Unit 2 Stay Healthy Grammar（情态动词用于建议 & 反身代词）核心知识点精讲精练-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元全方位精练（新教材人教版）

该初中英语单元语法复习讲义系统构建了“情态动词用于建议”与“反身代词”的知识体系，分模块精讲核心语法点，通过表格归纳反身代词构成及人称变化，对比解析should与could的建议语气差异，结合例句呈现从基础用法到情景运用的递进脉络。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，随学随练通过补全句子（如“你应该多喝热水”）即时巩固，情景运用题（给背痛朋友提建议）融合语法与生活场景，培养语言运用能力与思维品质。基础练习夯实规则（反身代词填空），提升练习（语法填空、对话补全）深化综合运用，助力基础生掌握语法规则、优秀生提升语境表达，为教师实施精准分层教学提供支持。

Unit 2 Stay Healthy (Grammar)（情态动词用于建议 & 反身代词） 核心知识点精讲精练 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Grammar 部分精讲本单元的重点语法，讲解部分配有随学随练。 · Grammar 部分还设置了单元语法基础练习和单元语法提升练习，丰富多样的习题帮助学生更好地学习并掌握单元语法知识。 1、 单元语法解析 情态动词用于建议 1. 情态动词的基本用法 (1) 情态动词用于表明说话者对某一行为或动作的态度和观点，包括能力，可能，命令，要求，意愿，怀疑等。 (2) 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 You should listen carefully in class. 你在课堂上要认真听讲。 She can finish the task herself. 她可以自己完成这个任务。 (3) 情态动词不能单独作谓语，后面必须接动词原形。 She may go there. 她可能会去那里。 Lucy can play soccer well. 露西足球踢得很好。 2. 常用于建议的情态动词 (1) should · should表示劝告或建议，可译为“应该，应当”，表述的是自己的主观看法。其同义词为ought to。 用于向他人提出不应该做某事的建议时，用should的否定形式should not（可缩略为shouldn’t）。 You should drink more hot water. 你应该多喝些热水。 You shouldn’t eat too much. 你不应该吃太多。 · should还可以表示义务和责任。 We should clean up the classroom. 我们应该把教室打扫干净。 (2) could · could用于建议，表示“可以”，语气较弱。could用于建议时，不表示过去。 You could drink some water with honey. 你可以喝些加蜂蜜的水。 · could可以用作can的过去式，表示过去的能力。 She could play soccer well when she was a little girl. 她是个小女孩时，她足球踢得很好。 · could可以用于委婉地提出请求，常用于句型“Could you please+动词原形+其他？”，表示“你可以...吗？”。回答时要用can，不能用could。 —Could you please help me park the car? 你能帮我停下车吗？ —Yes, I can. / Sorry, I can’t. 是的，可以。/抱歉，我不行。 对于could的请求，肯定回答还可以用：Sure. /Certainly./ Of course./ With pleasure. · could可以用于委婉地请求许可，常用于句型“Could I++动词原形+其他？”可译为“我可以...吗？”。 Could I eat another cake? 我能再吃块蛋糕吗？ (3) should和could用于建议的区别 · should提出建议时，强调建立的合理性；语气更加直接，强烈。 You should check your answer before hand it in. 你应该先检查一下答案，然后再交。 · could提出建议时，语气比较温和，侧重提出一种可行的做法。 You could rest for a few days. 你可以休息几天。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) You should ______ more water when you have a fever. A．drinks B．drinking C．drink D．has (2) —My best friend is angry with me. What should I do?          —________ A．It’s not a big deal. B．That should be OK. C．I guess you could say sorry first. D．I think you’re wrong. (3) To keep healthy, we ________ eat less junk food and take more exercise. A．need B．must C．can D．should (4) You ________ drink warm water and have a good rest if you have a cold, or you’ll feel worse. A．should B．had better not C．mustn’t D．can (5) —I have a fever. What ________ I do? —See a doctor. A．should B．could C．would (6) —Could you play tennis when you were ten? —Yes, I ________. A．can B．should C．need D．could (7) —________ I borrow your dictionary? —Sorry, I’m afraid you ________ because I’m using it. A．Could; can B．Could; can’t C．Must; can D．Must; can’t (8) —I had a fight with my sister. What should I do? —________ A．Why don’t you ask her to say sorry? B．How about raising some money for her? C．Maybe you could ask your mother for help. D．Why not fight with her again? 补全句子或翻译句子 (1) 烹饪是一项重要的技能。每个人都应该学会做一些简单的菜。 Cooking is an important skill. Everybody some simple dishes. (2) —我头疼，妈妈。 —哦，你不应该在睡觉时打开窗户。 —I , mom. —Oh, you the windows open while sleeping. (3) 你应该待在床上，休息一下。 (4) 你应该尽早去看牙医。 (5) 如果你嗓子痛，你可以喝些加蜂蜜的热水。 (6) 当你肚子痛时，你可以放一些暖的东西在你肚子上。 3. 其他表示建议的表达 (1) had better · had better表示“最好...”，语气比较强烈。其后接动词原形。had better可缩略为：’d better. You’d better go to a doctor. 你最好去看医生。 · had better的否定形式为“had better not +动词原形”，意为“最好不要做...” We’d better not be late. 我们最好不要迟到。 (2) 祈使句 · Let’s+动词原形+其他. Let’s buy some fruit. 我们买些水果吧。 · Don’t+动词原形+其他. Don’t drink cold water. 不要喝冷水。 · 动词原型+其他。 Take the medicine twice a day. 一天吃两次药。 (3) Why not do...? / Why don’t you do...? 意为“你为什么不做...呢?” Why not take a taxi?为什么不打的呢？ Why don’t you eat some soft food? 为什么不吃一些软的食物呢？ (4) What about/How about...? 意为“...怎么样？”。about是介词，其后跟名词或动词-ing形式。 如：How about seeing a film tonight? 今晚看电影怎么样？ [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) You had better ________ football near the street. It’s very dangerous. A．not to play B．don’t play C．not play D．to not play (2) Friends ________ always be honest with each other in order to build trust. A．need B．had better C．will D．can (3) It’s sunny today. ________ take a walk in the park? A．Let’s B．Why not C．What about D．Do you like (4) —________ going shopping with me? —That sounds great. A．Why not B．Where are C．How about D．What are (5) —I have a toothache. What should I do? —________ A．What about hanging out with your friends? B．You could invite your classmates to your party. C．Why not go to the dentist? D．You’d better have enough sleep. 补全句子或翻译句子 (1) 你最好带一把伞。 (2) 当你患流感时，带一个口罩以阻止病毒的传播。 When you , the virus from spreading. (3) 当你生病时，不要抽烟。 (4) 为什么不咨询医生的建议呢? the doctor for some advice? 反身代词 1. 反身代词的含义 反身代词是表示“...自己，...本身”含义的一类代词，由形容词性物主代词或宾格代词词尾加-self/-selves 构成。如myself“我自己”；himself“他自己”。 2. 反身代词的构成 (1) 第一人称和第二人称的反身代词由形容性物主代词词尾加-self/-selves构成；第三人称的反身代词由宾格代词词尾加-self/-selves构成。 (2) 同一人称反身代词有单复数之分。 人称 主格人称代词 宾格人称代词 反身代词 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 第一人称 I 我 we 我们 me 我 us 我们 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 第二人称 you 你 you 你们 you 你 you 你们 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第三人称 he 他 she 她 it 它 they 他/她/它们 him 他 her 她 it 它 them 他/她/它们 himself 他自己 herself她自己 itself它自己 themselves 他/她/它们自己 3. 反身代词的句法功能 (1) 作动词或介词的宾语 常见接反身代词作宾语的动词和动词短语有cut, hurt, teach, enjoy, help, look after等 如：He can look after himself. 他能照顾他自己。 Please help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃点鱼。 (2) 作主语或宾语的同位语 同位语‌是指一个名词、名词短语或从句对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明。同位语通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后。 反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语时，一般表示强调，常译为“本人，亲自”。 如：He made the cake himself. 他自己做的这个蛋糕。 You yourself said so. 是你本人这么说的。‌ (3) 作表语 如：Just be yourself. 做你自己就好了。 4. 反身代词常用短语 enjoy oneself 玩得开心；help oneself (to sth.)·请随便吃 / 用…；leach oneself = learn... by oneself 自学 dress oneself 自己穿衣服；lose oneself in... 沉浸于…；say to oneself 自言自语；by oneself某人独自 如：They enjoyed themselves at the party.它们在聚会上玩得很开心。 My grandma taught herself how to use the app. 我奶奶自学的如何使用这个应用软件。 5. 反身代词使用时注意事项 (1) 反身不能作主语。 如：Myself like the dress. （错误表达） I myself like the dress. （错误表达）我自己喜欢这条裙子。 (2) 反身代词要与主语保持人称一致。 如：The boy said to myself. （错误表达） The boy said to me. （正确表达）小男孩对我说道。 (3) 主语和宾语是同一个人时，宾语要用反身代词，而不用宾格代词。 如：The girl lost her in the picture. （错误表达） The girl lose herself in the picture. （正确表达）小女孩沉浸在这幅画中。 [随学随练] 用适当的反身代词填空 (1) Be careful, or you will hurt ______ (you). (2) My brother taught ______ (he) how to swim last summer. (3) We really enjoyed ______ (we) at the party last night. (4) The little girl looked at ______ (she) in the mirror and smiled. (5) The students cleaned the classroom by ______ (they). (6) Help ______ (you) to some fish, boys. (7) I can't mend the bike ______ (I). Can you help me? (8) The cat saw ______ (it) in the pool. 单项填空 (1) Don’t be angry. He wasn’t talking about you. He was talking about ________. A．himself B．yourself C．itself D．themselves (2) —Did you enjoy ________ at the party last night? —Yes, I had a great time! A．you B．your C．yourself D．yours (3) After I joined the English Corner, I found ________ interested in learning English. A．it B．me C．itself D．myself (4) My grandpa learned to play sanxian all by ________ in his twenties. A．he B．she C．himself D．herself (5) My sister often teaches ________ English when she has free time. She wants to improve her language skills. A．herself B．himself C．myself D．yourself (6) Jill was 10 years old. ________ was old enough to go to school ________. A．She;  she B．She;  herself C．She;  her D．Her;  she (7) —Sally could look after ________ when she was six. —Really? I can’t believe it. A．myself B．yourself C．himself D．herself (8) —Who taught _______ English last term? —Nobody. I learned it by _______. A．you; myself B．your; myself C．you; me D．your; me 补全句子 (1) 她自言自语道：“我能做到。” She , “I can do it.” (2) 你必须相信自己，才能克服这个困难。 You have to in to overcome this difficulty. (3) 她只想着自己，从不关心他人。 She only and never cares about others. (4) 做你自己，不要在乎其他人是怎么看你的。 , and don’t care about what others think of you. (5) 我们每天都在学校里过得很开心。 We in our school every day. (6) 他昨天在体育课上伤到了自己。 2、 单元语法基础练习 1. 单项填空 (1) —Could you please help me make my bed, Mom? —I’m afraid I ________. You ________ do it on your own. A．couldn’t; need B．shouldn’t; should C．can’t; should (2) —Miss Fang, how can I speak good English? —I think you ________ practise speaking it every day. A．wouldn’t B．shouldn’t C．should D．would (3) —I have a high fever. What should I do? —You ________ drink warm water and ________ wear too many clothes. But the most important thing is to go to see a doctor at once. A．shouldn’t; should B．should; had better not C．had better to; had better not D．should; had better not to (4) It’s snowing heavily outside. You ________ go out without wearing warm clothes. It’s easy to catch a cold. A．shouldn’t B．needn’t C．may not D．won’t (5) —Dad, ________ I go to the cinema with my friends tonight? — Yes, but you must finish your homework first. A．must B．should C．need D．could (6) —My parents don’t allow me to watch TV. What should I do? —________. A．You could say sorry B．It’s not easy C．You could sit down and communicate with them (7) Just believe in ________, and you will do a great job. A．yourself B．you C．myself D．me (8) Boys and girls, please answer these questions ________. A．on yourself B．for yourself C．by yourselves D．with yourselves (9) — My best friend is more popular than me. I want to be like him. — It’s not necessary to be the same. You should just be ________. A．yourself B．himself C．myself D．herself (10) —Do you know who taught ________ Chinese? —No one. She learned it all by ________. A．hers; herself B．her; herself C．hers; her D．her; hers (11) My grandma says young people should learn to look after ________. A．myself B．herself C．yourselves D．themselves (12) Kate cut ________ when she learnt to cook. But nothing would stop ________ from learning. A．her; her B．her; she C．herself; her D．herself; she (13) Both the football players and the fans enjoyed ________ at the Qatar World Cup. A．myself B．himself C．themselves D．herself (14) Hi, boys, please help _________ to some chicken. A．myself B．yourselves C．yourself D．themselves 2. 补全对话 用所给词的适当形式填空或填入适当的情态动词。 A Tom: Sarah, why are you practicing in the room alone? Sarah: I'm nervous about the speech contest. I'm afraid I'll introduce 1. ______ (I) wrong. Tom: Don't be silly. You speak English very well. You just need to believe in 2. ______ (you). Sarah: But there will be so many people watching me. Tom: That's normal. You 3. ______ take a deep breath before you start. Sarah: What if I forget my words? Tom: If that happens, you 4. ______ smile and start over. Don't panic. Sarah: OK. I will try. But I still need to practice by 5. ______ (I) for two more hours. Tom: Go for it! I believe you can do it. B Teacher: Everyone, listen carefully. When we go camping, we must protect 1. ______ (we) from bad food. Student A: What if we get hungry at night? Teacher: You 2. ______ bring some biscuits or bread. They are safe to eat. Student B: Can we eat the fruit from the trees? Teacher: No! You 3. ______ (not eat) any fruit you find in the forest. You don't know if it's poisonous (有毒的). Student C: What about the monkeys? Teacher: Don't get close to them. They might hurt 4. ______ (they) or you if they are angry. 四、完成句子 (1) 我们应该吃一些牛奶和豆制品(soy products)。 (2) 我们应该养成均衡饮食的习惯。 (3) 你可以培养一些新的爱好来消磨时间。 (4) 你应该想写办法来克服这个困难。 (5) 她通过看电影自学英语。 (6) 当我们处于危险时，我们要及时阻止它的发生以保证我们自己安全。 (7) 他太粗心了，伤到了他自己。他应该去看医生。 (8) 你可以自己尝试制作一些食物。 3、 单元语法提升练习 1. 语法填空 Dear students, Some students ask us about some health problems. Here is some advice for you. If someone doesn’t feel like eating anything, he may have a stomachache. He 1 go to a doctor. If someone hurts 2 and has a sore back, he needs to get an X-ray. If someone likes doing sports, he 3 do sports right away after meals. It’s bad for his health. You all should 4 the rules everywhere in order to avoid accidents. When you have some health problems at school, you can ask teachers and school nurses for help. We hope you all enjoy 5 at school! Yours, School nurses 2. 补全对话 根据对话内容和提示词补全对话 A Mom: Jack, you look pale. What's the matter? Jack: I have a terrible toothache. Mom: Oh, that's too bad. (1) (should/see). Jack: But I have a math test tomorrow. I'm worried. Mom: Health comes first. (2) (should/study). Jack: You are right. But my mouth hurts too much to eat. Mom: (3) (could/eat). Jack: Good idea. I will try that. Thanks, Mom. B Mom: Tony, why are you rubbing(摩擦) your eyes like that? Tony: My eyes are dry and painful. I've been looking at the computer screen all day for my online classes. Mom: That's not good for your eyes. (1) (should/stop/break) Tony: But I have to finish my English homework. Mom: But protecting your eyes is more important. First ,(2) (should/close) Tony: OK. Mom: And when you start working again,(3) (could/remind/rule) Tony: What do you mean? Mom: You know the 20-20-20 rule. Every 20 minutes, look 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Set an alarm if you have to. Also,(4) (should/not/sit) Tony: Thanks, Mum. (5) (write/remind/myself) 3. 情景运用 (1) 你的朋友背痛，请给他提一些建议： (2) 你的外国朋友想更多的了解汉服，请给他提些建议： (3) 你的朋友总是眼睛不舒服，感觉视力在下降，请给他提一些建议： (4) 你的朋友将去到另一个城市，你想让她自己照顾好自己，你可以这样对他说： (5) 孩子们在公园玩得很开心，你可以这样描述： 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Stay Healthy (Grammar)（情态动词用于建议 & 反身代词） 核心知识点精讲精练 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Grammar 部分精讲本单元的重点语法，讲解部分配有随学随练。 · Grammar 部分还设置了单元语法基础练习和单元语法提升练习，丰富多样的习题帮助学生更好地学习并掌握单元语法知识。 1、 单元语法解析 情态动词用于建议 1. 情态动词的基本用法 (1) 情态动词用于表明说话者对某一行为或动作的态度和观点，包括能力，可能，命令，要求，意愿，怀疑等。 (2) 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 You should listen carefully in class. 你在课堂上要认真听讲。 She can finish the task herself. 她可以自己完成这个任务。 (3) 情态动词不能单独作谓语，后面必须接动词原形。 She may go there. 她可能会去那里。 Lucy can play soccer well. 露西足球踢得很好。 2. 常用于建议的情态动词 (1) should · should表示劝告或建议，可译为“应该，应当”，表述的是自己的主观看法。其同义词为ought to。 用于向他人提出不应该做某事的建议时，用should的否定形式should not（可缩略为shouldn’t）。 You should drink more hot water. 你应该多喝些热水。 You shouldn’t eat too much. 你不应该吃太多。 · should还可以表示义务和责任。 We should clean up the classroom. 我们应该把教室打扫干净。 (2) could · could用于建议，表示“可以”，语气较弱。could用于建议时，不表示过去。 You could drink some water with honey. 你可以喝些加蜂蜜的水。 · could可以用作can的过去式，表示过去的能力。 She could play soccer well when she was a little girl. 她是个小女孩时，她足球踢得很好。 · could可以用于委婉地提出请求，常用于句型“Could you please+动词原形+其他？”，表示“你可以...吗？”。回答时要用can，不能用could。 —Could you please help me park the car? 你能帮我停下车吗？ —Yes, I can. / Sorry, I can’t. 是的，可以。/抱歉，我不行。 对于could的请求，肯定回答还可以用：Sure. /Certainly./ Of course./ With pleasure. · could可以用于委婉地请求许可，常用于句型“Could I++动词原形+其他？”可译为“我可以...吗？”。 Could I eat another cake? 我能再吃块蛋糕吗？ (3) should和could用于建议的区别 · should提出建议时，强调建立的合理性；语气更加直接，强烈。 You should check your answer before hand it in. 你应该先检查一下答案，然后再交。 · could提出建议时，语气比较温和，侧重提出一种可行的做法。 You could rest for a few days. 你可以休息几天。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) You should ______ more water when you have a fever. A．drinks B．drinking C．drink D．has 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你发烧时应该多喝水。情态动词should后跟动词原形，故答案为C。 (2) —My best friend is angry with me. What should I do?          —________ A．It’s not a big deal. B．That should be OK. C．I guess you could say sorry first. D．I think you’re wrong. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我最好的朋友在生我的气。我该怎么办？ ——我想你可以先道歉。 考查情景交际。It’s not a big deal没什么大不了的；That should be OK应该没问题；I guess you could say sorry first我想你可以先道歉；I think you’re wrong我认为你是错误的。根据“My best friend is angry with me”可知，应建议先道歉，故选C。 (3) To keep healthy, we ________ eat less junk food and take more exercise. A．need B．must C．can D．should 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了保持健康，我们应该少吃垃圾食品，多锻炼。 考查情态动词辨析。need需要；must必须；can可以；should应该。根据语境可知，表达健康建议时，常用“should”表示“应该”，强调建议性而非强制性或能力。故选D。 (4) You ________ drink warm water and have a good rest if you have a cold, or you’ll feel worse. A．should B．had better not C．mustn’t D．can 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你感冒了，你应该喝温水和好好休息，否则你会感觉更糟。 考查情态动词辨析。should应该；had better not最好不要做；mustn’t禁止；can可以。根据“or you’ll feel worse”可知，这里表示你应该喝温水和好好休息，因此应选用表示建议的“should”。故选A。 (5) —I have a fever. What ________ I do? —See a doctor. A．should B．could C．would 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我发烧了。我应该做什么？——去看医生。 考查情态动词的用法。should应该，表示建议或义务；could可能/能够，表示能力或可能性；would将会，常用于假设或委婉请求。根据“See a doctor.”可知，此处询问建议。故选A。 (6) —Could you play tennis when you were ten? —Yes, I ________. A．can B．should C．need D．could 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你十岁的时候会打网球吗？——是的，我会。 考查情态动词。can能，会；should应该；need需要；could能，会。根据“Could you play tennis when you were ten?”可知问句中“Could”在句中是过去式，答句也用一般过去时，情态动词也用could。故选D。 (7) —________ I borrow your dictionary? —Sorry, I’m afraid you ________ because I’m using it. A．Could; can B．Could; can’t C．Must; can D．Must; can’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我可以借你的字典吗？——对不起，恐怕你不能，因为我在用。 考查情态动词辨析。Could表示委婉请求；Must必须；can能，可以；can’t不能。第一空表示礼貌请求，用“Could”更合适；根据“because I’m using it.”可知，因为自己正在用，所以第二空表示拒绝，用“can’t”表示不能。故选B。 (8) —I had a fight with my sister. What should I do? —________ A．Why don’t you ask her to say sorry? B．How about raising some money for her? C．Maybe you could ask your mother for help. D．Why not fight with her again? 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我和我妹妹打架了。我该怎么办？——也许你可以向你妈妈求助。 考查情景交际。Why don’t you ask her to say sorry?你为什么不让她说声对不起；How about raising some money for her?为她筹钱怎么样；Maybe you could ask your mother for help.也许你可以向你妈妈求助；Why not fight with her again?为什么不再和她打架。上文表示自己和妹妹打架了，想要寻求建议，结合选项可知“也许你可以向你妈妈求助”符合语境。故选C。 补全句子或翻译句子 (1) 烹饪是一项重要的技能。每个人都应该学会做一些简单的菜。 Cooking is an important skill. Everybody some simple dishes. 【答案】should learn to make (2) —我头疼，妈妈。 —哦，你不应该在睡觉时打开窗户。 —I , mom. —Oh, you the windows open while sleeping. 【答案】have a headache ; shouldn’t keep (3) 你应该待在床上，休息一下。 【答案】You should stay in bed and take a rest. (4) 你应该尽早去看牙医。 【答案】You should see a dentist as soon as possible. (5) 如果你嗓子痛，你可以喝些加蜂蜜的热水。 【答案】If you have a sore throat, you could drink some hot water with honey. (6) 当你肚子痛时，你可以放一些暖的东西在你肚子上。 【答案】When you have a stomachache, you could put something warm on your stomach. 3. 其他表示建议的表达 (1) had better · had better表示“最好...”，语气比较强烈。其后接动词原形。had better可缩略为：’d better. You’d better go to a doctor. 你最好去看医生。 · had better的否定形式为“had better not +动词原形”，意为“最好不要做...” We’d better not be late. 我们最好不要迟到。 (2) 祈使句 · Let’s+动词原形+其他. Let’s buy some fruit. 我们买些水果吧。 · Don’t+动词原形+其他. Don’t drink cold water. 不要喝冷水。 · 动词原型+其他。 Take the medicine twice a day. 一天吃两次药。 (3) Why not do...? / Why don’t you do...? 意为“你为什么不做...呢?” Why not take a taxi?为什么不打的呢？ Why don’t you eat some soft food? 为什么不吃一些软的食物呢？ (4) What about/How about...? 意为“...怎么样？”。about是介词，其后跟名词或动词-ing形式。 如：How about seeing a film tonight? 今晚看电影怎么样？ [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) You had better ________ football near the street. It’s very dangerous. A．not to play B．don’t play C．not play D．to not play 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你最好不要在街道附近踢足球，这很危险。 考查had better的用法。had better为固定搭配，意为“最好”，其否定形式为had better not do sth，意为“最好不要做某事”，结合选项可知，空处应填not play。故选C。 (2) Friends ________ always be honest with each other in order to build trust. A．need B．had better C．will D．can 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了建立信任，朋友之间最好彼此诚实。 考查情态动词辨析。need需要；had better最好；will将会；can能够。根据“in order to build trust”可知，此处表示建议或推荐。故选B。 (3) It’s sunny today. ________ take a walk in the park? A．Let’s B．Why not C．What about D．Do you like 【答案】B 【详解】句意：今天天气晴朗。为何不去公园里散散步呢？ 考查特殊疑问句及情景交际。Let’s让我们，后接动词原形，为祈使句的肯定形式，常用于直接陈述建议，引导陈述句；Why not为何不，为什么不，后接动词原形，常用于提出建议，为特殊疑问句；What about怎么样，后需接动名词形式；Do you like你喜欢……吗，后需接不定式或动名词形式。分析句子结构及语境可知，空后动词take为原形，且该句为晴天时提议去散步的场景，应用“why not”表示提议。故选B。 (4) —________ going shopping with me? —That sounds great. A．Why not B．Where are C．How about D．What are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——和我一起去购物怎么样？——听起来不错。 考查情景交际。Why not为什么不，后接动词原形；Where are在哪里，后接名词或代词等；How about……怎么样，后接动词-ing形式；What are是什么，后接名词或代词等。根据“going shopping with me”可知，此处是询问对方和自己一起去购物怎么样，“going”是动名词形式，因此用How about。故选C。 (5) —I have a toothache. What should I do? —________ A．What about hanging out with your friends? B．You could invite your classmates to your party. C．Why not go to the dentist? D．You’d better have enough sleep. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我牙痛。我该怎么办？ ——为什么不去看牙医呢？ 考查情景交际。What about hanging out with your friends?和你的朋友出去玩怎么样；You could invite your classmates to your party.你可以邀请你的同学参加你的聚会；Why not go to the dentist?为什么不去看牙医呢；You’d better have enough sleep.你最好有足够的睡眠。根据“I have a toothache.”可知，提问者牙痛，那他应该要去看牙医，选项C的提议符合语境。故选C。 补全句子或翻译句子 (1) 你最好带一把伞。 【答案】You had better take an umbrella. (2) 当你患流感时，带一个口罩以阻止病毒的传播。 When you , the virus from spreading. 【答案】 have the flu, wear a mask to stop. (3) 当你生病时，不要抽烟。 【答案】When you are ill, don’t smoke. (4) 为什么不咨询医生的建议呢? the doctor for some advice? 【答案】Why not ask/turn to 反身代词 1. 反身代词的含义 反身代词是表示“...自己，...本身”含义的一类代词，由形容词性物主代词或宾格代词词尾加-self/-selves 构成。如myself“我自己”；himself“他自己”。 2. 反身代词的构成 (1) 第一人称和第二人称的反身代词由形容性物主代词词尾加-self/-selves构成；第三人称的反身代词由宾格代词词尾加-self/-selves构成。 (2) 同一人称反身代词有单复数之分。 人称 主格人称代词 宾格人称代词 反身代词 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 第一人称 I 我 we 我们 me 我 us 我们 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 第二人称 you 你 you 你们 you 你 you 你们 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第三人称 he 他 she 她 it 它 they 他/她/它们 him 他 her 她 it 它 them 他/她/它们 himself 他自己 herself她自己 itself它自己 themselves 他/她/它们自己 3. 反身代词的句法功能 (1) 作动词或介词的宾语 常见接反身代词作宾语的动词和动词短语有cut, hurt, teach, enjoy, help, look after等 如：He can look after himself. 他能照顾他自己。 Please help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃点鱼。 (2) 作主语或宾语的同位语 同位语‌是指一个名词、名词短语或从句对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明。同位语通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后。 反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语时，一般表示强调，常译为“本人，亲自”。 如：He made the cake himself. 他自己做的这个蛋糕。 You yourself said so. 是你本人这么说的。‌ (3) 作表语 如：Just be yourself. 做你自己就好了。 4. 反身代词常用短语 enjoy oneself 玩得开心；help oneself (to sth.)·请随便吃 / 用…；leach oneself = learn... by oneself 自学 dress oneself 自己穿衣服；lose oneself in... 沉浸于…；say to oneself 自言自语；by oneself某人独自 如：They enjoyed themselves at the party.它们在聚会上玩得很开心。 My grandma taught herself how to use the app. 我奶奶自学的如何使用这个应用软件。 5. 反身代词使用时注意事项 (1) 反身不能作主语。 如：Myself like the dress. （错误表达） I myself like the dress. （错误表达）我自己喜欢这条裙子。 (2) 反身代词要与主语保持人称一致。 如：The boy said to myself. （错误表达） The boy said to me. （正确表达）小男孩对我说道。 (3) 主语和宾语是同一个人时，宾语要用反身代词，而不用宾格代词。 如：The girl lost her in the picture. （错误表达） The girl lose herself in the picture. （正确表达）小女孩沉浸在这幅画中。 [随学随练] 用适当的反身代词填空 (1) Be careful, or you will hurt ______ (you). (2) My brother taught ______ (he) how to swim last summer. (3) We really enjoyed ______ (we) at the party last night. (4) The little girl looked at ______ (she) in the mirror and smiled. (5) The students cleaned the classroom by ______ (they). (6) Help ______ (you) to some fish, boys. (7) I can't mend the bike ______ (I). Can you help me? (8) The cat saw ______ (it) in the pool. 【答案】 (1) yourself (主语是 you，单数) (2) himself (主语是 My brother) (3) ourselves (主语是 We) (4) herself (主语是 The little girl) (5) themselves (主语是 The students) (6) yourselves (注意后面的 boys 是复数，所以用 yourselves) (7) myself (主语是 I) (8) itself (主语是 The cat，动物通常用 it) 单项填空 (1) Don’t be angry. He wasn’t talking about you. He was talking about ________. A．himself B．yourself C．itself D．themselves 【答案】A 【详解】句意：别生气。他不是在谈论你。他是在谈论他自己。 考查反身代词辨析。himself他自己；yourself你自己；itself它自己；themselves他们自己。根据句子主语“He”是第三人称单数男性，反身代词需与主语在人称和数上保持一致，表示动作作用于自身，因此应“himself”。故填himself。 (2) —Did you enjoy ________ at the party last night? —Yes, I had a great time! A．you B．your C．yourself D．yours 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨晚你在派对上玩得开心吗？——是的，我玩得很开心！ 考查反身代词的用法。you你；your你的；yourself你自己；yours你的。根据答语“Yes, I had a great time!”可知，问句询问“对方玩得开心不开心”；enjoy oneself意为“玩得开心”，主语为you，所以空处使用yourself。故选C。 (3) After I joined the English Corner, I found ________ interested in learning English. A．it B．me C．itself D．myself 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在参加了英语角之后，我发现自己对学习英语感兴趣了。 考查代词辨析。it它，主格/宾格；me我，宾格；itself它自己，反身代词；myself我自己，反身代词。根据“I found ... interested in learning English”可知，主语是“I”，动词“found”后需接反身代词作宾语，表示动作作用于主语自身，强调“我”发现“自己”对学习英语感兴趣。故选D。 (4) My grandpa learned to play sanxian all by ________ in his twenties. A．he B．she C．himself D．herself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的爷爷在二十多岁时完全靠自己学习弹三弦。 考查代词辨析。he他；she她；himself他自己；herself她自己。根据主语“My grandpa”可知，爷爷为男性，固定短语“all by oneself”表示“完全靠自己”，需使用与主语一致的反身代词“himself”。故选C。 (5) My sister often teaches ________ English when she has free time. She wants to improve her language skills. A．herself B．himself C．myself D．yourself 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我姐姐有空时经常教自己英语。她想提高她的语言技能。 考查反身代词辨析。herself她自己；himself他自己；myself我自己；yourself你自己。根据主语“My sister”是女性第三人称单数，反身代词需与主语在性别、数上保持一致，因此用herself表示“她自己”。同时，后句“She wants to improve her language skills.”表明是姐姐想提高自身语言技能，通过自学英语实现，符合逻辑。故选A。 (6) Jill was 10 years old. ________ was old enough to go to school ________. A．She;  she B．She;  herself C．She;  her D．Her;  she 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Jill十岁了。她已经足够大了，可以自己上学了。 考查代词辨析。she她，人称代词主格；herself她自己，反身代词；her她的，形容词性物主代词，也可以是宾格的“她”。第一个空作主语，用人称代词主格，排除D；第二个空用反身代词herself，表示“她自己去上学”。故选B。 (7) —Sally could look after ________ when she was six. —Really? I can’t believe it. A．myself B．yourself C．himself D．herself 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——萨莉六岁时就可以照顾她自己了。——真的吗？我简直不敢相信。 考查反身代词。myself我自己；yourself你自己；himself他自己；herself她自己。根据“when she was six”可知，Sally是女孩；再根据句子主语是Sally，所以look after后应跟herself，故选D。 (8) —Who taught _______ English last term? —Nobody. I learned it by _______. A．you; myself B．your; myself C．you; me D．your; me 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——上学期谁教你英语？——没有人。我是自学的。 考查代词辨析。you你，人称代词；your你的，物主代词；myself我自己，反身代词；me我，人称代词。根据teach sb. sth.“教某人某事”可知，第一空应用人称代词you作间接宾语；根据固定短语by oneself“独自”可知，第二空应用反身代词myself。故选A。 补全句子 (1) 她自言自语道：“我能做到。” She , “I can do it.” 【答案】 said to herself (2) 你必须相信自己，才能克服这个困难。 You have to in to overcome this difficulty. 【答案】 believe yourself (3) 她只想着自己，从不关心他人。 She only and never cares about others. 【答案】thinks of herself (4) 做你自己，不要在乎其他人是怎么看你的。 , and don’t care about what others think of you. 【答案】 Be yourself (5) 我们每天都在学校里过得很开心。 We in our school every day. 【答案】 enjoy ourselves (6) 他昨天在体育课上伤到了自己。 【答案】He hurt himself in the P.E. class yesterday. 2、 单元语法基础练习 1. 单项填空 (1) —Could you please help me make my bed, Mom? —I’m afraid I ________. You ________ do it on your own. A．couldn’t; need B．shouldn’t; should C．can’t; should 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，你能帮我整理床铺吗？——恐怕我不能。你应该自己做。 考查情态动词。couldn’t不能；need需要；shouldn’t不应该；should应该；can’t不能。根据“Could you please help me make my bed, Mom?”可知，此处表示委婉请求，回答时用can或can’t，第二空使用should表示建议。故选C。 (2) —Miss Fang, how can I speak good English? —I think you ________ practise speaking it every day. A．wouldn’t B．shouldn’t C．should D．would 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——方老师，我怎样才能说好英语？——我认为你应该每天练习说英语。 考查情态动词的用法。wouldn’t不会；shouldn’t不应该；should应该；would会。根据“I think you...practise speaking it every day.”可知，回答是给予建议，应使用肯定的建议“should”，故选C。 (3) —I have a high fever. What should I do? —You ________ drink warm water and ________ wear too many clothes. But the most important thing is to go to see a doctor at once. A．shouldn’t; should B．should; had better not C．had better to; had better not D．should; had better not to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我发高烧。我该怎么办？——你应该喝温水，最好不要穿太多的衣服。但最重要的是马上去看医生。 考查情态动词。had better后接动词原形，排除CD；根据“I have a high fever. What should I do?”结合常识可知发烧了要多喝温水，不能穿太多衣服，第一空表肯定，用should，第二空表否定，用had better not。故选B。 (4) It’s snowing heavily outside. You ________ go out without wearing warm clothes. It’s easy to catch a cold. A．shouldn’t B．needn’t C．may not D．won’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：外面雪下得很大。你不应该不穿暖和的衣服就出去，这样很容易感冒。 考查情态动词。shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必；may not可能不，不允许；won’t不会。根据“It’s snowing heavily outside.”和“It’s easy to catch a cold.”可知，下雪天不穿暖和的衣服出门容易感冒，所以此处是指不穿暖和的衣服就不应该出门。故选A。 (5) —Dad, ________ I go to the cinema with my friends tonight? — Yes, but you must finish your homework first. A．must B．should C．need D．could 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——爸爸，我今晚可以和朋友们去看电影吗？——可以，但你必须先完成作业。 考查情态动词。must必须；should应该；need需要；could 可以（表示请求）。根据上下文可知，孩子的问题是在请求许可，爸爸的回答“Yes”表示同意，因此需用表示礼貌请求的情态动词could。故选D。 (6) —My parents don’t allow me to watch TV. What should I do? —________. A．You could say sorry B．It’s not easy C．You could sit down and communicate with them 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我的父母不允许我看电视。我应该怎么做？——你可以坐下来和他们沟通。 考查情景交际。You could say sorry你可以说对不起；It’s not easy那是不容易的；You could sit down and communicate with them你可以坐下来和他们沟通。根据“My parents don’t allow me to watch TV.”可知，此处应建议对方和父母沟通一下。故选C。 (7) Just believe in ________, and you will do a great job. A．yourself B．you C．myself D．me 【答案】A 【详解】句意：只要相信你自己，你就会做得很好。 考查代词辨析。yourself你自己；you你；myself我自己；me我。根据“Just believe in...”可知，此处是指相信你自己，应该用反身代词yourself。故选A。 (8) Boys and girls, please answer these questions ________. A．on yourself B．for yourself C．by yourselves D．with yourselves 【答案】C 【详解】句意：同学们，请自己回答这些问题。 考查反身代词的用法和介词短语搭配。on yourself无此独立短语；for yourself为你自己；by yourselves独自；with yourselves和你们自己。根据“...please answer these questions...”可知，此处是老师要求学生独自回答问题，且主语“Boys and girls”是复数，反身代词需用复数形式yourselves，“by oneself”表示“独自做某事”，固定短语。故选C。 (9) — My best friend is more popular than me. I want to be like him. — It’s not necessary to be the same. You should just be ________. A．yourself B．himself C．myself D．herself 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我最好的朋友比我更受欢迎，我想成为他那样的人。——没必要成为一样。你应该只是做你自己。 考查反身代词。yourself你自己；himself他自己；myself我自己；herself她自己。根据主语“You”可知，此处用yourself，表示做你自己。故选A。 (10) —Do you know who taught ________ Chinese? —No one. She learned it all by ________. A．hers; herself B．her; herself C．hers; her D．her; hers 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道谁教她中文的吗？ ——没人。她完全自学的。 考查代词辨析。hers她的，名词性物主代词；her她/她的，宾格/形容词性物主代词；herself她自己，反身代词。第一空应用人称代词宾格her作宾语；第二空为固定用法by oneself“独自”，应用反身代词herself，故选B。 (11) My grandma says young people should learn to look after ________. A．myself B．herself C．yourselves D．themselves 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的奶奶说年轻人应该学会去照顾自己。 考查反身代词辨析。myself我自己；herself她自己；yourselves你/你们自己；themselves他们自己。根据“young people”可知，主语young people为第三人称复数，此处应用反身代词themselves“他们自己”。故选D。 (12) Kate cut ________ when she learnt to cook. But nothing would stop ________ from learning. A．her; her B．her; she C．herself; her D．herself; she 【答案】C 【详解】句意：凯特学做饭时割伤了自己。但没有什么能阻止她学习。 考查代词。her她，宾格；she她，主格；herself她自己。根据“Kate”以及“when she learnt to cook”可知，是割到了她自己，因此第一空填反身代词；根据“stop”可知，第二空填人称代词宾格。故选C。 (13) Both the football players and the fans enjoyed ________ at the Qatar World Cup. A．myself B．himself C．themselves D．herself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：足球运动员和粉丝在卡塔尔世界杯都玩得很开心。 考查反身代词辨析。myself我自己；himself他自己；themselves他们自己；herself她自己。根据“Both the football players and the fans”可知，主语是第三人称复数，故用themselves。故选C。 (14) Hi, boys, please help _________ to some chicken. A．myself B．yourselves C．yourself D．themselves 【答案】B 【详解】句意：嗨，男孩们，请随便吃点鸡肉吧！ 考查反身代词。myself我自己；yourselves你们自己；yourself你自己；themselves他们自己。help oneself to为固定搭配，意为“请自便”，根据“boys”提示可知，此处指你们自己。反身代词应用复数yourselves，故选B。 2. 补全对话 用所给词的适当形式填空或填入适当的情态动词。 A Tom: Sarah, why are you practicing in the room alone? Sarah: I'm nervous about the speech contest. I'm afraid I'll introduce 1. ______ (I) wrong. Tom: Don't be silly. You speak English very well. You just need to believe in 2. ______ (you). Sarah: But there will be so many people watching me. Tom: That's normal. You 3. ______ take a deep breath before you start. Sarah: What if I forget my words? Tom: If that happens, you 4. ______ smile and start over. Don't panic. Sarah: OK. I will try. But I still need to practice by 5. ______ (I) for two more hours. Tom: Go for it! I believe you can do it. 【答案】 myself；yourself；should / could；could ；myself 【详解】 1. 主语是 I，introduce oneself 意为 “自我介绍”，故填 myself。 2. 主语是 You (Sarah)，believe in oneself 意为 “相信自己”，故填 yourself。 3. 建议在开始前深呼吸，两者皆可。should 语气更强，could 语气较弱。 4. 针对忘词的情况提出建议，“你可以微笑并重新开始”，这是提出一个可供选择的做法，语气较弱，故填 could。 5.固定搭配 by oneself 意为 “独自地 / 靠自己”，主语是 I，故填 myself。 B Teacher: Everyone, listen carefully. When we go camping, we must protect 1. ______ (we) from bad food. Student A: What if we get hungry at night? Teacher: You 2. ______ bring some biscuits or bread. They are safe to eat. Student B: Can we eat the fruit from the trees? Teacher: No! You 3. ______ (not eat) any fruit you find in the forest. You don't know if it's poisonous (有毒的). Student C: What about the monkeys? Teacher: Don't get close to them. They might hurt 4. ______ (they) or you if they are angry. 【答案】ourselves；could；shouldn't ；themselves 【详解】 1. 主语是 We，表示 “保护我们自己”，故填 ourselves。 2. 针对 “晚上饿了怎么办” 的问题，提出一个可供选择的做法 “可以带点饼干”，语气较弱故用 could。 3. 涉及健康安全的警告，“不应该吃森林里的水果”，故用 shouldn't。 4. 主语是 They（指代 monkeys，复数），表示猴子可能会伤到 “它们自己”，故填 themselves。 四、完成句子 (1) 我们应该吃一些牛奶和豆制品(soy products)。 【答案】We should have some milk and soy products. (2) 我们应该养成均衡饮食的习惯。 【答案】We should develop the habit of eating a balanced diet. (3) 你可以培养一些新的爱好来消磨时间。 【答案】You could take up some new hobbies to spend your time. (4) 你应该想写办法来克服这个困难。 【答案】You should come up with some solutions to get over the difficulty. (5) 她通过看电影自学英语。 【答案】She teaches herself English by watching movies. (6) 当我们处于危险时，我们要及时阻止它的发生以保证我们自己安全。 【答案】When we are in danger, we should stop it from happening in time so that we can keep ourselves safe. (7) 他太粗心了，伤到了他自己。他应该去看医生。 【答案】He was too careless and hurt himself. He should go to see a doctor. (8) 你可以自己尝试制作一些食物。 【答案】You could try making some food yourself. 3、 单元语法提升练习 1. 语法填空 Dear students, Some students ask us about some health problems. Here is some advice for you. If someone doesn’t feel like eating anything, he may have a stomachache. He 1 go to a doctor. If someone hurts 2 and has a sore back, he needs to get an X-ray. If someone likes doing sports, he 3 do sports right away after meals. It’s bad for his health. You all should 4 the rules everywhere in order to avoid accidents. When you have some health problems at school, you can ask teachers and school nurses for help. We hope you all enjoy 5 at school! Yours, School nurses 【答案】1．should 2．himself 3．shouldn’t 4．follow 5．yourselves 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了学校校医给学生的一些关于保持健康的建议。 1．句意：他应该去看医生。根据前文“If someone doesn’t feel like eating anything, he may have a stomachache.”可知，胃疼应该去看医生，所以此处应该填入should，情态动词，意为“应该”符合语境。故填should。 2．句意：如果有人弄伤了自己，背部疼痛，他需要做X光检查。根据“If someone hurts…”和后半句“he needs to get an X-ray”可知，此处应该指的是弄伤了自己，hurt oneself“弄伤某人自己”，主语是someone，结合后半句主语是“he”，所以此处反身代词要用himself。故填himself。 3．句意：如果有人喜欢做运动，他不应该饭后马上做运动。根据后文“It’s bad for his health.”可知，此处应该表达他不应该饭后马上做运动，结合横线后“do sports”，所以填入shouldn’t，情态动词should的否定形式，后跟动词原形，意为“不应该”符合语境。故填shouldn’t。 4．句意：为了避免事故，你们在任何地方都应该遵守规则。根据横线后“the rules”，结合句意可知，此处指的是遵守规则，所以应该填入follow，动词，意为“遵守”符合语境。故填follow。 5．句意：我们希望你们在学校过得愉快！根据横线前“you all enjoy…”，结合语境可知，此处应该表达希望你们在学校过得愉快，enjoy oneself“过得愉快”，主语是you all，所以反身代词要用yourselves。故填yourselves。 2. 补全对话 根据对话内容和提示词补全对话 A Mom: Jack, you look pale. What's the matter? Jack: I have a terrible toothache. Mom: Oh, that's too bad. (1) (should/see). Jack: But I have a math test tomorrow. I'm worried. Mom: Health comes first. (2) (should/study). Jack: You are right. But my mouth hurts too much to eat. Mom: (3) (could/eat). Jack: Good idea. I will try that. Thanks, Mom. 【参考答案】 (1)You should see a dentist. (2)You shouldn't study tonight. / You should stop studying and rest. (3)You could eat some soft food like porridge. B Mom: Tony, why are you rubbing(摩擦) your eyes like that? Tony: My eyes are dry and painful. I've been looking at the computer screen all day for my online classes. Mom: That's not good for your eyes. (1) (should/stop/break) Tony: But I have to finish my English homework. Mom: But protecting your eyes is more important. First ,(2) (should/close) Tony: OK. Mom: And when you start working again,(3) (could/remind/rule) Tony: What do you mean? Mom: You know the 20-20-20 rule. Every 20 minutes, look 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Set an alarm if you have to. Also,(4) (should/not/sit) Tony: Thanks, Mum. (5) (write/remind/myself) 【参考答案】 (1)You should stop looking at the screen and take a break. (2)You should close your eyes and rest yourself for a while. (3)you could remind yourself to follow the eye protection rule. (4)you should not sit too close to the screen. (5)I’ll write down the rule to remind myself. 3. 情景运用 (1) 你的朋友背痛，请给他提一些建议： 【参考答案】 You should go to a doctor. You should take a break. You should avoid sitting for a long time. (2) 你的外国朋友想更多的了解汉服，请给他提些建议： 【参考答案】 You could look up some information on the Internet. You could attend a hanfu show. You could go to a museum to know more. (3) 你的朋友总是眼睛不舒服，感觉视力在下降，请给他提一些建议： 【参考答案】 You should avoid looking at the screen for a long time. Every 20 minutes, you should rest your eyes and look at something far away. You could change the brightness of your screen to match your environment. You could eat some healthy food such as carrots and milk. (4) 你的朋友将去到另一个城市，你想让她自己照顾好自己，你可以这样对他说： 【参考答案】You should take good care of yourself. (5) 孩子们在公园玩得很开心，你可以这样描述： 【参考答案】The children enjoyed themselves in the park. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $