饰动词 “smiled”（笑）。happily 是副词，意为 “快乐地”，符合 “解出难题后” 的愉悦语境。 (5) Lily was ______ because her pet dog got lost yesterday. 【答案】unhappy 【详解】句意：莉莉不高兴，因为她的宠物狗昨天丢了。句中 “was” 是系动词，后接形容词作表语。根据 “pet dog got lost”（宠物狗丢失）可知，此处需用否定含义的形容词，unhappy 意为 “不高兴的”，符合语境。 4. no way 不可能；没门 [词汇拓展] in the way挡道；妨碍；on the way在去...的路上；即将到来；under way已经开始；在进行中 by the way 顺便说一下；顺便问一下；make one’s way to前往；in no way决不 go out of one's way特地；格外努力；in a way 在某种程度上；有点儿 all the way一路上；自始至终；give way to 屈服，让步；被...代替； [随学随练] 用way的短语补全句子或翻译句子 (1) The building of the new school library is (在进行中), and it will be completed next year. (2) (顺便问一下), do you know where the nearest bookstore is? I need to buy some English workbooks. (3) After the heavy rain stopped, we (前往)the top of the mountain and enjoyed the beautiful view. (4) We met our math teacher (在去...的路上) to the museum, and she told us some interesting math stories. (5) (在一定程度上), your plan is practical, but we still need to make some small changes. (6) —Mum, can I drive my father’s car to the cinema? — (不可能)! You should not be allowed to drive, because you don’t have a driver’s license(驾照). 【答案】under way；By the way；made our way to；In a way；No way 5. burn /bɜːn/ v. 燃烧；着火；烧毁，烧坏；(使)烧伤，晒伤；(使)烧焦，烧糊；发光，发亮；发烫 [词汇拓展] (过去式)burned/burnt；(过去分词)burned/burnt；burning (adj.) 着火的；燃烧的；炙热的 [词汇搭配] in the burning pan在着火的锅里；urn down（被）焚毁；burn out火烧尽；熄灭 burn up烧掉；（通过锻炼）消耗（热能） [词汇例句] Which burns up more calories─swimming or cycling? 游泳和骑车，哪种运动消耗热量大？ Fires were burning all over the city.全城处处燃烧着大火。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中burn的中文意思 (1) Fires were burning all over the city. 燃烧；烧 (2) I can smell something burning in the kitchen. (使)烧焦，烧煳 (3) I got badly burned by the sun yesterday. (使)晒伤，烫伤，烧伤 (4) Two children were rescued(营救) from the burning car. 着火；烧着 (5) Her cheeks(脸颊) burned with embarrassment. 火辣辣地痛；发烫 (6) The house was burnt to the ground. (使)烧毁，烧坏 (7) Lights were burning upstairs, but no one answered the door. 发光；发亮 6. panic /ˈpænɪk/ n. 惊恐；恐慌 v.(使)惊慌 [词汇拓展] (过去式)panicked ；(过去分词)panicked ；panicky(adj.) 恐慌的；惶惶然的 [词汇搭配] in panic 惊慌地；a panic decision慌乱中作出的决定 [词汇例句] An earthquake hit the capital, causing panic among the population. 首都发生了地震，引发民众恐慌。 7. throw /θrəʊ/ v. 猛动身体(部位)；扔，抛；猛推，使劲撞；使迅猛地摔倒在地；使处于，使陷入（某种状态） [词汇拓展] (过去式)threw /θruː/；(过去分词)thrown /θrəʊn/ [词汇搭配] throw himself to the ground他猛地扑倒在地；throw away 扔掉；throw a party 举办派对 throw sth in奉送，额外赠送；throw oneself into...投身于，积极从事 [随学随练] 用throw相关表达补全句子 (1) 别朝窗户扔石头了！ Stop the window! (2) 我猛力推开窗子，让烟散出去。 I to let the smoke out. (3) 我不需要那东西，你可以把它扔了。 I don't need that─you can . (4) 你花200元就可以买走这架钢琴，另外奉送这张琴凳。 You can have the piano for $200, and I'll the stool(凳子) as well. (5) 这太好了，蒂姆没有把作业放在一边，而是全身心投入到学习中。 It’s so great that instead of leaving his homework aside, Tim study. (6) 小男孩听到巨响时，猛地扑倒在地。 The little boy swhen he heard the loud noise. 【答案】throwing stones at ；threw open the windows；throw it away；throw in；throws himself into threw himself to the ground 8. roll /rəʊl/ v. (使)翻滚；滚动；卷起 n.卷，卷轴；小面包条 [词汇搭配] roll up one’s sleeves卷起袖子；keep the ball rolling开始某事；继续某事；roll down 滚下 spring rolls春卷；a chicken roll鸡肉卷 [词汇例句] The toy car rolled across the floor and hit the wall. 玩具车滚过地板，撞到了墙上。 9. quick /kwɪk/ adj. 快的，迅速的；敏捷的 adv. 迅速地，快速地 [词汇拓展] quickly (adv.) 迅速地；quickness (n.) 快速；quick-thinking(adj.)才思敏捷的 quick-growing(adj.)生长迅速的 [词汇搭配] a quick learner学得快的人；the quickest way最快的方式 [词汇用法] · quick用作形容词，表示“迅速的，快的”。 如：It's quicker by plane. 坐火车比较快一些。 · quickly为源自quick的常用副词。在日常用语中，quick有时用作副词，尤作感叹语。 如：My heart started to beat more quickly.我的心跳开始加快。 Come on! Quick! They’ll see us!快点吧！快！他们会看见我们的！ [随学随练] 单项填空 Let’s be ________! The class is starting. A．fun B．stressed C．quick D．angry 【答案】C 【详解】句意：让我们快点吧！快开始上课了！fun有趣的；stressed紧张的； quick迅速的，快的；angry生气的。根据The class is starting.可知快要上课了，因此要快点，故选C。 The more you practice, ________ you will finish your homework. A．the quick B．quicker C．the quicker D．the more quickly 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你练习地越多，你就能越快完成你的作业。 考查副词用法和比较级。the quick无此结构；quicker比较级，形容词；the quicker比较级，形容词；the more quickly比较级，副词。根据“The more you practice...”可知，此句考查“the+比较级...，the+比较级...”结构，意为“越……，越……”，句中应用副词quickly修饰动词finish。故选D。 10. aid /eɪd/ n.& v. 帮助；援助 [词汇拓展] aider (n.) 援助者；aidful (adj.) 有帮助的 [词汇搭配] first aid 急救；aid ... in (doing) sth.帮助...做某事；aid sb. with sth.在某方面帮助某人 in aid of sth/sb为了帮助某事物 / 人 [词汇例句] The organization provides aid to people in need after disasters. 该组织向灾后需要帮助的人们提供援助。 11. safety /ˈseɪfti/ n. 安全；安全处所 [词汇拓展] safe (adj.) 安全的；safely (adv.) 安全地 [词汇搭配] safety class安全课程；safety rules 安全规则；in safety安全地；safety first 安全第一 [词汇例句] They ran for safety when the alarm went off. 警报响起时，它们为了安全跑开了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 To cross the road ________, you should know about road ________. A．safely; safety B．safety; safely C．safe; safety 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了安全地过马路，你应该了解道路安全。 考查副词和名词用法。safely安全地，副词；safe安全的，形容词；safety安全，名词。根据“To cross the road…you should know about road…”以及选项可知，为了安全地过马路，应该了解道路安全；第一空应用副词safely修饰动词cross，第二空应用名词safety，“road safety”作介词about的宾语。故选A。 12. sadly /ˈsædli/ adv. 伤心地；令人遗憾 [词汇拓展] sad (adj.) 悲伤的；sadness (n.) 悲伤 [词汇搭配] say sadly 伤心地说；end sadly 遗憾地结束 [词汇例句] She shook her head sadly when she heard the bad news. 听到坏消息时，她伤心地摇了摇头。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Cathy lives ___________ after making friends with her classmates in the new school. A．more happily B．most happily C．sadly D．more sadly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Cathy在新学校和同学交朋友后生活得更愉快了。 考查副词的比较级。more happily更开心地；most happily最开心地；sadly难过地；more sadly更难过地。根据“Cathy lives…after making friends with her classmates in the new school”可知，在新学校和同学交朋友后，Cathy应该是更开心了，故此处填副词的比较级修饰动词lives，more happily符合题意。故选A。 13. smoke /sməʊk/ n. 烟 v. 吸烟；冒烟 [词汇拓展] smoky (adj.) 烟雾弥漫的；smoking (n.) 吸烟 [词汇搭配] smell smoke闻到烟味；(there is) no smoke without fire无火不生烟；无风不起浪 give up smoking戒烟 [词汇例句] You can’t smoke here. 你不能在这抽烟。 14. unfortunately /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/ adv. 不幸地；可惜地 [词汇拓展] unfortunate (adj.) 不幸的；fortunate(adj.)幸运的；fortunately(adv.)幸运地 misfortune (n.) 不幸；fortune(n.)幸运；命运；一大笔钱； [词汇例句] Unfortunately, the heavy rain destroyed the outdoor concert.不幸的是，大雨毁掉了户外音乐会。 [随学随练] 单项填空 We are going to have a class party tomorrow afternoon. ____, Li Ming won’t be able to take part in it, he is ill in hospital. A．Fortunately B．Luckily C．Sorry D．Unfortunately 【答案】D 【详解】句意：明天下午我们将举行一个班级聚会。不幸的是，李明不能参加，他生病住院了。考查副词辨析题。fortunately意为“幸运地”；luckily意为“幸运地”；sorry意为“抱歉”；unfortunately意为“不幸地，遗憾地”。 he is ill in hospital. 他生病住院了，日常交际中，听到别人生病的信息一般表示遗憾。根据句意语境，可知ABC三项意思都与句意不合，故选D。 15. luckily /ˈlʌkɪli/ adv. 幸运地 [词汇拓展] lucky (adj.) 幸运的；luck (n.) 运气；unlucky(adj.)不幸的；unluckily(adv.)不幸地 [随学随练] 用luck的适当形式填空 (1) ______, a kind stranger helped me find my lost schoolbag when I was in a hurry. 【答案】Luckily 【详解】句意：幸运的是，当我匆忙赶路时，一位善良的陌生人帮我找到了丢失的书包。解析：句子需要副词修饰整个句子，结合 “helped me find my lost schoolbag” 可知是幸运的场景，luckily 意为 “幸运地”，符合语境，句首首字母大写。 (2) It's a ______ day for us—we won the school basketball match and got the first prize. 【答案】lucky 【详解】句意：对我们来说这是幸运的一天 —— 我们赢得了学校篮球赛，获得了一等奖。解析：句中 “a” 和 “day” 之间需用形容词作定语，根据 “won the match and got the first prize” 可知是幸运的，lucky 意为 “幸运的”，符合语境。 (3) Some people think ______ is more important than hard work, but I don't agree. 【答案】luck 【详解】句意：有些人认为运气比努力工作更重要，但我不同意。解析：句中 “think” 后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，需用名词形式，luck 意为 “运气”，为不可数名词，符合语境。 (4) The little boy was ______ because he fell off his bike and hurt his knee yesterday. 【答案】 【详解】unlucky句意：这个小男孩很不幸，因为他昨天从自行车上摔下来，伤到了膝盖。解析：句中 “was” 是系动词，后接形容词作表语，根据 “fell off his bike and hurt his knee” 可知是不幸的，unlucky 意为 “不幸的”，符合语境。 (5) ______, the last bus had left when we arrived at the bus station, so we had to take a taxi home. 【答案】Unluckily 【详解】句意：不幸的是，我们到达汽车站时末班车已经开走了，所以我们不得不打车回家。解析：句子需要副词修饰整个句子，结合 “the last bus had left” 可知是不幸的情况，unluckily 意为 “不幸地”，符合语境，句首首字母大写。 16. badly /ˈbædli/ adv.严重地；很坏地，差地 [词汇拓展] (比较级)worse /wɜːs/；(最高级)worst /wɜːst/) ；bad (adj.) 坏的 [词汇搭配] badly hurt 严重受伤；sing badly唱得不好 [词汇例句] The building is badly in need of repair. 这栋楼急需维修。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Alice is __________ at history but I do __________ in it. She often helps me with it. A．good; well B．bad; well C．good; badly D．bad; badly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：艾丽斯擅长历史,但我做得不好。她经常帮我学它。 考查固定搭配和词义辨析。good好的；well好地；bad坏的；badly坏地。由最后一句可知，艾丽斯历史好,但我很差，“but”表示转折，故排除B和D。根据句意及“is…at”可知考查be good at，意为“擅长”；根据句意及“do…in”可知考查 do badly in，意为“在某方面差”。故选C。 17. harm /hɑːm/ n.& v. 伤害；损害 harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的 [词汇拓展] harmless (adj.) 无害的；harmfully (adv.) 有害地 [词汇搭配] keep sb. safe from harm 保护某人，免受伤害；do harm to... 对...造成伤害 harm the environment 危害环境；be harmful to...对...有害 [词汇例句] Pollution can harm marine life.污染会危及海洋生物。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Too much meat can ________ your health, so eat less meat. A．be worried about B．be harmful to C．be ready for D．be different from 【答案】B 【详解】句意：吃太多肉会对你的健康有害，所以要少吃肉。 考查形容词短语。be worried about担心；be harmful to对……有害；be ready for为……做好准备；be different from与……不同。根据“so eat less meat”可知，吃太多肉对健康有害，be harmful to符合语境。故选B。 18. pill /pɪl/ n. 药丸；药片 [词汇拓展] tablet (n.) 药片；medicine(n.)药 [词汇搭配] take a pill 服药；sleeping pill 安眠药 [词汇例句] She took a pill to relieve her headache before going to bed. 睡前她服了一片药来缓解头痛。 [词汇辨析] pill / tablet / medicine · pill常指圆形的药丸，使可数名词 · tablet常指扁平、椭圆形的药片。现代英语中常指 “平板电脑”。 · medicine表示“药”时，常用作不可数名词。此外，medicine还可以表示“医学”。 19. painful /ˈpeɪnfəl/ adj. (身体部位) 疼痛的；令人痛苦的 [词汇拓展] pain (n.) 疼痛；painfully (adv.) 痛苦地 [词汇搭配] painful experience 痛苦经历；painful memory 痛苦记忆 [词汇例句] The burn on his hand was so painful that he couldn't sleep. 他手上的烧伤很疼，让他无法入睡。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —The news says that a couple found their lost son. —Great! It is one of ________ things for parents to be away from their children for such a long time. A．the more painful B．the most painful C．the more valuable D．the most valuable 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——新闻说一对夫妇找到了他们走失的儿子。——太棒了！对父母来说，离开孩子这么长时间是最痛苦的事情之一。 考查形容词辨析和最高级。the more painful越痛苦；the most painful最痛苦的；the more valuable越有价值；the most valuable最有价值的。根据“parents to be away from their children for such a long time”可知，父母与孩子分开太长时间是很痛苦的；one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数“最……之一”。故选B。 20. lie /laɪ/ v. 平躺；平放；位于；存在；撒谎 n.谎言 [词汇拓展] (过去式)lay /leɪ/ ；(过去分词)lain /leɪn/；liar (n.) 说谎者 [词汇搭配] lie down 平躺；平卧；lie in在于；lie to sb.对某人撒谎 [词汇用法] · lie作名词，表示“谎言”，常用于搭配tell a lie / tell lies撒谎；white lie善意的谎言。 如：Sometimes it's better to tell a white lie to make others feel better.有时候为了让别人好受点，说个善意的 谎言会更好。 · lie作动词，表示“撒谎”，此时其过去式和过去分词为规则变化lied，lied。 如：He lied about his age to get the job.为了得到这份工作，他在年龄上撒了谎。 · lie作动词，表示“位于；存在；平躺”等意思时，其过去式和过去分词为不规则变化，分别是lay和lain。 如：He lay on the grass and looked at the blue sky.他躺在草地上，看着蓝天。 · lay本身也可以用作动词原形，表示“下蛋，产卵；放置，摆放”，其过去式和过去分词为不规则变化，分别是laid；laid。 如：The hen has laid an egg in the basket.母鸡在篮子里下了一个蛋。 [随学随练] 选词填空lie / lied / lay / laid / lies (1) In the story, Amélie tells a to make her mother happy. (2) He is an honest boy. But he to us just now. (3) The Palace Museum is a modern name of the Forbidden City. It in the heart of Beijing. (4) Robin fell to the ground. He there for a long time (5) Yesterday, I a book in a room which was filled with sweet smell. 【答案】lie (n.)；lied (v.)撒谎；lies (v.)位于；lay (v.)平躺；laid (v.) 摆放 21. hit /hɪt/ v. (hit hit) 碰撞；击，打；使(某人)突然意识到 n. 打，击；击中；很受欢迎的人(或事物)，成功而轰动(或风行)一时的事物；(网站的)点击，浏览 [词汇拓展] (过去式)hit；(过去分词)hit [词汇搭配] hit her hard猛烈的撞击了他；hit by a car 被车撞； sth. hit sb. 某人突然意识到某事；It hit sb. that... 某人突然意识到某事 be/make a hit (with sb)  给(某人)留下很好的第一印象，大受欢迎；hit big很成功 [词汇例句] A good idea suddenly hit him. 他突然想到一个好主意。 It hit him that he left his keys at home. 他突然意识到他把钥匙落在了家里。 [随学随练] 写出hit在下列句子中的中文意思。 (1) She hit him on the head with her umbrella. (v.)(用手或器具)击，打 (2) The bus hit the bridge. (v.)碰撞，撞击 (3) I couldn't remember where I'd seen him before, and then it suddenly hit me. (v.)使(某人)突然意识到 (4) The song became a hit in 1945. (n.) 成功而轰动(或风行)一时的事物 (5) Our small company has had 78,000 hits on its Internet pages. (网站的)点击，浏览 (6) David gave a hit on Jack’s head. (n.) 击，打 22. shock /ʃɒk/ n. 震惊；令人震惊的事 v. 使震惊；使惊愕 [词汇拓展] shocking (adj.) 令人震惊的；shocked (adj.) 感到震惊的 [词汇搭配] culture shock 文化冲击；in shock 处于震惊中 [词汇例句] The sudden news of her resignation shocked everyone in the office. 她突然辞职的消息震惊了办公室里的每个人。 [随学随练] 用shock的适当形式填空。 (1) —Did you hear of the accident that happened yesterday? —Yes. The bad news made every one of us . (2) The child's bad language his mother. She was so angry. (3) Her death was a great   to us all. 【答案】shocking；shocked(形容词，感到震惊的)；shocked(动词过去式，使震惊 ) ；shock(名词，震惊) 23. bleed /bliːd/ v. 流血；出血 [词汇拓展] (过去式)bled /bled/；(过去分词)bled；bleeding (n.) 出血；blood (n.) 血；nosebleed(n.)鼻出血 [词汇搭配] bleed heavily 大量出血；bleed to death 失血致死 [词汇例句] If you cut your finger, it might bleed for a few minutes. 如果你割伤手指，可能会流血几分钟。 [随学随练] 用bleed适当形式填空 (1) The nurse took a sample of his __________ to test for anemia. (2) First aid is essential to stop severe __________ after an accident. (3) The doctor applied pressure to the wound where the patient was __________ heavily. (4) The patient __________ profusely before the ambulance finally arrived. 【答案】blood(n.血液)；bleeding (n.)；bleeding (动词ing)；bled(过去式) 24. check /tʃek/ v. 检查，审查；查明，核实；克制，抑制 n. 检查；调查 [词汇拓展] checker (n.) 检查员；check-up (n.) 检查；（尤指）体格检查 [词汇搭配] check Kelly’s arm carefully仔细检查Kelly的手臂；check in (at…)(在旅馆、机场等)登记 check out结账离开(旅馆等)；查证，核实；(从图书馆等)借出；check with sn.向某人核实 check over/through sth.仔细检查；核对；check up on 监督，督促；查证，核实 [随学随练] 用check相关表达补全句子 (1) 医生仔细检查了Lucy的左腿。 The doctor . (2) 我父母总是督促我。 My parents are always me. (3) 仔细检查你的作业以防有错。 for mistakes. (4) 你最好向简核实一下她今晚要见我们的时间。 You Jane what time she's expecting us tonight. (5) 他昨天从图书馆借了几本书。 He from the library. 【答案】checked Lucy’s left leg carefully；checking up on ；Check over your homework had better check with；checked out some books 25. tight /taɪt/ adj. 疼痛的，憋气的；紧的，牢实的；严密的，严格的；拮据的，紧的； [词汇拓展] tightly (adv.) 紧紧地；tighten (v.) (使)变紧 [词汇搭配] feel tight感到疼痛，感到哽咽；have a very tight budget预算很紧 keep tight control over对某事严加控制 [词汇例句] These shoes are much too tight. 这双鞋太紧了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —The dress is so________ . How comes? —You certainly put on weight. After all, you ate five meals a day on vacation. A．tight B．painful C．put off D．put down 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这条裙子太紧了。怎么回事？——你确实长胖了。毕竟，你在假期一天吃五顿饭。 考查形容词辨析。tight紧的；painful痛苦的；quick快的；harmful有害的。根据“You certainly put on weight .After all, you ate five meals a day on vacation.”可知，此处指体重增加了，所以裙子显得太紧了。故选A。 26. nervously /ˈnɜːvəsli/ adv. 紧张不安地 [词汇拓展] nervous (adj.) 紧张的；nervousness (n.) 紧张 [词汇搭配] ask nervously 紧张地问到；speak nervously 紧张地说 [词汇例句] Brunhilde stood up nervously as the men came into the room.那些人进屋时，布伦希尔德紧张地 站了起来。 27. allergic /əˈlɜːdʒɪk/ adj. 过敏的；对...十分反感 [词汇拓展] allergy (n.) 过敏；allergen (n.) 过敏原 [词汇搭配] allergic to 对…过敏；对...十分反感 [词汇例句] I like cats but unfortunately I'm allergic to them.我喜欢猫，但遗憾的是我对猫过敏。 3、 重难句型解析 1. It is/was + one's + 序数词（first/second/third...）+ time + (in) doing sth. 句型 (教材原句)It was their first time living away from their families,...这是他们第一次远离家人生活，... 上述句子是“It is/was + one's + 序数词（first/second/third...）+ time + (in) doing sth. ”结构的句型，表示“这是某人第...次做...”。 如：It is his first time trying Mapo tofu.这是他第一次尝试麻婆豆腐。 [随学随练] 用上述句型翻译句子 这是我们第三次参观科学博物馆。 【答案】It is our third time visiting the science museum. 2. while引导时间状语从句和省略 (教材原句)Then he turned on the stove and left the oil to heat while he prepared the chicken.然后他打开炉子， 让油加热，同时他准备鸡肉。 (教材原句)I’ll avoid looking at my phone while crossing the road next time.下次过马路时，我会避免看手机。 · while引导时间状语从句，表示“在...期间，与此同时”，其后的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，即表示的动作可以持续。 · 在时间状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，且从句谓语动词包含 be 动词（am/is/are/was/were）时，可省略从句的主语和 be 动词，保留现在分词（doing）、过去分词（done）或形容词 / 介词短语。如第二句，其完整形式为：I’ll avoid looking at my phone while I am crossing the road next time. 如：While my mother was cooking in the kitchen, I was doing my homework.妈妈在厨房做饭的时候，我正 在写作业。（主从句主语不一致，不可省略） While we were waiting for the bus, we talked about the film.我们等公交车的时候，聊了那部电影。(主 从句主语一致，且从句谓语含be动词，可省略为：While waiting for the bus, we talked about the film.) [随学随练] 单项填空 Don't leave the water running while your teeth. A．brush B．brushing C．to brush D．being brushed 【答案】B 【详解】解析：句意：当你刷牙的时候不要让水一直流着。由Don't leave the water running可知本句时态应该用现在进行时态。while引导的时间状语从句，后面跟延续性的动词，当后面有动词而且没有主语的时候，都是省略了主语+be，所以只剩动词ing形式了；while是连词，加一个现在分词可以表达一个从句的意思。结合选项，可知B选项符合题意。A选项是一般现在时，C选项是动词不定式，D选项形式结构不正确；故答案选B。 3. as引导时间状语从句和原因状语从句 (教材原句)“Maybe we should eat out tonight,” James said as he ran cool water over his arm.“也许我们今晚应 该出去吃，”詹姆斯一边用凉水冲胳膊一边说。 (教材原句)Don’t lie down for too long as it could make your back feel sore. 不要躺得太久，否则可能会使你 的背部感到疼痛。 第一句中as引导时间状语从句；第二句中as表示原因，引导原因状语从句。 如：As she walked along the park path, she picked up some fallen leaves.当她沿着公园小径走时，她捡起了 几片落叶。 As the rain kept pouring, we had to cancel the outdoor picnic.因为雨一直下，我们不得不取消户外野餐。 [随学随练] 单项填空 ________ Helen’s knowledge and vocabulary increased, she asked more and more questions. A．Unless B．While C．As D．Before 【答案】C 【详解】句意：随着海伦的知识和词汇量增长，她问的问题越来越多。 考查连词辨析。Unless除非；While当……时（强调同时性）；As随着（表伴随或渐进）；Before在……之前。根据“Helen’s knowledge and vocabulary increased, she asked more and more questions.”可知，前后分句为伴随关系，强调知识增长与提问增加的同步性，故选C。 4. so...that...引导结果状语从句 (教材原句)But he was so close to the pan that a flame jumped onto his shirt.但他离锅太近了，一团火焰窜到 了他的衬衫上。 此句中so...that...表示“如此...以至于...”，引导结果状语从句，so是副词，后接形容词或副词，that后为从句，表示结果。 such...that...也用于引导结果状语从句，such后接名词或名词短语。 如：He was so excited that he couldn’t fall asleep. 他太兴奋了以至于睡不着。 He made such an excellent performance that everyone cheered for him. 他表现得如此出色，大家都为 他欢呼。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) He reads ______ few books that he can’t tell stories to ______ little children. A．so; such B．such; such C．so; so D．such; so 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他读的书如此少，以至于他不能给这么小的孩子讲故事。 考查so和such的用法区别。在结果状语从句中，so用于修饰形容词或副词，such用于修饰名词或名词短语。第一个空后“few”是形容词，表示“少的”，因此用so修饰；第二个空后“little children”是名词短语，其中“little”表示“小的”，因此用such修饰。故选A。 (2) It was _________ dark here _________ I couldn’t see anything even with my eyes wide open. A．too; to B．so; that C．such; that D．enough; to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这里如此黑暗，以至于我睁大眼睛也什么都看不见。 考查结果状语从句。too...to...太……而不能，to后跟动词原形；so... that...如此……以至于，so后跟形容词或副词，that后面跟结果状语从句；such...that...如此……以至于，such后接名词，that后接从句；enough...to...足够……去做某事，to后跟动词原形。根据第一个空格后的“dark”是形容词，且“I couldn’t see anything even with my eyes wide open.”是从句，可知用so...that...结构，故选B。 5. be about to do...when...句型 (教材原句)Allen was about to do so when he stopped short. 艾伦正要这么做时，突然停住了。 · 此句中be about to do...when...句型表示“正准备要做...突然...”，用来描述某人正准备做某事时，突然发生了另一个动作或事件，强调两个动作的紧密联系和时间上非常接近。 如：She was about to answer the question when the bell rang.她正要回答这个问题，这时下课铃突然响了。 · be about to do可以用来将来，表示“即将发生”，强调时间间隔很短。will表示将来时强调临时决定或偶然发生。be going to do表示将来，强调计划性或有迹象的预测。 如：The class is about to begin. Please be quiet.马上要上课了，请安静。 Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.（看那些乌云，要下雨了。 —The phone is ringing. 电话响了。 —I will get it. 我去接。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 我正要出门，这时突然下起了大雨。 【答案】I was about to leave the house when it began to rain heavily. 6. that引导主语从句和宾语从句 (教材原句)It was lucky that his shirt wasn’t too thin!幸运的是他的衬衫不是太薄！ 此句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，that引导了一个主语从句。 如：That he will come to the party makes me happy.=It makes me happy that he will come to the party.他要来 参加聚会让我很高兴。 (教材原句)You’re lucky that your injury wasn’t worse. 你的伤势没有更严重，真是幸运。 此句中that引导的从句跟在形容词lucky后作宾语，引导了一个宾语从句。that引导宾语从句常位于及物动词后，也可以跟在表示情感的形容词后。 如：He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —It’s strange _______ there are no workers in the restaurant. —Well, this is a self-service restaurant. People can order meals on the screen. A．that B．whether C．if 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——真奇怪，餐馆里没有工作人员。——哦，这是一家自助餐厅。人们可以在屏幕上点餐。 考查从属连词辨析。that用于某些动词、形容词和名词后，引出各种从句；whether是否；if如果，是否。根据“ It’s strange...there are no workers in the restaurant.”可知，这里指”没有工作人员的餐馆”很奇怪，此处是that引导的从句作主语，it在此作形式主语。故选A。 7. 定语从句中的省略 (教材原句)It was a day he would never forget. 那是他永远不会忘记的一天。 此句中he would never forget是一个定语从句，修饰前面的a day，这个定语从句由that/which引导。关系代词that,which,whom等引导定语从句时，若在从句中充当宾语成分，可以省略。 如：The book (that/which) I bought yesterday is very useful.我昨天买的那本书很有用。 4、 其他知识解析 1. 过去分词表被动含义 (教材原句)Just then, he heard the front door open, followed by the sound of Allen singing.就在这时，他听到 门开了，接着是艾伦唱歌的声音。 此句中followed是过去分词形式，在此处作状语，用来补充说明主句动作发生后紧接着出现的情况。 过去分词通常表示被动含义，与其逻辑主语前形成被动关系。此句中follow逻辑主语是the front door open,此逻辑主语被the sound of Allen singing“跟随”,因此是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。如与逻辑主语间为主动关系，则用现在分词形式。 比较以下两句： Tom went into the room, followed by his pet cat.汤姆走进房间，他的宠物猫跟在后面。 (followed是过去分词，表示被动关系。Tom被pet cat跟随着) Tom went into the room, following by his pet cat.汤姆走进房间，他的宠物猫跟在后面。 (following是现在分词，表示主动关系。Tom跟随着pet cat) 如：The rain stopped suddenly, followed by a bright rainbow in the sky.雨突然停了，紧接着天空出现了一道 绚丽的彩虹。 [随学随练] 单项填空 It’s a little expensive, ________ to Daming’s T-shirt. A．compare B．to compare C．comparing D．compared 【答案】D 【详解】句意：与大明的T恤相比，它有点贵。 考查非谓语动词。根据“It’s a little expensive, … to Daming’s T-shirt”可知，这里比较的是两个人T恤的价格，T-shirt与compare之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词表达被动含义。故选D。 2. 被动语态 (教材原句)In seconds, the fire in the burning pan was put out.几秒钟之内，燃烧的平底锅里的火就被扑灭了。 此句中was put out是被动语态结构，其中put是过去分词形式。被动语态的基本结构为“be+动词过去分词”，在使用过程中，be动词跟随时态进行各种变形。此句中be动词变为was，所以was put out是一般过去时的被动语态结构。 如：The windows were cleaned by Tom just now.窗户刚刚被汤姆擦干净了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Did you receive the invitation letter? —Yes. It ________ to my home address three days ago. A．sent B．was sending C．is sent D．was sent 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你收到邀请函了吗？——是的。它三天前被送到我的家庭住址。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。“It”指代邀请函，是动作的承受者，需用被动语态；时间状语“three days ago”表示过去时间，因此需用一般过去时的被动语态“was done”。故选D。 3. 过去进行时 (教材原句)Large flames were jumping into the air. 巨大的火焰窜向空中。 此句中were jumping是过去进行时。过去进行时的结构为“was/were+doing”，表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。 如：He was doing his homework when I came in. 当我进来时，他正在写作业。 (教材原句)She was late, and her exam was starting in 10 minutes! 她迟到了，考试十分钟后就要开始了。 was/were doing结构还可以表示即将发生的动作。此句中in 10 minutes表示“十分钟以后”，此句中was starting表示“即将开始”。 [随学随练] 单项填空 My father ________ TV when he heard a loud noise outside. A．watched B．was watching C．is watching D．has watched 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我父亲正在看电视，这时他听到外面有很大的噪音。 考查动词时态。根据“when he heard a loud noise outside”可知听到噪音的时候，他正在看电视，用过去进行时was/were doing。故选B。 4. by表示方式 (教材原句)He put out the fire by rolling on the ground, but the pan was still burning!他通过在地上打滚扑灭 了身上的火，但锅还在燃烧！ 此句中by rolling on the ground表示“通过在地上打滚”，by doing表示“通过...方式”。 如：He improves his spoken English by talking with foreign friends.他通过与外国朋友交谈来提高自己的英 语口语水平。 [随学随练] 单项填空 My cousin solved his problems by ________ with his friends. A．talking B．talked C．to talk D．talks 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的表兄通过和他的朋友谈话来解决他的问题。 考查非谓语动词。by是介词，此处应用动名词talking作宾语，A项符合。故选A。 5. anything but 用法 (教材原句)“Anything but fried chicken,” he said sadly.“除了炸鸡什么都行，”他伤心地说。 anything but 表示“除...外；决不”，其中but用作介词，表示“除了”。 类似结构短语：nothing but表示“仅仅，只是”。 如：The problem is anything but easy. 这个问题一点也不简单。 I want nothing but the best for my children. 我只是想给我的孩子们最好的。 6. 副词用法 (教材原句)“Anything but fried chicken,“ he said sadly.“除了炸鸡什么都行，”他伤心地说。 (教材原句)“Were there any peanuts in our food?” he asked nervously. “我们的食物里有花生吗？”他紧张 地问。 副词一般用于修饰动词，使动作更加生动具体。 如：The girls were dancing happily. 女孩子们高兴地跳着舞。 (教材原句)Suddenly, Allen stopped talking and looked up.突然，艾伦停止说话，抬起头。 (教材原句)Unfortunately, his shirt caught fire , so he dropped to the ground and...不幸的是，他的衬衫着火了， 于是他扑倒在地... (教材原句)Luckily, James wasn’t baldly hurt. 幸运的是，詹姆斯没有受严重的伤。 副词也可以位于句首修饰整个句子。 如：Unluckily, he lost his spare keys. 不幸的是，他丢了备用钥匙。 [随学随练] 根据语境，在空格处填写合适的副词，每题可填入多个答案 (1) All the players practiced basketball __________ for the coming school match. 【参考答案】actively(积极地)；seriously(认真地)；hard(勤奋地) (2) When the teacher asked a difficult question, Lucy raised her hand __________. 【参考答案】quickly(很快地)；actively(积极地)；bravely(勇敢地) (3) “Did you broke my toy?” Jack asked__________. 【参考答案】sadly(伤心地)；angrily(生气地)；unhappily(不高兴地) (4) The student copied his classmate’s homework __________ and was found by the teacher soon. 【参考答案】secretly(偷偷地), carelessly(马虎地), nervously(紧张地) (5) __________, the boy missed the early bus. 【参考答案】Unfortunately(不幸地)；Unluckily(不幸地) 5、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  根据据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) I’ve been busy with a first (援助) course that I started about a week ago at the Red Cross. 【答案】aid (2) Cutting down too many trees will (伤害) the forest environment. 【答案】harm (3) Keep the silk away from the fire because it may b (燃烧) easily. 【答案】(b)urn (4) Nancy is (平躺) on her bed and listening to music at the moment. 【答案】lying (5) Don’t (扔) rubbish here and there. 【答案】throw (6) He (碰撞) his head on the door before entering the office. 【答案】hit (7) Today Eric had a (快的) breakfast. 【答案】quick (8) My finger is (流血). Can you help me deal with it? 【答案】bleeding (9) Remember to (检查) your answers before handing in your papers. 【答案】check (10) Don’t drive by yourself. I am worried about your (安全). 【答案】safety (11) There is a new movie on show in the cinema (今晚). 【答案】tonight (12) P (药丸) should be stored properly because they are easily mistaken for sweets by children. 【答案】(P)ills (13) The river is so dirty. This gives me a great (震惊). 【答案】shock (14) When Mr and Mrs Wang were away, their house (着火). 【答案】 caught fire (15) Everything is ready. Please (打开)the blender. 【答案】 turn on (16) We (正要) leave the park when it started to rain heavily. 【答案】 were about to (17) These injured people were given (急救)at once. 【答案】 first aid (18) Let’s save the animals and say no to the things made of animals(从现在时). 【答案】 from now on 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) Kate asked the Greens to help to some fried chicken. (them) 【答案】themselves 【详解】句意：凯特让格林一家随便吃点炸鸡。help oneself to sth.“随意享用某物”，是固定短语，所以此处用them的反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 (2) The children played (happy) in the playground after school. 【答案】happily 【详解】句意：放学后，孩子们在操场上快乐地玩耍。空格处缺少副词修饰动词played，happy的副词形式是happily。故填happily。 (3) Yesterday, he (burn) his hand while making dinner. 【答案】burned/burnt 【详解】句意：昨天他在做晚饭时烧伤了手。根据“Yesterday”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以空格处应填动词burn的过去式burned或burnt。故填burned/burnt。 (4) Alice (throw) the ball at me and it hit me right on the head. 【答案】threw 【详解】句意：爱丽丝把球扔向我，球正好打中了我的头。“hit”为过去式，根据and并列成分的时态要一致的原则，可知此处填过去式。故填threw。 (5) He turned off the TV very (quick) when he heard the sound of opening the door. 【答案】quickly 【详解】句意：当他听到开门声时，他非常迅速地关掉了电视。根据“turned off the TV”可知，是指迅速地关掉电视，需要副词修饰动词。“quick”是形容词，其副词形式为“quickly”，表示“迅速地”，符合语境。故填quickly。 (6) When you do sports, you should care about your (safe). 【答案】safety 【详解】句意：当你做运动时，你应该关心自己的安全。形容词性物主代词“your”后需接名词，“safe”的名词形式为“safety”。故填safety。 (7) I love old buildings in our city centre. (sad), many of them didn’t remain (保留). 【答案】Sadly 【详解】句意：我喜欢市中心的老建筑。遗憾的是，它们中的许多都没有保留下来。sad伤心的，形容词；此处需填一个词修饰整个句子“many of them didn’t remain”，sad的副词形式“Sadly”意为“遗憾地、悲伤地”，符合语境。句首首字母大写，故填Sadly。 (8) We do not allow (smoke) in the library. 【答案】smoking 【详解】句意：我们不允许在图书馆里吸烟。allow“允许；准许”，动词，其固定用法为“allow doing sth.”，表示“允许做某事”，后接动名词作宾语。“smoke”的动名词形式是“smoking”。故填smoking。 (9) It rained heavily yesterday. (luck), I took my umbrella . 【答案】Luckily 【详解】句意：昨天雨下得很大。幸运的是，我带了雨伞。根据提示词luck可知，此处需用副词修饰整个句子；名词luck的副词形式为luckily，表示“幸运地”，句首单词首字母大写，故填Luckily。 (10) Among all the players, he played (badly) because he didn’t practice enough. 【答案】the worst/worst 【详解】句意：在所有选手中，他表现得最差，因为他练习得不够。根据“Among all the players”可知，这是在三者或三者以上之间进行比较，故此处应用最高级形式。badly是副词，意为“糟糕地”，修饰实义动词played，其最高级是不规则变化，为worst。副词最高级前定冠词the可省略。故填the worst/worst。 (11) Drinking milk tea with too much sugar can be (harm) to your health. 【答案】harmful 【详解】句意：喝太多糖的奶茶可能对你的健康有害。根据“can be…to”可知，横线处需填形容词，harm“伤害”，名词或动词，其形容词形式为harmful，意为“有害的”，be harmful to“对……有害”。故填harmful。 (12) The little girl felt (pain) because she hurt her leg badly. 【答案】painful 【详解】句意：小女孩感到很疼，因为她的腿伤得很严重。根据“The little girl felt...because she hurt her leg badly.”以及英文提示可知，系动词feel后需接形容词作表语，括号内pain为名词“疼痛”，其形容词形式为painful“疼痛的”。故填painful。 (13) She (lie) in bed for several minutes, and then she felt better. 【答案】lay 【详解】句意：她在床上躺了几分钟，然后就感觉好些了。根据“and then she felt better.”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以空处用lie的过去式lay。故填lay。 (14) A big rainstorm (hit) the small town yesterday. 【答案】hit 【详解】句意：昨天一场大暴雨袭击了这个小镇。根据“yesterday”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词要用过去式，hit的过去式为hit。故填hit。 (15) When she heard the news, she felt so (shock) that she couldn’t say a word. 【答案】shocked 【详解】句意：当她听到这个消息时，她感到如此震惊，以至于一句话也说不出来。空格前为系动词“felt”(feel的过去式)，后接形容词作表语，构成“主系表”结构；shock为动词 (使震惊) 或名词 (震惊)，其形容词形式有两种——shocked (感到震惊的，修饰人) 和shocking (令人震惊的，修饰事物)；主语为“she”(人)，强调“她自身感到震惊”，应用 shocked。故填shocked。 (16) The victim was wounded with a knife and (bleed) to death as a result. 【答案】bled 【详解】句意：受害者受了刀伤，结果失血而亡。根据“was”可知句子采用一般过去时，动词bleed的过去式为bled。故填bled。 (17) The competitor from Britain was nervous and did (bad) in the competition. 【答案】badly 【详解】句意：来自英国的选手很紧张，在比赛中表现很差。这里修饰动词did用副词badly“差”。故填badly。 (18) Jenny wasn’t able to answer the question, so she sat (nervous). 【答案】nervously 【详解】句意：珍妮不能回答这个问题，所以她紧张地坐着。分析句子可知，此处要使用副词修饰动词“sat”，nervous“紧张的”，形容词，其副词形式是nervously，故填nervously。 3. 单项填空 (1) Doing exercises every day can help people improve ________. A．myself B．themselves C．yourself D．ourselves 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每天锻炼能够帮助人们提升他们自己。 考查反身代词辨析。myself我自己；themselves他们自己；yourself你自己；ourselves我们自己。根据句子结构，主语是“people”，表示“人们”，因此反身代词也应该用themselves。故选B。 (2) —Do you mind ________ the music? My favourite song is playing. —________. I’m trying to focus on my homework. A．to turn on; No, go ahead B．turning up; You’d better not C．to turn down; Yes, please do it D．turning off; Not at all 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你介意把音乐调大一点吗？我最喜欢的歌正在播放。——你最好不要。我正努力集中精力做作业。 考查动词短语辨析及情景交际。turn on打开；turn up调高音量；turn down减小音量；turn off关掉； No, go ahead不介意，请便；You’d better not你最好不要；Yes, please do it是的，请做；Not at all一点也不介意。第一空根据“My favourite song is playing.”可知，正在播放最喜欢的歌曲，应该是想调高音量，turn up符合句意；第二空根据“I’m trying to focus on my homework.”可知，对方正在做作业，应该不同意调高音量，You’d better not符合句意。故选B。 (3) —Why do you feel ________ today? —The exciting news brings me ________. A．happy; happily B．happy; happiness C．happily; happily D．happy; happy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你今天为什么感到开心？——这个令人兴奋的消息带给我快乐。 考查形容词和名词辨析。happy开心的，形容词；happily开心地，副词；happiness快乐，名词。第一个空，“feel”是系动词，后接形容词作表语，所以第一个空填“happy”；第二个空，“bring sb. sth.”是固定搭配，表示“带给某人某物”，所以第二个空应该填名词“happiness”。故选B。 (4) —What do you think of Mike’s method to solve the problem? —I don’t fully agree, but ________, it’s better than doing nothing at all. A．in a way B．on the way C．in no way D．in the way 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得迈克解决这个问题的方法怎么样？——我不完全同意，但在某种程度上，这总比什么都不做要好。 考查介词短语辨析。in a way在某种程度上；on the way在……路上；in no way决不；in the way妨碍，挡道。根据语境可知，此处是在表达虽然不完全同意迈克的方法，但在某种程度上，这个方法比什么都不做要好，所以应该用in a way。故选A。 (5) —Mum, could I play computer games for a while now? —________. You must finish your homework first. A．Of course B．No way C．No problem D．No doubt 【答案】B 【详解】句意“—妈妈，我现在能玩一会电脑游戏吗？—没门，你必须首先完成你的作业。”本题考查情景交际。A. Of course 当然可以；B. No way没门； C. No problem 没问题；D. No doubt无疑地。根据后一句You must finish your homework first.你必须首先完成作业可知，他妈妈拒绝了请求，所以是否定回答。故选B。 (6) Wang Lei left his office very late．________，he caught the last bus． A．Sadly B．Nervously C．Luckily D．Badly 【答案】C 【详解】解析：句意：王磊离开办公室特别晚，幸运的是，他赶上了末班车。 考查副词辨析。Sadly伤心地，Nervously紧张地， Luckily幸运地，Badly严重地。根据前后句的意思，应该是“幸运地赶上末班车”。故答案选C。 (7) —Mr Wang, I found my wallet ________ on Vivian’s table yesterday afternoon. — Really? I can’t believe that she ________ to me yesterday. A．lie; lay B．lied; lied C．lying; lied D．lay; lie 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——王老师，昨天下午我发现我的钱包放在Vivian的桌子上。——真的吗？我不敢相信她昨天对我撒谎了。 考查非谓语与时态。“lie” 有两个核心含义及对应变形：①表示 “躺、位于” 时，现在分词为 “lying”，过去式为 “lay”；②表示 “说谎” 时，过去式为 “lied”，现在分词也为 “lying”。第一空：结合前半句 “I found my wallet...on Vivian’s table yesterday afternoon”，可知此处 “lie” 表示 “（物品）平放、位于”，且 “钱包” 与 “位于” 是主动状态。“find + 宾语 + 现在分词” 是固定结构，强调 “发现某物正处于某种状态”，因此需用 “lie（表‘位于’）” 的现在分词 “lying”；第二空：结合后半句 “she...to me yesterday”可知，此处 “lie” 表示 “说谎”，且时间状语 “yesterday” 提示句子需用一般过去时。“lie（表‘说谎’）” 的过去式为 “lied”。故选C。 (8) —Is there an action movie on show in Town Cinema tonight? —There might be one. But you’d better________on the app to make sure. A．harm B．check C．smoke D．cross 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——今晚城镇电影院有动作片上映吗？——可能会有一部。但你最好在app上确认一下。 考查动词辨析。harm伤害；check查看，核实；smoke抽烟；cross跨越。根据“There might be one”可知，今晚也许有动作片，但不确定，所有说话者建议对方核实一下。故选B。 (9) We asked Wang Hao to lead us to the Nanchang Museum ________ he said he knew the way. A．as B．until C．unless D．though 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们请王浩带我们去南昌博物馆，因为他说他知道路。 考查连词辨析。as因为；until直到……为止；unless除非；though尽管。根据语境可知，“he said he knew the way”是“我们请王浩带我们去南昌博物馆”的原因，所以应该用连词as来引导原因状语从句。故选A。 (10) I was about ________ some shopping ________ he telephoned me. A．doing; when B．to do; when C．doing; before D．to do; after 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我正打算去买东西，这时他给我打了电话。 考查动词不定式和时间状语从句。when当……时；before在……之前；after在……之后。根据“I was about...some shopping...he telephoned me.”可知，此处表示“我”正打算去买东西，这时他给“我”打了电话，可用be about to do sth. when...“正打算做某事，这时……”，所以第一空应是to do，第二空应用when。故选B。 4. 翻译句子或补全句子 (1) 这是他第一次自己做蛋糕。 【答案】It is/was his first time making a cake by himself. (2) 当他爸爸开门时，他立刻把电视关了。 【答案】He turned off the TV at once when his father opened the door. (3) 我们正准备要出门时电话响了。 【答案】We were about to go out when the phone rang. (4) Tom的房子着火了。幸运的是，火很快被消防员扑灭了。 【答案】Tom's house caught fire. Fortunately/Luckily, the fire was put out by the firefighters quickly. (5) 孩子们立刻行动起来，把受伤的老人送往了医院。 【答案】The children jumped into action and sent the injured old man to the hospital. (6) 从现在开始，你应该改变你的生活习惯。 【答案】From now on, you should change your living habits. (7) 一个硬的东西击打到了Kelly的头部，她的头部开始流血。 【答案】A hard object hit Kelly on the head, and her head started bleeding. (8) 你很幸运没有受严重的伤。你要照顾好自己。 【答案】You are fortunate/lucky that you weren't badly injured. You should take good care of yourself. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $